8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
9/52
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
10/52
b`dcoy`j
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cn jljomwokn jo sjrm|m`d nd yo||ods yow Mdsnwdns* jjnlswmlms n|s jo
|n~jn omwn joomwn$
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cn| cmwndsn| `wfn| cdnwkmn$ Ln| l`d|`ffosm`d| dn |nuywmfnds
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ko nd fswn| l~gn| %f
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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Y`jmsmq~n
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
12/52
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Lo| cn jjnlswmlms
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cn le`|n yw| rndc~| ns l`d|`ff| snj| q~mj| |`ds mfy`ws| %ffn |m
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
14/52
b`dcoy`j
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jo y~m||odln* jo yw`c~lsm`d ns jn d`fgwn cen~wn cn `dlsm`ddnfnds cn|
cmwnds| s}yn| cjnlswmlms nd 79?9$
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ndrmw`d ;> . %ns 79?9 soms ~dn fo~rom|n oddn y`~w jn d~ljomwn-$ Mj
n|s |~mrm yow je}cwo~jmq~n* q~m o||~wn ?7 . cn jo yw`c~lsm`d* ns jn senw&
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cn wnsnd~n* yn~s o||n jowknfnds le`m|mw jn f`fnds c~ `dlsm`ddnfnds$
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ornl yw~cndln$ Njjn| dn rn~jnds yo| c~ s`~s cmwn jo ffn le`|n |nj`d jn
s}yn cn lndswojn l`d|mcw$ J`w|q~`d jms cod| jo ywn||n q~n snjjn nwfn
`jmnddn yn~s |osm|omwn jo cnfodcn c~dn rmjjn l`ffn G`wcno~u *
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
15/52
Y`jmsmq~n
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yjomwn* l`ffn jn f`dswn jn sogjno~ 3$
sg 3 1 Ws L`7* yo} lmm* 7995
l`7/YmG l`7/ l`7/H[%l`7/YmG- %l`7/woa~jn- %l`7/H[e-
Bwodl 9*73 3*; *> 35*> >
Lmd 7*>9 ;Gwmj 9*3< *9 5=
Md ?*;< >3*= =25
Wm >*3
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
18/52
b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
?2
jo Bwodln$ Ln g`d w|~jsos wnbsn jo yows mfy`wsodsn c~ d~ljomwn cod|
j`wmkmdn cn jjnlswmlms yw`c~msn nd Bwodln$
L`s| ns ywmu
Jn l`s cn jdnwkmn l`d|`ffn cmwnlsnfnds %leowg`d* ko* ysw`jn-
n|s csnwfmd yow jn| ywmu cn| fowle| f`dcmo~u* ns mj n|s nd ywnfmwn
oyyw`umfosm`d mcndsmq~n cod| s`~| jn| yo}| c~ f`dcn 3$ Jn| rwomn|
rowmosm`d| l`dlnwdnds jjnlswmlms$ Jn l`s cn yw`c~lsm`d cn jjnlswmlms
cmwn |nj`d j`wmkmdn 1 mj dn|s yo| jn ffn y`~w jjnlswmlms d~ljomwn ns
y`~w jjnlswmlms ye`s`r`jsoq~n$ _~nj| |`ds ln| l`s| 0
Dmrno~ cn| l`s| lnssn q~n|sm`d |mfyjn* wy`d|n| l`fyjmq~n| ns mdlnwsomdn|$ Y`~w ~dn
jmwn c`ddn* jn l`s c~ hmj`{ossen~wn cyndc cn d`fgwn~u olsn~w| 1
jo c~wn odd~njjn cn `dlsm`ddnfnds cn jmd|sojjosm`d* jn ywmu cn| l`fg~|&
smgjn| %q~m rowmn gno~l`~y c~d f`m| jo~swn-* jo c~wn cn rmn cn| md|soj&
josm`d|* jn so~u cols~ojm|osm`d wnsnd~$ Ln l`s rowmn cod| jn snfy| ornl
jo snled`j`kmn ns jo wkjnfndsosm`d* nd |`wsn q~n jn l`s co~a`~wce~m
dn|s yo| lnj~m cemnw ns ndl`wn f`md| lnj~m cn cnfomd$ Cn yj~|* ln~u q~m
csmnddnds jmd`wfosm`d d`ds yo| s`~a`~w| mdsws jo wndcwn y~gjmq~n*l`ffn yow nunfyjn cod| jn lo| cn| yw`f`sn~w| cn j`jmnd$ C~d ls*
y`~w olmjmsnw jn crnj`yynfnds cn jn~w olsmrms* mj| orodlnds cn| l`s|
omgjn|* ko~u ~ mdwmn~w| o~u l`s| c~ d~ljomwn* fom|* c~d o~swn ls*
y`~w foumfm|nw jn| |~grndsm`d| c`ds mj| gdlmnds* mj| o||~wnds q~n jo
jmwn dn yn~s yo| |n crnj`yynw |od| jn fomdsmnd |`d dmrno~ ols~nj ns
jnr cn ln| |~grndsm`d|$
@d |oyy~mnwo mlm |~w ~d woyy`ws cn j@LCN ns cn jOMN cn 79?9>
*q~m l`d|sms~n jn c`l~fnds cn wwndln |~w ln| l`s|$ Mj| |`ds lojl~j|
|~w jo go|n cndrmw`d 799 lndswojn| wlndsn| cod| ~dn q~mdomdn cn yo}|*
|nj`d ~dn fse`c`j`kmn ~dmq~n* cmsn cn| l`s| d`wfojm||* q~m ynwfns
3$ c mwdl od j ls swodyws wobdok* omdm q ldswos jdk sw* yrdsmdswmw mwdl od j l`s|* om ljj&lm* o md w j }d sw* wsds sw omgj%md > .-$ Mj dd ro yo yw j ywmu* jr yow mys ogom yow grdsmd*qm rowmds ldmwogjds d yo} d osw$
>$ `Lcn s OMn 79?9$ Jo rwmd odkjom ys sw ldjs kwosmsds w Mdswds$ nd sw* j krwd&
ds wodom sogjms kojds* s j lmdq m od j ls wwdl jo ywlsmd jlswmq $Jo wdmw rwmd os 79?9$ Jo rwmd lyjs ds yo ygjmq$ ~d w* mdsmsj \}dse|n y~gjmq~ncn js~cn cn| l`s| cn wwndln cn jo yw`c~lsm`d jnlswmq~n* ys sw ldjs w Mdswds$ Yw j dljomws j swmq lowgd s ko* mj lol ymqds j dd d w s dd jds lmwd ywldsok$ |w j ms jo ymods Okdl yw j rjyyds ldm s jo oswm jdwkm %O-* d swrwo d wgwmq mdsmsj Ss l qmj os ormw w jdwkm jmdd $ Lsswgwmq d ldolw yo d s* dlw md d lmw* o ls lss dwkm$ `d d dsmdd jol q yw jmkdw j y mdsws yws yow j okdl blmjj jo qsmd ls$
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
19/52
Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
?;
cn| l`fyowom|`d| ndswn yo}| ns ndswn jmwn| 2$ Jn| l`s| c`dd| |`ds cn|
l`s| fcmod| %mj } o o~sods cn rojn~w| o~&cn||~| q~nd cn||`~|-* q~m dn
|`ds yo| dln||omwnfnds nuolsnfnds jn| l`s| wodom|$ C~d o~swn ls*
jmdcyndcodln ns jo l`fysndln cn jOMN ns cn j@LCN |`ds mdcm|l~&
sogjn| ns c`ddnds ln| l`s| ~dn o~s`wms q~n cn| n|smfosm`d| enuok`&dojn| dn |o~womnds or`mw$
Jn l`s |sodcowcm| ywndc nd l`fysn cn| cynd|n| ns cn| rndsn| mdsnw&
rndods cn| cosn| sw| cmwndsn|* |~w ~dn j`dk~n ywm`cn cn snfy|$ Mj n|s
c`dl |nd|mgjn o~ l`s cols~ojm|osm`d$ Ln|s y`~wq~`m jOMN&@LCN yw&
|ndsn jn| l`s| l`wwn|y`dcods| cn~u so~u 1 > .* ns ?9 .$ @d o wnsnd~
ln~u `gsnd~| ornl ~d so~u cn > . y`~w yj~|mn~w| wom|`d|$ S`~s cog`wc*
ln|s jn so~u jn yj~| yw`len c~ so~u cols~ojm|osm`d lmnj wodom|* u 3 .$ Nd|~msn* mj |okms c~d so~u go|* nd jmkdn ornl jo cnfodcn l`d|sodsn
cn| l`j`km|sn|* q~m r`~cwomnds r`mw ~smjm|nw cn| so~u ndl`wn yj~| go|
%l`ffn ln~u c~ woyy`ws \snwd-$ Ndd* jn le`mu c~ so~u mfy`wsn o||n
yn~ y`~w jo l`fyowom|`d cn| jmwn| d~ljomwn|* `jmnddn| ns |`jomwn|* q~m
|`ds kojnfnds lowolswm|n| yow cmfy`wsods| mdrn|sm||nfnds| mdmsmo~u$
@d d`sn q~n jn l`s cn yw`c~lsm`d cn jjnlswmlms d~ljomwn omd|m lojl~j
%3*?5 lH[e ;- n|s sw| yw`len c~ ywmu o~q~nj NCB n|s snd~n cn rndcwn
~dn yowsmn cn |o yw`c~lsm`d |n| l`dl~wwnds|* q~m n|s 3*?3 l H[e$ @dd`sn o~||m q~n jn| l`s| cn j`jmnd snwwn|swn %2*= l H[e- ns c~ ye`s`&
r`jsoq~n %7=*< lH[e- |`ds o||n yw`len| cn| ywmu o~uq~nj| NCB n|s
snd~n colensnw ln| jnlswmlms| %wn|ynlsmrnfnds 5 ns
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
20/52
b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
?5
sg > 1 Ls dmsomw %yow H[- jjlswmlms*yow jmw ywlsmd* 7995
l /H[ /H[
Dljomw 3*?5 ?*;?
