xunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqti xunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqti€¦ · tinCuda, beJuda (naCadas...

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levan azmaifaraSvili

xunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqtixunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqtixunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqtixunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqti

(gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni)

TbilisiTbilisiTbilisiTbilisi

2012012012010000

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sarCevi

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali ..................................................................................................................................................................

fonetika fonetika fonetika fonetika

vokalizmi..............................................................................................................................................................

1. xmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba........................................................................................................

2. xmovanTa palatalizaciis (umlautizaciis Sesaxeb)............................................

3. xmovanTa Seyra (hiatusi) ..................................................................................................................

4. difTongebi da maTi cvla................................................................................................................

5. xmovanTa monacvleoba...........................................................................................................................

6. maxvili da masTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri movlenebi.............................

7. reduqcia..............................................................................................................................................................

8. xmovanTa asimilacia...............................................................................................................................

9. kveca.........................................................................................................................................................................

konsonantizmi...................................................................................................................................................

1. xunZuri enis TanxmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba...........................................................

2. konsonantizmis Taviseburebani anwuxur dialeqtSi ..........................................

3. fonetikuri procesebi TanxmovnebSi......................................................................................

saxelisaxelisaxelisaxeli

arsebiTi saxeli............................................................................................................................................

1. gramatikuli klasi...................................................................................................................................

2. ricxvi....................................................................................................................................................................

3. arsebiT saxelTa bruneba..................................................................................................................

4. adgilobiT (lokatiur) brunvaTa Taviseburebani...................................................

zedsarTavi saxeli....................................................................................................................................

ricxviTi saxeli...........................................................................................................................................

nacvalsaxeli....................................................................................................................................................

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zzzzmnamnamnamna.....................................................................................................................................................................................

1. zmnis gramatikuli klasi da ricxvi................................................................................

2. klas-niSniani da uklas-niSno zmnebi...............................................................................

3. r- TavsarTian zmnaTa istoriisaTvis...............................................................................

4. gardamavloba da gardauvaloba............................................................................................

5. infinitivi......................................................................................................................................................

6. dro: awmyo zogadi, martivi myofadi, namyo ZiriTadi....................................

7. absolutivi...................................................................................................................................................

8. meSveli zmna.................................................................................................................................................

9. zmnur formaTa aRweriTi warmoeba.....................................................................................

10. gvari...................................................................................................................................................................

11. kauzativi........................................................................................................................................................

12. brZanebiTi kilo....................................................................................................................................

13. pirobiTi kilo........................................................................................................................................

14. zmnis uaryofiTi formebi............................................................................................................

15. masdari.............................................................................................................................................................

16. mimReoba..........................................................................................................................................................

udetrebiudetrebiudetrebiudetrebi

1. zmnisarTi.....................................................................................................................................................

2. kavSiri.............................................................................................................................................................

3. nawilaki.......................................................................................................................................................

sintaqsisintaqsisintaqsisintaqsi

saxeluri Sesityveba (atributuli sintagma).......................................................

zmnuri Sesityveba (predikatuli sintagma)...........................................................

teqstebiteqstebiteqstebiteqstebi......................................................................................................................................................................

leqsikonileqsikonileqsikonileqsikoni.................................................................................................................................................................

literatura..................................................................................................................................................................

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SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

xunZuri ena mdidaria dialeqtebiT da metadre kilokav-TqmebiT.

specialistebis mier gamoyofilia sami ZiriTadi dialeqti da erTic _

gardamavali; esenia: Crdilouri anu xunxunxunxunZaZaZaZaxuxuxuxuriririri, samxruli _ananananwuwuwuwuxuxuxuxuriririri da

WaWaWaWarurururulililili, gardamavali Crdiloursa da samxrul dialeqtebs Soris _ hihihihi----

durdurdurdur----anananandadadadalalalalalurlurlurlur----yayayayararararaxuxuxuxulililili kilokav-Tqmebi (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 6-7).

bolo droindel gamokvlevebSi xunZuri enis dialeqtTa da

kilokav-TqmaTa klasifikacia kidev ufro dazustda da Seivso, Tumca

igi mainc saWiroebs Semdgom daxvewas. amJamad gamoyofen dialeqtTa da

kilokav-TqmaTa Semdeg jgufebs:

Crdilour xunZur dialeqtTa jgufi, romelSic Sedis

aRmosavluriaRmosavluriaRmosavluriaRmosavluri, ssssalaTaurialaTaurialaTaurialaTauri da xunZaxurixunZaxurixunZaxurixunZaxuri dialeqtebi.

samxrul xunZur dialeqtTa jgufi: andalaluriandalaluriandalaluriandalaluri dialeqti

(kilokav-Tqmebi: Woxuri, Ramsutluri, suRraTluri, buxtiburi,

oboxuri, hotoW-xindaxuri, kohoribuli, kuiaduri, ruRJuli, salturi),

anwuxurianwuxurianwuxurianwuxuri (kilokav-Tqmebi: tomuruli, bohnoduri, tlanaduri, toxuri,

Wadaqolouri, anwros-unhaduri), yaraxuliyaraxuliyaraxuliyaraxuli (kilokavebi: zemoyaraxuli,

qvemoyaraxuli, risibuli, tleseruxuli, muyratluri), hidurihidurihidurihiduri,

baTluxuribaTluxuribaTluxuribaTluxuri, qusuruliqusuruliqusuruliqusuruli, zaqaTaluri zaqaTaluri zaqaTaluri zaqaTaluri anu WaruliWaruliWaruliWaruli (es ukanaskneli

warmodgenilia azerbaijanSi).

e.w. narevi kiloebi (смешанные говоры): yahiburiyahiburiyahiburiyahiburi, yeleburiyeleburiyeleburiyeleburi, untiburiuntiburiuntiburiuntiburi,

SulaniburiSulaniburiSulaniburiSulaniburi, bawaduri bawaduri bawaduri bawaduri (aleqseevi, aTaevi, 1998, 23-28; saidova, 2008, 23-28).

Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis safuZvlad Crdilouri dialeqti,

xunZaxurixunZaxurixunZaxurixunZaxuri, gvevlineba.

anwuxuri dialeqtisanwuxuri dialeqtisanwuxuri dialeqtisanwuxuri dialeqtis gavrcelebis areali moicavs daRestnis

respublikis samxreT-dasavleT teritorias, Tlaratis administraciul

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raions. anwuxurSi, rogorc ukve iTqva, gamoiyofa kilokavebi: toxuritoxuritoxuritoxuri

(rusulenovan literaturaSi es kilokavi cnobilia saxeliT Ташский

говор), WadaqolouriWadaqolouriWadaqolouriWadaqolouri, anwrosanwrosanwrosanwros----unhaduriunhaduriunhaduriunhaduri, bohnoduribohnoduribohnoduribohnoduri, tomtomtomtomuruliuruliuruliuruli,

tlanaduritlanaduritlanaduritlanaduri.

TiToeuli dasaxlebuli punqti (sofeli) anwuxis teritoriaze

xasiaTdeba sakuTari specifikuri TqmiT, gamoirCeva metyvelebis

TaviseburebiT.

anwuxeli xunZebi amJamad saxloben saqarTveloSic, kaxeTis

teritoriaze, yvarlis raionis sofel TivSiTivSiTivSiTivSi. . . . mcire nawili xunZebisa

cxovrobs qalaq lagodexis erT-erT ubanSi _kalinovkaSi. kaxeTis

mkvidri xunZebi metyveleben anwuxuri dialeqtis totototoxursaxursaxursaxursa da WaWaWaWadadadadaqoqoqoqo----

lolololourururur kilokavebze.

TviT daRestanSi toxuri kilokavistoxuri kilokavistoxuri kilokavistoxuri kilokavis Tqmebi warmodgenilia

Tlaratis raionis Semdeg soflebSi: t¾obzoda, anÄada, hebRuta, maÄli,

h´orta (xidibis sasoflo sabWo), rosta, nit¾ida, tanada, nuruÃ, sinida,

tamuda, x½oboÃ, Sidib (mazadas sasoflo sabWo), JaJada, h¾ot¾ob,

tinCuda, beJuda (naCadas sasoflo sabWo).

Wadaqolouri kilokaviWadaqolouri kilokaviWadaqolouri kilokaviWadaqolouri kilokavissss Tqmebi gavrcelebulia imave raionis

soflebSi: Wadaqolob, maWar, yalda, Wododa, Rot¾-roSu, ancuÃ,

qoboSida (saidova, 2008, 24-25).

sakuTar Tavs anwuxelebi uwodeben amcamcamcamc ´́́́uÃauÃauÃauÃa-s (mr. amcamcamcamc ´́́́uÃaluÃaluÃaluÃal

“anwuxelebi”), xolo mSobliur metyvelebas – amcamcamcamc ´́́́uÃazul mawuÃazul mawuÃazul mawuÃazul maw ´́́́

“anwuxelTa ena”. kaxeTis mkvidr xunZebs saxelwodebebi “xunZi”,

“xunZuri” eucxoebaT, vinaidan maTSi moiazreben “xunZaxelsa” da

“xunZaxurs”. qarTulad saubrisas sakuTar Tavs mezobeli

qarTvelebiviT uwodeben leks, xolo mSobliur enas – lekurs an

avaruls.

anwuxelebi kaxeTSi XIX saukunis 50-iani wlebidan damkvidrebulan,

Tumca isini aq kidev ufro adre – XVIII saukuneSi gamoCndnen.

axlandeli yvarlis raionis teritoriaze maT daaarses ori sofeli –

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TiviTiviTiviTivi da TebeljoxiTebeljoxiTebeljoxiTebeljoxi. sofel TivSi damkvidrdnen Wadaqoloelebi, xolo

TebeljoxSi – toxis anu landis Temidan gadmosaxlebuli anwuxelebi.

1944 wels am soflebis mcxovrebni, mosaxleobisagan dacarielebuli

teritoriebis Sevsebis mizniT, iZulebiT gadaasaxles CeCneTis

teritoriis im nawilze, romelic imJamad daRestnis avtonomiur

respublikas miakuTvnes. 1955-1956 wlebSi xunZebma saqarTveloSi

dabruneba iwyes. Tavdapirvelad isini qarTul soflebSi gansaxldnen,

xolo Semdeg xelaxla dafuZndnen sofel TivSi, sadac TebeljoxelTa

nawilmac moiyara Tavi. amJamad mosaxleobis umetesoba sof. TivSi

Wadaqoloelia, xolo aq mcxovrebi yofili Tebeljoxelebi (yof.

Tebeljoxis adgilas dRes aravin cxovrobs) warmoSobiT toxis

Temidan arian. am ukansknelTa ricxvi TivSi SedarebiT mcirea.

sofeli Tivi uSualod emezobleba sof. axalsofels (am soflebs

erTmaneTisagan yofs mdinare avanisxevi). sof. axalsoflis sakrebulos

2008 wlis monacemebiT, sof. TivSi bolo droisaTvis aRiricxeba 277

komli da 976 adamiani. arcTu mcire nawili Tivelebisa, gansakuTrebiT

axalgazrdoba, periodulad daRestans (umetesad q. mahaCyalaSi)

miemgzavreba da xangrZlivad rCeba iq samuSaod. xdeba isec, rom

wasulebi mSobliur sofels iSviaTad da isic xanmokle droiT

CamoakiTxaven xolme. amgvari viTareba ki, cxadia, gavlenas unda

axdendes maT metyvelebazec.

arcTu didi xnidan sofel TivSi funqcionireba iwyo qarTulma

skolam, uwindeli rusuli saSualo skolis nacvlad. dawyebiTi

klasebidan aq calke sagnebad iswavleba xunZuri ena da literatura.

mosaxleobis mniSvnelovanma nawilma icis qarTuli ena. zogi

Tavisuflad metyvelebs qarTulad, zogi SedarebiT sustad.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTulis codnis xarisxi sof. Tivis mosaxleobaSi

ar aris gansazRvruli molaparakis genderuli an asakobrivi

kuTvnilebiT. bolo xanebSi qarTulis codna anwuxel axalgazrdebSi

kidev ufro izrdeba.

garkveul gavlenas sof. Tivis anwuxur metyvelebaze axdens

saliteraturo xunZuri. axalgazrdebis saubarSi gamoereva xolme

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saliteraturo formebi. xdeba isec, rom ama Tu im sityvas Tu frazas

anwuxurad ver ixseneben da ufrosebs daekiTxebian xolme.

sof. Tivis metyvelebis daxasiaTebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is

garemoebac, rom amJamindeli mosaxleoba am soflisa Sedgeba anwuxis

Temis (amJamindeli Tlaratis raioni daRestnis respublikaSi)

sxvadasxva adgilebidan gadmosaxlebulTagan da, Sesabamisad, farTo

gasaqani hqonda adre da dResac aqvs interferenciul procesebs,

kerZod, toxisa da Wadaqolos sxvadasxva soflebis TqmaTaTvis

damaxasiaTebel fonetikur, morfologiur, leqsikur, sintaqsur

movlenaTa Serevasa da urTierTgavlenebs.

xunZuri enis dialeqtTa da kilokav-TqmaTa mecnierul Seswav-

las didi xnis istoria ara aqvs. XVIII saukunis 70-ian wlebSia Caweri-

li (1771-1772) iohan-anton giuldenStedtis leqsikuri masala, romelic

warmodgenilia xunZuri enis sam dialeqtze: anwuxurze, Warulze da

xunZaxurze (Reisen durch Russland und im Caucasishen Gebửrge, II) ; es masalaa:

cxovelTa, frinvelTa, saojaxo nivTebis, liTonebis, ciur sxeulTa da

bunebis movlenaTa, wlis droTa saxelebi, nacvalsaxelebi, ricxviTi

saxelebi, xSirad xmarebuli zedsarTavebi da zmnebi (daax. 275-mde si-

tyva). SedarebiT metia masala anwuxursa da Warul dialeqtebze. aRsa-

niSnavia, rom es masala saqarTveloSia (kaxeTSi, erekle meoris karze)

mopovebuli.

i.giuldenStedtis masala, SeiZleba iTqvas, warmoadgens xunZuri

enis yvelaze Zvel dokumentacias. ufro adrindeli periodidan cnobi-

lia mxolod calkeuli epigrafikuli warwerebi, Sesrulebuli qarTu-

li (XIV s.) da ufro gviandeli xanisa _ arabuli anbaniT (XVII-XVIII

ss.).

