Canada Immigration CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORD SUN WOY DISTRICT Part I: 1885-June, 1903
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Transcript of Canada Immigration CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORD SUN WOY DISTRICT Part I: 1885-June, 1903
Canada Immigration
CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORDSUN WOY DISTRICT
Part I: 1885-June, 1903
Presented by: Rudy Chiang新會梅閣 蔣汶德
January 26, 2012
Updated: January 30, 2012
AcknowledgementThis study is possible thanks to the generous support and
encouragement of :
Professor Henry Yu for his electronic data on
the Chinese Head Tax Register, 1885-1949
and
Eleanor Yuen & Phoebe Chowwhose
Workshop on Taishan and Zhongshan Immigrants in North America
provided a model for this study
新 會 縣 SUN WOY COUNTY / DISTRICT
or XINHUI
新Meaning
New
會Meaning
Gathering
Dialect Pronunciation
San Voy
新 (San) 會 (Voy)OTHER SPELLINGS
• San Ooi• San Woi• San Wui• San Wae• San Wai• San Way• San Wey• San Woy• Sang Woi
• Sen Way• Sen Wey• Sen Weyh• Sen Woy
• Sun Wae• Sun Wai• Sun Way• Sun Wey• Sun Woi• Sun Woy
• Sin Wai• Sin Way• Sin Woi• Sin Woy• Sin Wey• Sin Wui• Sing Wae• Sing Woi
1897 Map of Sun Voy County
新會城Sun Voy City
1741 Map of Sun Voy City
Sun Voy City新會城
Moy Kowk梅角
Cooteung古井
Moy Kowk三江
Dai Jack大澤
Ho Chun何村
Chong Sar長沙
Tset Boo七堡
Sui Hou水口
County Hierarchy
COUNTYCOUNTY 縣縣CITY CITY 城城
TOWN 鎮 TOWN 鎮 TOWN 鎮
VILLAGE 鄉 VILLAGE 鄉 VILLAGE 鄉 VILLAGE 鄉
HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村
LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里
ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷
County Hierarchy
COUNTYCOUNTY 縣縣CITY CITY 城城TOWN 鎮
VILLAGE 鄉 HAMLET 村
LANE 里ALLEY 巷
Chew Gou District 潮居都
SUNVOY 新會 TOWNS 鎮
禮樂鎮 新會城 潮蓮鎮杜阮鎮 江門鎮 睦洲鎮荷塘鎮 三江鎮 大鰲鎮大澤鎮 古井鎮 羅坑鎮雙水鎮 沙堆鎮 棠下鎮司前鎮 厓門鎮 外海鎮
Trip Manifest & Headtax Paid by Sun Voy Pioneers , 1885-1903
Town
Trips % $ (k) Town Trip
s % $ (k)
沙堆鎮 1,739
24 99.12 雙水鎮 166 2 7.23
古井鎮 1,718
24104.9
1新會城 107 1 4.97
崖門鎮 1,158
16 58.43 江門鎮 89 1 4.11
三江鎮 215 3 11.46 羅坑鎮 94 1 6.01
大澤鎮 198 3 12.76 司前鎮 74 1 3.26
睦洲鎮 176 2 11.05 其他 1,434
20 78.44
Total7,16
8401.7
5
64% of the Sun Voy Poineers Came from 3 Towns
DISTRICT: SUN WOY COUNTY新會縣
Pioneers from three Towns accounted for
64% of the arrivals, 1885-1903:
Towns 鎮 Trips %_
Sartuey 沙堆鎮 1,739 24%
Cooteung 古井鎮 1,718 24%
Ngai Mun 崖門鎮 1,158 16%
• They paid a total of $262,460
• Sun Woy County Total @ $401,746
古井 Cooteung
沙堆 SarTuey梅閣 Moy Gock
崖門 Ngai Mun崖西 Ngai Sai
64% of Sun Voy Pioneers64% of Sun Voy Pioneers came from these two areascame from these two areas