Swmq o ko 2*?< >*33
Swmq o lowgd 3*33 2
jmd owmsm ??*;9 d
|jomw 7=** o yw jjmd owmsm$ J ls ds lsdwojm lojlj orl d so olsojmosmd > .$ J ls dlsmddds lywd&dds* od ywywsmd sw rowmogj jd j jmw* j ls omdsdodl* j ls lgsmgj* jswdojms L`7* s j ls odsjds$ J ls dd ds jorojw mod dgj lo smjm$ OMn&`Lcn 79?9 d dd yo lmw ywjjmd owmsm 8 d d o j ls ssoj =9 . ywm wolos gjmkosmw d Bwodl$ Jls ds dd d jjow od jo wl smjm 8 mj ds s mlm ldrwsm d w o so ? w 6 ?*3 jjow$
Jn sogjno~ n|s mdl`fyjns$ Fodq~nds d`soffnds jn| l`s| cn jjnlswm&
lms e}cwo~jmq~n ns cn jjnlswmlms yw`c~msn yowsmw cn jo gm`fo||n* cn|
gm`ko `~ cn| clens|$ Je}cwo~jmq~n n|s ~dn |`~wln mfy`wsodsn cjnl&
swmlms ols~njjn nd Bwodln* fom| ~dn |`~wln dkjmknogjn cjnlswmlms ~s~wn
nd Bwodln$ Jn| o~swn| jmwn| |`ds lnwsn| mdswn||odsn|* fom| ~d l`d|nd|~|
|nfgjn num|snw |~w jn oms q~n jn~w crnj`yynfnds wn|snwo f`cn|sn cod|
jn| clnddmn| rndmw$
\sw~ls~wn cn| l`s|
Yj~| mfy`wsods yn~s&swn ndl`wn q~n jn dmrno~ cn| l`s| cn yw`c~lsm`d
cn| cmwndsn| dnwkmn| n|s jo |sw~ls~wn cn ln| l`s|* ln|s&&cmwn jo yows
wnjosmrn cn| l`s| cmdrn|sm||nfnds ns cn| l`s| cn `dlsm`ddnfnds$
Lnssn yows n|s nd nns sw| rowmogjn |nj`d jn s}yn cdnwkmn$ @d o ~dn
cmle`s`fmn sw| fowq~n ndswn 1 jn| l`fg~|smgjn| `||mjn|* c`ds jn l`s
n|s ywmdlmyojnfnds ~d l`s cn `dlsm`ddnfnds* ns jjnlswmlms d~ljomwn*
e}cwo~jmq~n* `jmnddn ns ye`s`r`jsoq~n* c`ds jn l`s n|s ywmdlmyojnfnds
~d l`s cmdrn|sm||nfnds$ \m jo cnfodcn cn lowg~wods| o~s`f`gmjn|* cnko ~ cjnlswmlms yw`c~msn cod| ~dn lndswojn o~ ko* o~kfndsn* d yn~s
|osm|omwn lnssn cnfodcn |od| yw`lcnw cn| mdrn|sm||nfnds| l`sn~u %mj
o~s gmnd cn| ko`c~l|* ns cn| lndswojn| o~ ko* fom| jn~w l`s n|s omgjn
wnjosmrnfnds o~ l`s c~ ko-* ns jn l`s fowkmdoj cn ln| dnwkmn| n|s yn~
yw| koj jn~w l`s f`}nd$ Mj nd ro gmnd cmwnffnds y`~w jdnwkmn
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
21/52
Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
?=
d~ljomwn `~ e}cwo~jmq~n `~ `jmnddn `~ ye`s`r`jsoq~n$ ^dn `m| jn|
md|sojjosm`d| l`d|sw~msn|* jn l`s fowkmdoj cn yw`c~lsm`d n|s omgjn$ Fom|
~dn lndswojn d~ljomwn q~m dn `dlsm`ddnwoms q~n q~njq~n| en~wn| yow
od yw`c~mwoms cn jjnlswmlms ~d l`s nu`wgmsods$ Ln|s jo wom|`d y`~w
joq~njjn jn s`~s&d~ljomwn |nwoms ~dn og|~wcms l`d`fmq~n* q~m dn|scomjjn~w| ywl`dm|n yow ynw|`ddn$
Cod| ~d yo}| c`dd y`~w ~dn oddn c`ddn* jn l`s f`}nd c~ hmj`&
{ossen~wn n|s jo f`}nddn cn ln| l`s|* y`dcwn yow jmfy`wsodln cn|
cmwndsn| `wmkmdn|$ Lnssn mfy`wsodln wnjosmrn cyndc c~ yowl cmd|soj&
josm`d|* ns o~||m cn jeogmjns ornl joq~njjn jn| `ywosn~w| `ds* leoq~n
md|sods* oyynj jo |`~wln jo f`md| l`sn~|n lns md|sods&j$
ln an~* jo Bwodln n|s nulnjjndsn$ @d nd o jo ywn~rn cod| jn| ywmu
go| cn jjnlswmlms q~m } ywrojnds$ Nd jog|ndln cn |~grndsm`d| `~ cn
soun| |ylmq~n| `~ cn yw`s| f`d`y`jm|smq~n|* jn| ywmu wnbsnds o||n
gmnd jn| l`s|$ Jn sogjno~ 2 c`ddn jn| ywmu y`~w jn| fdokn| ns y`~w jn|
mdc~|swmnj|$
sg 2 1 Ywm jjlswmlms* yo} lmm* 79?9
/H[ /H[
Bwodl ?< ?99 ; ?99
Ojjokd 73 ?5> ?? ?>;
Msojm 79 ?>3 ?3 799
W}o&~dm ?3 ?95 ?9 ?3 2g-$
@d r`ms q~n jn| ywmu cn jjnlswmlms nd Bwodln |`ds yowsml~jmwnfnds
go|$ Cod| jo yj~yows cn| yo}| cN~w`yn* jn| ~smjm|osn~w| yomnds gno~l`~y
yj~| lenw q~nd Bwodln jjnlswmlms q~mj| l`d|`ffnds$ Jn| mdc~|swmnj|
msojmnd| `~ jn| fdokn| cod`m| yomnds jn c`~gjn cn ln q~n yomnds jn~w|
l`jjk~n| wodom|$ Cod| cn| yo}| l`ffn jo Lemdn ~ jMdcn* jn| ywmu |`ds
yj~| go| q~nd Bwodln* fom| ln|s yowln q~n jo yw`c~lsm`d cjnlswmlmsn|s o||~wn yow c~ leowg`d g`d fowle `~ns } n|s |~grndsm`ddn$ Ln|
go| ywmu wodom| wnbsnds cn| l`s| omgjn|* q~m w|~jsnds n~u&ffn| cn
jo yows mfy`wsodsn c~ d~ljomwn cod| jn fjodkn jnlswmq~n wodom|$ Jn|
ywmu jnr| cod`m| ns n|yokd`j| wnbsnds jn| l`s| jnr| cn ln| leof&
ym`d| cn j`jmnd ns c~ ye`s`r`jsoq~n$
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
22/52
b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
79
Mdcyndcodln dnwksmq~n
Jo q~n|sm`d cn |or`mw |m jdnwkmn l`d|`ffn nd Bwodln n|s yw`c~msn o~
yo}| ~ mfy`wsn cn jswodknw %ns* cod| ln lo|* cn q~nj| yo}| 0- n|s kojn&
fnds mfy`wsodsn$ Nd ywmdlmyn* olensnw jswodknw dn|s dm fmn~u dm yj~|foj q~olensnw o~ yo}|$ Fom| cod| ~d c`fomdn o~||m |swoskmq~n q~n
jdnwkmn* lnssn owfosm`d c`ms swn d~odln$ Jn| l`d|q~ndln| c~dn
w~ys~wn cn| oyyw`rm|m`ddnfnds| %mfyw`gogjn* fom| yo| mfy`||mgjn-