1814 wels gamovida iulius klaproTis Sroma kavkasiuri enebis

Sesaxeb "Kaukasishe Sprachen. Anhang zur Reise in den Kaukasus und nach Georgien". am

naSromSi leqsikuri masalis garda, warmodgenilia gramatikuli daxa-

siaTebis cdac xunZuri enisa (metad fragmentuli da naklulevani) da

gabmuli metyvelebis nimuSebi calkeuli frazebis saxiT. leqsikuri ma-

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sala klaproTis SromaSi warmodgenilia Semdeg dialeqtebze: xunZaxu-

ri, andalaluri ("samxrul xunZuri"), anwuxuri, Waruli.

xunZuri enis pirveli mecnierul-gramatikuli mimoxilva mogvca an-

ton Sifnerma (Versuch über das awarishe, 1862); esaa arcTu didi moculobis

naSromi (Sedgeba 53 gverdisagan), romelic garkveulwilad warmoadgens

pirvel warmatebul daxasiaTebas xunZuri enis fonetikisa da morfo-

logiisa. naSroms erTvis teqstebi da xunZur- germanuli mcire leqsi-

koni.

a.Sifneri saanalizod xunZaxuri kilos (Crdilouri xunZuris) ma-

salas iyenebda, magram mis SromaSi TvalsaCinoa samxruli xunZurisa-

Tvis, kerZod, andalaluri dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlene-

bic, vinaidan erT-erTi misi informatori andalalis Temis mkvidri iyo

sof. Woxidan. anwuxuri dialeqtis masala a.Sifneris naSromSi ar moi-

poveba.

pirveli vrceli gramatika xunZuri enisa ekuTvnis petre uslars

(Этнография Кавказа. Языкознание III. Аварский язык, 1889). gramatikul

aRwerilobasTan erTad, p.uslaris monografia Seicavs teqstebs (pro-

zauli, poeturi) da sakmaod mozrdil xunZur-rusul leqsikons. es

fundamenturi naSromi emyareba mTlianad xunZaxuri dialeqtis masalas

(sof. Wirkeis Tqmis monacemebs), magram masSi warmodgenilia zogierTi

sayuradRebo cnoba anwuxuri kilos Sesaxebac. mocemulia cnobebi an-

wuxuri metyvelebis teritoriuli gavrcelebis Sesaxeb, agreTve warmo-

dgenilia ramdenime dakvirveba am dialeqtis fonetikaze xunZaxurTan

SepirispirebiT; pirveladaa SeniSnuli anwuxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

rigi movlenebi. Cawerilia anwuxuri ricxviTi saxelebi 1-100 (uslari,

1889, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19-20).

anwuxuris Seswavlis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb p. uslari aRniSnavda:

enaTmecnierebisaTvis anwuxuris Seswavla iseve mniSvnelovania, ro-

gorc xunZaxurisa: Tu ara Sedarebis gziT, enis Tvisebas naTlad ver

gavigebTo (uslari, 1889, 6).

pirveli qarTveli mkvlevari xunZuri enisa iyo arnold Ciqobava.

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anwuxuri dialeqtis zogierTi fonetikuri da morfologiuri Tavise-

burebis Sesaxeb man pirvelad miuTiTa saangariSo moxsenebaSi (1939 w.),

romelic emyareba kaxeTSi mosaxle anwuxeli xunZebis metyvelebas. arn.

Ciqobavas es naSromi, samwuxarod, ar gamoqveynebula. anwuxuri masala

gamoyenebulia agreTve arn. Ciqobavas sxva gamokvlevebSi: "nacvalsaxe-

lebis bruneba xunZurSi"(1942) da “ergativis warmoqmnis istoriisaTvis

xunZurSi" (1948).

pirveli vrceli gamokvleva anwuxuri dialeqtis Sesaxeb ekuTvnis

il. cercvaZes ("xunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqti. ZiriTadi fonetikuri

da morfologiuri Taviseburebani", ike, III, 1948,117-214). gamokvleva emya-

reba ZiriTadad kaxeTis xunZurenovan soflebSi _ Tivsa da Tebeljox-

Si _ mopovebul masalas. naSromi warmoadgens anwuxuri dialeqtis fo-

netikur da morfologiur TaviseburebaTa sistemuri aRweris pirvel

cdas rogorc sinqroniuli, ise diaqroniuli TvalsazrisiT. warmoCeni-

lia manamde ucnobi araerTi movlena xunZaxur dialeqtTan Sepirispi-

rebiT.

xunZuri enis dialeqtebis Seswavlas eZRvneba S. miqailovis monog-

rafiebi "Очерки аварской диалектологии"(1959), "Сравнительно-историческая

фонетика аварских диалектов" (1958), "Сравнительно-историческая морфология

аварских диалектов" (1964).

am monografiaTagan pirveli ("Очерки аварской диалектологии") Seicavs

cnobebs xunZuri enis TiTqmis yvela dialeqtisa da kilokav-Tqmis (Wa-

rulis garda) fonetikis, morfologiis, leqsikis, sintaqsis Sesaxeb.

anwuxuri dialeqtis daxasiaTebas vrceli adgili uWiravs (gv. 50-145),

Tumca cal-calke ganxiluli ar aris misi kilokavebi, iseve rogorc

mkvlevarma es andalaluri dialeqtis daxasiaTebisas warmoadgina amave

monografiaSi.

pirvelad gaxda msjelobis sagani anwuxuris zogierTi kilokav-

Tqma, romlis Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSi manamde araferi iyo

cnobili (anwros-unhaduri, bohnoduri, Tlebeluri, tomuruli...). pirve-

lad iqna gaanalizebuli araerTi faqti am dialeqtTa masalidan da

gamovlinda mTeli rigi Taviseburebani. samwuxarod, S. miqailovis na-

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Sroms ar axlavs gabmuli teqstebi anwuxur dialeqtze. gramatikul

movlenaTa Sesaxeb msjeloba metwilad calkeul winadadebaTa da fra-

zaTa analizs emyareba. ukeT aris mis mier damuSavebuli fonetika, da-

wvrilebiTaa aRwerili xunZuris dialeqtTa bgeriTi Sedgeniloba da

fonetikuri procesebi da, unda iTqvas, am mxriv Catarebuli kvleva-Zie-

ba sanimuSoa; gamovlenilia araerTi sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani

faqti.

S. miqailovs ekuTvnis agreTve monografiebi "Сравнительно-

историческая фонетика аварских диалектов" (1958), "Сравнительно-историческая

морфология аварских диалектов" (1964). es Sromebi arsebiTad imave masalas

emyareba, rac warmodgenilia monografiaSi "Очерки аварской

диалектологии". xunZuri dialeqtebis (metwilad samxrulis) fonetikur

da gramatikul faqtTa SedarebiT avtori umTavresad cdilobs

warmoaCinos istoriuli arsi ama Tu im movlenisa; unda iTqvas, rom am

monografiaTa yvela TavebSi ver moxerxda erTnairi warmatebiT ganvi-

Tarebuliyo kvleva-Ziebis istoriul-diaqroniuli xazi, rasac avtoric

aRniSnavs. igi wers, rom, cxadia, Catarebuli Sroma ver amowuravs saki-

Txebs, romlebic kvlavac unda gadaiWras. rig SemTxvevebSi isini mxo-

lod daismis, raTa saTanado yuradReba miaqcion maT mkvlevrebmao

(miqailovi, 1964, 3).

S. miqailovis monografiebi dRemde rCebian mniSvnelovan gzis ga-

mkvalav naSromebad xunZuri enis dialeqtTa da kilokav-TqmaTa mecnie-

ruli Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT.

1962 wels gamoica arn. Ciqobavasa da il.cercvaZis TanaavtorobiT

Seqmnili vrceli monografia "xunZuri ena", romelic gamiznuli iyo sa-

universiteto saxelmZRvanelod. masSi sistemurad da dawvrilebiTaa

gaanalizebuli xunZuri enis mTliani agebuleba, warmodgenilia fone-

tikuri Sedgenilobis, gramatikuli struqturisa da da sintaqsis me-

cnieruli analizi rogorc aRweriT, ise istoriul-SedarebiT WrilSi.

gramatikuli movlenebi ganixileba gramatikul kategoriaTa mixedviT.

TiToeuli kategoriis Sesaxeb msjeloba emyareba uxvi faqtobrivi masa-

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lis Cvenebas. ama Tu im movlenis istoriis aRsadgenad farTodaa mo-

xmobili dialeqturi monacemebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, es monografia dRe-

mde rCeba saukeTeso naSromad xunZuri enis mecnieruli kvlevis sfero-

Si.

anwuxuri dialeqtis masalas arn. Ciqobavasa da il.cercvaZis mo-

nografiaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. gaTvaliswinebulia am dia-

leqtis (sxva dialeqtebTan erTad) monacemebi enobrivi sistemis TiT-

qmis yvela donis analizisas.

Aanwuxuri dialeqtis tlanaduri kilokavis Sesaxeb sakandidato

disertacia daicva m.isaevma («Осебенности тлянадинского говора анцухского

диалекта аварского языка», 1975). samwuxarod, es Sroma calke wignad ar

gamoqveynebula. m.isaevs ekuTvnis agreTve statiebi anwuxuris morfo-

logiisa da leqsikis sxvadasxva sakiTxebze: «Неаналитические временные

формы глагола тлянадинского говора аварского языка» (1975), «Азербайджанские

заимствования в тлянадинском говоре аварского языка» (1977), «Особенности

склонения существительных и местоимений анцухского диалекта аварского языка»

(1987), «Особенности функционирования классных показателей в говорах анцухского

диалекта аварского языка» (1989).

Aanwuxuris leqsikuri masala warmodgenilia z. jafariZis

statiaSi “О системе обозначения возраста домашних животных в аварском языке»

(1975), a. ahmedovis statiaSi «Термины родства у томарских аварцев» (1984), ag-

reTve q. harunovas naSromebSi: «К вопросу о терминологии родства в некоторых

говорах южного наречия» (1985), «Некоторые соматические названия в диалектах

аварского языка» (1986), «К овцеводческой терминологии южного наречия аварского

языка» (1988), «Названия некоторых деревьев, кустарников и их плодов в южном

наречии аварского языка» (1989), «К характеристике названий косточковых плодов

растений в некоторых диалектах аварского языка» (1992).

saxelTa brunebis Taviseburebebs samxrul dialeqtebSi eZRvneba i.

dibirovis sakandidato disertacia «Склонение имен в южных диалектах

аварского языка» (1993).

Aanwuxuri dialeqtis Wadaqolouri kilokavis ZiriTadi leqsika

Tematur jgufebad aqvT danawilebuli, sxva daRestnur enaTa da dia-

13

leqtTa leqsikasTan SepirispirebiT, a. Kkibriksa da da s. koZasovs na-

SromebSi: «Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков. Глагол» (1988),

«Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков.Имя.Фонетика» (1990). amave

dialeqtis leqsikuri masala warmodgenilia bolo xanebSi gamocemul

leqsikonebSi, rogoricaa f. saidovas «Диалектологический словарь аварского

языка»(2008), b. komrisa da m. xalilovis «Словарь языков и диалектов народов

Северного Кавказа» (2010).