古井 Cooteung
沙堆 SarTuey崖西
Ngai Sai
梅閣 Moy Gock
崖門 Ngai Mun
那伏 NoFok
沙角 Sar Gok
48% of the Head Tax 48% of the Head Tax records from Sun records from Sun
Voy were contributed Voy were contributed by young men from by young men from
this small islandthis small island
Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers 1885-1903
TownshipAge
TownshipAge
Ave
Mdn
Mode
Ave
Mdn
Mode
沙堆鎮 Sartuey
27 26 20 雙水鎮 Song Shui
32 30 40
古井鎮 Cooteung
29 27 20 新會城 Wui Sean
30 30 30
崖門鎮 Ngai Mun
29 28 20 江門鎮 Gong Mun
32 30 30
三江鎮 Sam Kong
29 26 24 羅坑鎮 Law Hang
30 30 33
大澤鎮 Dai Chack
30 28 25 司前鎮 See Chin
30 30 30
睦洲鎮 Mook Jew
30 28 28 其他 Others 29 28 22
新會縣 Sun Voy County: Most arrived at Age 20
29 27 20
Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers
1885-1903Observations
•Most pioneers arrived at Age 20
•The biggest age group was 20 - 24
Postulate
•Most young men came at age 20 – 24
•Arrivals after age 30 were likely residents returning from a home visit to China
新會縣抵加人數1885- June, 1903
1885-June, 1903 年華裔抵加人數 與 新會縣抵加人數
此較
Sun Voy Pioneers, By Occupation1885-1903
Occupation Count % Age Age Range
Ave MdnMod
e
Labourer 5,477 76 29 27 20 8-63
Farmer 629 9 28 26 20 6-54
Merchant 257 4 35 34 30 18-60
Laundry 198 3 32 31 30 18-61
Cook 129 2 29 28 22 11-53
Grocer 82 1 31 30 40 17-51
Cannery 70 1 30 30 30 17-48
Others 137 2 31 31 28 8-51
Total 6,979 97%
Sun Voy PioneersLabourer Profile
1885-1903
Among the 5,477 declared labourers
•Average Age 28.7 • Median Age 27.0
• Mode 20• No. @ Age 20 484• Youngest Age 8• Oldest Age 63
Sun Voy Pioneers, 1885-1903Female Profile
Only 39 Females Landed •Median Age 24•Age Range 3–48•Age 3 to 12, Count 11
Occupation •Housewifes 18•Daughters / Students 4•Servents / Labourer / Laundry 8•Seamstress 3
Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village, 1885-1903
Town Village No. Town Village No.
沙堆鎮 Sarteu
y
梅閣鄉 Moy Kwok
18
古井鎮 Cooteung
古井鄉 Cooteung 5
沙堆鄉 Sarteuy
12煙管嘴 Linguouduey
4
那伏鄉 No Fok 3 南蓢 Nam Long 1 獨洲 ( 汎 ) Tuck Jew
4 慈溪 Thue Kai 1
梅灣鄉 Mowan 2 文樓 Mun low 1
麻沖 Mahtoon 1睦洲鎮 Mok Jew
龍泉 Long Toon 2
吳村 Ng Toon 1牛灣鎮 NnuWan
鍾邊 Jung Ben 1
廣海 Kong hoi
1雙水鎮 Song Seuy
沙富 Sar Foo 1
Others 10羅坑鎮 Law Hong
羅坑里 Law Hong Lee
1
Total = 70
Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village,
1885-1903
Pioneers from Villages of Sartuey Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 Villages No.
Last Name 鄉村 Villages No.
Last Name
沙堆鄉 Sartuey695
廖李胡宋林余 梅灣 Moy
wan37
聶林陸胡宋陳
梅閣鄉 Moy Kok
432
蔣李胡 蓮塘 Lin tong
15 李梁
南安里 ( 梅閣 )
Nam on lee
12 蔣胡 沙涌 Shai chung
11 羅 ?
