경희대학교 컴퓨터 공학과 이승룡 교수

경희대학교 컴퓨터경희대학교 컴퓨터 공학과공학과이승룡 교수이승룡 교수

Ubiquitous Computing LaboratoryKyung Hee UniversityUbiquitous Computing LaboratoryKyung Hee University

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 소개유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 소개Fall 2009Fall 2009

http://uclab.khu.ac.kr/index.php

- 2 -

ContentsContents

Introduction1

Essential Technologies2

Ubicomp Applications3

• The Vision • Ubicomp Scenarios• Major Trends in Computing• What is Ubicomp?

• Wireless Sensor Networks• Context-aware Middleware

• Smart Home, Telematics, U-Healthcare, Military, Agriculture, Robot, Metrology & u-Government

Future Trends & Summary4

• Social Mega-trends, IT-Technology Trends, R&D Strategy in Major Countries • Summary

- 3 -

ContentsContents

Introduction1








- 4 -

The Major Trends in ComputingThe Major Trends in Computing

Picture from Prof. Mattern, Porquerolles

- 5 -

Yesterday's Computers Filled RoomsYesterday's Computers Filled Rooms

- 6 -

… So Will Tomorrow’s… So Will Tomorrow’s

- 7 -

The VisionThe Vision

Mark Weiser (1952 – 1999) XEROX PARC

“Palo Alto Research Center”http://www.parc.xerox.com

“In the 21st century the technology revolution will move into the everyday, the small and the invisible…“Mark Weiser, 1988

“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it”Mark Weiser, 1991

- 8 -

• computing everywhere

• many embedded, wearable, handheld devices communicate transparently to provide different services to the users

• devices mostly have low power and short-range wireless communication capabilities

• devices utilize multiple on-board sensors to gather information about surrounding environments

What is UbicompWhat is Ubicomp

- 9 -

ContentsContents

Introduction1








- 10 -

Essential TechnologiesEssential Technologies

Hardware technologies Processors, memories, … (Wireless) networking Sensors, actuators Power Packing and integration Potentially: entirely new technologies (optoelectronics,

biomaterials) Software technologies

Operating environments Networking Context-aware Middleware Platform technologies User interfaces

Today’s focus

- 11 -

Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks

- 12 -

Wireless Sensor Network Infrastructure

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

- 13 -

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

A network of small, battery-powered, wireless computing devices

Capabilities: Processing Sensing Communication

- 14 -

WSN ConstraintsWSN Constraints

Limited processingLimited memoryLimited batteryLimited radio rangeLimited powerA miniature computing device

Sensors

Processor

Radio

Storage

Power

- 15 -

WSN Sensing CapabilitiesWSN Sensing Capabilities

Temperature, light sensorsRadiation sensorsAcoustic sensorsMotion sensorsCameras, microphones A temperature

sensor

- 16 -

WSN ApplicationsWSN Applications

Monitoring For scientific applications in remote areas

Surveillance and tracking

“Smart” environments Smart homes Smart office

- 17 -

WSN ChallengesWSN Challenges

Tradeoff between performance and network lifetime

Resource friendly protocols For example: routing

Scalability Nodes can become

arbitrarily largeDifferent devices in the same

network (Heterogeneity)Security and privacy

- 18 -

Context-aware Middleware

Context-aware Middleware

- 19 -

ContextContext

- 20 -

What is context?What is context?

Context is ANY INFORMATION that can be used to CHARACTERIZE the SITUATION of an ENTITY (5W 1H).

For example, the engine of a car is running or stopped.