Aanwuxuri dialeqtis romelime kilokavis mTliani aRwerisadmi mi-

ZRvnili specialuri monografiuli naSromi ar moipoveba. erTgvar

gamonakliss warmoadgens tlanaduri kilokavis Sesaxeb m.isaevis sakan-

didato disertacia, magram igi calke wignad ar gamoqveynebula. amJa-

mad mogvepoveba mxolod statiebi, romlebSic ganixileba calkeuli

sakiTxebi ama Tu im anwuxuri kilokavisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlene-

bis Sesaxeb fonetikis, morfologiis, leqsikis sferoSi da warmodge-

nilia dialeqturi masala. Aanwuxuris sxva kilokavTagan SedarebiT

yvelaze naklebad Seswavlilia mainc toxuri da Wadaqolouri. SeiZle-

ba iTqvas, rom il. cercvaZisa da S. miqailovis naSromebis gamosvlis

Semdgom specialuri gamokvlevebi am kilokavTa Sesaxeb ar Seqmnila.

dRemde ar gamocemula saTanado teqstebi da metyvelebis nimuSebi. Aam

mimarTulebiT muSaobas mxolod axlaxan Seudgnen q. mahaCyalaSi h. wa-

dasas saxelobis enis, literaturisa da xelovnebis institutis

gramatikul kvlevaTa ganyofilebis TanamSromlebi, romelTac erT-erT

mniSvnelovan amocanad daisaxes xunZur da sxva daRestnur enaTa dia-

leqturi teqstebisa da leqsikis Segroveba da publikacia.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze (kaxeTi, yvarlis r-ni, sof. Tivi)

warmodgenili toxur-Wadaqolouri metyveleba anwuxeli xunZebisa

Cvens kavkasiologebsac aZlevs saSualebas saTanado wvlili Seitanon

xunZuri enis dialeqtologiaSi arsebuli xarvezebis SevsebaSi da, sa-

erTod, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi.A

anwuxurze muSaobisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis madlierebiT minda

movixsenio sof. Tivis mkvidrni: salihaT mahomedova (1976 w. dab., toxi),

14

zeinab mamedxanova (pedagogi, 1964 w. dab., toxi), zalumxan ibrahimovi

(pedagogi, 1941 w. dab., toxi), zahir mahomedovi (pedagogi, 1943 w. dab.,

toxi), badrudin adalovi (1934 w. dab., Wadaqolo), ali alievi

(umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebiT, 1973 w. dab., toxi), eTer (ÄeCi)

mahomedova (toxi), bilal aslanovi (1935 w. dab., Wadaqolo), rajab

Cobanovi (sasuliero piri, 1979 w. dab., Wadaqolo), mahaC nurmahomedovi

(pedagogi, 1977 w. dab., Wadaqolo), badrudin ibrahimovi (1966 w. dab.,

Wadaqolo) da sxvebi.

15

fonetikafonetikafonetikafonetika

vokalizmi

1. xmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. 1. xmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. 1. xmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. 1. xmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. anwuxur dialeqts moepoveba oden

xuTi sada xmovani: a,a,a,a, eeee, iiii, oooo, uuuu. amiT igi ar gansxvavdeba Crdilouri

xunZurisagan (saliteraturo xunZurisagan) da sxva dialeqtebisagan: ah´

“baRi”, han “xorci”, Ra “igi” (I kl.), baba “deda”... exélcáx “zeze”, héde

“papa, babua”, Re “igi” (II kl.), dede “mama”... ix´ “gazafxuli”, fiÃ “xili”,

qini “akvani”... oÃ “qeri”, tom “tyavi”, t¾o “xidi”, horqo “uremi”...urRi

“fiqri, dardi”, húr “yana”, t¾uru “klde”...

xunZuri enis xmovnebi, Cveulebriv, SeiZleba dajgufdes Semdegi

saklasifikacio niSnebis mixedviT:

1) a) wina rigis: iiii,eeee

b) Sua rigis: aaaa

c) ukana rigis: uuuu, oooo

2) a) yvelaze Ria (farTo): aaaa

b) saSualo: eeee, oooo

c) daxuruli (viwro): iiii, uuuu

3) a) labialuri (bagismieri): oooo, uuuu

b) aralabialuri (arabagismieri): a, e, i

(Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 22)

anwuxurSi oooo xmovani ramdenadme mainc gamorCeulia Tavisi

artikulaciuri TaviseburebebiT. sofel Tivis toxur-Wadaqolour

16

metyvelebaSi, kerZod, mas SeemCneva daviwroebis garkveuli tendencia,

Tu igi umaxviloa. aq igi warmoiTqmis xolme ramdenadme viwrod (ufro

viwrod vidre saliteraturo xunZurSi) ise, rom gauwafavi smenisaTvis

SeiZleba Zneli aRsaqmeli da gasarCevic ki iyos sityvaSi oooo xmovani

moismis Tu uuuu.

2222. . . . xmovanTa palatalizaciis (umlautizaciis) Sesaxeb.xmovanTa palatalizaciis (umlautizaciis) Sesaxeb.xmovanTa palatalizaciis (umlautizaciis) Sesaxeb.xmovanTa palatalizaciis (umlautizaciis) Sesaxeb. rogorc

mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, garkveul poziciaSi, kerZod, faringalur ÄÄÄÄ da

hhhh´ ´ ´ ´ da lateralur llllÀÀÀÀ, llllÀ´À´À´À´, llll¶¶¶¶, tttt¾¾¾¾ TanxmovanTa momdevnod a, o, ua, o, ua, o, ua, o, u

xmovnebi uaxlovdebian ð,ð,ð,ð, ñ, ò ñ, ò ñ, ò ñ, ò xmovnebs: Äðqa “Zroxa”, Äñr “mdinare”,

Äònk´ “Tagvi”, h´ððððn “yveli”, h´ññññr “tba”, h´òr “mtveri”... lÀððððr “xevi”, lÀ´ðdi

“coli”, lÀ´ññññr “aryis xe”, l¶ðr “rqa”, t¾ðbize “dartyma”, t¾ñ “xidi”,

t¾òru “klde”... (uslari, 1889, 7; Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 22-23).

sofel Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi SesamCnevia oooo, uuuu xmovnebis

palatalizaciis calkeuli SemTxvevebi maSinac, roca isini win

uswreben faringalur hhhh ´́́́ Tanxmovans, mag., sityvebSi baÄmñh´ðna “modis”,

Wòhí “silamaze” da sxva.

3. xmovanTa Seyra (hiatusi). 3. xmovanTa Seyra (hiatusi). 3. xmovanTa Seyra (hiatusi). 3. xmovanTa Seyra (hiatusi). sofel Tivis anwuxelTa toxur

Wadaqolour metyvelebaSi SeiniSneba xmovanTa Seyris (hiatusis)

SemTxvevebi, rac savsebiT eucxoeba saliteraturo xunZurs (resp.

Crdilour xunZurs); mag., xéreaeaeaea (Ikl.), xéree ee ee ee (II kl.) “Zvirfasi” (Sdr.

lit. I kl. xíri-Á-av, II kl. xíri-Á-aÁ), Súleaeaeaeab “magari” (Sdr. lit.

Súli-Á-ab), Wehéeeeeeeel “maRlebi” (Sdr. lit. Wahí-Á-al), keeeeeeeelgu “orive”

(Sdr. lit. ki-Á-algo), keeeeeeeezre “orives” (Sdr. lit. ki-Á-aze), t¾ereeeeeeeel

”msuqnebi” (Sdr. lit. t¾ari-Á-al), besreeeeeeeeb “Zveli” (Sdr. lit. basri--Á-

ab), beJaeaeaeael “qvislebi” (Sdr. lit. baJa-Á-al)... cnobilia, rom

saliteraturo xunZuri (Crdilouri xunZuri) aseT SemTxvevebSi,

rogorc wesi, xmovanTa gasayarad iyenebs ÁÁÁÁ naxerxmovans: Ci-ÁÁÁÁ-as´ “kacma”,

17

Cu-ÁÁÁÁ-alÀ´ “cxenma”, wi-ÁÁÁÁ-ab “axali”, gurJi-ÁÁÁÁ-av “qarTveli”... (Ciqobava,

cercvaZe, 1962, 24). es wesi anwuxurSic moqmedebs.

warmodgenili magaliTebi xmovanTa Seyrisa SeiZleba ufro

inovaciad miviCnioT anwuxurSi, vidre amosavlad. sofel Tivis

anwuxur TqmaSi es movlena Sepirobebuli Cans garkveuli fonetikuri

procesebiT, kerZod, sityvaSi xdeba ÁaÁaÁaÁa difTongis gamartiveba erT

xmovnad: xéreeeeeeeeb ← xéreÁaÁaÁaÁab “Zvirfasi”, besreeeeeeeeb ← besreÁaÁaÁaÁab “Zveli”,

beJaeaeaeael ← beJaÁaÁaÁaÁal “qvislebi”...

xmovanTa Seyra SeiZleba gamoiwvios sityvaSi fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis

dakargvamac, mag., atributivSi xálaTTTTab “grZeli”. Tivis metyvelebaSi

mis paralelurad gvxvdeba xálaaaaaaaab an xéleeeeeeeeb: nuh´ xéleeb bugu “gza

grZeli aris”. mravlobiTis formaa xéleeeeeeeel. fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis (dddd)

gareSe warmoiTqmis xolme agreTve zmnisarTi xadax “qveviT”, anu

paralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT xaaaaaaaax...

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani Cveulebriv ekargebaT sityvebs vas `biWi~ da

ÁÁÁÁas `gogo~ roca isini ibrunvian: erg. . . . vaas´́́́ `biWma~ (←← vas-as´´), naT.

vaasúl `biWis~ (←← vas-as´-ul), mic. vaasíbe `biWs (←← vas-as´-i-b-e); erg.

ÁaalÀ´´́́́ `gogom~ (←← Áas-alÀ´´), naT. ÁaalÀúl `gogosi~ (←← Áas-alÀ´-ul),

mic. ÁaalÀíbe `gogos~ (←← Áas-alÀ´-i-b-e). magaliTebi: vaas´´ dedebe,

ÁaalÀ´´ bababe qumaq hubun `vaJiSvili mamas, qaliSvili dedas exmareba~,

vaasúl vas `vaJiSvilis Svili (vaJi)~, ÁaalÀúl vas `qaliSvilis Svi-

li (vaJi)~, babad vaasíbe ÄiC t¾uri `dedam vaJiSvils vaSli misca~, de-

ded ÁaalÀíbe retel bosa `mamam qaliSvils kaba uyida~ da sxva. es

formebi sof. Tivis metyvelebisaTvis Cveulebrivia, xolo saliteratu-

ro xunZurisaTvis ucxoa. maT Sesaxeb cnobebi ar moipoveba sxva dia-

leqtebidanac.

rodesac sityvaSi ori identuri xmovani erTad iyris Tavs, es

grZeli xmovnis gaCenis winapiroba SeiZleba gaxdes: x´‰x, v‰s´, Á‰lÀ´´ da

sxva.

18

calkeuli nacvalsaxeluri formebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

lokativis ----dadadada formantis dakargva. aseT SemTxvevaSi nacvalsaxeluri

forma Tavisebur saxes iRebs. mas grZeli xmovani uCndeba dakarguli

marcvlis sanacvlod:

d‹‹‹‹s´´ (I p.) ← di-dadadada-sá, mag., mun rezi vugu d‹s´ `Sen kmayofili xar

CemiT~.

dîîîîs´ (II p.) ←←du-dadadada-sá, mag., dun rezi vugu dîîîîs´ `me kmayofili

var SeniT~.

amosavali formebi (didasá, dudasá) Tivis metyvelebaSi Tavisuf-

lad SeiZleba ixmarebodnen grZelxmovnian variantTa paralelurad.

4. 4. 4. 4. difTongebidifTongebidifTongebidifTongebi da maTi cvlada maTi cvlada maTi cvlada maTi cvla.... rogorc cnobilia, difTongebi

yvelaze ukeT aris daculi Crdilour xunZurSi, xolo samxrul

xunZur dialeqtebSi gavrcelebuli movlenaa maTi gamartiveba

(monofTongizacia). kerZod, damavali difTongebisaTvis samxrul

xunZurSi damaxasiaTebelia sust komponentTa (naxevarxmovanTa)

dakargva: avavavav → aaaa, aÁaÁaÁaÁ → aaaa (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962,35-37; miqailovi, 1959,

78-80).

es procesi niSandoblivia sofel Tivis metyvelebisTvisac;

magaliTad, difTongTa gamartivebis Sedegad zedsarTaul sufiqsebSi

gauCinerebulia I da II klasis v, Á niSnebi:

aaaa ←← avavavav: l¶ík-aaaa ←← l¶ík-avavavav (I kl.) `kargi~

aaaa ←← a:a:a:a: l¶ík-aaaa ←← l¶ík-aaaaÁÁÁÁ (II kl.)

anwuxurSi dasturdeba agreTve difTongTa gamartivebis Semdegi

SemTxvevebi:

eeee ←← aaaaÁÁÁÁ: GReeee ìgi~ (II kl.) ← RaÁ , I klasis formaSi iqneba GRaaaa (←←

GRavavavav); l¶éeee àq~ (II kl.) ← l¶áaaa, I klasis formaa lÀáaaa (←← lÀávavavav); ƒÃveeee `da-

were!~, Sdr. lit. ÃvaaaaÁÁÁÁ; quneeee `Wame!~ ← qunaaaaÁÁÁÁ, Sdr. lit. qvanaaaaÁÁÁÁ; Wveeee `moka-

li!~, Sdr. lit. WvaaaaÁÁÁÁ; -deeee (kiTxviTi nawilaki) ←← -daaaaÁÁÁÁ: síb-deeee `netav

ra?~, Sdr. lit. Síb-daaaaÁÁÁÁ da sxv.

