Youth Integrated Services Youth Integrated Services

Group 2 “ 全人犯氣工心” Members:

Cheung Mei Ka, Wendy 5057 3295Chiu Shuk Man, Dorothy 5055 0270

Choi Wing Ching, Drink 5055 6201Lee Wing Chuen, 9 5056 2115

Li Ka Cheong, 西芹 5057 2194Man Hoi I, Joyce 5048 8285

Tse Ping Kin, Tony 5058 4408 Wong Tsz Yan, Joan 5055 9528

Yan Ho Ki, Yanki 5047 2670

Presentation flowPresentation flow

Models of IntegrationAdvantages of integrationDisadvantages of integrationDifficulties in implementation and

solutions to youth IT teamsOur comments

Models of

Integration in Youth IT teams

Client-oriented integrationClient-oriented integration One stop services In response to client’s characteristics and needs

Characteristics or needs of Youth•Recreational needs•Personal growth •Self image•Behavioral problems•Emotional problems

counseling

support group

career guidance

Educational programsABC/ leadership trainings

outreaching

1. Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups (HKFYG) Heng Fa Chuen Youth S.P.O.Ts. (C & Y setting)

2. 童軍之友社 - 賽馬會朗屏青少年服務中心

they provide services according to ever-changing needs and expectations of HK’s youth

Client-oriented integration Client-oriented integration Example Example

Client-oriented integration Client-oriented integration ExampleExample

services: interest classes, counseling, ABC or leadership training, educational program, outreaching and career guidance, etc.

Aims:

to provide various services for a teenager

to provide service to different teenagers having the same needs

Professional-oriented integration Professional-oriented integration

Different professional join together

E.g. Social Worker + Probation Officer work together in helping young offender

Professional-oriented integrationProfessional-oriented integrationexampleexample

1. 童軍之友社 - 賽馬會朗屏青少年服務中心

Outreach Social Worker co-work with Police to exchange information about particular marginal youth

成長的天空 : Social worker co-work with teacher for better development of students

Method-oriented integrationMethod-oriented integration

Use three social work practice methods to tackle with different level of client’s problem or needs.

e.g. case, group and community work

Method-oriented integrationMethod-oriented integrationExampleExample

1. Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups (HKFYG) Heng Fa Chuen Youth S.P.O.Ts.

Providing counseling, group work and programs Aims:to provide guidance, care and support for young people which h

elp them to tackle with crisis and problems in developmental process.

to strengthen their self image; enhance their intra-personal communication skills, problem-solving and coping capacities, as well as positive attitudes.

to enhance their civic mindedness and encourage them to participate in community affairs and volunteer services.

Agency oriented integrationAgency oriented integration Different agencies join together as partnership

Example:路德會社會服務處 ~ 賽馬會海濱花園綜合服務中心 This agency cooperate with schools and churches (also

from LCHKS) to concern child /youth problems in projects

to share resources, alert common issues facing by child/youth

Locality-oriented integration Locality-oriented integration

Within one area, different agencies or workers join together

respond to hot issues such as family violence

Example:- 上水綜合家庭服務中心 co-work with 賽馬會天平青少

年綜合服務中心舉辦 < 一家親無壓力親子宿營 >- 西元朗綜合家庭服務中心 co-work with 元朗區童軍之

友社舉辦 < 朗日計劃 >

Community-based planningCommunity-based planning

Collective approach

collaboration between workers and community members to assess the needs of youth in local context

cooperated agencies define their direction and formulate their specific objectives

common vision are shared

Community-based planningCommunity-based planning

1. Assessment of community needs

2. Diagnosis of needed change

3. Implementation of change through a series of appropriate and well planned services or programs

4. Effective coordination and monitoring

5. Evaluation of outcomes of implementation

Community-based planningCommunity-based planningExample Example

童軍之友社 - 賽馬會朗屏青少年服務中心

It is located in Yuen Long district It established linkages between IFSCs, Carita

s and other agencies in assessing the community needs

Case conferences and meetings are frequently organized

Advantages Advantages of of

IntegrationIntegrationin Youth IT Centersin Youth IT Centers

SummarySummary1. More comprehensive to work with client’s needs

2. Help to build up the relationship with teenagers

3. Manpower deployed and resources allocated flexibly

4. Self improvement of social workers

5. Closer relationship between colleagues

6. Equal opportunities to use the resources among target groups

7. School can provide a great source of member to IT

1. More comprehensive to work with 1. More comprehensive to work with clients’ needsclients’ needs

Before integration: the service units were divided separately, cannot provide a holistic care and se

rvice to service users. ( 羅致光 , 1997)