• ENTITY – Car’s engine,

• CONTEXT- Stopped or Running

- 21 -

Low and High level contextsLow and High level contexts

Low level Contexts: Time, noise level, temperature, nearby object, network bandwidth, LOCATION etc. Or SENSED CONTEXTS

Defined Contexts: user profile, schedule,…

High level Contexts: User’s current activity, emotions, rationality, intelligence etc… Or DEDUCED/INFERRED CONTEXTS

- 22 -

Context-Aware MiddlewareContext-Aware Middleware

Sensing: numerical extracted features

Perception: symbolic observables

Context and Situation Identification

Context Usage

Pri

va

cy

/Se

cu

rity

/Tru

st

Dis

co

ve

ry/R

ec

ov

ery

Co

nte

xt

His

tory

Levels of abstraction for a general-purpose infrastructure for context-aware computing

• Steps in processing context – Sensing technologies, gathering sensed context data,

sensor data fusion– Modeling & storing context data, – Reasoning/inferring & learning, and– Delivering/disseminating the inferred contexts to applications

- 23 -

Context-aware MiddlewareContext-aware Middleware

Designating those steps to Middleware will: Free the application developer from underlying tasks:

Let him focus on implementing application logic Reusability: built once – used by everyone Separation of concerns: Context-aware Middleware

decouples application layer with lower layers => more efficient to develop

- 24 -


- 25 -Ubiquitous Computing LAB (25/100)

Our proposed ArchitectureOur proposed Architecture

Context-Aware

Middleware for

Ubicomp

Systems

More details could be found in our research papers and technical reports

- 26 -


FTSManagerTuple Space

Tuple Space

FCMapping

CDManager

FCMDataMngr

Mgr. Hardware Abstraction Layer

Drivers

FXA

Feature OntologyLocationSensor DataSensed valuesFeature TuplesFeature Context markupsContext data

System Admin

CACACA REManager RERERE

CDelivery Manager

App App App App

register

lookup

Internal DB

Configuration data

Raw data from sensor

Feature tuple

Context Object(low level contexts)

Context Object(low and high level contexts)

Context repository

Context markups

- 27 -Ubiquitous Computing LAB

Sample DataflowSample Dataflow

FEATURE : Unified format of data from sensors <sensorTypeID, featureTypeID, sensorID, quantizedLevel,

value, probability, timestamp> Ex : <6,1,1,null,105,1,20041210120000> RFIDTagID = 105, from sensor #1,

probability=1, timestamp=20041210120000 The feature is mapped into context markup

<RFIDTag><value>105</value><probability>1</probability><timestamp>20041210120000</timestamp>

<RFIDTag> Combining many kinds of features with the data about users, sensors, places, using

some reasoning mechanism, the system can infer the location of user<Person resource=“http://hs.ac.kr/doctors#doctorA ”>

<locatedIn resource=“http://hs.ac.kr/rooms#room125”/></Person>

The location info will be saved in the context repository, and can be delivered to the applications/services by Location Context Aggregator

The system can also use reasoning to infer higher-level contexts, such as user’s activities, based on location, user’s intention and the environment features, then provides some smart services.

Ubiquitous Computing LAB(28/100)

Key characteristics of CAMUS• Support for heterogeneous and distributed

sensing agents– Unified Sensing Framework: data structure & access

interface– Make it easy to incrementally deploy new sensors and

context-aware services in the environment – Autonomic Sensing Agents are being developed

• Provide different kinds of context classification mechanisms– Pluggable engines– Different mechanisms have different power, expressiveness

and decidability properties– Rules written in different types of logic (first order logic,

description logic, temporal/spatial logic, fuzzy logic, etc.) – Probabilistic-based reasoning mechanisms, e.g Bayesian

nets– Data mining & User Preference Learning are being

investigated


Key characteristics of CAMUS (cont)

• Follow a formal context model using ontology– Using OWL – To enable syntactic and semantic interoperability, and

knowledge sharing between different domains • Dealing with uncertainty to enhance the

quality of context– A really challenge for system usability– We deal with uncertainty in all levels: sensor data

(probability attribute associated with feature value), context data (probabilistic reasoners, & modeling uncertainty being developed)


Key characteristics of CAMUS (cont)

• Service Discovery & Delivery– Semantic Matchmaking & Policy based Autonomic Access

Control• Privacy policy and security mechanism

– Trust-based Security Infrastructure• Facilitate for applications to specify different

behaviors in different contexts easily– Graphical development tool to ease developers in writing

context-aware app.– Will be developed along with the application scenarios

(smart spaces)