19

aÁaÁaÁaÁ difTongi ucvleli rCeba xolme zog masdarul formaTa aus-

lautSi: WvaaaaÁÁÁÁ `mokvla~, TaaaaÁÁÁÁ `codna~, buyvaaaaÁÁÁÁ `gaxmoba~... aseve zogier-

Ti sityvis bolokidurSic, mag., ut¾aÁ `mamamTili, simamri~ (lit.

vat¾ad), it¾aaaaÁÁÁÁ `dedamTili, sidedri~ (lit. Áat¾ad), beJaaaaÁÁÁÁ `qvisli~

(lit. baJa), ÄadaaaaÁÁÁÁ àmaod~ (lit. Äadada)...

difTongi ÁÁÁÁaaaa kargavs srul xmovan aaaa-s, Tu es difTongi maxvilia-

ni iiii-s uSualo mezoblobaSi aRmoCndeba: wiÁÁÁÁb ←←wiÁÁÁÁaaaab àxali~, visiÁÁÁÁT

←←← visiÁÁÁÁaaaaT, Sdr. lit. vasiÁÁÁÁaaaaT ànderZi~, ruyiÁÁÁÁT ←← ruyiÁÁÁÁaaaaT (qalis

sakuTari saxelia), CiÁÁÁÁs´´← CiÁÁÁÁaaaas´´ `kacma~ (erg. br.), CiÁsúl ←←CiÁasúl

`kacis~ (naT. br.), gurJiÁÁÁÁzul `qarTvelebisa~ ←←gurJiÁÁÁÁaaaazul da sxv. Se-

samCnevia ÁÁÁÁaaaa difTongis sruli gaqrobac xmovnis momdevno poziciaSi:

Cil `kacebi~ ←←CiÁÁÁÁaaaal, Cul `cxenebi~ ←←CuÁÁÁÁaaaal...

erTi da imave sityvis sxvadasxva formebSi SeiniSneba difTongisa

da xmovnis monacvleoba. magaliTad:

vavavava || oooo: s´vavavavala `movida~ uaryofiT formaSi iqneba sóoooleWu àr movi-

da~; tvavavava `wavida~, Sdr. uary. forma tooooneWu àr wavida~ (SeiZleba iT-

qvas agreTve tveveveveneWu)... aseve veveveve || oooo: hveveveve `moitane!~, Sdr. akrZ. forma hoooo-

gu àr moitano!~ da sxva.

vavavava || u: uu: uu: uu: ut¾aÁ “simamri” ← vavavavat¾aÁ (Sdr, lit. vat¾ad), uuuul¶a “wadi” ←

vuvuvuvul¶a... RuuuunSá “kefa” ← RvavavavanSá, quuuus “matyli” ← qvavavavas, yuuuuraÄu “dasWirda-

ra” ← yvavavavariÄun, yuuuuti “gareT” ← yvavavavati- da sxva.

5. xmovanTa monacvleoba. 5. xmovanTa monacvleoba. 5. xmovanTa monacvleoba. 5. xmovanTa monacvleoba. anwuxur dialeqtsa (agreTve sxva

samxrul dialeqtebs) da Crdilour xunZurs Soris, rogorc cnobilia,

Tavs iCens sxvaoba viwro da farTo xmovanTa monacvleobis mxriv

(Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 30; miqailovi, 1959, 71-74). kerZod, Crdilouri

xunZuris oooo xmovans anwuxurSi regularulad Seesatyviseba uuuu, xolo

Crdilourisave e e e e anwuxurSi Sesatyvisad iZleva iiii xmovans.

Crd. xunZ.: bugoooo “aris”, kigoooo “ori”, Redoooo “yvavi”... Ãvazeeee “wera”,

hálteeee! “imuSave!”...

20

anwux.: buguuuu “aris”, kiguuuu “ori”, Reduuuu “yvavi”... Ãvaziiii “wera”, háltiiii!

“imuSave!”...

oooo, eeee xmovnebi ucvlelni rCebian, Tu isini erTmarcvlian sityvaSi

Sedian, an maxvili moudiT: yoooo “dRe”, t¾oooo “xidi”, wóq££££ “tyavi”, sord££££

(// Sord££££) “Rame”, héd¡¡¡¡ “papa, babua”, ded¡¡¡¡ “mama”...

Crdilouri xunZuris i i i i xmovans anwuxurSi regularulad

Seesatyviseba e e e e sityvaTa inlautSi:

Crd. xunZ. ciiiingi “Semdeg”, xiiiinab “Tbili”, tiiiinW “naSieri”, yiiiinab

“make”, “orsuli”...

anwux.: seeeengi (//Seeeengi) “Semdeg”, xeeeenab “Tbili”, teeeenW “naSieri”, yeeeenab

“make”,“orsuli”...

xmovani a a a a Crdilour xunZursa da anwuxurs Soris regularuli

xasiaTis Sesatyvisobebs ver iZleva. gvaqvs SesatyvisobaTa mxolod

calkeuli SemTxvevebi, mag., sofel Tivis TqmaSi igi e e e e xmovniT

SeiZleba Seicvalos: feeeeÁda “sargebeli” ← faaaaÁda, Äeeeedin “msgavsad” ←

Äaaaadin (Tivis metyvelebaSi es e e e e viwrovdeba iiii xmovnadac momdevno

maxviliani iiii-s gavleniT: Äid¢n ← Äed¢n ← Äad¢n), qide e e e ”rodis” ← qidaaaa,

t¾eeeereab “msuqani” ← t¾aaaariÁab, eeeenwit-so “TerTmeti” ← aaaanwita, zeeeeÁnab

(qalis sakuTari saxeli) ← zaaaaÁnab, zubeeeer (mamakacis sakuTari saxeli)

← zubaaaaÁr...

6. 6. 6. 6. maxvili da masTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri movlenebi. maxvili da masTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri movlenebi. maxvili da masTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri movlenebi. maxvili da masTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri movlenebi. bevri

sakiTxi maxvilTan dakavSirebiT xunZur enaSi jer kidev Seswavlili

ar aris. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis dialeqtTa Sesaxeb. Crdilouri

xunZuris monacemebiT cnobilia, rom maxvili dinamikuria da sakmaod

Zlieri: ufro Zlieri, vidre qarTulSi, magram arc imdenad, rogorc

rusulSi an sxva iberiul-kavkasiuri enebidan _ afxazurSi. maxvilis

adgili xunZurSi ar aris fiqsirebuli erT romelime marcvalze,

magram SezRudulia ori marcvliT: Tavidan pirveli an meore

marcvliT; orze met marcvlian sityvebSi maxvili ar SeiZleba

21

gadmoscildes Tavidan meore marcvals. igi SeiZleba iyos Tavidan

pirvel marcvalze (q¡To “kata”, Äzo “Tovli”, Änko “qaTami”, r£so

“sofeli”, lÀala “icis”...) an Tavidan meore marcvalze (em¡n “mama”, eb¡l

“deda”, bet¡r “Tavi”, héleqo “mamali”, hey¡ze “sma”...) (Ciqobava, cercvaZe,

1962, 24). am TvalsazrisiT anwuxuri dialeqtic Crdilouri xunZuris

viTarebas imeorebs.

maxvilis mier xunZur enaSi gamowveulia iseTi movlenebi,

rogoricaa xmovanTa asimilacia da reduqcia. sofel Tivis mkvidr

anwuxelTa metyvelebaze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom maxvilis moqmedeba

amJamadac uwyobs xels garkveuli fonetikuri procesebis warmoqmnasa

da mimdinareobas. maxvilTan dakavSirebul fonetikur movlenaTa erTi

wyeba axali Casaxuli Cans da maT ganviTarebaze dakvirveba sinqroniul

WrilSic aris SesaZlebeli. aq ganvixilavT anwuxuri dialeqtis

toxur-Wadaqolour kilokavTa monacemebs. sxva samxrul dialeqtTa da

kilokav-TqmaTa viTareba am mxriv Sesaswavlia.

sofel Tivis metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba zmnisarTi c´vex “win”. aq

reduqciaa gamowveuli maxviliani eeee-s mier; Sdr. Crd. xunZ. céve (I kl.),

céÁe (II kl.), cébe (III kl.), cére (mr.r.) “win” (anwuxur zmnisarTSi ----xxxx

bolosarTi mimarTulebis gamomxatveli formantia: c´ve-x).

sayuradReboa, rom Crdilouri zmnisarTisagan gansxvavebiT anwuxuri

c´vex ar ganarCevs xolme klasebs. ganvixiloT, magaliTad, erTi aseTi

winadadeba: so Redu c´vex kanwbon va c´vexgi ton saral ber baÃzi

bat¾mola “erTi yvavi win gamoxta da winac wavida-ra meliis Tvalis

amoTxra moindoma”. sityva Redu (“yvavi”) III klass (nivTisas)

ganekuTvneba, amitom mosalodneli iyo vvvv-s nacvlad zmnisarTSi bbbb

niSani yofiliyo warmodgenili. SeiZleba gaCndes STabeWdileba, rom

zmnisarTSi gaqvavebulia I klasis (mamakacis) v v v v afiqsi, magram ufro

marTebuli axsna am movlenas fonetikur niadagze SeiZleba moeZebnos:

amosavlad am SemTxvevaSi unda gvqonoda III klasis bbbb niSniani forma

22

c´eb¡x, xolo maxviliani eeee xmovnis mier fuZis SekumSvis Sedegad unda

gaCeniliyo arabunebrivi bgeraTkompleqsi cccc ´́́́b b b b sityvis TavkidurSi

(c´bex ← c´eb¡x). amis gamo moxda bagismieri bbbb-s Secvla aseve bagismieri

v v v v bgeriT: cccc ´́́́b → cccc ´́́́vvvv; bgeraTkompleqsTa aseTi tipi (Tanxmovani + vvvv) ki

savsebiT Cveulebrivia xunZuris fonotaqtikisaTvis da igi farTodaa

gavrcelebuli sityvaTa anlautSi.

Tivis metyvelebaSi umaxvilo xmovnebs SeemCneva dasustebis

tendencia. aseTi xmovani advilad ganicdis xolme cvlilebas, mag.,

sityvaSi bab (“deda”) umaxvilo aaaa-s artikulacia Sesustebulia da or

bagismier Tanxmovans Soris moqceuli igi TviTonac bagismieri xdeba,

anu uuuu xmovnad gardaiqmneba: bub. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive fonetikuri

varianti am sityvisa Tavisuflad SeiZlebaTanaarsebobdes erTi da

imave piris metyvelebaSic.

sityvebis Tavkidur marcvalSi umaxvilo xmovanTa artikulaciis

Sesusteba gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia im SemTxvevaSi, roca aseTi

xmovani maxvilianis identuria, anda maxvilianTan SedarebiT ufro

maRali aweulobisaa, vTqvaT, magaliTad, sityvebSi dab “iq”, sadÃ

“erTad”, sarÃan “RamiT”, meT¡r “xval”, ret¡l “tanisamosi”, suk¤m

“saponi”, ÃiJn “bavSvi”, hiJ¡ “axla”. aseve anTroponimebSic: siq¢nT,

bit¢nT (qalis sakuTari saxelebia) da sxva. sityvebis sxartad

warmoTqmisas umaxvilo xmovnebi TiTqos arc ismis: db, sdÃ, srÃan,

mT¡r, rt¡l, sk¤m, ÃJn “bavSvi”, hJ¡, sq¢nT, bt¢nT...aseTi ram SeiZleba

moxdes zmnis analizur (aRweriT) formebSic, magaliTad, meSvelzmniani

riJ¢Tu vona (“Tanaxma var”) gabmul metyvelebaSi moismis ase: rJ¢Tuon...

amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom anwuxurSi SeimCneva erTgvari

tendencia sityvis anlautSi TanxmovanTkompleqsebis gaCenisa. igi

amJamad cocxali procesia. yovel SemTxvevaSi TanxmovanTa mTlad

Serwyma Tu ara, maT Soris zRvaris Sesusteba da erTmaneTTan

miaxloeba sagrZnobi xdeba.

23

sxvaTa Soris, TviTon Tivis mkvidrni aRniSnaven, rom sityvebs Cven

ufro mokled warmovTqvamT, vidre xunZaxelebio.

roca Tivel salihaT mahomedovas (1976 w. dab., toxi) vTxoveT

Tavad daewera zogierTi anwuxuri sityva, man ase dawera: бтIатри

(batTri “gascilda”) , гIдин (Äid¢n “msgavsad”), гIдигIнугу (Äid¢Änugu “nu

Cqarob”), гьресрохIно (her¡s´i roh´no “ilaparakes”), гьже (hiJ¡ “axla”...ukve

dawerili hqonda ase, magram Semdeg mainc Caumata и: гьиже). faqti

sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiT, Tu rogor aRiqvams TviTon metyveli

mSobliur metyvelebaSi arsebul movlenas, kerZod, xmovanTa

dasustebas umaxvilo poziciaSi. es aisaxeba sityvaTa dawerilobaSic,

sadac umaxvilo xmovnebi saerTodac ar aris grafikulad gamosaxuli.

Rirssacnobia, rom calkeul sityvaTa anlautSi TiTqos ukve

Camoyalibebuli Cans orwevra TanxmovanTkompleqsebi, romlebSic meore

komponentad gvevlinebian sonori Tanxmovnebi l l l l da rrrr; aseTi

kompleqsebia slslslsl, ylylylyl, yryryryr. magaliTebi:

slu “salamuri”, “stviri”. amosavali saxe am sityvisa iyo sul¤.

kaxeTis anwuxur metyvelebaSi bevrad adre il. cercvaZem gamoavlina

misi Wadaqolouri varianti amgvari saxiT: Solo. mkvlevars maxvili ar

aRuniSnavs sityvaSi.

sityva ylin “sigareti”← yil¢n ← yal¢n; Sdr. lit. Ãal¢Áan, qarT.

yalioni. il. cercvaZes igive sityva gansxvavebulad aqvs

dadasturebuli: yalihan ”papirosi”. Tivis TqmaSi es ukanaskneli

varianti amJamad AaRar gvxvdeba.

yrul “qvrivi”; Sdr. lit. yor£l-av (I kl.), yor£l-aÁ (II kl.). il.

cercvaZis Canaweris Tanaxmad, es sityva anwuxurSi sxvagvarad

gamoiTqmoda: yurula. yuradRebas iqcevs bolokiduri aaaa-s gauCinarebis

faqti. es bolosarTi xmovani klasis niSans warmoadgenda, miRebuls ----

avavavav da ----aÁ aÁ aÁ aÁ sufiqsTa fonetikuri gamartivebiT: ----av av av av → ----aaaa, ----aÁ aÁ aÁ aÁ → a.a.a.a.

