brief introduction

Structures and Phases of ferroelectric polymers

Xiaojing ZhuSupervisor: Mike John Reece

Emiliano Bilotti

Outlines• Structures and Phases of PVDF

– α phase– αII(δ) phase– β phase– γ phase

• Phases of P(VDF/TrFE)

TT (all-trans)β-PVDFLT-P(VDF/TrFE)

TG+TG- (trans-gauche)α-PVDF

TTTTG+TTTG- (T3G+T3G-)γ-PVDFHT-P(VDF/TrFE)

Conformation of PVDF

Conformation of PVDF from C axis

Fig. Crystal structures of PVDFK.Tahiro et al., Phase Trans, Vol. 18,217(1989)

α Phase

arrows indicate the dipole direction normal to carbon chains

A.J.Lovinger. Ferroelectric Polymers. Science, Vol220:1116(1983)

αII (δ) Phase

A.J.Lovinger. Ferroelectric Polymers. Science, Vol220:1116(1983)

β Phase

Figure. β phase structure

Fig2. CF2 group zigzags

A.J.Lovinger. Ferroelectric Polymers. Science, Vol220:1116(1983)Ferroelectric Polymer Book

γ Phase

K.Tahiro et al., Phase Trans, Vol. 18,217(1989)

Conformation of PVDF from a-b plane

Process of PVDF

Form I β Form III γ

Form II α

Form IIp δ

MeltSolution

high-temperature annealing

high-pressure quenching

casting from DMA

slow cooling

drawing

casting from HMPTA casting from

acetone

polingpoling

high-temperature annealing

drawing

Fig. Interconversion between crystal modificationsK.Tahiro et al., Phase Trans, Vol. 18,217(1989)

Phase diagram for VDF/TrFE ratio copolymer(○:melting point;●:crystallization point, Δ:Curie point on heating; :Curie point on ▲cooling; □:ferroelectric-to-anti-ferroelectric transition point)

T. Furukawa .Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.71-72.183-208(1997)

Copolymer P(VDF/TrFE)

Phases of P(VDF/TrFE)

TT IR Spectra

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400Wavenumber/cm-1

Fig. infrared spectra of PVDF forms I and III

1280840

TGTG- in IR Spectra

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400Wavenumber/cm-1

Fig. infrared spectra of PVDF forms II and III

776 610 532

T3G+T3G- IR Spectra

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400Wavenumber/cm-1

Fig. infrared spectra of PVDF forms cast III and III

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