Ecological Model and Health
Behavior
Hasanuddin Nuru5537915
Analyze and understand Ecological Model of Health Behavior Analyze and understand four core principle of Ecological
Model of Health Behavior Analyze and describe applications Ecological Model of Health
Behavior Understand how Ecological model can be guided in research. Understand strengthen and limitation Ecological Model of
Health Behavior
Objectives
Ecological models have a long history as they emerged from developments in many disciplines and
fields (e.g., public health, sociology, biology, education, psychology), which in turn converged to form the ecological and behavioral foundations of health promotion
History of Ecological Model
Ecology (derived from the biological sciences):
Describes the complex interrelationships among organisms and the environment in which they are embedded
Social Ecology The study of the influence of the social context on
behavior, including institutional and cultural variables (Sallis & Owen, 2002)
History of Ecological Model
Ecological models, have evolved in behavioral sciences
and public health, focus on the nature of people’s transactions with their physical and socio cultural surroundings that is environments.
History of Ecological Model
In the past two decades, there has been a dramatic
increase in interest in, and application of ecological models in research and practice, due in part to their promise for guiding comprehensive population wide approaches to changing behaviors that will reduce serious and prevalent health problems.
History of Ecological Model
Models designed to explain behavior Kurt Lewin (1951)
Kurt Lewin (1951) “Ecological psychology”
Roger Barker (1968)
Environmental Psychology
Rudolph Moos (1980
Social Ecology
Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979)
Systems Theory
Thomas Glass and Matthew McAtee (2006)
Ecosocial Model
History of Ecological ModelModels designed to guide behavior interventionsB. F. Skinner (1953) Operant Learning Theory
Albert Bandura (1986)
Ecological Model of Health Behavior
Kenneth McLeroy and others (1988)
Ecological Model of Health Behavior
Daniel Stokols (1992, 2003)
Social Ecology Model for Health Promotion
Deborah Cohen and others (2000)
Structural-Ecological Model
Brian Flay and Genes and J. Petraitis (1994)
Theory of Triadic Influence
Karen Glanz and others (2005)
Model of Community Food Environments
Edwin Fisher and others (2005)
Resources and Skills for Self-Management Mode
Ecological models of health behavior is a Model which
emphasize the environmental and policy contexts of behavior, while incorporating social and psychological influences.
Ecological models lead to the explicit consideration of multiple levels of influence, thereby guiding the development of more comprehensive interventions
What is the Ecological Model,,,?
Ecological models are believed to provide
comprehensive frameworks for understanding the multiple and interacting determinants of health behaviors.
More important, ecological models can be used to develop comprehensive intervention approaches that systematically target mechanisms of change at each level of influence
What is the Ecological Model,,,?
The core concept of an ecological model is that
behavior has multiple levels of influences, often including intrapersonal (biological, psychological), interpersonal (social, cultural), organizational, community, physical environmental, and policy.
What is the Ecological Model,,,?
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Organizational
Community
Public Policy
Five levels in Ecological ModelWhat level aren’t
here,,,?
Level of influence Description
IntrapersonalIndividual, personal
Individual characteristics thatinfluence behavior: Knowledge,skills, self-efficacy
InterpersonalFamily, friends, peers
Interpersonal processes and groupsproviding identity and support
OrganizationalChurches, stores,community orgs
Rules, regulation, policies, structuresconstraining or promote behaviors
CommunitySocial networks
Community norms (communityregulations)
Public policyLocal, state, federal
Policies and laws that regulate orsupport healthy practices/actions
Five levels in Ecological Model
What is the Ecological Model,,,?
There are multiple influences on specific health behaviors,
including factors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy levels.
Influences on behaviors interact across these different levels. Ecological models should be behavior-specific, identifying the
most relevant potential influences at each level. Multi-level interventions should be most effective in changing
behavior
Four core principles of ecological models of health behavior are proposed:
The ultimate purpose of ecological models of health behavior is
to inform the development of comprehensive intervention approaches that can systematically target mechanisms of change at several levels of influence.
Behavior change is expected to be maximized when environments and policies support healthful choices, when social norms and social support for healthful choices are strong, and when individuals are motivated and educated to make those choices
Four core principles of ecological models of health behavior are proposed:
Applications Ecological Model to Health Behavior Interventions: Tobacco Control
Level of influence Description
Intrapersonal(Individual)
1. Brief advice and enlighten or counseling the effect of smokers, complete with the ample evidence.
2. Use telephone counseling approach.3. Self help pamphlet, books, videotape, web resources
InterpersonalFamily, friends, peers
OrganizationalChurches, stores,community orgs
1. Program restricting smoking at the workplace.2. Program that emphasize community participation3. Promoting smoke free environment, limiting access, and
increasing tobacco prices through excise taxes4. Policy promoting not smoking (proportion of smoke free-
workplace).CommunitySocial networks
Public policyLocal, state, federal
Applications Ecological Model to Health Interventions: Diabetes self management
To use ecological model in research we should involved
5 levels and concern to the core principles of ecological model which behavior become the main target on each level.
Many research funding told us that it’s useful to change the behavior in society, so we will see later how the ecological model implemented in research.
How ecological model can be guided in research
What is the Ecological Model,,,?
Strengthen
Focus on multiple levels of influence that broadens options for interventions.
Policy and environmental interventions can establish setting and incentives that can persist in sustaining behavior changes.
Helping to solve the problem that the effects of many individually directed interventions are poorly maintained.
Strengthen and limitation ecological model
Weakness
Lack of specificity about the most important hypothesized influences.
Lack information about how the broader levels of influence operate or how variables interact across level.
The model has broaden perspectives without identifying specific variables or providing guidance about how to use ecological model to improve research or interventions.
Need sophisticated operational models that lead to testable hypotheses and useful guidance for intervention.
Strengthen and limitation ecological model
Ecological models help us to understand how people interact
with their environments. That understanding can be used to develop effective multi-level
approaches to improve health behaviors Motivation and skill in individual can not be effective if
environment and policies unsupported. Make environment and policies convenient, attractive and
economical then motivate and educate people.
Conclusion
Thank you for your attention