那伏 No fook165
高易 崖山 Ai san 9 黃李岑
獨洲 ( 汎 ) Uk jew196
林鍾 大洋 Dai jong
4 李馮陳
藤灣 Tin won 67 陳黎 南門 , 新沙 Namon, Sen Sa 4
沙角 Sa gock 33 曾梁 大環 ( 灣 ?)Dai wan
3 余
沙灣 Shar wan
29 鍾林余 大豐村 Dye Foan
2 黃
南邊 Nan ben
20 胡林黃 大樹髻 ?Diseilee
1
麻冲 Mah chung
14 葉 其他 others 2
沙堆鎮人數 Villagers from Sartuey Township 1,739
Pioneers from Villages of Coo Tueng T0wnship, 1885-1903
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
古井鄉 Cotueng
596
吳趙林高薛湯何容 孖洲 Ma chow 37 林
文樓 Mon low
217
吳 山頭 San tow 46 林
長沙 Chong shar
143
薛吳 背坑 Boy hang
29 任李吳余
慈溪 thue kai131
趙李梁容 長樂 Chung lok
22 黃
慈佛( 坳 )
thue foot
31 趙李梁 羅堂 Law kong
17 黎李
霞路 Har loo 96 趙 田寮 Heu lue 13 趙
南蓢 Nam long
74 何梁 仕路 Lin tong 9 林
竹灣 Juck wan
68 趙薛馮 長安 Chong on
6 黃馬
洋邊 Yung ben
63 林容鍾 煙管嘴 Yinguonduey
16 林
網山 Mong san
46 鍾許林 奇石 Kee sack 4 林
官沖 Ko chung
41 林 南海寮其他
Nam hoy lewOthers
49
容
古井鎮人數 Villagers from Coo Tueng Township 1,718
Pioneers from Villages of Ngai Mun Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
新村 sung toon
331
林吳何陳譚容
長崗 ( 長江村 )
Chung Kong
63 陳
黃沖 wong chung
94 黃 水背 soy boy
34 黃
旺沖 wong chung
59 陳 坑口 ?Hang how
34 黃
橫村 Wang chun
13 張 貴美 quai mee
15
京梅 ging moi/boy
78 陳 梁家 / 村 leong ka
11 梁
京背 king boy 20 黃陳 麥田 ?mak doon
8 李黃
三村 sam chun
88 李 荷村 ho chun
43 李林唐
橫水 wong soy
32 陳李容 濠沖 ho chang
7 陳
南合 Nam Hop 58 鍾何 沙崗 sa gong
5 龍
田寮 ten lew 45 李 譚敦 / 譚村 ham doon
13
苹岡 ping gong
41 鍾 屋背 ?Oak boy
5
仙洞 sun dong 29 楊 其他 Others 33
崖門鎮人數 Villagers from Ngai Mun Township 1,158
Pioneers from Villages of Sam Kong 三江 Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 Villages No. Last Name
三江 sam gong 108 趙官田 kon ten 81 鍾湯皮子 pee gee 14 葉
洋美 yong mee 5 容謝沖 cha chong 3 李茶園 char yuen 1 聶茶坑 char hing 1 梁
大洞 dai tong 2 趙
三江鎮人數 Villagers from Sam Kong Township 215
Pioneers from Villages of Dai Jack 大澤 Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
大澤 dai jack 31 余 / 茹 小澤 sew jack
18 梁
呂村 lue toon 32 呂 坑尾 hong mee
17 李凌
北洋 bak yung
29 林 邑美 yap mee
17 余 / 茹袁
龍田 lung hen
30 鍾趙 三水 sam suey
8 黃
其他 Others 11 區村 ow toon
5
大澤鎮人數 Villagers from Dai Jack Township 198
Pioneers from Villages of Mook Jew & Song Shui Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
睦洲 Mook Jew
2 容 雙水 Song Shui
8
龍泉 Lung Chun
174
李鍾劉吳區林呂容 沙富 Shar
Foo106
張鍾林唐劉譚龍黎
羅 ( 家 )灣
Lo (ka) wan
40 李
田心[ 新寧 ?]
Tin sum 4
天台 Tin toy 4 戴北岸 Bak on 2 陳
梅岡 Mui kong
1
富路村 Filookchung
1
睦洲鎮人數 Mook Jew Total = 176
雙水鎮人數 Song Shui Total = 166
Pioneers from Villages of Law Hing & Sue Chin Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
羅坑Law HingNor Hang
14 林 凌村 ( 鶴山 )?
Ning chung
30 譚鍾
石咀 sack joy
49 林 河村 ho chun
18 李林梁
陳沖 chin chung
18 陳 海滘 ( 新 )hoy kow
7 李
嶺背 lung boy
8 林 亨美 ( 白廟鄉 )
Hang Mee
7 凌
吉安 get on 5 許 吉境 Kut King
6 鄧
白廟 pak mui
2 梁
山邊 Shan Ben
3
陳屋 Chin Oak
1 陳
羅坑鎮人數 Law Hing Total = 94
司前鎮人數 Sue Chin Total = 74
Pioneers from Villages of Gong Mon & Ngau Wan Township, 1885-1903
鄉村 VillagesNo.
