PPPPPPISSIONS x · /xJZx5g 0xour /xZxxx syringex /xZx5x xx /xZxxx xxysis /xZxxx xline /x5Zxxx0xl...
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Fig/ J: 5ollecting e0cig vapour Fig/ E: Pushing through syringe filter Fig/ F: 5ondensate on coffee filter Fig/ G: Prepared samples for beamtime analysis Fig/ H: Placing samples in beamline Fig/ 5: Extracted used e0cig coil Fig/ &: 5ollecting cigarette smoke Fig/8 Fig/ z Fig/ V Fig/ N Fig/ K: Kn e0cig and syringe Introduction: 0The use of electronic cigarettes Te0cigs( is rising among youth and adults at a rapid rate as many people feel they are harmless/ 0This study was carried out to examine the potential chemical dangers of the e0cigs vapor inhaled by the smoker/ 0The e0juice samples T, mgLmLj 88 mgLmL nicotine( and vaporization temperature TV/VVj N/VV( were examined to identify the speciation of metals in the e0cig vapor/ 0Nichrome coatings are commonly used on e0cig coils and degrade as the heat vaporizes the metallic Ni and 5r coatings/ 0Long term exposure to Ni zw can increase health risks and potentially lead to death/ Hypothesis: 0The vaporization temperature and nicotine levels will affect the speciation and concentration Tconc/( of metals within the aerosol/ Objectives: 0Jetermine chemical elements in e0cig vapor/ 0Jetermine if e0cigs result in the formation of potentially harmful metal species/ 0Knalyze the effects of vaporization temperature and nicotine levels on metal speciation in the aerosol/ 05ompare presence of elements and metal speciation between “regular” cigarettes and e0cigs/ Results: 0XRF scans of all samples indicated trace amounts of Nij Zn and 5r/ TFig/ 8 and z/( 05r was present in e0cigs samples but not present in regular cigarette samples/ 0XKNES indicate the presence of zinc oxalate in the vapor/ TFig/ V( 0XKNES of e0cigs vapor indicate the presence of Ni zw in the form of an oxide/ TFig/ N( Conclusion: 0Presence of Zn in the vapor does not appear to be a health concern/ 0Ni found in the vapor was a result of heating the nichrome coil of the e0cig/ 0Metallic nickel TNi , ( from the coil changes into NiO TNi zw ( when heated/ 0Prolonged exposure to e0cig vapor with Ni zw could be harmful/ 0Increased voltage results in greater amounts of vapor emitted/ Thereforej vaporizing at higher voltages may result in more Ni zw emitted/ Future Research: 05onduct research determining how nicotine concentration affect the concentration of NiO emitted/ 0Obtain quantitative data on concentrations of elements present in the vaporj specifically Ni/ 0Jetermine whether different flavors of e0juice affect metal speciation/ 0Sample a wider array of e0cigs to determine any variance in the presence of Ni in the vapor due to differences in the coils/ Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the 5LS users officej NSER5 Promosciencej &/ &illinghurstj &/ 5raig/ P/ Humbertj J/ Korber and P/ Malhi/ Procedure: 0Two e0cigs Tset at V/V V and N/V V( were filled with e0juice T, mgLml 4 88 mgLml of nicotine( producing vapor gathered with V+ ml syringes/ TFig/ K( 05ollected vapor and condensate from e0cig and smoke from regular cigarette were released through a syringe filter into petri dishes containing coffee filters and the filters were left to dry/ TFig/ &j Jj E and F( 05ondensatej e0juicej regular cigarettesj and e0cigs coils examined with IJEKS beamline using X0ray fluorescence TXRF(/ TFig/ 5( 0Nickel and Zinc levels were further analyzed through X0ray Kbsorption Near Edge Spectroscopy TXKNES(/ TFig/ G and H( Analysis: 0Zn was present in samples which came into contact with e0juice TFig/ 8 and z( 0Increasing voltage TV/VV to N/VV( and nicotine conc/ T, mgLmL to 88 mgLmL( increased conc/ of Zn TFig/ V( 0 XRF starting results show Ni only present in e0cig coil/ TFig/8( 0E0cig vapor contained NiO/ TFig/ z( 0Ni content was higher in e0cigs vapor than tobacco cigarette smoke/ TFig/ N( 0Increased voltage TV/VV to N/VV( and low nicotine concentrations T, gLmL( cause a higher concentration of Ni zw to be released in the vapor/ TFig/ N( T/ Fengj R/ Hassanj K/ Khanj M/ Korberj K/ Liuj J/ Malhij &/ Paulj P/ Rawalj J/ Shevtsovj L/ Xiej S/ &rayj &/ 5raigj T/ Rioux 0 Evan Hardy 5ollegiatej Saskatoonj SK J/ Jynesj J/ Muirj T/ Walker 0 5anadian Light Sourcej Saskatoonj SK A CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE EMISSIONS
Transcript of PPPPPPISSIONS x · /xJZx5g 0xour /xZxxx syringex /xZx5x xx /xZxxx xxysis /xZxxx xline /x5Zxxx0xl...