After integration: An agency can provide holistic services units to service users Multi-level Intervention Approach Service users can get all services in one place more convenience help clients to resolve their problems themselves and meet their needs in a mor

e effective way

E.g. In the past, any case with family problem will probably be referred to IFSC as soon as possible. Yet, IT workers need to deal with them directly unless it is a very serious case. An IT center provides various kinds of services for service user, such as services in school, school social worker, children and family work, youth work, outreaching work and community work. Therefore, a youth and his/her family can enjoy the services comprehensively.

2. Help to build up the relationship with teenagers2. Help to build up the relationship with teenagers

Due to multi-intervention approach, case referrals from agency to agency and transfers from worker to worker within agency

would not break up the rapport with teenagers avoid obstructing the intervention progress or withdrawal of seeking he

lp save client’s time increase clients’ sense of belonging more time to develop relationship between worker and teenagers

E.g. Caritas Integrated Service Centre for Young People – Stanley, there is service for young night drifters (YND), outreach workers mainly take up youths at midnight, they attempt to help those who are at risk retain a routine and healthy lifestyle. Having a day shift, they can hold group activities for the youths in day time for a change in their lifestyle. Workers do not need to transfer cases to day time colleagues who then need to establish relationship again with the youths

3. Manpower deployed and resources allocated flexibly3. Manpower deployed and resources allocated flexibly

Integrated social service for young people does not just focus on centre-based service, but also school work outreaching work and family education ( 莫家強 , 1997)

As the focus is on the young people and the community, the agency can allocate the resources more flexibly to match up their needs through providing multi-intervention point (centre – school – outreaching)

E.g. In 童軍之友社 - 賽馬會朗屏青少年服務中心 , if centre and school do not have enough workers to handle work, daily outreach workers may be assigned to stay in centre

4. Self improvement of social workers 4. Self improvement of social workers

Workers can have more chances to try different working methods The concept of “integration” including workers’ integration of

working methods Such as case work, family and youth group work, counseling,

outreaching, etc. Can enhance workers’ knowledge of working methods

E.g. In Caritas Integrated Service Centre for Young People – Stanley, outreach workers may have chance to deal with youths’ families, this pushes them to self-learn relevant knowledge by reading or discussing with colleagues.

5. Closer relationship between colleagues5. Closer relationship between colleagues More discussions and support among staff can gi

ve a higher morale

E.g. In 童軍之友社 - 賽馬會朗屏青少年服務中心 , work distribution for schools, centre and outreach is reasonable. Workers cooperate well among themselves. The atmosphere is supportive between supervisors, IC and workers.

6. Equal opportunities among target groups6. Equal opportunities among target groups

Different target groups are given equal opportunities to participate in centre activities

E.g. Even marginal youths can be welcomed undoubtedly to utilize centre services as they are listed as targets

7. School can provide a great source of member to IT7. School can provide a great source of member to IT

Can promote activities in school

Through providing a chain of services in school, students can have more understanding and familiar with the IT team and workers

Maybe it can transfer the case to IT team to follow up

School is the market for worker to observe what are the student’s needs, in order to provide suitable services to service users

Disadvantages Disadvantages of of

Integration Integration in Youth IT Centersin Youth IT Centers

SummarySummary

1. The resources are misapplied and become a waste

2. The quality of services are difficult to monitor

3. Increased workload, stress and demoralization

4. IT setting is lack of a professional image

5. Service delivery bounded by district boundaries

1. The resources are misapplied and become a waste1. The resources are misapplied and become a waste

Client can get the service from an IT setting easily without spending any cost.

Intake process is simple, less screening process or other barriers to targets

Service would be easily misapplied (Perlmutter et. Al., 1979; 羅維安 , 1997) because clients and workers may not cherish the resources so much.

2. The quality of services are difficult to monitor2. The quality of services are difficult to monitor

In terms of the economic perspective, to implement integration means to have less competition between different settings (school, centre, outreaching). The IT setting would not have to compare with other setting in order to improve its quality ( 羅維安 , 1997).