- 31 -

Context-Aware ApplicationsContext-Aware Applications

What is “Context-aware” Application? An application's ability to detect and react to

environment variables

Some examples Telephone forwarding Turn off cell phone in theaters, meeting… Automatically adjust brightness / volume Multimedia / Bandwidth adaptation Smart Homes

- 32 -

ContentsContents

Introduction1








- 33 -

19th Cenrury Elementary tasks based on Human Capability &

Flexibility

Smart Home Perspective .... a new kind of service delivery environment providing value to the consumer

Smart Home Perspective .... a new kind of service delivery environment providing value to the consumer

20th Century Functional System Integration makes life easier

21st Century Integration of

comprehensive Living Environment

Smart HomeSmart Home

- 34 -

Smart Home ScenarioSmart Home Scenario

Motes gather information about activities of daily living for monitoring by a caregiver. This increases client independence and permits reduction of number of full-time caregiving staff.

(source: Ross, 2004, IEEE Spectrum online)

- 35 -

TelematicsTelematics

Telematics is a combination of telemetry (receiving measurements from Global Positioning Satellites as data, communicated via the GSM network) and informatics (interpretation and distribution of information).

Telematics incorporates the latest advances in Internet, geo-positioning, software and cellular technologies to assist drivers and vehicle owners.

Telematics creates the ability to manage vehicles from the Internet or cell phone linked to backup emergency services.

- 36 -36

Telematics in KoreaTelematics in Korea

Travel/Traffic(Shortcut information)

V-Shop(Local specialty)

Cultural event

Entertainment(Stock trading)

A 코스

B 코스C 코스

Leisure(Climbing)

$$

$ : charged

Leisure(Weather)

Leisure(Golf)

Entertainment(Karaoke) $$

Entertainment(Game)

$$

Travel/Traffic(Traffic information)

Travel/Traffic(Accommodation)

Travel/Traffic(Sightseeing)

Emergency rescue(vehicle location information)

GPS satellinte

Telematics service (multimedia contents etc.)

Wireless LANWLAN AP

Telematics service (text etc.)

CDMA 1x (EvDO)

CDMA station

Telematics Service CenterTelematics Service Center

Je-Ju culture

V-Shop

Leisure

Trave/Traffic

Weather

Je-Ju ITS Center

Je-JuAlready made contents

Entertainment

Cyber Je-Ju(http://cyber.jeju.go.kr)E Je-Ju Mall(http://www.ejeju.net)Cyber Samdaguan

Contents provider

Climbing, Golf, Fishing, Karaoke, Game, MP3, Stock trading, Weather

Vehicle controlVehicle controlJe-Ju119

Vehicle and emergency call control

Emergency callEmergency call

Emergency rescue(linking with 119)

Telematics Telematics terminalterminal

Emergent going out order

Je-Ju Island Pilot Project OverviewJe-Ju Island Pilot Project Overview

Source: Stacy Kang, “The Current Status of Telematics in Korea”, KOTBA, 6 Jun 2005.

http://cyber.jeju.go.kr/

http://www.ejeju.net/

- 37 -

Ubiquitous HealthcareUbiquitous Healthcare

Expansion of supplier and consumer

Expansion of time and space

Various services

Reduction of cost

Daily healthcare

- 38 -

MilitaryMilitary

WSN in Military Asset monitoring and

management Surveillance and battle-

space monitoring: Vibration and magnetic sensors can report vehicle and personnel movement, permitting close surveillance of opposing forces

Urban warfare: monitoring movement of enemy in buildings for snipers

Protection for sensitive objects: detect and warning intruders.