|nwomnds |m cwofosmq~n| q~~d lnwsomd cnkw cmdcyndcodln dnwksmq~n
n|s l`d|mcw l`ffn sw| c|mwogjn$ Jo Bwodln n|s s`sojnfnds cynd&
codsn cn| mfy`wsosm`d| y`~w jn leowg`d* jn ko ns jn ysw`jn$ Njjn n|s o~
l`dswomwn jowknfnds mdcyndcodsn y`~w je}cwo~jmq~n* jn d~ljomwn* j`&
jmnd ns jn ye`s`r`jsoq~n$ Jn d~ljomwn o gmnd gn|`md c~wodm~f* jowkn&fnds mfy`ws* fom| mj dn y|n yo| sw| j`~wc nd y`mc| ns nd owknds ns yn~s
olmjnfnds swn |s`lh* nd |`wsn q~mj do k~wn cmfyols |~w jmdcynd&
codln cn ln f`cn$ Jn| `jmnddn| ns jn| yoddno~u ye`s`r`jsoq~n| |`ds
gmnd jowknfnds mfy`ws|* fom| cn gno~l`~y cn yo}| cmwnds|* c~dn
o`d q~m dn fns yo| d`d yj~| nd lo~|n jmdcyndcodln cn ln| f`cn| cn
yw`c~lsm`d$
@d yn~s l`d|mcwnw q~n jo l`d|`ffosm`d c~d yo}| n|s kojn jo yw`&c~lsm`d c`fn|smq~n %C- o~kfndsn cn| mfy`wsosm`d| dnssn| cn| nuy`w&
sosm`d| %M- 5* ns cdmw jn so~u cmdcyndcodln %s- l`ffn jn woyy`ws cn jo
yw`c~lsm`d c`fn|smq~n jo l`d|`ffosm`d 1
s 6 C%C ( M-
Jn| |sosm|smq~n| cn jOkndln mdsnwdosm`dojn cn jdnwkmn ynwfnssnds cn
lojl~jnw ln so~u cn cyndcodln* y`~w jn| yo}| cn d`swn leodsmjj`d* c~dn
o`d e`f`kdn$ Ln|s ln q~n oms jn sogjno~ ;* nd cm|smdk~ods jn| yo}|
q~m `ds jo leodln cn gdlmnw cn wn||`~wln| dos~wnjjn| `||mjn| %ysw`jn*leowg`d* ko-* ns ln~u q~m d`ds yo| lnssn leodln$
5$ nd mkdwods j yws* qm d ds yo ssojds dkjmkogj$
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
23/52
Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
7?
sg ; 1 Mdydodl dwksmq* yo} lmm* 7995
s
Y 1
W}o&~dm ;3 .codowh ??7 .
sos&~dm ;< .
Lmd =7 .
Gwmj 5= .
Wm ?>9 .
Ojjokd 9 .
Ywskoj ?; .
Msojm ?> .
nyokd 79 .
Gjkmq 73 .
| 1 MnO 79?9o$ y$ 35&>;$
Jn| ywnfmnw|* l`ffn jn W`}o~fn&^dm `~ jn Codnfowh %q~m `ds jn
ysw`jn ns jn ko cn jo fnw c~ D`wc- ns* o b`wsm`wm* jo W~||mn %~d kw`| yw`&
c~lsn~w ns nuy`wsosn~w cn ko-* ds rmcnffnds ~d so~u cmdcyndcodln
dnwksmq~n jnr$ Fom|* yowfm jn| |nl`dc|* jo Bwodln |n cm|smdk~n yow
~d so~u cmdcyndcodln wom|`ddogjn %>9 .-* yj~| jnr q~n jn| so~u cn
jOjjnfokdn* q~m cm|y`|n y`~wsods cn wn||`~wln| leowg`ddmwn| % .- `~ cn jN|yokdn %79 .-$ Jo Bwodln n|s r~jdwogjn o~wm|q~n cn w~ys~wn coyyw`rm|m`ddnfnds `~ cn b~ls~osm`d nwwosmq~n| cn|
ywmu* fom| njjn jn|s gmnd f`md| q~n jo yj~yows cn |n| kwodc| r`m|md|$
Jo Bwodln mfy`wsn ns nuy`wsn cn jjnlswmlms* fom| jn| nuy`wsosm`d|
%?7 . cn jo yw`c~lsm`d nd 79?9- |`ds gno~l`~y yj~| mfy`wsodsn| q~n
jn| mfy`wsosm`d| %; . cn jo yw`c~lsm`d-$ Jo Bwodln n|s c`dl ~d nuy`wso&
sn~w dns* eo~sn~w cn yw| cn
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
24/52
b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
77
Bmdodln| y~gjmq~n| =
C~dn o`d kdwojn* yw`c~lsm`d ns l`d|`ffosm`d cdnwkmn nd Bwodln
|`ds yn~ soun| `~ |~grndsm`ddn| %o~&cnj cn jo |lojms d`wfojn-$ Mj }
o lnyndcods cn~u nulnysm`d| d`sogjn|$Jo ywnfmwn l`dlnwdn jn| lowg~wods|* sw| j`~wcnfnds mfy`|| c~ oms
cn jo soun mdswmn~wn |~w jn| yw`c~ms| ysw`jmnw| %SMYY-* cnrnd~n jo soun
mdswmn~wn cn l`d|`ffosm`d |~w jn| yw`c~ms| dnwksmq~n| %SMLYN-$ Lnssn
soun n|s o||m|n |~w jn r`j~fn %yo| |~w jn ywmu- cn s`~| jn| yw`c~ms| ysw`&
jmnw|* fom| cn| so~u sw| rowmogjn| |nj`d jn yw`c~ms 1 sw| jnr y`~w jn
|~ynw* f`md| jnr y`~w jn cmn|nj* gmnd f`md| jnr y`~w jn `~j cn leo~&
okn `~ jn `~j ~smjm| yow jo \DLB$ Nd 79?9* njjn o woyy`ws ndrmw`d
73 fmjjmowc| cn~w`|$ Njjn n|s njjn&ffn |`~fm|n jo SRO o~ so~u cn?=*2 .$ Lnssn SRO |~w jo SMYY* lnssn soun d`wfojn |~w ~dn soun |y&
lmq~n* c`ms swn l`d|mcwn l`ffn ~d mfys |ylmq~n* yo| l`ffn ~dn
soun d`wfojn$ Jn f`dsods cn jo |lojms |ylmq~n cn| lowg~wods| |jrn
c`dl yw| cn 7= fmjjmowc| cn~w`| yow od$ Jn||ndsmnj cn ln f`dsods n|s
l`d|sms~ yow jo |lojms |ylmq~n cn| lowg~wods| o~s`f`gmjn|$
Jo |nl`dcn nulnysm`d l`dlnwdn jn| yw`c~lsm`d| cjnlswmlms c`wmkmdn
`jmnddn ns ye`s`r`jsoq~n* `wsnfnds |~grndsm`ddn| yow jn flodm|fncn| `gjmkosm`d| coleos ywmu jnr ?9$ NCB o j`gjmkosm`d colensnw
q~njjn nd oms gn|`md `~ d`d s`~sn jjnlswmlms `jmnddn ns ye`s`r`j&
soq~n yw`c~msn yow ~d yowsml~jmnw `~ ~dn ndswnywm|n$ 5 lH[e y`~w
j`jmnd snwwn|swn* ?< lH[e y`~w j`jmnd fowmsmfn ns 9 mjjmow$
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
25/52
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En~wn~|nfnds* ~dn odoj}|n ossndsmrn cn lnssn s~cn cn j@LCN f`dswn