Clients under a IT team will normally take the services

(counseling, group, etc) from the same team when they build up relationship with workers. Less chance for them to compare the services provided from other teams. So, clients can monitor less concerning the quality of services

3. Increased workload, stress, demoralization 3. Increased workload, stress, demoralization Due to multi-level intervention approach, worke

rs need to deal with more tasks than before, frequency of over-time working hours increases

Thus, less time can be spent with families and friends, affecting workers’ health and morale decreases working efficiency

4. IT setting is lack of a professional image4. IT setting is lack of a professional image To achieve the holistic perspective, IT team requires workers to move

away from a specialist approach towards a generalist approach

However, the increasing demand for professional service and quality work created tremendous pressures on them, especially for those who have insufficient knowledge on integrated approaches may be doubted about their profession.

E.g. Outreach workers used to communicate with youth and deal with case work, they may face difficulties while they are told to intervene with the youth’s family. This arrangement may not beneficial to the youths.

This might somehow lower the quality of services rather than improving as expected. The image of IT setting is thought to be “lacking of professional skills” and thus giving less confidence to client to provide relevant services to them. ( 羅維安 , 1997)

5. Service delivery bounded by district boundaries5. Service delivery bounded by district boundaries

To avoid large workload, some staff put too much effort on defining the boundaries of responsible district area

still have service gap and may give risk to service users when they really need help but left unattended

Difficulties inDifficulties inImplementation & Implementation &

SolutionsSolutionsin Youth IT Centersin Youth IT Centers

SummarySummary

1. Contradiction in resource allocation

2. Dilemmas in working attitude, value and objective 3. Frequent staff turnover

4. Failure in adaptation

5. Producing a negative centre image

6. Failure in integrating different target groups

1. Contradiction in resources allocation1. Contradiction in resources allocation

Difficulty Solution

Due to limited resources from lum-sum grant, there may be a contradiction in the fairness and equality of resources allocation after integration

e.g. in 路德會社會服務處 ~ 賽馬會海濱花園綜合服務中心 , after calculation and considerations which relate to a large amount of expenditure and geographic location (teenagers in the region mostly come from middle-income families, less delinquents and less amount of teenagers there)

1. Some services may be exploited or cut the resources after integration e.g. outreaching team, which mainly spends money but not earn money for agency

e.g. Outreach team is cut. More resources are focused on primary school students (e.g. interest class)

2. Dilemmas in working attitude, values and objective2. Dilemmas in working attitude, values and objective Difficulty Solutions

• Staff may hold different perception to youths, which leads to conflicts among workers and even demoralization in the IT team

e.g. some centre staff think that marginal youth only bring troubles to them, so marginal youth are not actually welcomed to centre to the extent. If marginal youths smoke outside the centre’s entrance, this act may be acceptable by the outreach workers but disliked by centre workers. Conflicts may then easily occur

Failure in communication among staff could create tension, argument, and misunderstanding

1. Effective communication (sharing and exchange their values) among staff and make consensus to handle the youths

2. Effective supervisor’s intervention is also needed, when there is difficulty to reach a consensus due to large team of staff with different experiences, emphases, orientation and work focuses

3. Frequent staff turnover3. Frequent staff turnover

Difficulty Solutions

• Some staff may resign if they find that they cannot afford the increased workload and stress anymore

this may obstruct the improvement progress of individual service user or worse still, induce withdrawal of seeking help. However, it is not always an easy task to take up their cases for another worker. The service target will then left and may be difficult to contact anymore.

1. State clearly the working area and workload before any new employment

2. In-service training about work management

4. Failure in adaptation4. Failure in adaptation

Difficulty Solutions

The workers are required to experience other work types, different intervention methods and working conditions

They may fail to adapt the changes

1.Staff orientation

2.In-service training e.g. crisis management and mediation skills, family therapy)

5. Producing a negative centre image5. Producing a negative centre imageDifficulty Solutions

• Upon integration, marginal youths who visited their workers would hand around in IT centres; their frequent presence will easily produce a negative image to centre.

E.g. If they smoke outside the centre and dress like “bad guys”, parents may think that the centres might not be a proper place for their children as they afraid their children would learn bad behaviours if they get along with the marginal youth.

