Trends and challengesin the dawn of Internet of Things EraALEXANDRU IOVANOVICIPOLITEHNICA UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARAADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND ARCHITECTURES LABORATORY

Songdo, South Korea first of its kind fully equipped and wired smart city $40 billion in 10 years;

What is IoT ? uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an

Internet-like structure [Ashton99] “[…] the expanding interconnectedness of smart devices, ranging

from sensors in your shoe to jet engine monitors” [BusinessWeek] Each object can be connected via other objects (usually via third party)

to exchange data. Roots in the M2M.

The third age of the Internet

State of IoT

What do we need ?Key enabling technologies

RFID NFC Barcodes 2D codes: QR … or the more obscure ones: Aztec, Data Matrix, HCCB,

PDF417 Digital watermarking: adding auth. data to a “signal”; IPv6: there would be more IP addresses available than things.

“Every screen variant, mobile chip, and sensor known to man has been tuned to work with Android” – [Jim Zemlin, Linux Foundation]

IoT @ Google

Bluetooth Smart (Low Energy)

“Where as classic Bluetooth devices measure their battery life in hours, Bluetooth Smart devices measure their battery in months or even years”

- proximity detection- vitals monitoring

Implementation … issues

Lack of standardization; Size: it’s going to be huge. From 50 to 100 trillion of moving

things [Waldner 2007]; Time constraints: “extremely hard real-time system”: billion of

simultaneous events. Position tracking: things have to know their neighbors and

interact to them. The shear quantity of data is way above what we can

process now … or not !?

Internet of Isolated Things

Systems running on a smaller scale: size and area; Informationally isolated to the “big IoT” private

networks; Such as:

Home automation; Industrial control; Safety critical systems.

Hard stuff -;) Bluetooth via Amarino Android IOIO

Indoor locationiBeacon

Indoor spaces lack GPS and have poor GSM location; “technology revolution that will rival the invention of the mouse and the

graphical user interface […]” [smh.com.au, ] “Developers scramble to build services on top of beacons, analytics on top of

services, and brilliant user experiences and strategy at the top of the pyramid.” [beekn.net]

http://estimote.com/

iBeacon technology

Bluetooth 4.0 (LE) Geofencing three zones

Immediate: cm range (like NFC); Near: a few meters Far: more than 10 m

Micro-location awareness “Apple iBeacons: With great power comes great potential to

annoy” [ZDNet] iOS 7.1 : iBeacon is “opt-out” instead of “opt-in”

Beacons only transmit data apps. track people

πBeaconA Raspberry PiA Bluetooth 4.0 USB Module: compatible BlueZA iOS 7.0 + Beacon Toolkit App Store to test with

• goo.gl/W7a16C• http://www.bluez.org/• Radius Networks' Android iBeacon Service library

Industrial IoT - IIoT Echelon IzoT; Ex:

variable-speed compressor technology;  25–35% efficiency boost (Emerson) Connect Nest with building scale air conditioning 1979 Modbus !!!

grid stabilization services 16$ billion market (vcharge-energy.com) Automatic control of all devices during peak demands in the grid;

“The Internet of Everything for cities” [CISCO, 2013] Weishaupt,200,000 BTU/hr 37,000,000

BTU/hr

Threats“internet of things holds

promises but it also holds dangers” [Rob van Kraneburg, 2011]

“the intelligence community views Internet of Things as a rich source of data” [Ackerman, 2012]

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