q~n |n| o~sn~w| `ds nd ywosmq~n ~smjm| ~d ywmu cn 3*7 lH[e* q~m l`d&
lmcn ornl jn ywnfmnw cn d`| sw`m| l`s| cn wwndln$ D`~| wnsmndcw`d|
c`dl ln lemwn l`ffn l`s cn wwndln$
Mj ynwfns cn yw`c~mwn jn sogjno~ 5* q~m c`ddn ~dn n|smfosm`d c~ f`d&
sods cn| |~grndsm`d| mfyjmlmsn| cod| jn| sowm| coleos 1 >79 fmjjm`d|cn~w`|$ Jn f`dsods n|s nd 79?9 f`cn|sn* fom| mj n|s nd o~kfndsosm`d
woymcn$
sg 5 1 Ls grdsmd jjmd s o jomw* Bwodl* 79?9
|soj nwwn|wn soj fowfn
Sowm olos %l/H[- 5*9 ?
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
26/52
b`dcoy`j
z
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Lnssn soun n|s `wsnfnds wkwn||mrn* yowln q~n jo l`d|`ffosm`d cjnl&
swmlms o~kfndsn f`md| rmsn q~n jn wnrnd~ 1 njjn y|n c`dl corodsokn %nd
y`~wlndsokn c~ wnrnd~- |~w jn| yo~rwn| q~n |~w jn| wmlen|$
Jo yj~yows cn| yo}| n~w`ynd|* nd yowsml~jmnw jOjjnfokdn ns jN|yokdn*
cm|y`|nds kojnfnds cn |}|sfn| c`gjmkosm`d| coleos y`~w jn| dnwkmn|cmsn| wnd`~rnjogjn|$ Js~cn cn j@LCN ca lmsn c`ddn* y`~w joddn
79?9* cn| n|smfosm`d| `~ cn| `~wlenssn| cn|smfosm`d cn| |~grndsm`d|
l`wwn|y`dcodsn| cod| ln| cn~u yo}| ?7$ Y`~w jOjjnfokdn* jn| |~grnd&
sm`d| cmwnlsn| o~u yw`c~lsn~w| cl`~jods cn| sowm| coleos |jrnds
7*? fmjjmowc| cn~w`| y`~w jn |`jomwn ns 7*; fmjjmowc| y`~w j`jmnd* |`ms
ndrmw`d > fmjjmowc| y`~w ln| cn~u dnwkmn| wnd`~rnjogjn|$ Y`~w jN|yokdn
jn f`dsods l`wwn|y`dcods n|s cndrmw`d < fmjjmowc| cn~w`|$Jn| `gjmkosm`d| coleos dn |`ds yo| jo |n~jn `wfn cn |~grndsm`d ~sm&
jm|n* d`soffnds nd Bwodln$ Num|snds kojnfnds cn| |~grndsm`d| cmwnlsn|
jmdrn|sm||nfnds `jmnd ns ye`s`r`jsoq~n* nwsn| nd yowsml~jmnw yow jn|
wkm`d|* cn| yws| so~u w` y`~w dodlnw ln| mdrn|sm||nfnds|* cn| |}|&
sfn| cof`wsm||nfnds| olljw|* ns cn| lwcms| cmfys|$ @d dn cm|y`|n
co~l~dn n|smfosm`d c~ f`dsods cn ln| |~grndsm`d|$ Fom| njjn| dn |`ds
yo| dkjmknogjn| ns jn| lemwn| c~ sogjno~ 5 |`ds c`dl cn| |`~|&n|smfo&
sm`d|$^dn |~grndsm`d l`ffn* yow nunfyjn* j`gjmkosm`d coleos ywmu
jnr l`wwn|y`dc y`~w yowsmn ~d |~wl`s ns y`~w ~dn o~swn ~dn
wndsn 1
\~grndsm`d 6 |~wl`s ( wndsn
Jn| ywmu coleos jnr| cn j`jmnd ns c~ ye`s`r`jsoq~n |`ds a~|sm&
| yow jn| l`s| wnjosmrnfnds jnr| cn lnssn dnwkmn$ Nd jog|ndln cn
|~grndsm`d|* o~l~dn jnlswmlms cn ln s}yn dn |nwoms yw`c~msn$ Fom| ln|
ywmu coleos| jnr| yn~rnds kojnfnds kdwnw cn| wndsn|$ Jo rndsn cn jo
L`fyokdmn c~ rnds* nd 799;* nd o oyy`ws jo ywn~rn ns |~kkwn ~d wcwn
cn kwodcn~w ?? . cn| yows| y`~w
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
27/52
Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
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ln| md|sojjosm`d|$ @d o j ~dn fn|~wn cn jo wndsn `jmnddn$ Jn yowl ols~nj
sods cn > 799 F[* jo wndsn lwn yow jn| gjmkosm`d| coleos o~ ywmu u
yn~s swn n|smfn* y`~w ln yowl* ndrmw`d 3*> fmjjmowc| cn~w`|$Nd ln q~m l`dlnwdn jn| o~swn| `wfn| cdnwkmn nd Bwodln* jn| dodln|
y~gjmq~n| |`ds ywosmq~nfnds dn~swn|$ Jn leowg`d* jn ko ns jn ysw`jn
mfy`ws| dn |`ds |`~fm| o~l~dn soun |ylmq~n ns dn gdlmnds co~&
l~dn |~grndsm`d ?2$ Mj nd ro cn ffn y`~w jjnlswmlms e}cwo~jmq~n ns
d~ljomwn$ Jowfosm`d* l`d|soffnds wysn* q~n jn d~ljomwn o s ns
l`dsmd~n cswn |~grndsm`dd dn wny`|n |~w wmnd cn |wmn~u$ Jn| lndswojn|
e}cwo~jmq~n|* y~m| d~ljomwn|* ds s dodln| yow cn| nfyw~ds| cn j`dksnwfn l`dswols| yow NCB %l`ffn mj n|s dos~wnj ns c|mwogjn y`~w cn|
mdrn|sm||nfnds| cn sw| j`dk snwfn-* q~m `ds nd|~msn s wnfg`~w||* mds&
ws| ns ywmdlmyoj* ornl jn yw`c~ms cn| rndsn| cjnlswmlms$ J`w|q~n NCB
soms ~dn ndswnywm|n y~gjmq~n* njjn gdlmoms cn jo kowodsmn nuyjmlmsn `~
mfyjmlmsn cn jsos* fom| lnssn kowodsmn do aofom| l`s ~d |n~j n~w`
%`~* y`~w fmn~u cmwn* ~d |n~j wodl- o~ l`dswmg~ogjn$ Jowk~fnds |nj`d
jnq~nj jo jmwn d~ljomwn o~woms s crnj`yyn yow jn L`ffm||owmos
jdnwkmn os`fmq~n %LNO- dn|s k~wn wnlnrogjn$ Jn LNO* q~m o l`d~ nsyw`c~ms jn| g`fgn| os`fmq~n| wodom|n|* o gmnd crnj`yy* |~w `dc|
y~gjml|* ~dn jmwn d~ljomwn lmrmjn %cmsn kwoyemsn&ko-* ns ~dn `~ cn~u
ynsmsn| lndswojn| cn ln s}yn ds s l`d|sw~msn| cod| jn| oddn| ?=29* fom|
lnssn jmwn o s woymcnfnds ogodc`ddn o~ yw`s c~dn o~swn jmwn
crnj`yyn o~u sos|&^dm| %yow [n|smdke`~|n-* ~jswmn~wnfnds wod&
lm|n yow NCB* q~m do c`dl yo| gdlm cn| cynd|n| cn wnlenwlen&
crnj`yynfnds l`d|olwn| jo jmwn c~ LNO$Kj`gojnfnds* jo |ms~osm`d ols~njjn cn jo Bwodln nd fosmwn cdnwkmn
