Canada Immigration

CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORDSUN WOY DISTRICT

Part I: 1885-June, 1903

Presented by: Rudy Chiang新會梅閣 蔣汶德

January 26, 2012

Updated: January 30, 2012

AcknowledgementThis study is possible thanks to the generous support and

encouragement of :

Professor Henry Yu for his electronic data on

the Chinese Head Tax Register, 1885-1949

and

Eleanor Yuen & Phoebe Chowwhose

Workshop on Taishan and Zhongshan Immigrants in North America

provided a model for this study

新 會 縣 SUN WOY COUNTY / DISTRICT

or XINHUI

新Meaning

New

會Meaning

Gathering

Dialect Pronunciation

San Voy

新 (San) 會 (Voy)OTHER SPELLINGS

• San Ooi• San Woi• San Wui• San Wae• San Wai• San Way• San Wey• San Woy• Sang Woi

• Sen Way• Sen Wey• Sen Weyh• Sen Woy

• Sun Wae• Sun Wai• Sun Way• Sun Wey• Sun Woi• Sun Woy

• Sin Wai• Sin Way• Sin Woi• Sin Woy• Sin Wey• Sin Wui• Sing Wae• Sing Woi

1897 Map of Sun Voy County

新會城Sun Voy City

1741 Map of Sun Voy City

Sun Voy City新會城

Moy Kowk梅角

Cooteung古井

Moy Kowk三江

Dai Jack大澤

Ho Chun何村

Chong Sar長沙

Tset Boo七堡

Sui Hou水口

County Hierarchy

COUNTYCOUNTY 縣縣CITY CITY 城城

TOWN 鎮 TOWN 鎮 TOWN 鎮

VILLAGE 鄉 VILLAGE 鄉 VILLAGE 鄉 VILLAGE 鄉

HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村

LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里

ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷

County Hierarchy

COUNTYCOUNTY 縣縣CITY CITY 城城TOWN 鎮

VILLAGE 鄉 HAMLET 村

LANE 里ALLEY 巷

Chew Gou District 潮居都

SUNVOY 新會 TOWNS 鎮

禮樂鎮 新會城 潮蓮鎮杜阮鎮 江門鎮 睦洲鎮荷塘鎮 三江鎮 大鰲鎮大澤鎮 古井鎮 羅坑鎮雙水鎮 沙堆鎮 棠下鎮司前鎮 厓門鎮 外海鎮

Trip Manifest & Headtax Paid by Sun Voy Pioneers , 1885-1903

Town

Trips % $ (k) Town Trip

s % $ (k)

沙堆鎮 1,739

24 99.12 雙水鎮 166 2 7.23

古井鎮 1,718

24104.9

1新會城 107 1 4.97

崖門鎮 1,158

16 58.43 江門鎮 89 1 4.11

三江鎮 215 3 11.46 羅坑鎮 94 1 6.01

大澤鎮 198 3 12.76 司前鎮 74 1 3.26

睦洲鎮 176 2 11.05 其他 1,434

20 78.44

Total7,16

8401.7

5

64% of the Sun Voy Poineers Came from 3 Towns

DISTRICT: SUN WOY COUNTY新會縣

Pioneers from three Towns accounted for

64% of the arrivals, 1885-1903:

Towns 鎮 Trips %_

Sartuey 沙堆鎮 1,739 24%

Cooteung 古井鎮 1,718 24%

Ngai Mun 崖門鎮 1,158 16%

• They paid a total of $262,460

• Sun Woy County Total @ $401,746

古井 Cooteung

沙堆 SarTuey梅閣 Moy Gock

崖門 Ngai Mun崖西 Ngai Sai

64% of Sun Voy Pioneers64% of Sun Voy Pioneers came from these two areascame from these two areas