- 39 -

Agriculture & Environmental MonitoringAgriculture & Environmental Monitoring

Precision Agriculture Monitoring soil, crop and

climate in a field Generalizing the results to a

decision support system Taking real-time action:

fertilizer, lime, pesticide, tillage…

Environmental Monitoring Monitoring of freshwater

quality Zebranet: tracking the

movement of zebras in Africa (The Zebranet project at Princeton)

Disaster detection: early detect forest fire and floods

- 40 -

Bio-MetrologyBio-Metrology

중앙 기상 서버1.사용자로부터 기상 정보 습득2.모바일 단말기로 기상정보 전달3.인터넷을 통해 기상정보 제공

환경 센서 (SCS)1.사용자 주변의 환경 정보를 습득하여 모바일 단말기로 전달2.다양한 환경정보 ( 기온 , 습도 , UV 등 )의 습득이 가능

인터넷을 통해 기상정보 제공1.사용자가 온라인으로 기상정보를 제공받음2.현재 기상에 관한 상세한 정보를 비롯 예보 정보 습득

모바일 이동단말 (MHD)1.센서로부터 전달받은 데이터를 기반으로 사용자에게 실시간 정보 제공2.중앙기상서버로 데이터를 전달하여 , 기상정보의 가공 및 다양한 어플리케이션으로 응용

사용자

사용자

사용자

SCS(Smart Cooperative Sensor)

SCS

MHD(Mobile Hand-held Device)

Back-end Server

SCO(Smart Cooperative Object)

MHD

BcN(IP Based Core Network)

CellularPCS

WiredComm.

IMT20003G/4G

FTTH+xDSL DMB

Satellite

WiBroHSDPA

WirelessLANWireless

PAN

- 41 -

u-Robotu-Robot

20062006 20102010

홈서비스용

로봇

실버 라이프▪

케어로봇

사회안전▪

국방 로봇

20152015

청소 , 교육용 로봇

재난극복 인명구조 ▪

로봇

자동차제조용 로봇

인간과 공존 – 정리정돈 /심부름 로봇

응용분야 확대 – 실내외경비 /소형투척형 로봇

협업 /지능화 – 초정밀제조용 /초정밀바이오 로봇

초정밀▪초소형

제조 로봇

헬스케어 로봇 노약자지원 – 실버메이트 /신체지원 로봇

- 42 -

u-Government (u-Seoul)u-Government (u-Seoul)

InfraInfra

시민사회

정부조직

기업조직

세계체제

SVCSVCU- 복지U- 복지 U- 교육U- 교육 U- 환경U- 환경 U- 안전U- 안전 U- 레저U- 레저U- 교통U- 교통

BroadbandBroadband MobileMobile GISGIS RFIDRFID IPv6IPv6

U- 문화U- 문화

- 43 -

ContentsContents

Introduction1








- 44 -

저출산 /고령화 : 사회 /의료 /복지 비용증가 , 지식 산업의 고도화 , 이민자 증가 , 정체성 혼란

핵 가족 재분화 : Family Value 증가 , 가족단위 사회구조 증가 신 모계사회 : 정치 /경제 /문화 영역에서 여성 파워 증가 , 여성의 사회진출 확대 및 경제력 향상

인구 구조인구 구조

유비티즌의 보편화 : Web 2.0, 참여 /개방 /공유 문화 확산 , Social Networks 개인주의 만연 : 개인의 개성 /창의력 중시 , 개인지향 사회 법제도 및 시스템 확대

사회 가치사회 가치

삶의 질 추구 : 삶의 질 추구 가치관 확산 , 행복의 조건이 안전하며 /즐겁고 /윤택하며 /건강한 삶

경험 감성 중시 : 문화의 중요성 확산 , Fun 추구 , 감성 /디자인 /엔터테인먼트 산업 활성화

라이프스타일라이프스타일

Glocalization: WTO 와 FTA 의 공존 , 국가간 글로벌 역할 분담 및 공존 환경 자원의 지배 : BRIC 등장으로 지구적 자원고갈 , 온난화 /산업화로 인한 환경 재앙