Fig/xJZx5ollectinge0cigxvapour
Fig/xEZxPushingxthroughxsyringexfilter
Fig/xFZx5ondensatexonxcoffeexfilter
Fig/xGZxPreparedxsamplesxforxbeamtimexanalysis
Fig/xHZxPlacingxsamplesxinxbeamline
Fig/x5ZxExtractedxusedxe0cigxcoil
Fig/x&Zx5ollectingxcigarettexsmoke
Fig/8 Fig/xz
Fig/xV Fig/xN
Fig/xKZxKnxe0cigxandxsyringe
Introduction:0ThexusexofxelectronicxcigarettesxTe0cigs(xisxrisingxamongxyouthxandxadultsxatxaxrapidxratexasxmanyxpeoplexfeelxtheyxarexharmless/x0Thisxstudyxwasxcarriedxoutxtoxexaminexthexpotentialxchemicalxdangersxofxthexe0cigsxvaporxinhaledxbyxthexsmoker/0Thexe0juicexsamplesxT,xmgLmLjx8XxmgLmLxnicotine(xandxvaporizationxtemperaturexTV/VVjxN/VV(xwerexexaminedxtoxidentifyxthexspeciationxofxmetalsxinxthexe0cigxvapor/0Nichromexcoatingsxarexcommonlyxusedxonxe0cigxcoilsxandxdegradexasxthexheatxvaporizesxthexmetallicxNixandx5rxcoatings/0LongxtermxexposurextoxNizwxcanxincreasexhealthxrisksxandxpotentiallyxleadxtoxdeath/
Hypothesis:0ThexvaporizationxtemperaturexandxnicotinexlevelsxwillxaffectxthexspeciationxandxconcentrationxTconc/(xofxmetalsxwithinxthexaerosol/
Objectives:0Jeterminexchemicalxelementsxinxe0cigxvapor/0Jeterminexifxe0cigsxresultxinxthexformationxofxpotentiallyxharmfulmetalxspecies/0Knalyzexthexeffectsxofxvaporizationxtemperaturexandxnicotinexlevelsxonxmetalxspeciationxinxthexaerosol/05omparexpresencexofxelementsxandxmetalxspeciationxbetweenx“regular”xcigarettesxandxe0cigs/
Results:P0XRFxscansxofxallxsamplesxindicatedxtracexamountsxofxNijxZnxandx5r/xTFig/x8xandxz/(05rxwasxpresentxinxe0cigsxsamplesxbutxnotxpresentxinxregularxcigarettexsamples/0XKNESxindicatexthexpresencexofxzincxoxalatexinxthexvapor/xTFig/xV(0XKNESxofxe0cigsxvaporxindicatexthexpresencexofxNizwxinxthexformxofxanxoxide/xTFig/xN(
Conclusion:P0PresencexofxZnxinxthexvaporxdoesxnotxappearxtoxbexaxhealthxconcern/0Nixfoundxinxthexvaporxwasxaxresultxofxheatingxthexnichromexcoilxofxthexe0cig/x0MetallicxnickelxTNi,(xfromxthexcoilxchangesxintoxNiOxTNizw(xwhenxheated/0Prolongedxexposurextoxe0cigxvaporxwithxNizwcouldxbexharmful/0Increasedxvoltagexresultsxinxgreaterxamountsxofxvaporxemitted/xThereforejxvaporizingxatxhigherxvoltagesxmayxresultxinxmorexNizwemitted/