古井 Cooteung

沙堆 SarTuey崖西

Ngai Sai

梅閣 Moy Gock

崖門 Ngai Mun

那伏 NoFok

沙角 Sar Gok

48% of the Head Tax 48% of the Head Tax records from Sun records from Sun

Voy were contributed Voy were contributed by young men from by young men from

this small islandthis small island

Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers 1885-1903

TownshipAge

TownshipAge

Ave

Mdn

Mode

Ave

Mdn

Mode

沙堆鎮 Sartuey

27 26 20 雙水鎮 Song Shui

32 30 40

古井鎮 Cooteung

29 27 20 新會城 Wui Sean

30 30 30

崖門鎮 Ngai Mun

29 28 20 江門鎮 Gong Mun

32 30 30

三江鎮 Sam Kong

29 26 24 羅坑鎮 Law Hang

30 30 33

大澤鎮 Dai Chack

30 28 25 司前鎮 See Chin

30 30 30

睦洲鎮 Mook Jew

30 28 28 其他 Others 29 28 22

新會縣 Sun Voy County: Most arrived at Age 20

29 27 20

Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers

1885-1903Observations

•Most pioneers arrived at Age 20

•The biggest age group was 20 - 24

Postulate

•Most young men came at age 20 – 24

•Arrivals after age 30 were likely residents returning from a home visit to China

新會縣抵加人數1885- June, 1903

1885-June, 1903 年華裔抵加人數 與 新會縣抵加人數

此較

Sun Voy Pioneers, By Occupation1885-1903

Occupation Count % Age Age Range

Ave MdnMod

e

Labourer 5,477 76 29 27 20 8-63

Farmer 629 9 28 26 20 6-54

Merchant 257 4 35 34 30 18-60

Laundry 198 3 32 31 30 18-61

Cook 129 2 29 28 22 11-53

Grocer 82 1 31 30 40 17-51

Cannery 70 1 30 30 30 17-48

Others 137 2 31 31 28 8-51

Total 6,979 97%

Sun Voy PioneersLabourer Profile

1885-1903

Among the 5,477 declared labourers

•Average Age 28.7 • Median Age 27.0

• Mode 20• No. @ Age 20 484• Youngest Age 8• Oldest Age 63

Sun Voy Pioneers, 1885-1903Female Profile

Only 39 Females Landed •Median Age 24•Age Range 3–48•Age 3 to 12, Count 11

Occupation •Housewifes 18•Daughters / Students 4•Servents / Labourer / Laundry 8•Seamstress 3

Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village, 1885-1903

Town Village No. Town Village No.

沙堆鎮 Sarteu

y

梅閣鄉 Moy Kwok

18

古井鎮 Cooteung

古井鄉 Cooteung 5

沙堆鄉 Sarteuy

12煙管嘴 Linguouduey

4

那伏鄉 No Fok 3 南蓢 Nam Long 1 獨洲 ( 汎 ) Tuck Jew

4 慈溪 Thue Kai 1

梅灣鄉 Mowan 2 文樓 Mun low 1

麻沖 Mahtoon 1睦洲鎮 Mok Jew

龍泉 Long Toon 2

吳村 Ng Toon 1牛灣鎮 NnuWan

鍾邊 Jung Ben 1

廣海 Kong hoi

1雙水鎮 Song Seuy

沙富 Sar Foo 1

Others 10羅坑鎮 Law Hong

羅坑里 Law Hong Lee

1

Total = 70

Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village,

1885-1903

Pioneers from Villages of Sartuey Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No.

Last Name 鄉村 Villages No.

Last Name

沙堆鄉 Sartuey695

廖李胡宋林余 梅灣 Moy

wan37

聶林陸胡宋陳

梅閣鄉 Moy Kok

432

蔣李胡 蓮塘 Lin tong

15 李梁

南安里 ( 梅閣 )

Nam on lee

12 蔣胡 沙涌 Shai chung

11 羅 ?

那伏 No fook165

高易 崖山 Ai san 9 黃李岑

獨洲 ( 汎 ) Uk jew196

林鍾 大洋 Dai jong

4 李馮陳

藤灣 Tin won 67 陳黎 南門 , 新沙 Namon, Sen Sa 4

沙角 Sa gock 33 曾梁 大環 ( 灣 ?)Dai wan

3 余

沙灣 Shar wan

29 鍾林余 大豐村 Dye Foan

2 黃

南邊 Nan ben

20 胡林黃 大樹髻 ?Diseilee

1

麻冲 Mah chung

14 葉 其他 others 2

沙堆鎮人數 Villagers from Sartuey Township 1,739

Pioneers from Villages of Coo Tueng T0wnship, 1885-1903

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

古井鄉 Cotueng

596

吳趙林高薛湯何容 孖洲 Ma chow 37 林

文樓 Mon low

217

吳 山頭 San tow 46 林

長沙 Chong shar

143

薛吳 背坑 Boy hang

29 任李吳余

慈溪 thue kai131

趙李梁容 長樂 Chung lok

22 黃

慈佛( 坳 )