Crdilour xunZurs slslslsl, ylylylyl, yryryryr TanxmovanTkompleqsebi sityvis

TavkidurSi eucxoeba.

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Tu umaxvilo xmovnis dasustebis Sedegad erTmaneTs miuaxlovdeba

ori identuri Tanxmovani, maSin sityvis TavkidurSi mTeli marcvali

SeiZleba moikvecos. aseTi SemTxvevebi dasturdeba, magaliTad,

kompozitebSi d¡lvac´ “biZa mamis mxridan”, blvac´ “biZa dedis

mxridan”: d¡lvac´ ← d¡delvac´, zedmiw. “mamis Zma”, blvac´ ←

bablvac´, zedmiw. “dedis Zma”. anlautSi erTmaneTTan Zlier axlos

aRmoCnda ori identuri Tanxmovani, romelTa dasaSoriSoreblad

Sesustebul umaxvilo xmovans ukve Rone aRar Seswevda, xolo Semdgom

moxda maTi gamartiveba erT Tanxmovnad: dd dd dd dd → d, bbd, bbd, bbd, bb → b; b; b; b; umaxvilo

xmovani ki sruliad Seiwira am procesma. sainteresoa, rom amosavali

formebi d¡delvac´, bablvac´ kidev arseboben sofel Tivis

metyvelebaSi d¡lvac´, blvac´ kompozitTa paralelurad.

calke aRsaniSnavia fonetikur cvlilebaTa SemTxvevebi maxviliani

marcvlis momdevno poziciaSi. cvlilebebi SeiniSneba sxvadasxva

sityvebsa da formebSi. magaliTad:

anTroponimebSi maxvili kumSavs fuZes momdevno umaxvilo

marcvalSi xmovnis amoRebiT, mag., qalis sakuTar saxelebSi: sil¢mT ←

sil¢maT ← sal¢maT, siq¢nT ← siq¢naT ← saq¢naT, bit¢nT ← bit¢maT ←

bat¢maT (Sdr. Crd. xunZ. fat¢maT), musl¢nT ← musl¢maT. sakmaod

niSandoblivia m m m m → n n n n anwuxuris anTroponimebSi, roca isini

SeikumSebian xolme da mmmm moeqceva TTTT-s win. anTroponimi ruy¢ÁT ←

ruy¢ÁaT... Áa Áa Áa Áa difTongSi Cveulebriv qreba sruli xmovani, Tu es

difTongi maxviliani iiii-s uSualo mezoblobaSi moeqceva xolme (amis

sxva magaliTebi ix. qvemoTac).

mimReobebsa da zedsarTavebSi: ¤nTra“avadmyofi”← ¤nTara, b¢trab

“swori”← b¢tarab, byrab “mSieri” ← byarab, w´lrab “wakiTxuli”←

w´larab, b£‡rab “namyofi” ← b£‡arab, bit¾rab “gayofili” ← bit¾arab

(mag., myar gamoTqmaSi tul-bit¾ra vac´ “RviZli Zma”, zedmiw. “RviZl-

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gayofili Zma”), b£hrab “civi”← b£harab... wiÁb “axali” ← w¢Áab...

iiii xmovniT daboloebul arsebiT saxelTa naTesaobiTi brunvis

formebSi: sityva Ci (“kaci”) naTesaobiTSi iqneba C¢Ás´ul “kacis” ←

C¢Áas´ul. Áa Áa Áa Áa difTongSi aaaa xmovnis gaqrobas Cveulebriv iwvevs

winamavali maxviliani iiii. msgavsadve: gurJ¢Ázul “qarTvelebisa” ←

gurJ¢Áazul da sxva.

sofel Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi maxvilTan dakavSirebuli

fonetikuri procesebi jer ar dasrulebula. SeiniSneba am mxriv

arcTu umniSvnelo sxvaobani sxvadasxva asakis pirTa metyvelebaSi.

7. 7. 7. 7. reduqcia. reduqcia. reduqcia. reduqcia. Crdilouri xunZuris msgavsad anwuxursac axasiaTebs

reduqcia anu xmovnis amovardna (sinkope) da fuZis SekumSva

formacvlilebisas. es movlena dakavSirebulia maxvilTan. magaliTebi:

bur¤t “Tikani”, magram ergativSi iqneba burt¢d “Tikanma” (← burut¢d).

fuZe aseve ikumSeba sxva brunvebSic... bur¤x½ “gveli” – erg. burx½¢d

(←burux½¢d), qaRT “werili” – erg. qaRT¢d (← qaRaT¢d), gil¢S´ “TiTi”

– erg. gilS´¢d (←giliS´¢d)...

garkveulia, rom reduqcias Cveulebriv iwvevs xmovani elementi

formawarmoebiTi sufiqsisa (brunvis formantis), romelic, rogorc

wesi, maxviliania xolme. orze met marcvlian fuZes es maxviliani

sufiqsi Tu daerTo (burut-¢-d, burux½-¢-d, qaRaT-¢-d, giliS´-¢-d...),

maSin maxvili sityvas Tavidan mesame marcvalze aRmoaCndeba, rasac

xunZuri ena ver iguebs; maSasadame “xmovani amoiReba imitom, rom

paradigmis arc erT formaSi maxvilis adgili ar daSordes (ar

gadmoscildes) sityvis dasawyiss orze meti marcvliT” (Ciqobava,

cercvaZe, 1962, 27). es wesi moqmedia anwuxur dialeqtSic. am mxriv rame

sxvaoba sofel Tivis anwuxelTa toxur-Wadaqolour metyvelebaSi ar

SeiniSneba.

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8. 8. 8. 8. xmovanTa asimilacia. xmovanTa asimilacia. xmovanTa asimilacia. xmovanTa asimilacia. maxvilTan aris dakavSirebuli agreTve

iseTi farTod gavrcelebuli movlena xunZuri enis samxrul

dialeqtebSi, rogoricaa xmovanTa asimilacia. anwuxurSi maxviliani

xmovnebi iiii, uuuu Cveulebriv axdenen farTo xmovnis asimilacias. rogorc

wesi, aseT dros regularulad xdeba a a a a xmovnis regresuli asimilacia:

ÄiJd¢ “najaxi” ← ÄaJd¢ (Crd. xunZ. ÄaSt¢), w´in¢ “Txebi” ← w´an¢, mil¢

“kibe” ← mal¢, Äis¢ “zvavi” ← Äas¢ (Crd. xunZ. Äans¢), niJ¢ “niori” ←

naJ¢ (Sdr. Crd. xunZ. raJ¢), bil¢ “bali” ← bal¢, bil¢S “baliSi” ←

bal¢S... miJg¢T “meCeTi”← maJg¢T... gub¤r “kiseri” ← gab¤r, tuR¤r

“qudi” ← taR¤r, mux´¤l “rkinisa” ← max´¤l, buy¤l “mzisa” ← bay¤l,

dus´¤l “misi” ← das´¤l... anTroponimebSi: bit¢nT ← bat¢naT (Crd.

xunZ. fat¢maT), siq¢nT ← saq¢naT... iseTi gavrcelebuli saxeli

mamakacisa, rogoricaa Samili Tivis mkvidrTa mier TiTqos ucvlelad

warmoiTqmis, magram swrafi metyvelebisas maxviliani i i i i mainc sZalavs

xolme da maasimilirebel gavlenas axdens winamaval a a a a xmovanze,

romelic umaxvilo poziciasi Sesustebulia, amitom igi SeiZleba

moismodes agreTve rogorc Sim¢l am saxelis sxartad warmoTqmisas

miuxedavad imisa, rom Tivis mkvidri anwuxelebi cdiloben ucvlelad

warmoTqvan xolme igi, ise rogorc ixmareba saliteraturo xunZurSi.

asimilaciis moxdena SeuZlia agreTve maxvilian oooo xmovans. am

mxriv SeiniSneba progresuli asimilaciis calkeuli SemTxvevebi,

Tumca es movlena ise farTod gavrcelebuli ar aris xmovanTa

regresul asimilaciasTan SedarebiT. magaliTebi: b£‡oooo “iyo” ← b£‡aaaa.

orive es varianti – amosavali da misgan miRebulic – SeiZleba

Segvxvdes erTi da imave piris metyvelebaSic. ufro metic, TviT es

bolokiduri oooo SeiZleba e e e e xmovnad daviwrovdes (b£‡uuuu), rogorc

Cveulebriv xdeba xolme samxrul xunZurSi (Sdr. Crd. bugoooo “aris” –

anwux. buguuuu, Crd. Redoooo “yvavi” – anwux. Reduuuu...) da sainteresoa, rom

samive es varianti paralelurad SeiZleba ixmarebodes erTi da imave

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piris mier.

bagismieri xmovnebis gavleniTaa gaCenili aseTi saxis sityva-

formebic: Co-tu “cxenze”, roho-tu “diliT”, baybor-du “saRamos”,

muÄruz-tu “mTebSi” (zedmiw. “mTebze”)... am formebSi gamoiyofa

fonetikurad saxecvlili lokatiuri brunvis formantebi ----tatatata, -dadadada:

roho-tu ← roh-o-ta (Sdr. roh-in “ganTiadi”), baybor-du ← bay-bor-da

(Sdr. bay “mze”). amis safuZvels gvaZlevs rohu-ta formis paraleluri

arsebobac cocxal metyvelebaSi... lokativis formantebSi xmovnis

cvlileba SeiZleba mieweros mezobel bagismier xmovanTa gavlenas. aq

aRsaniSnavia Tivis metyvelebaSi SemCneuli erTi movlenac: bagismier

xmovanTa mezoblobaSi moqceuli ----tatatata lokativi amgvar fonetikur

cvlilebas (-ta → -tu) yovelTvis ar ganicdis, magram ramdenadme

labialuri JReradobiT mainc SeiZleba warmoTqvamdes mas individi,

mag., nuh´-ta “gzaze”, muR-ta “zurgze” da sxva (labialurobis

satranskrifcio niSans aq pirobiTad viyenebT).

labializaciis calkeuli movlenebi SeiniSneba agreTve sityvebSi

nuw ́a “kari, ezo” (Sdr. Crd. xunZ. nuwá), Äurwen “jori” (Sdr. Crd. xunZ.

Äorwen), ruc ́ab “coli”, mus´ a “musa” (mamakacis saxeli), rac aseve

bagismieri u u u u xmovnis gavlenas SeiZleba mieweros.

9. 9. 9. 9. kveca. kveca. kveca. kveca. KyuradRebas iqcevs bolokiduri a a a a xmovnis kveca I seriis

lokativis -dadadada, -tatatata formantebSi. es tendencia gansakuTrebiT axalgaz-

rdebis metyvelebas axasiaTebs, mag., bakal-dddd àdgilze~ (←← bakal-da),

muÄruz-dddd `mTebSi~ (←← muÄruz-da), avlaÃal-dddd `mindorze~ (← ← av-

laÃal-da), Saharal-dddd `qalaqSi~ (←← Saharal-da), gulla-dddd (←← gul-

la-da): gullad háJimurad Tanaru `tyviam hajimuradi ar icis~ (anda-

za)... nacvalsaxelebSi: di-tttt (←← di-ta): babad biS dit `dedam miTxra

me~, niJe-tttt (←← niJe-ta): deded niJet hiyri `mamam Cven. gvkiTxa~... ricxviT

saxelebSi: anwitttt so `TerTmeti~, anwitttt kigu `Tormeti~, anwitttt Tabgu

`cameti~ (←← anwi-ta), Kyot so òcdaerTi~, Kyot kigu òcdaori~, Kyot

28

Tabgu òcdasami~ (←← yo-ta) da sxva.

aaaa xmovani auslautSi ekveceba daSorebiTis (elativis) formantsac,

mag., ruyi-ssss ´́́́´ `saxlidan~ (←← ruyi-sá), rux½o-ssss ´́́́´́́́ `tyidan~ (←← rux½o-

sá´), daba-ssss ´́́́´ ìqidan~ (←← daba-sá), Sqolalda-ssss ´́́́´ an Sqola-ssss ´́́́´ `skoli-

dan" (←← Sqolal-da-sá), háltu-ssss ´́́́´ `samuSaodan" (←← háltu-sá)...

axalgazrdebis metyvelebaSi bolokiduri aaaa ekveceba agreTve

zmnur formants, mag., Kyuti-nnnn `yris~ (←←Kyuti-na), hubu-nnnn àkeTebs~ (←←

hubu-na), hálti-nnnn `muSaobs~ (← hálti-na) da sxva.

konsonantizmi

1. 1. 1. 1. xunZuri enis TanxmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. xunZuri enis TanxmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. xunZuri enis TanxmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. xunZuri enis TanxmovanTa zogadi daxasiaTeba. xmovanTa sistema

xunZur enaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, martivia, samagierod es ena Seudarebliv

mdidaria TanxmovnebiT. yvela dialeqtSi TanxmovanTa raodenoba ar

aris Tanabari. dasturdeba sxvaoba ara marto dialeqtebSi, aramed

kilokav-Tqmebs Sorisac. Crdilouri xunZuris fonetikuri sistema

ufro srulia, vidre samxrul xunZuris romelime dialeqtisa.