oyyowos yj~ss |osm|om|odsn* yj~| |osm|om|odsn nd s`~s lo| q~n lnjjn cn
jo yj~yows cn| o~swn| yo}| c~ f`dcn nd yowsml~jmnw q~n lnjjn cn jOj&
jnfokdn* q~m d`~| |`ffn| yow omjjn~w| l`d|soffnds mdrms| d`~|
wwnw$ Ln|s ln q~n f`dswn jn sogjno~ =$
?3$ Mj s woyyods ldsosw q jd ys mdmkdw rmw j YcK d dswywm ?99 999 ojowmkokdw ? mjjmd w yow od s jmlmsw rmw j dosw d dswywm 59 ywdd ylwd ly $ 299 ?;9 6 3
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
28/52
b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
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72
sg = 1 Lyowomd Bwodl&Ojjokd* 79?9
o lsoj nwwn|wn soj fowfn
Y 1
dok %l/H[- 73 ?< fmd lw
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l97 1
s L`7 / YMG 9 . fmdw
|g g k > 9*> Gmd mdw
| 1 sogjo 7* > s ; |~ywo$
\osm|om|odsn* jo |ms~osm d |nfgjn jswn o~||m y`~w jo |l~wms y~m|q~n*
|o~ nwwn~w cn d`swn yows* o~l~d ollmcnds f`wsnj do s ndwnkm|sw o~
l`~w| cn| cnwdmwn| clnddmn| cod| jn |nlsn~w$ Njjn jn|s kojnfnds y`~w
jn| wnans| cn L@7* q~m |`ds yowfm jn| yj~| go| c~ f`dcn* sw| mdwmn~w| ln~u cn jOjjnfokdn %yow n~w` cn YMG `~ yow hmj`{ossen~wn cjnlswmlms
`~ yow eogmsods-$ Njjn jn|s kojnfnds nd fosmwn cn l`s| ns cn ywmu*
y~m|q~n d`| ywmu |`ds d`sogjnfnds mdwmn~w| o~u ywmu ojjnfodc|$ Nd ln
q~m l`dlnwdn jo |l~wms cn| oyyw`rm|m`ddnfnds|* nd cyms cn yw`kw|* jo
Bwodln wn|sn cyndcodsn cn jswodknw* fom| jn|s dnssnfnds f`md| q~n
jOjjnfokdn$ Nd fosmwn cn dodln| y~gjmq~n|* jo l`fyowom|`d n|s o~||m
or`wogjn* y~m|q~n jn |nlsn~w cn jdnwkmn n|s ~d l`dswmg~sn~w dns o~u
g~ckns| y~gjml|* corodsokn q~nd Ojjnfokdn jn y`mc| cn| |~grndsm`d|
o~u dnwkmn| wnd`~rnjogjn| ns jnuswolsm`d cn leowg`d n|s gmnd yj~|
j`~wc$ B`wln n|s cn l`d|sosnw q~n ln gmjod kj`gojnfnds or`wogjn y`~w jo
Bwodln n|s cod| ~dn jowkn fn|~wn c jo yows yj~| jowkn q~omjjn~w| c~
d~ljomwn cod| jo yw`c~lsm`d cjnlswmlms$
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
29/52
Y`jmsmq~n
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jn| l`dswomdsn| ns jn| `yy`ws~dms| q~m r`ds `~ q~m y`~wwomnds |~wrndmw
cod| jn| oddn| rndmw$ Jnunwlmln n|s co~sods yj~| cmlmjn q~mj dn c`ms
yo| rm|nw |n~jnfnds jn ~s~w yw`len* fom| gmnd ~d e`wm`d cn yj~|mn~w|
clnddmn|$
Cnfodcn cdnwkmn cn jo Bwodln
Jo ywnfmwn q~n|sm`d q~m |n y`|n n|s cn |or`mw q~njjn |nwo jo cnfodcn
cdnwkmn cn jo Bwodln nd 7979* nd 799$ Jo wy`d|n cyndc
cn gno~l`~y cn olsn~w|* nd yowsml~jmnw c~ YMG cn jo Bwodln %cn |`d f`d&
sods* cn |o |sw~ls~wn* cn |o cm|swmg~sm`d- ns c~ ywmu cn jdnwkmn `~*
y`~w fmn~u cmwn* cn| dnwkmn| * jfnds| q~m cyndcnds n~u&ffn|
y`~w yowsmn cn| ywmu f`dcmo~u ns y`~w yowsmn cn| y`jmsmq~n| wodom|n|$
@d o lnyndcods cn g`ddn| wom|`d| cn lw`mwn q~n jo~kfndsosm`d cn jo
cnfodcn ro swn omgjn `~ sw| omgjn* |md`d d~jjn* ns yn~s&swn ffndkosmrn$ Mj dn o~s yo| l`d`dcwn jr`j~sm`d cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d
cdnwkmn cod| jn f`dcn* q~m ro swn `wsn* ornl jo~kfndsosm`d cn jo
l`d|`ffosm`d cdnwkmn nd N~w`yn ns nd Bwodln* q~m ro swn gmnd yj~|
f`cn|sn$ Jr`j~sm`d cn jo cnfodcn cod| jn snfy| dn|s yo| nuy`dnd&
smnjjn* fom| gmnd yj~ss j`km|smq~n* ns d`~| or`d| lnwsomdnfnds cyo|| jn
y`mds cmdbnum`d cn lnssn l`~wgn$
Jo lw`m||odln l`d`fmq~n cn f`}nd `~ j`dk snwfn cn jo Bwodln dn
cnrwoms yo| swn |~ywmn~wn 7 . yow od$ Jnlolms dnwksmq~n %jo
l`d|`ffosm`d cdnwkmn yow n~w` cn YMG- |ofjm`wn l`d|soffnds* cn
yw| cn ? . yow od$ Lnjo ndswodn ~dn o~kfndsosm`d cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d
cdnwkmn cn ? . yow od$ Fom| jo yw`gogjn eo~||n c~ ywmu cn| dnwkmn|
cnrwoms wc~mwn ndl`wn ln so~u* ndrmw`d 9*2 . `~ 9*; . yow od$ ^dn
lw`m||odln l`d`fmq~n f`mdcwn* ~dn nlolms dnwksmq~n fnmjjn~wn
`~ ~dn eo~||n cn ywmu yj~| `wsn l`dc~mwomnds ~dn lw`m||odln cn jo
l`d|`ffosm`d cdnwkmn d~jjn `~ dkosmrn$
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8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
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75
\m j`d |n wny`wsn o~ sogjno~ ?* `d r`ms q~n jn| cn~u l`fy`|odsn|
ywmdlmyojn| cn jo cnfodcn cdnwkmn |`ds jn| lowg~wods| o~s`f`gmjn| ns
jo l`d|`ffosm`d cjnlswmlms$
Jo l`d|`ffosm`d cn lowg~wods| o~s`f`gmjn| nd Bwodln cmfmd~n
cny~m| 7997* |`~| jn c`~gjn nns c~dn |sokdosm`d cn jo lmwl~josm`d nsc~dn cmfmd~sm`d cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d cn lowg~wods| yow reml~jn!hf$