1. Consider more when recruiting marginal youth to join centre activities which involve other target groups, e.g. whether the marginal youth can keep peace and follow rules claimed to them

2. While holding activities in IT centres, need to set rules for marginal youth and make sure that they will conform

3. While renting space of IT centres, choose a suitable time so that conflicts between marginal and conventional youths can be avoided

6. Failure in integrating different target groups6. Failure in integrating different target groups

Difficulty Solutions• Social integration is difficult among

different target groups as they have different cultures.

e.g. For marginal youth, they may be more active and play around loudly in centres. For conventional youth, they are more likely to concentrate on study or discussing homework in centres. Conflict and discrimination sometimes occur as the marginal youth are thought to be annoying.

Workers’ intervention like choosing a suitable time for renting space of IT centres as to avoid conflict between the youths somehow further lessen their chance of interaction.

1. Voluntary programme including both type of youths (after some training to marginal youth, making sure that they can communicate and behave well with others)

2. Adventure activities – let the marginal and conventional youths develop their potential and see each others’ charming points

3. Community education to reduce discrimination towards the disadvantaged youths

Our Our CommentsComments

SummarySummary

1. Community- based planning VS Funding based

2. Government hasn’t a complete integrity of youth policy

3. Quality of education in institution

4. Real integration?

Upon integration, youth IT settings can have a better

community-based planning & provide a variety of services for youths, being more responsive to their needs.

Services such as the interest classes, parenting groups, outreach team and projects related to poverty alleviation are often available.

An integrated approach facilitates more cooperation among different services and professions.

1. Community- based planning VS Funding based (1)1. Community- based planning VS Funding based (1)

Yet, it can be argued that the provision of services in fact

depends on what kind of funded- projects they have bided, neglecting the potential needs of the community and affecting the service quality.

We found that workers are more incentive to those projects which can help centers to earn more money. Many centers and schools hold hands to work on proposals and projects bidding.

Does it imply that many NGOs are lacking of resources?

1. Community- based planning VS Funding based (2)1. Community- based planning VS Funding based (2)

1. Community- based planning VS Funding based (3)1. Community- based planning VS Funding based (3)

Integration emphasizes on the totality and multiple

interventions which require more resource involvement and investment in the services.

Remaining lum-sum grant may not be enough to support youth services, then how to use the limited resources to satisfy the community needs together with providing comprehensive integration services? So, centers and school workers are encouraged to put more effort on funded projects.

Sometimes, most of the services are not planned and provided until the community crisis broke out. That means the community based services are mainly remedial measures, but not preventive.

22. Government does not have a complete integrity . Government does not have a complete integrity of youth policyof youth policy

The phenomenon of funding-based services may imply that there are limited substitution and support from the government in youth services integration.

The government is not active to play the role in a sense that providing less resources to encourage the totality in youth services.

2. Government does not have a complete integrity 2. Government does not have a complete integrity of youth policyof youth policy

In HK, there is a variety of youth service units providing different services for youth in their own ways, such as bidding more projects and proposals with more funding and grant.

As discussed previously, this trend may adversely affect the quality of services in the long run, contributing to a failure in achieving the goal of integrating works and services completely.

So, the Government should provide adequate supports and having better planning in the integration projects, by showing successful demonstrations to provide more funding and grants to the NGOs

3. Quality of education in institution3. Quality of education in institution

Some dimension of advantages and disadvantages are just two sides of the same coin

E.g. An multi-level approach can make social workers more self-initiative to learn and discuss with colleagues for a better intervention. Yet, it also gives tremendous pressure on them due to insufficient knowledge on integrated approaches. This may then induce service users’ doubt to their profession.

To some extent, the development of integration may depends on the workers’ self values and initiation, which indeed ought to be greatly influenced by the nourishment in their institution.

4. Real integration?4. Real integration?Currently, Are youth IT services undergoing a real integration or just a

combination of services ?

A real integration is assumed to aim at youths’ needs to provide them with integrated services by case, group and programs and being done by workers who identify themselves to integrate knowledge and skills in different settings, while..

a combination of services only a superficial combining different services together, while separate and distribute the work back to “centre worker”, “school worker” or “outreach worker”

However, it depends on the culture and direction of organization, and the person who manage and allocate recourses in the IT team.

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