Crdilouri ganarCevs, kerZod, 44 Tanxmovans.

TanxmovnebSi mTavaria Semdegi dapirispirebebi: 1) mJRerebsa da

yruebs Soris; 2) abruptivebsa (mkveTrebsa) da fSvinvierebs Soris –

yru xSul da afrikat TanxmovnebSi; 3) magrebsa (intensiurebsa) da

aramagrebs Soris (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 38-39).

qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT xunZur enaSi erTmaneTs

upirispirdebian sada da magari (intensiuri) Tanxmovnebi. magari

Tanxmovnebi SeiZleba iyon mxolod yruebi rogorc fSvinvierebi ise

mkveTrebi (abruptivebi): xSulebi, afrikatebi, spirantebi. mJRerTa

rigSi magari Tanxmovnebi, rogorc wesi, ara gvaqvs. garda amisa, magari

Tanxmovnebi saerTod ar gamoiyofa bagismier (labialur) da

kbilismier (dentalur) bgeraTa rigSi. es exeba rogorc fSvinvier, ise

mkveTr Tanxmovnebs; iseT bgerebs, rogoricaa ffff, TTTT, tttt.

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dapirispireba simagris mixedviT, amrigad, gvaqvs Semdeg

TanxmovnebSi:

xSulebi

winavelaruli: a) fSvinvieri: qqqq (sada) – qqqq ´́́́ (magari)

b) mkveTri: kkkk (sada) – kkkk ´́́́ (magari)

afrikatebi

winaenismieri sisina: a) fSvinvieri: cccc (sada) – cccc ´́́́ (magari)

b) mkveTri: wwww (sada) – wwww ´́́́ (magari)

winaenismieri SiSina: a) fSvinvieri: CCCC (sada) – CCCC ´́́́ (magari)

b) mkveTri: WWWW (sada) – WWWW ´́́́ (magari)

spirantebi

winaenismieri sisina: ssss (sisina) – ssss ´́́́ (magari)

winaenismieri SiSina: SSSS (sada) – SSSS ´́́́ (magari)

ukanavelaruli: xxxx (sada) – xxxx ´́́́ (magari)

xunZur enas moepoveba agreTve sxva specifikuri Tanxmovnebi;

esenia:

1. lateraluri Tanxmovnebi:

a) magari fSvinvieri lateraluri afrikati llll¶¶¶¶

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b) magari abruptivi (mkveTri) lateraluri afrikati tttt¾¾¾¾

g) aramagari yru lateraluri spiranti llllÀÀÀÀ

d) magari yru lateraluri lateraluri spiranti llllÀ´À´À´À´

2. palataluri (rbili) winavelaruli spiranti xxxx½½½½

3. faringaluri Tanxmovnebi:

a) fSvinvieri faringaluri afrikati ÃÃÃÃ

b) mkveTri faringaluri afrikati y y y y

g) mJReri faringaluri spiranti ÄÄÄÄ

d) yru faringaluri spiranti hhhh ´́́́

metad iSviaTad, magram xunZur enaSi mainc dasturdeba mcire

raodenobis sityva-formebSi mkveTri laringaluri xSuli ‡: ri‡: ri‡: ri‡: ri‡i

“gazafxuli”, be‡enab “msuqani”, bil‡ize “dakargva”, anwux. Te‡u “ar

aris”, ‡e “ho, ki, diax”...

bagismieri vvvv xunZurSi xasiaTdeba, rogorc naxevarxmovani. igi

wyvilbagismieri bgeraa xunZurSi.

Crdilour xunZurs ara aqvs qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogi

Tanxmovani, rogoricaa mJReri afrikatebi ZZZZ, jjjj da bagismieri abruptivi

pppp, samagierod samive es Tanxmovani moipoveba anwuxur dialeqtSi da

samxrul xunZuris kilo TqmaSi.

2. konsonantizmis Taviseburebani anwuxur dialeqtSi. 2. konsonantizmis Taviseburebani anwuxur dialeqtSi. 2. konsonantizmis Taviseburebani anwuxur dialeqtSi. 2. konsonantizmis Taviseburebani anwuxur dialeqtSi. rogorc ukve

iTqva, Crdilouri xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, anwuxurSi moipoveba

bagismieri mkveTri (abruptivi) Tanxmovani p: p: p: p: t¾apzi “dartyma” (Sdr.

31

lit. t¾abize), wapur “wabli”, tampur “fanduri”, Waptil “gogirdisa”...

jer kidev p. uslari aRniSnavda, rom p p p p xunZurSi ar gvxvdeba, magram

mas xmaroben anwuxelebi, romlebic ambobeno, magaliTad, dazda t¾api

“maT daartyi!” – nacvlad dozda t¾abe-si (uslari, 1889, 9). i. cercvaZe

am bgeras marTebulad miiCnevs anwuxurSi meoreulad, poziciurad

Sepirobebulad: pppp ← bbbb mezobel mkveTrebTan (tttt¾¾¾¾, wwww ´́́́, tttt, WWWW) siaxlovis

Sedegad (cercvaZe, 1948, 131).

amave dros sofel Tivis anwuxur metyvelebaSi dasturdeba

calkeuli SemTxvevebi p p p p bgeris gamoyenebisa iseT sityvebSic,

romlebSic am bgeris gaCena mkveTrebTan mezoblobiT ver aixsneba:

xupal “Worfli”, opop “ofofi”...

S. miqailovi miuTiTebda im faqtze, rom, gansxvavebiT sxva

dialeqtebisagan, anwuxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sxva enaTagan

nasesxebi sityvebis warmoTqma mkveTri artikulaciiT; magaliTad, kepek

“kapiki”, paÁton “faetoni”, istikan “Wiqa”, Wipi “jibi”, poWka “kasri”,

kartup “kartofili” da sxva (miqailovi, 1959, 54). Tivis metyvelebaSic

am mxriv sxvaoba ar gvaqvs.

sofel Tivis metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba agreTve anwuxurisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli mJReri afrikati jjjj: janu “SigniT”, qvenjo “saWmeli”,

bow´uljo “cxvari”, sojugu nuh´ “kidev erTxel”, Cojibe “cxens”,

Ãanjar “xanjali”, aljan “samoTxe”, rajab, h´aji (mamakacis sakuTari

saxelebi)... arn. Ciqobavas da il. cercvaZis dakvirveba, rom anwuxurSi

jjjj mainc meryevi bgeraa da mas SeiZleba JJJJ Seenacvlos, savsebiT

Seesabameba sofel Tivis metyvelebaSi arsebul amJamindel

viTarebasac, kerZod, anlautSi jjjj-s nacvlad aq ufro xSirad ixmareba

JJJJ: Jegi “kidev”: rehi niJx½ox Jegi “modiT CvenTan kidev!”, Janu “SigniT”:

Janux l¶uhun “SigniT Semodi!” JuJah´ “jojoxeTi”... SesamCnevia jjjj, J J J J

bgeraTa paraleluri xmarebac: rajab // raJab (mamakacis sakuTari

saxeli).

32

i. cercvaZes j j j j dadasturebuli aqvs sityvis TavkidurSi: jegi,

janu, jurjah´, jami, jamaÄaT, javab (cercvaZe, 1948, 131). zalumxan

ibrahimovi (pedagogi, 1941 w. dab., toxeli) gvarwmunebda, rom am

sityvebSi JJJJ unda iTqvaso, Tumca sxva dros misgan janu-c gagvigonia.

ase rom, Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi amJamad ufro myari Cans JJJJ sityvaTa

anlautSi, xolo jjjj, SeiZleba iTqvas, am poziciaSi Zlier

Sesustebulia.

gamoyenebis kidev ufro SezRuduli are aqvs anwuxurSi ZZZZ

afrikats. Tu jjjj Tanxmovani SeiZleba gvxvdebodes calkeul sityvaTa

anlautSi, ZZZZ bgera aseT poziciaSi saerTod SeuZlebelia. igi

dasturdeba umetesad infinitivis daboloebebSi (sadac mas Crdilouri

xunZuris zzzz-s adgili ukavia) da isic mxolod toxur metyvelebaSi.

WadaqolourSi mis adgils j j j j iWers: tox. qvenZi “Wama” – Wad. qvenji

(lit. qvanaze); tox. tvenZi “wasvla” – Wad. Wad. tvenji; tox. h´velZi

“mokvdoma” – Wad. h´velji (lit. xveze); tox. yelZi “sma”– Wad. yelji;

tox. WélZi “dgoma” – Wad. wélji (lit. Wéze); tox. harZi “Txovna” –

Wad. harji (lit. harize)... infinitivis daboloebebSic ZZZZ, jjjj Tanxmovnebis

arseboba, rogorc cnobilia, poziciuradaa Sepirobebuli, kerZod,

isini aq Tavs iCenen sonori Tanxmovnebis (nnnn, llll, rrrr) momdevnod. sxva

TanxmovanTa da xmovanTa momdevnod ZZZZ, jjjj bgeraTa nacvlad zzzz ixmareba,

iseve rogorc Crdilour xunZurSi: baTzi “povna” (lit. baTize), baqzi

“danTeba” (lit. baqize), hubuzi “keTeba” (lit. habize)... (Ciqobava,

cercvaZe, 1962, 45).

lateraluri Tanxmovnebidan anwuxurSi warmodgenilia sami: magari

fSvinvieri spiranti llllÀ´À´À´À´ (lÀím “wyali”, lÀík- “kargi”...), magari

fSvinvieri afrikati llll¶¶¶¶ ( l¶ar “rqa”, rol¶ “xorbali”, nil¶ “Cven”...),

magari abruptivi afrikati tttt¾¾¾¾ (t¾in “zamTari”, t¾ezi “micema”, t¾apzi

“dartyma”...). ar moipoveba anwuxurSi aramagari fSvinvieri lateraluri

spiranti llllÀÀÀÀ, ris Sesaxebac aRniSnavda jer kidev p. uslari (uslari,

33

1889, 14). rogorc cnobilia, Crdilouri xunZuris es lateraluri

Tanxmovani llllÀÀÀÀ anwuxurSi Sesatyvisad iZleva TTTT bgeras:

Crd. xunZ.: lÀabgo “sami”, lÀar “nakaduli”, lÀaze “codna”, bolÀon

“Rori”, baw´lÀi “sisufTave”, CirqinlÀi “WuWyi”, saRlÀi “janmrTeloba”...

anwux.: Tabgu “sami”, Tar “nakaduli”, Tazi “codna”, buTon “Rori”,

baw´Ti “sisufTave”, CirqinTi “WuWyi”, saRTi “janmrTeloba”... (cercvaZe,

1948, 135; miqailovi, 1959, 57; Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 59-60).

anwuxuri dialeqtis zog kilokavSi, magaliTad – anwros-

unhadurSi, bohnodurSi, tomurulSi dasturdeba aramagari abruptivi

lateraluri afrikati ttttÀÀÀÀ (miqailovi, 1959, 53). egeve lateraluri

Tanxmovani xunZuri enis dialeqtebidan moipoveba hidurSi. anwuxuri

dialeqtis toxuri da Wadaqolouri kilokavebisaTvis igi ucxoa.

cnobilia agreTve Semdegi movlenebi:

anwuxurSi xdeba Crdilouri xunZuris winavelaruli intensiuri

(magari) qqqq ´́́́ Tanxmovnis sistemuri Canacvleba palataluri winavelaruli

xxxx½½½½ spirantiT (cercvaZe, 1948, 143; miqailovi, 1959, 63).

Crd. xunZ. naqú “bze”, miqí ‘mtredi”, q´veze “Wera”, qána ‘moxda”...

anwux. nax½u “bze”, mix½i ‘mtredi”, x½vezi “Wera”, x½a ‘moxda”...

xSiria Crdilouri xunZuris ukanavelaruli xxxx spirantis

Canacvleba anwuxurSi hhhh ´́́́ faringaluri spirantiT (cercvaZe, 1948, 143;

miqailovi, 1959, 55; Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 40):

Crd. xunZ.: xur “yana”, nux “gza”, ax “baRi”, xveze “mokvdoma”, xono

“kvercxi”, xerab ‘beberi”...

anwux.: húr “yana”, nuh´ “gza”, ah´ “baRi”, h´veze “mokvdoma”, hóno

“kvercxi”, hérab ‘beberi”... TumcaRa xxxx yvela sityvaSi ar icvleba hhhh´ ´ ´ ´

TanxmovniT: xenab “Tbili”, xadax “qveviT”, xadu “Semdeg”, xan “xani”,

xaly “xalxi”, xas´gu “gansakuTrebiT”, xiÁal “survili”, xaÁir

“sargebeli”...

