Top 25 Must Know Facts
For the Biology Midterm
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Biology
• Is the study of life– Branches include
• Zoology• Botany• Anatomy• Genetics
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Metric System
• Based on 10’s– Used by scientists because its simplier,
and so everyone uses a common system• Mass- grams• Volume- liters• Distance- meters
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Taxonomy
• Is the study of classification
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Life
• There are five key characteristics of life– Made of cells– Growth– Response to stimuli– Adapts to environment– Reproduces QuickTime™ and a
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Atoms
• Atoms have three main parts– Proton– Neutrons– Electrons
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Water
• Is the universal solvent– Because it dissolves so many things
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More water…
• Hydrophilic– Likes water
• Hydrophobic• Fears water
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pH• pH scale measures acids and bases
– >7 is a base– <7 is an acid– 7 is neutral
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Macromolecules
• There are three main macromolecules– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Fats
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Carbs• Carbohydrates are simple sugars
– They are used for energy• Plants use them for structure
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Proteins
• Proteins are made of amino acids– Used for many things in the body
• Hair• Enzymes• Muscle• Skin QuickTime™ and a
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Lipids
• Fats– Used for energy storage, insulation,
cushioning, and cell membranes
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Cells
• Eukaryotes have organelles• Prokaryotes have no organelles
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Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell– Makes ATP
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Nucleus
• Contains DNA
Ribosomes
• Make proteins
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Cell membrane
• Made out of phospholipds– Controls what enters and leaves the cell– Contains proteins that help transport things
across
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Plant Cells
• Unlike animal cells, have cell walls and chloroplasts.
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Water Balance
• Hypotonic–Solution outside cel has too little salt (High
water conc.)• Cell can burst
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Water Balance
•Hypertonic–Solution outside cell has too much salt
»Cell will shrivel up
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Water Balance (Last slide for Bio)
• Isotonic– Solute inside/outside cell is in balance
• Animal cells like this
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Enzymes
• Are made of proteins– Catalyze chemical reactions– Function depends on shape
Photosynthesis
• Plants make sugar from sunlight and air– Needs: Carbon Dioxide, Water, Sunlight– Makes: Sugar, oxygen
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Respiration• Both plants and animals
– Takes Place in mitochondria– Makes ATP from glucose– Carbon dioxide is waste product
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