Last Name
鄉村 Villages No.Last
Name
江門 gong mon
8 鍾邊 jung ben
8 鍾
石沖 sack chung
22 黃李温 咀邊 Joy Ben
4 林
七堡 chat boo
16 黃李
白沙 bak shar
8 陳
潭沖 tam chun
4 李
黃山 wong san
3
龍灣 lung wan
10
水南 Suey Nam
2 李
麻園 ma yuen
3
其他 Others 12
江門鎮人數 Gong Mon Total = 89
牛灣鎮人數 Ngau Wan Total = 12
Pioneers from Villages of Other Townships, 1885-1903
鎮 Towns 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name
杜阮鎮 Doo yuen 雙龍 Shong Lung 9 馮天湖鄉 ( 羅坑鎮 ?) Tin Woo
龍門 Lung moon 8 趙陳
瀧水都 Lung Soy平安 Ping on錦江 Kam kong
33 夏
荷塘鎮 Ho tang
荷塘 Ho tang良村 ( 梁村 ) Leong toon龍肚灣 Long two wan
541
潮連鎮 Chew lin潮連 Chew lin豸尾 ? Jak mee
53
盧盧
棠下鎮 Tong Har
南安 / 南安里 nam on lee
14 温容
新昌 sun dang 2 容新安 sun on安塘 ann tong
42
其他鎮鄉 Villagers from other Townships
1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour
Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之Pow Chee 鮑熾Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌
1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour
Mar. 3, 1903 Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 and his entourage arrived at Vancouver as tourists, on MV. Empress of India:
•Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 age 30, 5ft 5in, of Senwey 新會 [ 茶坑 ], boarded from Yokohama 橫濱
His entourage boarded from Hong Kong•Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之 age 24, 5ft 5.5in, of Yokohama •Pow Chee 鮑熾 age 46, 5ft 4in, of Hung San 香山•Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌 age 17, of Yokohama
Their $100 Head Tax was refunded on Mar. 15
Immigration file: Microfilm C9512 e0060668
Visit of Kang Yu Wei 康有為
Kang Yu Wei 康有為Li Yung
1899 “Diplomatic” Visit of Kang Yu Wei
• June – Sept., 1898 Wushu Reform 戊戌變法• Kang Yu Wei 康有為 and his secretary Li Yung
arrived in Victoria on April 7, 1899• They were registered on April 12, 1899• Kang Yu Wei, age 42, 5ft 2in, of Nan Hoy 南海
diplomatic corps, exempted from Head Tax• Li Yang, age 27, 5ft 3.5in, Nan Hoy, secretary, exempted from Head Tax• They boarded the MV Igumi Maru at
Yokohama, Japan• Immigration file: Microfilm C9512 e0060666
Summary
• Most pioneers first arrived at Age 20
• The bulk of them came between 20 - 24
• Most came as labourers (5,477 )
• Other occupation groups, other than clergy or actors, best represent returnees from China
• 48% of Sun Voy pioneers came from a small island where CooTeung town 古井鎮 & Sartuey town 沙堆鎮 are located
• 16% of the pioneers came from Ngai Mun town 崖門鎮 which lies across the water
Further Studies
Observations• The Year of Registration represents the date when Head Tax was assessed (upon or after landing)• Year of Arrival represents the date when the passenger first landed• The digital record for Year of Arrival must be verified for accuracy and errors •Grouping by Townships 鎮 or Administration Regions 區 changes with time. • The assignment of villages to Townships in this study should be verified for accuracy
Reference Sites Library and Archives Canada
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca Immigrants from China, 1885 -1949
ww.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/chinese-immigrants/index-e.html
Census of Canada, 1871 www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/census-1871/index-e.html
Census of Canada, 1881 Census of Canada, 1891
B.C. Archives search.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/sn-5B5E0F9/gbsearch
ReferencesMulticultural Canada
Chinese Times 大漢公報 1914-1992
www.multiculturalcanada.ca/node/31107
The Chung Collection
chung.library.ubc.ca/collection/details/6000
National Digital Library of China 中國國家數字圖書館
方誌 res4.nlc.gov.cn/home/search.trs?method=advSearch&resourceid=7
1901 Census records for NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C.
automatedgenealogy.com/census/District.jsp?id=2 New Westminster Public Library, Heritage and Local History
nwheritage.org