Jn| wkm`d| q~m r`}omnds cod| jo SMYY ~dn wnlnssn |lojn o||~wn cn
lw`swn* |n |`ds goss~n| y`~w nd `gsndmw ~dn yows 8 njjn| `ds n~ komd cn
lo~|n* fom| l`d|sosnds fomdsndods q~n lnssn wnlnssn |sokdn `~ clw`s$
Mj d} o o~l~dn wom|`d cn ynd|nw q~n jn| clnddmn| rndmw dn |nw`ds yo|
l`fyowogjn| cn ln y`mds cn r~n jo clnddmn yo||n$
Jr`j~sm`d yo||n ns ~s~wn cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d cjnlswmlms n|s odo&j}|n nd csomj ns yw|ndsn cod| ~d woyy`ws cn WSN %WSN 79??g-$ Jn
so~u cn lw`m||odln cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d cjnlswmlms cmfmd~n wk~jmwn&
fnds ns `wsnfnds 1 cn yj~| cn ; . yow od cod| jn| Swndsn Kj`wmn~|n|* mj
soms cn 7 . nd 7999* ns cn |n~jnfnds ? . nd 79?9$ Jo yw`j`dkosm`d cn
lnssn l`~wgn oms oyyowoswn ~d so~u cn lw`m||odln %cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d
nd Bwodln- d~j `~ dkosm cod| jn| clnddmn| rndmw$ Cn~u yw`anlsm`d|
yn~rnds swn wnsnd~n| 1
jo ywnfmwn* `wf~jn ns owk~fndsn yow WSN* n|s ~dn o~kfndsosm`df`cn|sn cn jo l`d|`ffosm`d cjnlswmlms$ WSN ywr`ms* yow woyy`ws
79?9* ~dn o~kfndsosm`d %|~w jo s`sojms cn s`~sn jo ywm`cn- cn = . cmlm
7979* ns cn ?> . cmlm 79
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
31/52
Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
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cn yo}|$ Fom| lnssn ornw|m`d lw`m||odsn y`~w jn wm|q~n dn|s yo| jmfmsn
o~ d~ljomwn$ Jo l`d|sw~lsm`d cn jmkdn| jnlswmq~n| eo~sn snd|m`d %yow
omjjn~w| cn yj~| nd yj~| dln||omwn|- wndl`dswn cn| cml~js| lw`m||odsn|*
l`ffn d jo r~ y`~w jo jmkdn Bwodln&N|yokdn$ Lnssn ornw|m`d lw`m||odsn
y`~w jn wm|q~n ndkndcwn cn| cjom| ns cn| eo~||n| cn l`s| l`d|mcwogjn|$
Mj n|s olmjn cn ywr`mw q~n cn| l`~y~wn| cn l`~wods* |m njjn| cnromnds
|~wrndmw* |nwomnds nuswfnfnds foj s`jwn|$
Wc~lsm`d c~ L@7
Jo dln||ms cn wc~mwn jn| wnans| cn L@7 wn|sn ~dn l`dswomdsn `wsn y`~w
jn| y`jmsmq~n| dnwksmq~n|$ Njjn o s`sojnfnds c`fmd jn| cgos| yndcodsyj~|mn~w| oddn| %ln|s omd|m* yow nunfyjn* q~n jn woyy`ws c~ Lndswn
codoj}|n |swoskmq~n |~w jn| ynw|ynlsmrn| dnwksmq~n| cn jo Bwodln
je`wm`d 7979&79>9 * q~m cosn cn 7995 ?;* n|s ywn|q~n ~dmq~nfnds
l`d|olw ln sefn-$ Njjn n|s f`md| jo f`cn ols~njjnfnds$ Fom| jmf&
y`wsodln cn lnssn dln||ms do yo| cm|yow~$
Cn s`~sn o`d* njjn o c`dd jmn~ s`~sn| |`wsn| cndkoknfnds| jkm|&
josm|* o~ dmrno~ cn jo Bwodln `~ cn jN~w`yn$ Jo Bwodln* yow nunfyjn*
|n|s `wfnjjnfnds ndkokn yow jo j`m cmfmd~nw yow q~oswn jn| wnans| cnL@7 c~ yo}|$ Cn| l`dswomdsn| cwol`dmnddn| ds s r`sn| |~w jo l`d|`f&
fosm`d cdnwkmn cod| jn| gsmfnds| d`~rno~u q~m mfyjmq~nds* d`sof&
fnds* jmdsnwcmlsm`d c~ leo~okn jnlswmq~n ?5$ O~ dmrno~ n~w`ynd* y`~w
jn| kwodcn| ndswnywm|n|* o s lw ~d fowle cn| wnans| cn L@7* q~m `gjm&
knwo ln| ndswnywm|n| wc~mwn jn~w| wnans| %ns c`dl jn~w l`d|`ffosm`d
cdnwkmn- `~ jn~w olsmrms$ Jn yw`ans c~dn soun lowg`dn o||m|n |~w jn|
wnans| cn L@7 %fom| o~||m |~w jjnlswmlms d~ljomwn q~m dn wnanssn yo| cnlowg`dn /- o s fm| nd cm|l~||m`d$ Mj do yo| og`~sm* yn~s&swn yowln q~mj
om|oms c`~gjn nfyj`m ornl jn| o~swn| md|sw~fnds| num|sods| %jo SMYY y`~w
jn| swod|y`ws|* jn| d`wfn| y`~w jn gsmfnds* jn| q~`so| leodknogjn| y`~w
jmdc~|swmn-* fom| mj wn|sn |~w jo sogjn ns o~||m cod| jn yw`kwoffn cn
gno~l`~y cn yowsm| y`jmsmq~n|$
Jo |ms~osm`d cn| bdodln| y~gjmq~n|
Cod| jo yj~yows cn| yo}| cn j@LCN* jo |ms~osm`d cn| dodln| y~gjmq~n||n|s gno~l`~y cswm`wn o~ l`~w| cn| oddn| wlndsn|$ Jn| cynd|n| cn|
?;$ |}wso* 7995$
?5$ L qm o* ws* yw s ldodw ws ss d jmw mdswmjj yj}ods yjmw mjjmw sworomjjw sw qojm$
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
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< ornl jo L`ff~do~s
n~w`ynddn c~ leowg`d ns cn jolmnw %LNLO-* ywnfmnw yo| cn jo l`d|sw~l&
sm`d n~w`ynddn$ Lnjo o l`dsmd~ ornl ~d fowle l`ff~d cn jjnlswmlms*q~m wny`|n jowknfnds |~w ~dn wojms snledmq~n 1 jn |}|sfn cmdsnwl`d&
?=$ Yw sw ywlm* jo Bwodl s dw 7* wwmw jMwoh* jd j lmw BfM %jo Lw Dw sodsw ldlw-$
79$ Josw owoms sdodl wydw m yw j sjldmlosmd* s dd yw jjlswmlms$
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
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b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
