19581980190319111956197219541962
1833 1859 1895 25 19141894 19041906 1911 1921
1913 20 Ne22Ne191919221916 ICP1922 192519591931 19381940 194219481941 19441952
1943 19691946 19691946 19521950 19711954 1965 197519911991
()()
Quantitative analysis Qualilative analysis
100
analyte, target species
1663
1824 ()
-(Lambert-Beer law) 18251854 NaHCaNi CsRbTlInGa
1909()19171923
1922F.W. 1923F. 1925R.A. 1926T. 1943G. 1948A. W. K. 1952A.J.P. R.L.M. 1959J. 1960W.F.
1969O. K.H.R. 1970 L.F. 1971G. 1982A. 1985J. H.A. X1991R.R.
1960 :
NeNeH2 202220.18
20Ne22Ne
Ne 53287212H 489264225
1919501922192119451925,1/10000(1922)(1942)1922F.W. Francis William Aston18771945
Agilent7500ICP-MS
6 X
10-12
100Tswett () 204050paper chromatography,PC(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)
1952JamesMartingas chromatography,GC)
2060High performance liquid chromatograghy,HPLC
1931NOBEL Kuhn)VaVb2193819481948 19501952
19251930193519404: 19481948A.W.K. Tiselius 19021971
1952AJP Martin 1910 RLM19521953AT
.19521952(Synge, Millington,1914)
MartinSynge19521941MartinSynge19442218194824Ri195229Ri
HPLC n=104/LC80%
H
1)2)Ce(III)Ce(IV)3)4) Ca2+K+5)
1925- 192619351941
19381950195260107109 2 4-5
(18451923) 1895X1901X20
(18791960) 1912XX1914
XX X
1913X191525 L.(18901971) H.(18621942)
X
1953X DNA) 1962
XX( )XX( )XX( )X X( )X( .)
1X X234 5.X6
1969(Hassell,Odd,1897-1981) X61969
1969,D.H.R. Derek Harold Richard Barton 1918401945194960,1969
80
1985H.A. Herbert Aaron Hauptman1917 X50 J.195019555670,1985
1985 Karle,Jerome,1918- XX1985
1927 X103106 104105mm X(H)
K0.3MoO3
g-Fe
a-Fe
Principle of STM
The Positioning of Atoms or Molecules on Surfaces
Molecules Manipulation
Atomic Manipulation
Applications of AFMDrug-induced bending of DNA
Applications of AFMDNA molecules being degraded by the enzyme Dnase I
()
-UV-VisIRMFSMPS AESAASAFSXXFS
19711971Herzberg,Gerhard,1904
1 NMR 2 EPR 3 ESCA 4 XXNMR|EPR|ESCA
(real time)(in situ)(in vivo)
1. 2. 3. 4. 2000A45. 59