thue foot

31 趙李梁 羅堂 Law kong

17 黎李

霞路 Har loo 96 趙 田寮 Heu lue 13 趙

南蓢 Nam long

74 何梁 仕路 Lin tong 9 林

竹灣 Juck wan

68 趙薛馮 長安 Chong on

6 黃馬

洋邊 Yung ben

63 林容鍾 煙管嘴 Yinguonduey

16 林

網山 Mong san

46 鍾許林 奇石 Kee sack 4 林

官沖 Ko chung

41 林 南海寮其他

Nam hoy lewOthers

49

容

古井鎮人數 Villagers from Coo Tueng Township 1,718

Pioneers from Villages of Ngai Mun Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

新村 sung toon

331

林吳何陳譚容

長崗 ( 長江村 )

Chung Kong

63 陳

黃沖 wong chung

94 黃 水背 soy boy

34 黃

旺沖 wong chung

59 陳 坑口 ?Hang how

34 黃

橫村 Wang chun

13 張 貴美 quai mee

15

京梅 ging moi/boy

78 陳 梁家 / 村 leong ka

11 梁

京背 king boy 20 黃陳 麥田 ?mak doon

8 李黃

三村 sam chun

88 李 荷村 ho chun

43 李林唐

橫水 wong soy

32 陳李容 濠沖 ho chang

7 陳

南合 Nam Hop 58 鍾何 沙崗 sa gong

5 龍

田寮 ten lew 45 李 譚敦 / 譚村 ham doon

13

苹岡 ping gong

41 鍾 屋背 ?Oak boy

5

仙洞 sun dong 29 楊 其他 Others 33

崖門鎮人數 Villagers from Ngai Mun Township 1,158

Pioneers from Villages of Sam Kong 三江 Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

三江 sam gong 108 趙官田 kon ten 81 鍾湯皮子 pee gee 14 葉

洋美 yong mee 5 容謝沖 cha chong 3 李茶園 char yuen 1 聶茶坑 char hing 1 梁

大洞 dai tong 2 趙

三江鎮人數 Villagers from Sam Kong Township 215

Pioneers from Villages of Dai Jack 大澤 Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

大澤 dai jack 31 余 / 茹 小澤 sew jack

18 梁

呂村 lue toon 32 呂 坑尾 hong mee

17 李凌

北洋 bak yung

29 林 邑美 yap mee

17 余 / 茹袁

龍田 lung hen

30 鍾趙 三水 sam suey

8 黃

其他 Others 11 區村 ow toon

5

大澤鎮人數 Villagers from Dai Jack Township 198

Pioneers from Villages of Mook Jew & Song Shui Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

睦洲 Mook Jew

2 容 雙水 Song Shui

8

龍泉 Lung Chun

174

李鍾劉吳區林呂容 沙富 Shar

Foo106

張鍾林唐劉譚龍黎

羅 ( 家 )灣

Lo (ka) wan

40 李

田心[ 新寧 ?]

Tin sum 4

天台 Tin toy 4 戴北岸 Bak on 2 陳

梅岡 Mui kong

1

富路村 Filookchung

1

睦洲鎮人數 Mook Jew Total = 176

雙水鎮人數 Song Shui Total = 166

Pioneers from Villages of Law Hing & Sue Chin Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

羅坑Law HingNor Hang

14 林 凌村 ( 鶴山 )?

Ning chung

30 譚鍾

石咀 sack joy

49 林 河村 ho chun

18 李林梁

陳沖 chin chung

18 陳 海滘 ( 新 )hoy kow

7 李

嶺背 lung boy

8 林 亨美 ( 白廟鄉 )

Hang Mee

7 凌

吉安 get on 5 許 吉境 Kut King

6 鄧

白廟 pak mui

2 梁

山邊 Shan Ben

3

陳屋 Chin Oak

1 陳

羅坑鎮人數 Law Hing Total = 94

司前鎮人數 Sue Chin Total = 74

Pioneers from Villages of Gong Mon & Ngau Wan Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 VillagesNo.

