A Brief Introduction of Speech

Lesson 1

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What is a speech?

A speech is a formal talk that a person gives to the audience.

-------- Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary

演讲，是演讲者面对广大观众，以口头语言为主要形式、非口头语言为辅助形式，就某一问题发表自己的意见，或阐述某一事理，并相互交流信息的真实的社会活动过程。

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Key Elements of a speech

演讲者 speechmaker

听众 audience

沟通二者的媒介 medium

时间 time

环境 environment

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Vehicles of a speech

有声语言 vocal language 吐字清楚、准确、声音清亮、圆润、甜美，

语气、语调、声音、节奏富于变化。

态势语言 posture 准确、鲜明、自然、协调

主体形象 image 朴素、得体、优雅、大方

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Types of speeches

即兴演讲 impromptu speech

临场演讲 extemporaneous speech

照稿宣读 reading from manuscript

背诵式演讲 memorized speech

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Differences Between Chinese speeches & English Speeches

结构布局 开篇：拐弯抹角 vs. 开宗明义 结尾：连串呼吁 vs. 简要概括

遣词造句 成语、引语 vs. 摆事实、讲道理

语气态度 谦虚 vs. 自信 管教式 vs. 亲切式

How to improve pronunciation through English songs

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Listening to English Songs

In what ways do you think can English songs help your speech?

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Listening to English Songs

MusicMusic

BB

EE

CC

DD

AASpeed up your learning process

Phonetics

Fluency

Western Culture Slang and colloquial expressions

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Phonetics

PhoneticsLink-upsWeak forms Incomplete

explosions

I knew I /wai/thought you /tju:/friend I /dai/hear it /ri/think about /kabaut/had a lot of had a sense of

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LOGOLink-ups:consonant-vowel e.g. think about it; night and; wings and…

Vowel-vowele.g. fly away; do it…

/r/-vowele.g. here and there; far across

Phonetics

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LOGO I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.

I think about it every night and day, spread my wings and fly away

I believe I can soar. I see me running through that open

door. I believe I can fly.

Phonetics

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Phonetics

Week forms:虚词中的元音弱化为半元音 /ə /e.g. the, a, and, to, of…

虚词末尾的辅音会被省去e.g. and /ən /…

代词在句中出现时，词首辅音也可能被省去e.g. his /is/, her /ə / …

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LOGO Far across the distance and spaces

between us. You have come to show you go on.

Weak forms: across, the , and -------- “My Heart Will Go On”

Phonetics

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Phonetics

Incomplete explosion:/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 这六个爆破音中任何两个因素

相邻时，前者发不完全爆破音，后者则要完全爆破 e.g. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you!

爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 在 /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /θ/ /ð/ 的前面时发不完全爆破

e.g. Have you rea(d) the book abou(t) tha(t) child.

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Phonetics

Incomplete explosion:

爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 在 /m/ /n/ /l/ /s/ 前面不爆破

e.g. They are very frien(d)ly to us.

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LOGOBe my bad boy, be my manBe my week-end loverBut don’t be my friendYou can be my bad boy but understandThat I don’t need you in my life again

-------- “Bad Boy”

Phonetics

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Fluency

Fluency Rhythm Intonation Flow

Example: rap

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Slang and colloquial expressions

“My Best was Never Good Enough” Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意时。 （风水轮流转）

Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗中总有一丝光明。 （祸兮福所倚）

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Slang and colloquial expressions

ain’t: a contraction for ‘am not’, ‘has not’, and ‘have not’wanna: ‘want to’ or ‘want a’ gonna ‘going to’gotta: ‘got to’oughta: ought toya: you

Attention: these colloquial expressions are commonly heard in songs, but they are neither formal oral English nor written English.

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Western Culture

Different music styles reveal different parts of western culture and represent different groups or classes of people. R&B (Rhythm & Blues) Babyface; Ne-yo; Beyonce; Brandy…

Rock & Roll Joan Jett; Mettallica…

Jazz Diana Krall; Michael Buble…

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Western Culture

Rap

Snoopy Dog; 50cent; … Musical

High School Musical; Mama Mia… Folk

Ladybird; Karen Ann… Hip-hop

Public Enemy; Eminen; Justin Bieber…

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Listen to an English song

“You Raise Me UP” It was sung by Brian Kenney for the first

time. So far, it has been sung by at least 100 singers all over the world and transcribed in 125 languages. Nowadays, the version sung by the Westlife may be the most popular one.

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You Raise Me Up

Extensive Listening: What does this song express? When I am down and, oh my soul, so

weary; When troubles come and my heart

burdened be; Then, I am still and wait here in the

silence, Until you come and sit awhile with

me.

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You Raise Me Up

Intensive Listening: Please write down refrain. You raise me up, so I can stand on

mountains; You raise me up, to walk on stormy

seas; I am strong, when I am on your

shoulders; You raise me up: To more than I can

be.

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Homework for this week

1. Finish the remaining exercises in Unit 9.

2. Finish the listening and oral exercises on BB for Week 11.

3. Keep your listening log.

Thank you!