글로벌 환경글로벌 환경

Social Mega-TrendsSocial Mega-Trends

유비쿼터스 기술 : 디지털 르네상스의 촉매제 , 새로운 기술 /산업 /사회 /문명 창출 촉진 융합 기술 : 이기종 기술 및 산업간의 융합화 가속

기술 혁명기술 혁명

- 45 -

IT-Technology TrendsIT-Technology Trends

통신기기

디지털 & 모바일

디지털 컨버전스

가전기기 정보기기

DMB폰 멀티미디어PDA

PMP

UMPC

차세대 디지털 컨버전스

인텔리전트 디바이스 컨버전스

네트워크/서비스 컨버전스 디지털신기술 컨버전스

실감형 DTV

스마트 정보단말

감성형 Smart홈 단말

Now

디지털 에코

디지털 바이오디지털 나노

VoIP

IPTV

모바일 IPTV

- 46 -

u-Convergenceu-Convergence

디지털융합

디지털디지털나노나노

디지털디지털에코에코

디지털디지털바이오바이오

디지털디지털나노나노

디지털디지털에코에코

디지털디지털바이오바이오

바이오 단말기

인체기능 검진기기

감염성 질환검출

홈 헬스케어

저전력 기기

파워 매니지먼트

환경모니터링

대체 에너지

차내 공기제어시스템

충돌방지 시스템

Vehicle 네트워크시스템

자율주행 시스템

Manipulation 시스템

재난방재/극한작업

Micro Factory

Plasma 공기정화

빌트인타입광전변환소자

나노광원소자

차세대 시각센서

생체신호 스캔

Printed Electronics

나노 RF 부품기술

생활환경 센싱

디지털텔레매트릭스

디지털신기술

컨버전스편리 안전

건강

- 47 -

R&D Strategy in Major CountriesR&D Strategy in Major CountriesR&D Strategy in Major CountriesR&D Strategy in Major Countries

- 48 -

SummarySummary

• 창조적 지식혁신 인재 창조적 지식혁신 인재 (( 과학인과학인 ))• 글로벌 마인드를 지닌 인재 글로벌 마인드를 지닌 인재 (( 국제인국제인 ))• 문화창조 능력을 보유한 인재 문화창조 능력을 보유한 인재 (( 문화인문화인 ))

• 창조적 지식혁신 인재 창조적 지식혁신 인재 (( 과학인과학인 ))• 글로벌 마인드를 지닌 인재 글로벌 마인드를 지닌 인재 (( 국제인국제인 ))• 문화창조 능력을 보유한 인재 문화창조 능력을 보유한 인재 (( 문화인문화인 ))

비전비전(( 삶의 지향삶의 지향 ))

비전비전(( 삶의 지향삶의 지향 ))

Ubiquitous Ubiquitous 르네상스 르네상스 <-> 21<-> 21 세기 문명세기 문명Ubiquitous Ubiquitous 르네상스 르네상스 <-> 21<-> 21 세기 문명세기 문명

기술독점 /지적재산권

분쟁

기술독점 /지적재산권

분쟁

환경오염가속화

환경오염가속화

인간중심 /수요자중심인간중심 /수요자중심

에너지위기

에너지위기

양극화심화

양극화심화

BRICs등장

BRICs등장

고령화인구감소고령화

인구감소

세계화세계화

종교 /인종갈등

종교 /인종갈등

외부환경외부환경 : : 위기와 도전위기와 도전외부환경외부환경 : :

위기와 도전위기와 도전

2121 세기 선진 국가세기 선진 국가 2121 세기 선진 국가세기 선진 국가

인재강국인재강국

기술강국기술강국

문화강국문화강국

환경강국환경강국

산업강국산업강국

U-KoreaU-KoreaU-KoreaU-Korea

유비쿼터스사회유비쿼터스사회유비쿼터스사회유비쿼터스사회개방개방 , , 공유공유 , , 참여사회참여사회개방개방 , , 공유공유 , , 참여사회참여사회 인간중심사회인간중심사회인간중심사회인간중심사회

국가 경쟁력 국가 경쟁력 강화 목표강화 목표

국가 경쟁력 국가 경쟁력 강화 목표강화 목표

2121 세기세기사회 파라다임사회 파라다임

2121 세기세기사회 파라다임사회 파라다임

지식정보화 사회지식정보화 사회지식정보화 사회지식정보화 사회 신 성장동력 산업신 성장동력 산업신 성장동력 산업신 성장동력 산업

Social NetworkSocial

Network

경희대학교 컴퓨터 공학과 이승룡 교수

Documents

Transcript of 경희대학교 컴퓨터 공학과 이승룡 교수