5.1

(surface and interface) -----

1.-

2.-

3.-

4.-

5.-

:1.

dA

Jm-2

(-) Nm-1surface tension

W2W1FF=W1+W2g F=2l

(a

1) :2) Tp

1. P1175-1

2. 5-2 P118

3.

GTP

TPGGG dA

3A

5.2 AAA=A/V A/m

1cm1cm3

10-2m10-9m nm

3.H

4. 100KPaCaCO3 CaCO3(s)=CaO(s)+CO2(g)

MT Kelvin>0

----T0

T=T0-T1 T

B0 B0

B0OC1O B0OC2O

1C1TT0C

a -Fe b

5.3

1. 1 Ps = P - P =0

2 AB Ps P+ PsP Ps

3 AB Ps P-Ps

4Psr a. P=P+Ps b. dVdA c. PsdV dA.PsdV =dAdV=d4/3 r3=4r2dr dA=d4r2=8rdrPs=2/rLaplacePsr

1 rPs Ps=2/r2 r>0Ps>0 r

3 Ps=4/r4 rPs ps

P126

2. P PP+P+Ps=P+gh+2/r rPs PPP+gh+ 2/r

PP+gh+2/r T 1.250 Nm-1r = 510-8 mps= 2/r = 5107Nm-1

1. T S G G-T1T=T0G=G T0 2T>T0G>G G=G-G>0, T>T0

3T

VAln G G=n V GG=nA V l3A l2 V =kl3A =kl2G=nk Gl3+ nkl2

G-l lc : l< lc l> lc

3 G=nk Gl3+ nkl2 , Gl :d (G)/dl=0 lc=2/3 k/k(- G) 1 GTT G lc

2Gc Gc G Gc G-lT1 > T2 > T3l1 > l2 > l3

4 G>0 lc=2/3 k/k(- G) G=nk Gl3+ nkl2G=nA/3=G/32/31/3

5.4 GG Ol s g

O s-g s-l l-g >90

s-g = s-l + l-g cos(Young) cos = (s-g -s-l) / l-g

1) s-g > s-lcos>0,

G G 1. s-ls-gl-g.

AG:G=[Gs-l-(Gs-g+Gl-g)] =[s-l- (s-g+l-g)]A G=[(s-g+l-g) -s-l]A:W= G/A=(s-g+l-g) -s-ls-g= s-l +l-gcosW= l-g(1+cos)(Young)

1l-g WG 2 l-g 30

2. s-ll-gs-g GG=Gs-l+ Gl-g - Gs-g = [ s-l+ l-g - s-g ]A G= [ s-g - s-l - l-g ]A W= G/A = s-g- s-l - l-g=

= s-g - s-l - l-g >0 G

2072.7510-3Nm-1471.610-3Nm-1-37510-3Nm-1 = - - - 5-1 p134

5.5 .1.T

3. dA dnB

CB=1moldm-3CB

>0,

.cNaClNa2SO4 c c c

. 1. -OH-COOH-NH2

2. c 3. c 4.

R-OSO3NaR-SO3NaR-OPO3Na2

CH3 |R-N-HCl | H CH3 |R-N-HCl | CH3 CH3 |R-N+-CH3Cl- | CH3

CH3 |R-N+-CH2COO- | CH3

R-(C6H4)-O(C2H4O)nHR2N-(C2H4O)nHR-CONH(C2H4O)nHR-COOCH2(CHOH)3H

(micelle)

(critical micelle concentration) CMC

(critical micelle concentration)

(hydrophile-lipophile balance) GriffinHLBHLBHLB=0 HLB=20HLB020

(hydrophile-lipophile balance) HLBHLB268101218HLB 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 | || || || || | W/O | || O/W

1. 90

2.

3. X

4. 10-7m (O/W)(W/O)

5. A.

B.C.

5%

1.O/W2.W/O

5.6

. 1. A

2.HAuCuG

5-6P138

.1. V=V m(1)

2.q, T, p.(2)

:pq-Tqp-T adsH

Tq-p 5(p/pspsp)

()2.5nm78KN2.

()S1. S

()352KBr2

()323K.

()373K

R' R'Kelvin(a) AB (b)

Kelvin (b)bCD

. Langmuir1-=k1p(1-) 1-=k2

qLangmuir

q p

1.pbp1q =1q p3.q pmm01

VVpp/VpbVq =V/VLangmuir Langmuir

1.2.3.q LangmuirLangmuir

Brunauer-Emmett-TellerBET Langmuir.BET

1.-2. Vmc

.FreundlichFreundlichqcm3/ganFreundlichq Langmuir

1. 2. kJ/mol3.