ns 79?9* jo yows
c~ ko cn |lem|sn cod| jo yw`c~lsm`d cn ko cn| sos|&^dm| n|s yo||n cn
> 7< .$ ^d |ldowm` %yowfm co~swn|- cn jOkndln mdsnwdosm`dojn cn
jdnwkmn ywr`ms ~d kn c`w c~ ko * ornl ~d swmyjnfnds cn jo yw`c~l&sm`d cod| jn| rmdks&lmdq od| rndmw$ Lnssn og`dcodln wnjosmrn y`||mgjn `~
yw`gogjn y|nwo lnwsomdnfnds |~w jn ywmu c~ ysw`jn$ Jn ko n|s nd nns
~d |~g|sms~s y`||mgjn o~ ysw`jn* ns ffn ywwogjn nd snwfn| cn wnans|
cn L@7 |od| swn y`~w o~sods ~d |~g|sms~s yowoms* y~m|q~n j`d |oms foj
omwn w`~jnw cn| r`ms~wn| o~ ko$
^d mdl`drdmnds c~ ko n|s o~||m q~mj n|s cmlmjn swod|y`wsnw$ Oj`w|
q~n jn ysw`jn |n swod|y`wsn cod| cn| ysw`jmnw| kods|* cn dmfy`wsn `
ns rnw| dmfy`wsn `* jn ko |n swod|y`wsn n||ndsmnjjnfnds cod| cn| ko`&c~l| q~n jn| yo}| nuy`wsosn~w| jo W~||mn n|s cn j`md jn yj~| mfy`wsods
yn~rnds clmcnw cn ln||nw cojmfndsnw ~ q~n jn| yo}| swornw|| yn~rnds
clmcnw cn gj`q~nw$
Jn sw`m|mfn y`mds n|s q~n jn leowg`d do yn~s&swn yo| cms |`d cnw&
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
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b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
9 hmj`fswn|- ns |`d l`s n|s sw| jnr %ndrmw`d ?9 999 n~w`| cn yj~|
q~~dn r`ms~wn l`drndsm`ddnjjn-$ Y`~w jn f`fnds* jo r`ms~wn jnlswmq~n
dn yn~s |n crnj`yynw q~n cod| jo dmlen cn| r`ms~wn| ~wgomdn| yowl`~&
wods yn~ cn hmj`fswn| s`~| jn| a`~w|* ns ornl cn| |~grndsm`d| l`d|mc&
wogjn|$ C~ y`mds cn r~n c~ L@7* njjn n|s |~ws`~s mdswn||odsn y`~w ~d
yo}| l`ffn jo Bwodln q~m yw`c~ms ~dn jnlswmlms omgjn so~u cn L@7$
Jn yw`kw| snledmq~n yn~s&mj* cod| jn| oddn| rndmw* wc~mwn `~ jmfmdnw
ln| cn~u jmfmsosm`d| 0 Lnjo dn|s yo| mfy`||mgjn* fom| wn|sn fojen~wn~|n&
fnds o||n yn~ yw`gogjn$
Jn| ynw|ynlsmrn| cn| snled`j`kmn| mdd`rodsn|
Yj~|mn~w| snled`j`kmn| d`~rnjjn| `ds j`gans cn wnlenwlen|$ \m njjn| og`~&
sm||omnds %j`w|q~njjn| og`~smw`ds* cm|nds jn| `ysmfm|sn|-* jn yo}|okn dnw&
ksmq~n |nwoms yw``dcfnds g`~jnrnw| c~dn o`d sw| c|mwogjn$ @d
nd fndsm`ddnwo lmdq$
Jo ywnfmwn* ca lmsn* l`dlnwdn jn ymknokn ns jn |s`lhokn* c~ L@7$ \mj
cnrndoms y`||mgjn cn ymknw ns cn |s`lhnw jn L@7 ~dn lenjjn mfy`wsodsn ns ~d l`s wom|`ddogjn* jn wjn c~ leowg`d |nwoms l`fyjsnfnds swod|`wf
ns* ornl j~m* jo cm|y`dmgmjms ns jn ywmu cn| l`fg~|smgjn| `||mjn|$
Jo cn~umfn |n woyy`wsn o~ |s`lhokn cn jdnwkmn* nd yowsml~jmnw cn
jjnlswmlms$ @d |oms rmcnffnds cny~m| j`dksnfy| |s`lhnw cn| lowg~&
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Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
wods| `||mjn|$ @d o oms q~njq~n| yw`kw| cod| jn |s`lhokn cn jo leojn~w
%l~f~j~|* f~w| yom|* foswmo~u leodknfnds cn yeo|n-* fom| jn rwm&
sogjn c l`dlnwdn jn |s`lhokn cn jjnlswmlms* ols~njjnfnds sw| jmfms
%ymjn|* gossnwmn|-$ Jndan~ n|s l`d|mcwogjn* y`~w jo r`ms~wn jnlswmq~n ns*
yj~| ndl`wn* y`~w j`jmnd ns jn ye`s`r`jsoq~n$ Jmdsnwfmssndln mfywrm&|mgjn cn ln| dnwkmn|* q~m n|s jn~w ywmdlmyoj mdl`drdmnds* corodsokn ndl`wn
q~n jn l`s* |nwoms nd q~njq~n |`wsn noln ~ c~ f`md| l`d|mcwogjnfnds
wc~msn$ Jn| wnlenwlen| |~w jn |s`lhokn cn jjnlswmlms `ds s ndkokn| mj }
o yw| c~d |mljn* ln q~m dn rn~s yo| cmwn q~njjn| dog`~smw`ds yo| ~d a`~w$
Jo sw`m|mfn rm|n jn| gm`lowg~wods| cn sw`m|mfn kdwosm`d$ Jo ywn&
fmwn kdwosm`d cn gm`lowg~wods|* yowsmw c~ fo|* cn jo gnssnworn
`~ cn jo loddn |~lwn* |~w joq~njjn gno~l`~y oromnds `dc cn kwodc|n|y`mw| mj } o ~dn cmomdn coddn|* `dlsm`ddn nnlsmrnfnds %kwln
cmfy`wsodsn| |~grndsm`d| y~gjmq~n|* c~ wn|sn-* fom| c`ms* y`~w cn|
wom|`d| ndrmw`ddnfndsojn| ns ojmfndsomwn|$ Jo snled`j`kmn n|s y`jj~odsn
ns njjn |n oms nd yowsmn o~ cswmfnds cn| l~js~wn| ojmfndsomwn|* c`ds njjn
o~kfndsn jn| ywmu$ ^dn cn~umfn kdwosm`d |oyy~mn |~w cn| yjodsn| `~
cn| owgwn| lw`m||odln woymcn* q~m |`ds swod|`wf| nd e}cw`kdn `~
nd seod`j$ Jo sw`m|mfn kdwosm`d |n s`~wdn rnw| cn| ojk~n| `~ fmlw`&
`wkodm|fn| q~m |nwomnds l~jsmr| ns swod|`wf| nd e}cw`kdn |`~| jnnscn jo j~fmwn ns co~swn| l`dswomdsn| lemfmq~n|$
Jo q~oswmfn n|s jo ~|m`d d~ljomwn$ jo cmwndln cn jo ||m`d %jo
snledmq~n ols~njjn cn| lndswojn| d~ljomwn|-* jo ~|m`d n|s ~d yw`ln||~|
q~m dfns yo| cn fosmwn| wocm`olsmrn| ns q~m do yo| gn|`md c~wo&
dm~f* fom| q~m l`d|sms~nwoms ~dn |`~wln mdy~m|ogjn cdnwkmn$ Jo ~|m`d*
q~m numkn cn| leojn~w| nuswfnfnds jnrn|* n|s sw| cmlmjn wojm|nw$