34

amasTan dakavSirebiT il. cercvaZe werda: “rogorc magaliTidan

Cans, x x x x icvleba hhhh ´́́́ -Ti sityvis TavSic, sityvis SigniTac da boloSic,

magram ar SeiZleba iTqvas, am process TiTqos sistematuri xasiaTi

hqondes: zog sityvaSi xxxx ucvlelia, aseTebia, magaliTad, xenab (xunZax.

xinab) “Tbili”, xenk (xunZax. xink) “xinkali”, xaÁr (xunZax. xaÁr) “xeiri”,

xabar (xunZax. xabar) “ambavi”, xaTir (xunZax. xaTir) “pativiscema”, xarj

(xunZax. xarJ) “xarji” da sxv. magram Tu davakvirdebiT, iseTi sityvebi,

romlebSic x x x x ucvlelia, umetesad nasesxebia (xaÁr, xaTir, xarj...);

nasesxeb sityvebSi ki x x x x Cveulebriv ar icvleba. sakuTari leqsikuri

maragis sityvebSi x x x x zogjer meoreuli warmoSobisa SeiZleba iyos; ase,

magaliTad, sityvaSi xenab “Tbili” xxxx miRebuli unda iyos xxxx½½½½-sgan

(susti xxxx); Sdr. yoÁsubus xunZuri saxeli x½indal, rac p.uslaris

etimologiiT xin (“Tbili”) fuZes ukavSirdeba. xxxx½½½½ ki hhhh ´́́́-Ti arasdros ar

icvleba. xxxx SesaZlebelia agreTve miRebuli iyos xxxx ´́́́-sagan, ase, magal.,

xink uslaris leqsikonSi, marTalia, martivi xxxx----Ti gvaqvs, magram l.

Jirkovis leqsikonSi paralelurad naCvenebia: xink da x´ink. amitom

SesaZlebelia x → h´ kanonzomieri procesi iyos, xolo am procesidan

gamonaklis magaliTebSi yovelTvis daisvas TviT amosavali x-s

sakiTxi: xom ar aris igi meoreuli da miRebuli x½-sagan, an x´-sagan”

(cercvaZe, 1948,142-143).

aq erTi ram unda SevniSnoT: mkvlevars xxxx-s ucvlelobis erT-erT

magaliTad dasaxelebuli aqvs xenk (“xinkali”) da aRniSnavs, rom am

sityvaSi igi hhhh ´́́́ TanxmovniT ar icvleba, magram sofel Tivis anwuxur

metyvelebaSi igive sityva amJamad dasturdeba aseTi saxiT: h´ankal

(“xinkali”), rac imas mowmobs, rom xxxx-s gadasvla hhhh ´́́́ TanxmovanSi aq

SedarebiT gvian, magram mainc ganxorcielebula.

xxxx-s amosavlad zog SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos agreTve

faringaluri afrikati ÃÃÃÃ, rac mis ucvlelobas unda ganapirobebdes.

marTalia, anwuxurSi ÃÃÃÃ → xxxx procesi gavrcelebuli ar aris da arc

35

iseTi regularuli xasiaTi aqvs, rogorc sxva samxrul xunZur

dialeqtebSi (mag., qvemoyaraxulsa da andalalur kilokav-TqmaTa did

nawilSi), magram ramdenadme es procesi masac axasiaTebs. aris

SemTxvevebi, roca sityva-formaTa Zireul masalaSi, ufro ki sityvis

bolokidurSi an formantebSi ÃÃÃÃ-s nacvlad anwuxurSi xxxx ixmareba

fakultaturad; magaliTad, dasturdeba Ãizan “bavSvi” da mis

paralelurad xizan, ÄodoÃ “dabla, Zirs” da Äodox (miqailovi, 1959,

54). Ã Ã Ã Ã Tanxmovani unda iyos amosavali, magaliTad, II seriis lokatiuri

brunvis ----xxxx formantisaTvis: anw. di-xxxx “CemTan”, Sdr. lit. di-ÃÃÃÃ; vaas´-xxxx

“ZmasTan”, Sdr. lit. vasasú-ÃÃÃÃ...

aRsaniSnavia iseTi damaxasiaTebeli movlenac, rogoricaa

sonorul mmmm da nnnn bgeraTa monacvleoba anwuxursa da Crdilour

xunZurs Soris:

Crd. xunZ.: nuJ “Tqven”, naÃa “ukan”, lÀín “wyali”, wán “marili”, Can

“ramdeni”, wún “arwivi”, ton “tyavi”, Äadan “adamiani”...

anwux.: muJ “Tqven”, maÃa “ukan”, lÀím “wyali”, wám “marili”, Cam

“ramdeni”, wúm “arwivi”, tom “tyavi”, Äadam “adamiani (an qali)”...

cnobili faqtia, rom anwuxuri dialeqtis toxur da Wadaqolour

kilokavebs Soris arsebobs regularuli xasiaTis

bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa sistema sibilantebSi (cercvaZe, 1948, 136-142;

miqailovi, 1959,58-62; Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 69-75):

a) toxuris aramagar sisinebs WadaqolourSi Seesatyviseba

aramagari SiSinebi:

tox. ssss – Wad. SSSS, tox. w w w w – Wad. WWWW, tox. zzzz – Wad. JJJJ, tox. ZZZZ – Wad. jjjj.

b) toxuris magar SiSinebs WadaqolourSi Seesatyviseba magari

sisinebi:

tox. SSSS ´́́́ – Wad. ssss ´́́́, tox. CCCC ´́́́ – Wad. cccc ´́́́, tox. WWWW ´́́́ – Wad. wwww ´́́́.

magaliTebi: tox. vas “biWi, vaJiSvili” – Wad. vaS; tox. wa “cecxli”

– Wad. Wa, tox. zaz “ekali” – Wad. JaJ, tox. qvenZi “Wama” – Wad. qvenji,

36

tox. Súgu “xuTi” – Wad. súgu, tox. CúÄa “Tevzi” – Wad. cúÄa, tox.

WélZi “dgoma” – Wad. wélji...

amJamad sofel Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi SeiniSneba tendencia toxuri

da Wadaqolouri kilokavebis Serevisa. axalgazrda Taobis

warmomadgenelTa toxur metyvelebaze gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia

Wadaqolouris gavlena. erTi da imave toxeli axalgazrdis

metyvelebaSi paralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT sityvebi rogorc

toxuri, aseve Wadaqolouri warmoTqmiT (mag., vas // vaS “biWi”, wa // Wa

“cecxli”, Ãizan // ÃiJan “bavSvi”, vaÄanZi // vaÄanji “mosvla” da sxva).

es viTareba aixsneba imiT, rom sof. Tivis mcxovrebTa meti nawili

Wadaqoloelia, xolo toxelTa raodenoba aq SedarebiT mcirea.

toxursa da Wadaqolour warmoTqmebSi arsebul gansxvavebebs Tivis

mkvidrni, marTalia, grZnoben, magram arsebiT mniSvnelobas mas ar

aniWeben. arc Tu iSviaTadxdeba xolme, rom individi verc acnobierebs

ise gadadis sityvis toxuri warmoTqmidan meore wuTSive imave sityvis

Wadaqolour warmoTqmaze, imdenadaa es ukve sametyvelo CveviT

ganmtkicebuli.

aqve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ufrosi Taobis toxur metyvelebaze

Wadaqolouris aseTi gavlena (resp. interferencia) ar SeiniSneba.

sxvaoba, rasac toxuri da Wadaqolouri kilokavebis Sepirispireba

warmogvidgens am mxriv (Sesatyvisobani sisina da SiSina spirantebsa da

afrikatebs Soris) sof. Tivis mkvidrTagan dRes swored xandazmulTa

metyvelebaSia wminda saxiT daculi.

amgvari viTareba SeimCneva sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi. saintereso

iqneboda gavcnobodiT Tu ra procesebs aqvs amJamad adgili TviT

daRestnis mkvidr toxel-WadaqoloelTa metyvelebaSi.

3. fonetikuri procesebi TanxmovnebSi. 3. fonetikuri procesebi TanxmovnebSi. 3. fonetikuri procesebi TanxmovnebSi. 3. fonetikuri procesebi TanxmovnebSi. damaxasiaTebelia iseTi

movlenebi, rogoricaa asimilacia, disimilacia, afrikatizacia, Tumca

farTo gavrcelebas isini ver pouloben.

37

progresuli asimilacia niSandoblivia zogierTi zmnuri

formisaTvis. cvlileba xdeba morfemaTgasayarze warmoqmnil

bgeraTkompleqsebSi:

bossi “aReba, yidva” ← boszi (tox.), boSSi “id.” ← boSJi (Wad.), bissi

“Tqma” ← biszi (tox.), biSSi “id.” ← biSJi (Wad.), baqsi “danTeba” ←←

baqzi...

wálli “waikiTxa” ← wál-ri, hvalli “aaduRa” ← hval-ri...

disimilaciis magaliTia Tavkiduri qqqq Tanxmovnis gamJRereba

anwuxurSi q → g:

geTu “kata”, Sdr. Crd. xunZ. qeTo

giliS´ “TiTi”, Sdr. Crd. xunZ. qiliS´

gveSab “cudi”, Sdr. Crd. xunZ. qveSab...

il. cercvaZis TqmiT: “Tavkidur qqqq-s momdevno TTTT, SSSS fSvinvierebTan

mezoblobaSi fSvinvieroba daukargavs da gamJRerebula” (cercvaZe,

1948, 144).

afrikatizaciis procesi, Cveulebriv, xdeba morfemaTgasayarze

warmoqmnil TanxmovanTkompleqsebSi:

wwww ← tztztztz: hálwi “muSaoba” ← hált-zi ← hált-i-zi (Sdr. lit.

hált-i-ze); t¾iwi “daZineba” ← t¾itzi ← t¾it-i-zi; biwi “gagzavna” ←

bit-zi ← bit-i-zi (Sdr. lit. bit-i-ze)...

warmodgenili magaliTebi toxuri kilokavidanaa. Wadaqolouris

imave sityva-formebSi xdeba WWWW ← tJtJtJtJ:

hálWi “muSaoba” ← hált-Ji ← hált-i-Ji; t¾iWi “daZineba” ←

t¾itJi ← t¾it-i-Ji; biWi “gagzavna” ← bit-Ji ← bit-i-Ji... (cercvaZe, 1948,

152).

sofel Tivis anwuxur metyvelebaSi dasturdeba agreTve

afrikatizaciis Semdegi procesi:

CCCC ← TSTSTSTS ← TJTJTJTJ: ruRunCi “miCveva” ← ruRunT-Si ← ruRunT-Ji ←

ruRunT-i-Ji (Sdr. lit. ruRunlÀ-i-ze), xiraCi “gaZvireba” ← xiraT-Si ←

xiraT-Ji ← xiraT-i-Ji (Sdr. lit. xiralÀ-i-ze)... mocemuli formebi

38

Wadaqolouria, Tumca gvxvdebian sof. Tivis mkvidr toxelTa

metyvelebaSic.

afrikatizacia SeiniSneba agreTve I seriis lokatiuri brunvis

elativis (daSorebiTis) formebSi, kerZod damaxasiaTebelia iseTi

movlena, rogoricaa cccc ´́́́aaaa ← dadadada----ssss ´́́́aaaa: riká-cá “Soridan” ← riká-T-sá ←

riká-d-sá ← riká-da-sá; tacá “zemodan” ← ta-T-sá ← ta-d-sá ← ta-

da-sá... (miqailovi, 1959, 65-66).

i.cercvaZe aRniSnavda, rom llllÀ´À´À´À´ da tttt¾¾¾¾ lateralebTan, llll da nnnn

sonorebTan da agreTve dddd-sTan mezoblobaSi spiranti ssss ´́́́ → cccc ´́́́

(cercvaZe, 1948, 154).

am mxriv aRsaniSnavia, rom sof. Tivis metyvelebaSi SeiniSneba ----(i)c(i)c(i)c(i)c ´́́́

kiTxviTi nawilakis gamoyeneba ----(i)s(i)s(i)s(i)s ´́́́ nawilakis paralelurad: dube

daRisTan bat¾an-(i)c(i)c(i)c(i)c ´́́́? “Sen daRestani giyvars?” meTer ruyi vehin-(i)c(i)c(i)c(i)c ´́́́

mun? “xval Sin iqnebi Sen?” allahas´da boJin-(i)c(i)c(i)c(i)c ´́́́ mun? “RmerTi gwams

Sen?’’... Sdr. mun gurJiÁa vug-isisisis ´́́́? “Sen qarTveli xar?” hab roy dur-isisisis ´́́́?

“es saxli Senia?”... kiTxviTi nawilaki momdinareobs ----(i)s(i)s(i)s(i)s ´́́́ variantisagan.

cccc ´́́́ ← ssss ´́́́ procesi warmodgenil masalaSi Sepirobebuli Cans swored

mezobeli sonori nnnn-s gavleniT: bat¾an-(i)c´ ← bat¾an-is´ ...

39

saxelisaxelisaxelisaxeli

xunZur enaSi saxeli iyofa Semdeg jgufebad: arsebiTi saxeli,

zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, nacvalsaxeli. xunZur saxels

moepoveba gramatikuli klasis, ricxvis brunebis kategoriebi.

arsebiTi saxeli

1. 1. 1. 1. gramatikuli klasi. gramatikuli klasi. gramatikuli klasi. gramatikuli klasi. xunZur enaSi gairCeva sami gramatikuli

klasi. am enis yvela dialeqtsa da kilokav-TqmaSi gramatikul klasTa

raodenobis mxriv erTgvarovnebaa. arsebiTi xasiaTis rame sxvaoba ar

gvaqvs.

I gramatikul klass uwodeben agreTve “mamakacis klass”. am klasSi

Sedis adamiani mamrobiTi sqesisa; moicavs iseT arsebiT saxelebs,

rogoricaa: “Zma”, “mamakaci”, “vaJiSvili”, “mama”, “biZa”, “simamri”. “siZe”,

“qmari”, “adamiani”...amave klasSi Sedis: “RmerTi”, “angelozi”...