4.5.6.

H2 NiH eaQp H2Nia

aNiac

1. 2.40kJ/mol 3.

4.5.6.-

5.7

-

1.

CTAB\SDBS

ZnO

2.-COOH -OH 3.SrTiO3H2C2O4ZnO

-1.2. 3.T10-2~10-4Pa + N2

H2O2N2 H2 ArH2 O2 H2OH2O

. 1.

2. ZnO PTCBaTiO3 PTC

5.8.1.

2. 3.1 d>0.1m

2 sol d1 nm~100 nm 1 nm ~ 1000 nm

3 d

1 .- AgI.- .-

2 .- .- .-

3 ---..- .-

2sollyophilic:. 1d1nm~0.1m(10-9~10-7m)

1 nm~100 nm lyophobic

1 10-9~10-7 m 2 3

5.9. 400~700 nm 1

1.1 2 3

Tyndall

2AgClAgBr3da. d>b. d

4 A V n1n2d

Rayleigh1. 2. 3.

cd

cr

turbidity It I0l d>

200 nm2. 5~150 nm

5~150nmNcsolVr

sol

1827 Brown) .sol

1. 1903

19051906Einstein)Smoluchowski)BrownBrown5 mBrown

xtxrL

dm/dtdc/dx

CDFEABC1>C2 C1C2

a Ficks first law

D

b Ficks second law

-Einstein-Brown t AB AB

ABt

r r :

AB c c

c sedimentation equilibrium

dxN

1 2 AgIAg+I- AgIAgNO3Ag+KII -

3 pHPCOO-pHP-NH3+ pH-COO--NH3+pH

pH 1. electrophoresis

2. electro-osmosis) 1~10 nm

U1,25,6 4 3AgI

3. streaming potential)

4. (sedimentation potential)

double layer) 1879Helmholz 19101913SternStern

0 0

GouyChapman

AB

Stern Stern Stern Stern Stern

SternStern0 Stern

0

electrokinetic potential

d

0

1. r10-9~10-7mG2.

AgNO3 + KIKNO3 + AgI KI AgIKI

2AgNO3 + KIKNO3 + AgI AgNO3

12 V2O5 3 Fe(OH)3

. r r

sol

112113mVsol

sol1.solsolTc csolcsol

1moldm-3-

2solH+>Cs+>Rb+>K+>Na+>Li+Fe 3+ >Al 3+ >Ba 2+ >Sr 2+ >Ca 2+ >Mg 2+solF- > IO3- > H2PO4- >BrO3- > Cl- > Br- >NO3- >I- >CNSlyotropic series)

3sol4

2sol2.

NaClLi+>K+>Na+>NH4+>Mg 2+>>SO42->CH3COO->Cl->NO3->ClO3->I-

3.sol10-6sol

sol SiO2SiO2SiO2

sol

5.10

.1.

12 ACB ACB1000 nm

2.sol

Fe(OH)3() Fe(OH)3(sol)SnCl4SnO2() SnO2(sol)sol3.16000Hz

4

,NaOH 100V 4.

. sol1.sol

A. 2H3AsO3+ 3H2S As2S3+6H2OB. FeCl3 +3H2O Fe(OH)3 +3HCl C. 2H2S(+ SO2(g) 2H2O +3S ( Na2S2O3 +2HCl 2NaCl +H2O +SO2 +S (

2.solE. AgNO3+ KCl AgCl ( +KNO3A.

1. 2.90

42,5 B. 245 53

Fe(OH)3HCl . sol

1

2 10-8~310-7m

2

5.11 sol-gel. sol-gelsol10-9~10-7mgelsolgel.-

sol-gel-

1.sol

2. Al(OC3H7)3

a.-M-OH + HO-M -M-O-M- + H2Ob.-M-OH + RO-M -M-O-M- + ROH

sol-gel H3O+-OROH--OR

solgel B(OR)3Al(OR)3B2O3Al(OH)3

-a.b.c.-OH-OR

+

a./b.c.gelpHTsol

5.12 sol-gelsol-gel. 1.2.3.

. sol-gel

sol-gelBaTiO31.Ba + 2C3H7OH Ba(OC3H7)2 + H2TiCl4 + 4C3H7OH + 4NH3 Ti(OC3H7)4 + 4NH4ClTi(OC3H7)4 + 4C5H11OH Ti(OC5H11)4 + 4C3H7OH2.

2h12h5-15nmBaTO3