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研究 范式和研究 方法介绍
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Transcript of 研究 范式和研究 方法介绍
研究范式和研究方法介绍张鹏翼
2012年 4月 4日
研究方法和范式Framework for choosing research methods
Research ParadigmsInductive and Deductive ResearchQualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
研究范式决定研究方法• 研究范式 (Creswell, 2003)
– Positivist / Post-positivist 实证/后实证主义– Constructivist / Deconstructionist 建构主义– Advocacy / Participatory 参与/主张– Pragmatic 实用主义
实证/后实证主义• Thinkers
– Popper波普尔 , Newton牛顿 , Stanley• Key Points
– 存在唯一的客观现实,客观现实可以被建模– 研究者不能“证实”一个理论或其他因果命题,但是可以通过消除其他解释来增强这一理论
– 对于同一套数据可以用不同的理论来解释– 观察中内含着理论、研究过程中的主观因素,但是坚持客观性仍然是研究的努力方向,研究者应该尽可能地保持中立
– 某些严格的科学方法的要求并不适合于社会科学研究,因此提出准实验研究
建构主义/解析主义Thinkers
◦Vygotsky维果斯基 , Piaget皮亚杰 , Lincoln & Guba
Key Points◦现实/知识是被构建的
Socially – Vygotsky Individually -- Piaget
◦现实/知识是主观的◦现实/知识在一定的情境/ context中成立
参与/主张• Thinkers
– Marx, Habermas, Freire, Kemmis & Wilkinson
• Key Points– Reality/meaning is socially constructed – Research is intertwined with politics and political agendas– Addresses issues of empowerment, voice to the marginalized, oppression...– Tends to be qualitative
• Types– Feminist perspective– Queer theory– Disability inquiry– Racialized discourse– Critical Theory
实用主义• Thinkers – Pierce, James, Mead, and Dewey• Key Points
– Researches are not tied to a particular philosophical world view (knowledge claim)
– Researchers are free to choose the methodology (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods) that appears to address the problem at hand.
– Practical problem solving oriented– Tends to utilize a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach
Inductive/ Deductive
定性研究Traditions
◦Ethnographies – longitudinal study of intact culture in natural setting.
◦Grounded Theory – Abstract from views of participants.
◦Case Studies – In-depth study of a individuals, an event, or a process.
◦Narrative Research – Collects stories of individuals.
定量研究• Key Concepts
– Experimental designs– Non-experimental Designs – e.g. surveys– Scientific Method– Empiricism– Claims Objectivity– Most often used by post positivists.
混合方法Types
◦Sequential – Qualitative to quantitative or quantitative to qualitative.
◦Concurrent – Integrate qualitative and quantitative methods and data.
◦Transformative – Theory driven choices in data collection techniques.
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