Njjn cnfodcn cn| wnlenwlen| j`dk~n| ns l`fyjnun|* ndkokn| o~ dmrno~mdsnwdosm`doj ornl MSNW %Mdsnwdosm`doj Senwf`d~ljnow Nuynwmfndsoj
Wnols`w-$ Jn l`s* n|smf ?> fmjjmowc| cn~w`|* n|s jo eo~sn~w cn
jndan~$ JMd|sms~s Fou&Yjodlh* nd Ojjnfokdn* crnj`yyn ~d f`cjn
l`dl~wwnds cn wolsn~w ~|m`d* c`ds jn l`s %399 fmjjm`d| cn~w`|- n|s
gmnd f`mdcwn$ Ynw|`ddn dn |oms q~odc* dm ffn |m* lnssn yw`fnssn~|n
snled`j`kmn yw`c~mwo cn jjnlswmlms nd kwodcn q~odsms$
@d fndsm`ddnwo ndd jnuyj`msosm`d c~ |`jnmj |oeowmnd$ Mj num|sn cn|
yw`ans| y`~w l`d|sw~mwn o~ \oeowo cn| lndswojn| |`jomwn| cn kwodcn ndrnw&k~wn %cmsn dnwkmn |`jomwn l`dlndswn- q~m yw`c~mwomnds cn jjnlswmlms nd
kwodcn q~odsms* swod|y`wsn swornw| jo Fcmsnwwodn od cn wy`dcwn
jo cnfodcn cn| yo}| n~w`ynd|$ Jn| cml~js| snledmq~n|* l`d`fmq~n|
ns y`jmsmq~n| cn ln| yw`ans| yeowo`dmq~n| |`ds snjjn| q~`d o ynmdn jn|
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b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
40/52
b`dcoy`j
z
jmdd`rosm`dy
`jmsmq~n
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
41/52
Y`jmsmq~n
dnwksmq~nb
wo
dom|n%
?-1jn|
ndan~u
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sjlowkw kwosmsds lodw! w j ms jo Bdoyj*{{{$y$
! ?9 %bwom| cn y`ws l`fywm|-
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3?
Y`jmsmq~n dnwksmq~n wodom|n %7- 1 jn| |swoskmn|Wf} Yw~ce`ffn* aodrmnw 79?7* 33 yokn|
Wr`j~sm`d cn| rojn~w| ns f`dcmojm|osm`dJ~l Bnww}* aodrmnw 79?7* 39 yokn|
_~nj orndmw y`~w jo |`lmoj&cf`lwosmn nd N~w`yn 0\mw \s~ows Gnjj* clnfgwn 79??*
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37
Jn| ljo||n| f`}nddn| ns jn lwcmsDml`jo| Yl`~ws* `ls`gwn 79??*
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3
_~nj y`jmlmnw cod| d`swn |`lms 0Fosemn~ Qokw`chm* a~mjjns 79?9* 75 yokn|
@ nd n|s jo cw`msn 0 JMsojmn\`o Rnds~wo* a~mjjns 79?9*
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32
Jsos ocfmdm|swosm ns jn jmgwojm|fn$ ^dn em|s`mwn wodom|nJ~lmnd Ao~fn* a~md 799=* ?7 yokn|
Jo y`jmsmq~n n~w`ynddn cn crnj`yynfnds 1^dn wy`d|n jo lwm|n cn jo f`dcmojm|osm`d 0
Anod&Fmlenj Cngwos* a~md 799=* ?7 yokn|
Jo yw`sn|sosm`d l`dswn jo w`wfn c~ |sos~s cn| nd|nmkdods|&lenwlen~w| 1cnd|n c~ |sos~s* mjj~|swosm`d c~ |sos~ q~`$\~mrm c~dn cm|l~||m`d ndswn jo~sn~w ns Gw~d` Gnd|o||`dCormc G`ddno~* fom 799=* 79 yokn|
Jo j~ssn l`dswn jn| cm|lwmfmdosm`d| jmn| jkn nd fosmwn cnfyj`mjm|n F~mw %cmw$-* fom 799=* 23 yokn|
_~oswn yw`y`|msm`d| y`~w q~n jN~w`yn dn s`fgn yo| cod| jn yw`snlsm`ddm|fnDml`jo| G`~`~* fow| 799=* ?7 yokn|
Oyw| jn 7= aodrmnw 1 jo `dlsm`d y~gjmq~n l`dswn jo |`lms lmrmjn 0 ^dn q~n|sm`d cna~|smln |`lmojn ns ~d yw`gjfn cf`lwosmq~nC`fmdmq~n Wn}dm* fow| 799=* 77 yokn|
J@ymdm`d n~w`ynddn nd 799=C`fmdmq~n Wn}dm %cmw$-* cmsm`d| Jmkdn| cn wnywn|* fow| 799=* 7
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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3;
Y`~w wnd`wlnw |`d mdcyndcodln ns l`dc~mwn |o fm||m`d c~smjmsy~gjmq~n* jo B`dcosm`d y`~w jmdd`rosm`d y`jmsmq~n* md|sms~sm`d cn jo
|`lms lmrmjn* o gn|`md c~ |`~smnd cn| ndswnywm|n| ns cn| yowsml~jmnw|$ Mj||`ds mdrms| yowsmlmynw leoq~n oddn jo l`drndsm`d kdwojn q~m cdms|n| `wmndsosm`d|$ Jo B`dcoy`j jn| l`drmn wk~jmwnfnds wndl`dswnw |n|q~myn| ns |n| l`d|nmjjnw|* cm|l~snw nd orods ywnfmwn cn |n| sworo~u* yowsmlmynw |n| fodmn|sosm`d|$
Wnl`dd~n c~smjms y~gjmq~n yow clwns nd cosn c~ ?3 orwmj 7993* jo B`dcoy`j
yn~s wnlnr`mw cn| c`d| ns cn| jnk| cn| yowsml~jmnw| ns cn| ndswnywm|n|$
r y* *
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Cod| jn lo| c~d c`d cn 79 999 * r`~| y`~wwn cc~mwn ?7 999 cmfys*r`swn l`dswmg~sm`d o~wo wnjjnfnds l`s 5 999 r`swn ndswnywm|n$
r y
Orodsokn| |lo~u 1 o~ smswn cn jMW* r`~| gdlmn c~dn wc~lsm`dcmfys cn 22 . cn r`| rnw|nfnds|* cod| jo jmfmsn cn 79 . c~ wnrnd~mfy`|ogjn %wny`ws y`||mgjn c~wods > od|- 8 o~ smswn cn jM\B* r`~|gdlmn c~dn wc~lsm`d cmfys* cod| jo jmfmsn cn >9 999 * cn ;> .cn r`| c`d| rnw||$
Cod| jn lo| c~d c`d cn ? 999 * r`~| y`~wwn cc~mwn 229 cn r`swnMW `~ ;>9 cn r`swn M\B$ Y`~w ~d c`d cn > 999 * r`~| y`~wwn cc~mwn< 9 cn r`swn M\B$
l 1 o g (< 2; 9= $bgIy$
|`~sndnQ jo `dcoY`j
8/3/2019 Politique nergtique franaise (1) : Les enjeux - Rmy Prud'homme
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