Download - PPPPPPISSIONS x · /xJZx5g 0xour /xZxxx syringex /xZx5x xx /xZxxx xxysis /xZxxx xline /x5Zxxx0xl /x&Zx5xx /8 /xz /xV /xN /xKZxKx0xxnge Introduction: 0xxxxxT0(xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x/x

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Page 1: PPPPPPISSIONS x · /xJZx5g 0xour /xZxxx syringex /xZx5x xx /xZxxx xxysis /xZxxx xline /x5Zxxx0xl /x&Zx5xx /8 /xz /xV /xN /xKZxKx0xxnge Introduction: 0xxxxxT0(xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x/x

Fig/xJZx5ollectinge0cigxvapour

Fig/xEZxPushingxthroughxsyringexfilter

Fig/xFZx5ondensatexonxcoffeexfilter

Fig/xGZxPreparedxsamplesxforxbeamtimexanalysis

Fig/xHZxPlacingxsamplesxinxbeamline

Fig/x5ZxExtractedxusedxe0cigxcoil

Fig/x&Zx5ollectingxcigarettexsmoke

Fig/8 Fig/xz

Fig/xV Fig/xN

Fig/xKZxKnxe0cigxandxsyringe

Introduction:0ThexusexofxelectronicxcigarettesxTe0cigs(xisxrisingxamongxyouthxandxadultsxatxaxrapidxratexasxmanyxpeoplexfeelxtheyxarexharmless/x0Thisxstudyxwasxcarriedxoutxtoxexaminexthexpotentialxchemicalxdangersxofxthexe0cigsxvaporxinhaledxbyxthexsmoker/0Thexe0juicexsamplesxT,xmgLmLjx8XxmgLmLxnicotine(xandxvaporizationxtemperaturexTV/VVjxN/VV(xwerexexaminedxtoxidentifyxthexspeciationxofxmetalsxinxthexe0cigxvapor/0Nichromexcoatingsxarexcommonlyxusedxonxe0cigxcoilsxandxdegradexasxthexheatxvaporizesxthexmetallicxNixandx5rxcoatings/0LongxtermxexposurextoxNizwxcanxincreasexhealthxrisksxandxpotentiallyxleadxtoxdeath/

Hypothesis:0ThexvaporizationxtemperaturexandxnicotinexlevelsxwillxaffectxthexspeciationxandxconcentrationxTconc/(xofxmetalsxwithinxthexaerosol/

Objectives:0Jeterminexchemicalxelementsxinxe0cigxvapor/0Jeterminexifxe0cigsxresultxinxthexformationxofxpotentiallyxharmfulmetalxspecies/0Knalyzexthexeffectsxofxvaporizationxtemperaturexandxnicotinexlevelsxonxmetalxspeciationxinxthexaerosol/05omparexpresencexofxelementsxandxmetalxspeciationxbetweenx“regular”xcigarettesxandxe0cigs/

Results:P0XRFxscansxofxallxsamplesxindicatedxtracexamountsxofxNijxZnxandx5r/xTFig/x8xandxz/(05rxwasxpresentxinxe0cigsxsamplesxbutxnotxpresentxinxregularxcigarettexsamples/0XKNESxindicatexthexpresencexofxzincxoxalatexinxthexvapor/xTFig/xV(0XKNESxofxe0cigsxvaporxindicatexthexpresencexofxNizwxinxthexformxofxanxoxide/xTFig/xN(

Conclusion:P0PresencexofxZnxinxthexvaporxdoesxnotxappearxtoxbexaxhealthxconcern/0Nixfoundxinxthexvaporxwasxaxresultxofxheatingxthexnichromexcoilxofxthexe0cig/x0MetallicxnickelxTNi,(xfromxthexcoilxchangesxintoxNiOxTNizw(xwhenxheated/0Prolongedxexposurextoxe0cigxvaporxwithxNizwcouldxbexharmful/0Increasedxvoltagexresultsxinxgreaterxamountsxofxvaporxemitted/xThereforejxvaporizingxatxhigherxvoltagesxmayxresultxinxmorexNizwemitted/

FuturePResearch:05onductxresearchxdeterminingxhowxnicotinexconcentrationxaffectxthexconcentrationxofxNiOxemitted/x0ObtainxquantitativexdataxonxconcentrationsxofxelementsxpresentxinxthexvaporjxspecificallyxNi/0Jeterminexwhetherxdifferentxflavorsxofxe0juicexaffectxmetalxspeciation/0Samplexaxwiderxarrayxofxe0cigsxtoxdeterminexanyxvariancexinxthexpresencexofxNixinxthexvaporxduextoxdifferencesxinxthexcoils/

Acknowledgments:PWexwouldxlikextoxthankxthex5LSxusersxofficejxNSER5xPromosciencejx&/x&illinghurstjx&/x5raig/xP/xHumbertjxJ/xKorberxandxP/xMalhi/

Procedure:0Twoxe0cigsxTsetxatxV/VxVxandxN/VxV(xwerexfilledxwithxe0juicexT,xmgLmlx4x8XxmgLmlxofxnicotine(xproducingxvaporxgatheredxwithxV+xmlxsyringes/xTFig/xK(05ollectedxvaporxandxcondensatexfromxe0cigxandxsmokexfromxregularxcigarettexwerexreleasedxthroughxaxsyringexfilterxintoxpetrixdishesxcontainingxcoffeexfiltersxandxthexfiltersxwerexleftxtoxdry/xTFig/x&jxJjxExandxF(05ondensatejxe0juicejxregularxcigarettesjxandxe0cigsxcoilsxexaminedxwithxIJEKSxbeamlinexusingxX0rayxfluorescencexTXRF(/xTFig/x5(0NickelxandxZincxlevelsxwerexfurtherxanalyzedxthroughxX0rayxKbsorptionxNearxEdgexSpectroscopyxTXKNES(/xTFig/xGxandxH(x

Analysis:P0Znxwasxpresentxinxsamplesxwhichxcamexintoxcontactxwithxe0juicexTFig/x8xandxz(0IncreasingxvoltagexTV/VVxtoxN/VV(xandxnicotinexconc/xT,xmgLmLxtox8XxmgLmL(xincreasedxconc/xofxZnxTFig/xV(0xXRFxstartingxresultsxshowxNixonlyxpresentxinxe0cigxcoil/xTFig/8(0E0cigxvaporxcontainedxNiO/xTFig/xz(xx0Nixcontentxwasxhigherxinxe0cigsxvaporxthanxtobaccoxcigarettexsmoke/xTFig/xN(x0IncreasedxvoltagexTV/VVxtoxN/VV(xandxlowxnicotinexconcentrationsxT,xgLmL(xcausexaxhigherxconcentrationxofxNizwxtoxbexreleasedxinxthexvapor/xTFig/xN(

xT/xFengjxR/xHassanjxK/xKhanjxM/xKorberjxK/xLiujxxJ/xMalhijx&/xPauljxP/xRawaljxJ/xShevtsovjxL/xXiejx

S/x&rayjx&/x5raigjxT/xRiouxx0xEvanxHardyx5ollegiatejxSaskatoonjxSKJ/xJynesjxJ/xMuirjxT/xWalkerx0x5anadianxLightxSourcejxSaskatoonjxSK

APCHEMICALPANALYSISPOFPELECTRONICPCIGARETTEPEMISSIONS

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