FuturePResearch:05onductxresearchxdeterminingxhowxnicotinexconcentrationxaffectxthexconcentrationxofxNiOxemitted/x0ObtainxquantitativexdataxonxconcentrationsxofxelementsxpresentxinxthexvaporjxspecificallyxNi/0Jeterminexwhetherxdifferentxflavorsxofxe0juicexaffectxmetalxspeciation/0Samplexaxwiderxarrayxofxe0cigsxtoxdeterminexanyxvariancexinxthexpresencexofxNixinxthexvaporxduextoxdifferencesxinxthexcoils/
Acknowledgments:PWexwouldxlikextoxthankxthex5LSxusersxofficejxNSER5xPromosciencejx&/x&illinghurstjx&/x5raig/xP/xHumbertjxJ/xKorberxandxP/xMalhi/
Procedure:0Twoxe0cigsxTsetxatxV/VxVxandxN/VxV(xwerexfilledxwithxe0juicexT,xmgLmlx4x8XxmgLmlxofxnicotine(xproducingxvaporxgatheredxwithxV+xmlxsyringes/xTFig/xK(05ollectedxvaporxandxcondensatexfromxe0cigxandxsmokexfromxregularxcigarettexwerexreleasedxthroughxaxsyringexfilterxintoxpetrixdishesxcontainingxcoffeexfiltersxandxthexfiltersxwerexleftxtoxdry/xTFig/x&jxJjxExandxF(05ondensatejxe0juicejxregularxcigarettesjxandxe0cigsxcoilsxexaminedxwithxIJEKSxbeamlinexusingxX0rayxfluorescencexTXRF(/xTFig/x5(0NickelxandxZincxlevelsxwerexfurtherxanalyzedxthroughxX0rayxKbsorptionxNearxEdgexSpectroscopyxTXKNES(/xTFig/xGxandxH(x
Analysis:P0Znxwasxpresentxinxsamplesxwhichxcamexintoxcontactxwithxe0juicexTFig/x8xandxz(0IncreasingxvoltagexTV/VVxtoxN/VV(xandxnicotinexconc/xT,xmgLmLxtox8XxmgLmL(xincreasedxconc/xofxZnxTFig/xV(0xXRFxstartingxresultsxshowxNixonlyxpresentxinxe0cigxcoil/xTFig/8(0E0cigxvaporxcontainedxNiO/xTFig/xz(xx0Nixcontentxwasxhigherxinxe0cigsxvaporxthanxtobaccoxcigarettexsmoke/xTFig/xN(x0IncreasedxvoltagexTV/VVxtoxN/VV(xandxlowxnicotinexconcentrationsxT,xgLmL(xcausexaxhigherxconcentrationxofxNizwxtoxbexreleasedxinxthexvapor/xTFig/xN(
xT/xFengjxR/xHassanjxK/xKhanjxM/xKorberjxK/xLiujxxJ/xMalhijx&/xPauljxP/xRawaljxJ/xShevtsovjxL/xXiejx
S/x&rayjx&/x5raigjxT/xRiouxx0xEvanxHardyx5ollegiatejxSaskatoonjxSKJ/xJynesjxJ/xMuirjxT/xWalkerx0x5anadianxLightxSourcejxSaskatoonjxSK
APCHEMICALPANALYSISPOFPELECTRONICPCIGARETTEPEMISSIONS