Last Name

鄉村 Villages No.Last

Name

江門 gong mon

8 鍾邊 jung ben

8 鍾

石沖 sack chung

22 黃李温 咀邊 Joy Ben

4 林

七堡 chat boo

16 黃李

白沙 bak shar

8 陳

潭沖 tam chun

4 李

黃山 wong san

3

龍灣 lung wan

10

水南 Suey Nam

2 李

麻園 ma yuen

3

其他 Others 12

江門鎮人數 Gong Mon Total = 89

牛灣鎮人數 Ngau Wan Total = 12

Pioneers from Villages of Other Townships, 1885-1903

鎮 Towns 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

杜阮鎮 Doo yuen 雙龍 Shong Lung 9 馮天湖鄉 ( 羅坑鎮 ?) Tin Woo

龍門 Lung moon 8 趙陳

瀧水都 Lung Soy平安 Ping on錦江 Kam kong

33 夏

荷塘鎮 Ho tang

荷塘 Ho tang良村 ( 梁村 ) Leong toon龍肚灣 Long two wan

541

潮連鎮 Chew lin潮連 Chew lin豸尾 ? Jak mee

53

盧盧

棠下鎮 Tong Har

南安 / 南安里 nam on lee

14 温容

新昌 sun dang 2 容新安 sun on安塘 ann tong

42

其他鎮鄉 Villagers from other Townships

1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour

Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之Pow Chee 鮑熾Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌

1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour

Mar. 3, 1903 Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 and his entourage arrived at Vancouver as tourists, on MV. Empress of India:

•Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 age 30, 5ft 5in, of Senwey 新會 [ 茶坑 ], boarded from Yokohama 橫濱

His entourage boarded from Hong Kong•Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之 age 24, 5ft 5.5in, of Yokohama •Pow Chee 鮑熾 age 46, 5ft 4in, of Hung San 香山•Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌 age 17, of Yokohama

Their $100 Head Tax was refunded on Mar. 15

Immigration file: Microfilm C9512 e0060668

Visit of Kang Yu Wei 康有為

Kang Yu Wei 康有為Li Yung

1899 “Diplomatic” Visit of Kang Yu Wei

• June – Sept., 1898 Wushu Reform 戊戌變法• Kang Yu Wei 康有為 and his secretary Li Yung

arrived in Victoria on April 7, 1899• They were registered on April 12, 1899• Kang Yu Wei, age 42, 5ft 2in, of Nan Hoy 南海

diplomatic corps, exempted from Head Tax• Li Yang, age 27, 5ft 3.5in, Nan Hoy, secretary, exempted from Head Tax• They boarded the MV Igumi Maru at

Yokohama, Japan• Immigration file: Microfilm C9512 e0060666

Summary

• Most pioneers first arrived at Age 20

• The bulk of them came between 20 - 24

• Most came as labourers (5,477 )

• Other occupation groups, other than clergy or actors, best represent returnees from China

• 48% of Sun Voy pioneers came from a small island where CooTeung town 古井鎮 & Sartuey town 沙堆鎮 are located

• 16% of the pioneers came from Ngai Mun town 崖門鎮 which lies across the water

Further Studies

Observations• The Year of Registration represents the date when Head Tax was assessed (upon or after landing)• Year of Arrival represents the date when the passenger first landed• The digital record for Year of Arrival must be verified for accuracy and errors •Grouping by Townships 鎮 or Administration Regions 區 changes with time. • The assignment of villages to Townships in this study should be verified for accuracy

Reference Sites Library and Archives Canada

www.collectionscanada.gc.ca Immigrants from China, 1885 -1949

ww.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/chinese-immigrants/index-e.html

Census of Canada, 1871 www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/census-1871/index-e.html

Census of Canada, 1881 Census of Canada, 1891

B.C. Archives search.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/sn-5B5E0F9/gbsearch

ReferencesMulticultural Canada

Chinese Times 大漢公報 1914-1992

www.multiculturalcanada.ca/node/31107

The Chung Collection

chung.library.ubc.ca/collection/details/6000

National Digital Library of China 中國國家數字圖書館

方誌 res4.nlc.gov.cn/home/search.trs?method=advSearch&resourceid=7

1901 Census records for NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C.

automatedgenealogy.com/census/District.jsp?id=2 New Westminster Public Library, Heritage and Local History

nwheritage.org