II gramatikul klasSi, anu “qalis klasSi” Sedian arsebiTi

saxelebi: “da”, “qaliSvili”, “deda”, “rZali”, “sidedri”, “coli”...

III gramatikul klasi (mas ewodeba agreTve “nivTis klasi”) moicavs

yvela danarCen arsebiT saxels – cocxal arsebebs, nivTebs, sxvadasxva

sagnebs, movlenebs: “cxeni”, “mgeli”, “xari”, “Zroxa”, “ZaRli”, “qaTami”,

“mamali”... “saxli”, “xe”, “qva”, “mTa”, mdinare”... “mze”, “mTvare”,

“varskvlavi”... “dRe”, “weliwadi”... “janmrTeloba”, “sixaruli”,

“siyvaruli”... amave klasSi Sedis “bavSvi” da agreTve “eSmaki”, “avi

suli”, “jini”... (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 84).

anwuxur dialeqtSic substantivTa gramatikul klasebad

ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT iseTive viTarebaa, rogoric saliteraturo

xunZursa (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi) da sxva dialeqtebSi. sofel TivSi

mcxovreb anwuxelTa toxur-Wadaqolour metyvelebaSic, xunZuri enis

40

sxva kilokav-TqmaTa msgavsad, sami gramatikuli klasi moipoveba: I

(mamakacis), II (qalis), III (nivTis).

gramatikuli klasebisaTvis, rogorc cnobilia, damaxasiaTebelia

sakuTari formantebic: I klasisaa vvvv, II klasis – ÁÁÁÁ, III klasisa – bbbb.

zogierT arsebiT saxels eseni prefiqsebad aqvT, Tumca amgvari –

prefiqsiani – arsebiTi saxelebis ricxvi mcirea: vvvv-ac´ “Zma” (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ac´

“da” (II kl.), bbbb-ac´ “cxovelis Zma an da” (III kl.)... sofel Tivis

anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi klasis formantebi arsebiT saxelebSi

ucvleli saxiT gvxvdeba, erTaderTi gamonaklisi Cans u-t¾aÁ “simamri,

mamamTili” ← va-t¾aÁ (Sdr. lit. va-t¾ad), sadac momxdaria vavavava

difTongis fonetikuri gamartiveba erT xmovnad (va → u).

xunZur enaSi arsebiT saxelebs gramatikuli klasis niSnebi SeiZ-

leba sufiqsebadac moudiodeT. amgvarad gaformebuli substantivebi -

damaxasiaTebelia ufro samxruli xunZurisaTvis, mag., anwuxuri dia-

leqtis Tlebelursa da tomurul kilokavebSi gvxvdeba: vvvv-ac´-av av av av `Zma~

(lit. vac´), ÁÁÁÁ-ac´-aÁaÁaÁaÁ `da~ (lit. Áac´´), vas-avavavav `biWi~, `vaJiSvili~ (lit.

vas), Áas-aaaaÁÁÁÁ `gogona~, `qaliSvili~ (lit. Áas), ebel-aaaaÁÁÁÁ `bebia~ (Sdr.

lit. ebel `deda~), nus-aaaaÁÁÁÁ `rZali~ (lit. nus), ruCáb-aaaaÁÁÁÁ `coli~, Ci-Á-av av av av

`kaci~ (lit. Ci), Äadam-aaaaÁÁÁÁ `qali (Sdr. lit. Äadan àdamiani~)... saintere-

soa, rom klasniSniani daboloebebi TlebelurSi nasesxeb sityvebsac

ki aqvT, mag., uCiTel-av av av av (I kl.), uCiTel-aÁaÁaÁaÁ (II kl.) `maswavlebeli~, So-

fir-avavavav `mZRoli~, duraq-av av av av (I kl.), duraq-aaaaÁÁÁÁ (II kl.) `suleli~, dosd-avavavav

(I kl.), dosd-aaaaÁÁÁÁ (II kl.) àmxanagi~, KyumSi-Á-av av av av (I kl.), KyumSi-Á-aaaaÁÁÁÁ (II

kl.) `mezobeli~... (isaevi, 1989, 123-124).

anwuxuri dialeqtisave toxursa da Wadaqolour kilokavebSi

S.miqailovma SeniSna, rom I da II klasis rig arsebiT saxelebs

bolokidurSi ----aaaa xmovani erTvis, mag., tox vas-aaaa. Wad. vaS-aaaa `biWi~,

`vaJiSvili~ (lit. vas), tox. Áas-aaaa, Wad. ÁaS-aaaa `gogona~, `qaliSvili~

(lit. Áas), dibir-aaaa `yadi~ (lit. dibir `mola~), Äabdal-aaaa `suleli~

41

(lit. Äabdal), vex½-aaaa `mwyemsi~ (lit. vex½½), vac´-aaaa `Zma~ (lit. vac´), Áac´-

aaaa `da~ (lit. Áac´), vacáÄal-aaaa `biZaSvili vaJi~, ÁacáÄal-aaaa `biZaSvili

qali~ (lit. vac´Äal, Áac´Äal) (miqailovi, 1959, 80). amgvari viTarebas

dResac dasturdeba sof. Tivis mkvidr anwuxelTa toxur-Yadaqolour

metKvelebaSic.

aSkaraa, rom es bolosarTi ----aaaa klasis niSania, oRond amJamad ukve

gamartivebuli saxiT warmodgenili am kilokavebSi: vac´-aaaa `Zma~ ← vac´-

avavavav, Áac´-aaaa `da~ ← Áac´´-aaaaÁÁÁÁ .... kargadaa cnobili, rom samxruli

xunZurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia difTongTa gamartiveba

(monofTongizacia), ris Sedegadac qreba I da II klasis v, v, v, v, ÁÁÁÁ niSnebi

(Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 35-37).

kaxeTSi mcxovreb anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi il. cercvaZem Tavis

droze gamovlina III klasis ----b b b b niSniani qarTulidan nasesxebi sityve-

bic: zaqi-Á-ab ab ab ab `zaqi~, kodi-Á-abababab `kodi~, maWar-Á-abababab `maWari~, KyuTi-Á-ab ab ab ab

`KyuTi~, CurCxeli-b b b b `CurCxela~, Svindi-Á-ab ab ab ab `Sindi~, ƒÃili-Á-abababab `Txili~

(cercvaZe, 1948, 193-194).

amdagvari substantivebi iSviaTia. salituraturo xunZurSi arse-

biT saxelebze klasniSnian sufiqsTa darTviT umetesad zedsarTavebi

iwarmoeba xolme, mag., bahárCi-Á-ab ab ab ab `vaJkacuri~ (bahárCi `vaJkaci~), li-

TeraTuri-Á-abababab `literaturuli~, `saliteraturo~ (liTeraTura `lite-

ratura~), Äelmi-Á-ab ab ab ab `mecnieruli~, `samecniero~, Äelmi-Á-av av av av háltuÃan

`mecnieri muSaki~ (I kl.) (Äelmu `mecniereba~), ziÁan-abababab `saziano~, `mavne~

da sxv. (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 187). ebel `dedas~ niSnavs. rogorc ze-

moT ukve vnaxeT, anwuxuris Tlebelur kilokavSi am sityvas II klasis

niSani -aaaaÁÁÁÁ moudis sufiqsad: ebel-aaaaÁÁÁÁ, oRond es forma ukve `bebias~

mniSvnelobiT iTqmis. saliteraturo ebel ganekuTvneba II klass, magram

SeiZleba dairTos III klasis formantic: ebel abababab. am SemTxvevaSi igi III

klasis saxelTa atributivad mogvevlineba, mag., ebel-abababab Äi `deda cxva-

ri~, ebel-abababab baw `deda mgeli~, ebel-ab ab ab ab Äank `deda kurdReli~, ebel-abababab

wun `deda arwivi~ da a. S. erTi magaliTic: niJ unel rukana inJiT habu-

42

rab ebelab roso-rat¾´ xvasar habize `Cven mivdiodiT gatanjuli dedu-

leTis (zedmiw. `deda sofel-miwis~) gasaTavisufleblad~ (hamzaTovi,

1970, 10) da sxv.

sainteresoa, rom es ----abababab sufiqsi zogjer I klasis sityvebsac ki

SeiZleba daerTos, mag., vvvv-as-ab ab ab ab (← vas `vaJiSvili~, `biWi~). es forma

gamoiyeneba atributivad da gamoxatavs bavSvis kuTvnilebas mamrobiTi

sqesisadmi: vasab lÀimer, zedmiw. `vaJi bavSvi~, xolo II klasis saxelze

darTviT iqneba ÁÁÁÁ-as-ab ab ab ab (← Áas `qaliSvili~, `gogona~): Áasab lÀimer,

zedmiw. `qaliSvili bavSvi~ (saidova, 1985, 9,10). sityva lÀimer `bavSvi~

Sedis III (bbbb) klasSi.

amave vas, ias fuZeebze klasniSniani ----av, av, av, av, ----aaaa sufiqsebis darTviT

miiReba mimarTvis formebi: vas-avavavav! `biWo!~ Áas-aaaaÁÁÁÁ ! `gogo!~ mimarTvis es

formebi damaxasiaTebelia samxruli xunZurisaTvis (andalaluri,

hiduri, anwuxuri...) (saidova, 1985, 9; harunova, 1985, 23), Tumca SeiZleba

ixmarebodnen saliteraturo enaSic (aTaevi, 1992, 17). sxva saxelTagan

mimarTvis formaTa amgvaradve warmoebis SemTxvevebi cnobili ar aris.

I da II gramatikul klasebSi arsebiT saxelTa ganawilebasTan

dakavSirebiT saintereso viTarebas warmogvidgens erTi anwuxuri

sityva; es aris ÄaÄaÄaÄadamdamdamdam.

saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi) sityva Äadan

“adamians” (human) niSnavs. igi SeiZleba daerTos “qalis” aRmniSvnel

WúJu sityvasac: WúJu-Äadan “mandilosani”, zedmiw. “qali-adamiani”

(Sdr. qarT. “deda-kaci”, sadac komponenti “kaci” gamoyenebulia human-is

mniSvnelobiT).

“qalis” aRmniSvneli sityva WúJu warmodgenilia saliteraturo

enasa da mis sayrden Crdilour dialeqtSi, xolo anwuxurSi “qali”

aRiniSneba Äadam sityviT, romelic imave dros “adamiansac” (human)

niSnavs. S. miqailovs “qalis” mniSvnelobiT anwuxurSi dasaxelebuli

aqvs WíJu leqsemac (miqailovi, 1959, 125), magram igi Crdilouri

xunZuridan unda iyos aq Semosuli. am saxelwodebas ar icnoben,

43

magaliTad, sof. TivSi mosaxle anwuxelebi, romelTa metyvelebaSic

mxolod Äadam dasturdeba.

amrigad, anwuxurSi sityva Äadam niSnavs rogorc “adamians”

zogadad (human), ise konkretulad “qals”. raime formisa da konteqstis

gareSe anwuxelebs am sityvis mniSvnelobaTa gamijvna uWirT.

magaliTad, roca anwuxel salihaT mahomedovas (sof. Tividan) vTxove

anwuxurad eTargmna saliteraturo xunZuris winadadeba Rotoda Äadan

vugevilan q´un l¶uTanila baw “xeze adamiani ariso egona, gaiqca

mgeli”, man saliteraturo forma Äadan qalad moiazra da winadadeba

ase Targmna: Rotota Äadam Áulamin x½o... “xeze qali ariso egona...”

saliteraturo xunZuris winadadebaSi warmodgenili I klasis forma

vugevilan man qalis klasSi moaqcia anwuxuris Áulamin formiT.

gansxvaveba zogadad adamiansa (human) da qals Soris anwuxurSi

rig SemTxvevebSi warmoCndeba xolme; kerZod:

Tu Äadam human-s aRniSnavs, igi mamakacis klass ganekuTvneba da,

Sesabamisad, I tipis brunebiT, e.i. -as´ daboloebiT ergativSi:

Äadam “human”

erg. Äadam-as´

naT. Äadam-as´-ul, mag., Äadamas´ul laga-Cex “adamianis sxeuli”

mic. Äadam-as´-i-b-e

Tu qals aRniSnavs, maSin Sesabamisad qalis klass ganekuTvneba

da ibrunvis II tipis brunebiT, e.i. -alÀ´ daboloebiT ergativSi:

Äadam “qali”

erg. Äadam-alÀ´

naT. Äadam-alÀ´-ul

mic. Äadam-alÀ´-i-b-e

saliteraturo xunZurSi ÄadanÄadanÄadanÄadan (“adamiani”) moiazrebs mamakacsac

da qalsac. konkretulad vis Sesaxeb aris saubari, amas konteqsti

arkvevs; magaliTad:

44

do-v v v v lÀík-avavavav Äadan vvvv-ugo “igi kargi adamiani aris” (kaczea

saubari)

do-Á Á Á Á lÀík-aÁaÁaÁaÁ Äadan ÁÁÁÁ-igo “igi kargi adamiani aris” (qalzea

saubari)

am magaliTebSi mniSvnelobis dakonkreteba morfologiur-

sintaqsuri saSualebebiT xdeba: Äadan sityva klasSi iTanxmebs masTan

dakavSirebul nacvalsaxels, atributivsa da zmnas.

2. 2. 2. 2. ricxvi.ricxvi.ricxvi.ricxvi. mravlobiTi ricxvis sawarmoebeli sufiqsebiT xunZuri

ena metad mdidaria. saliteraturo xunZurSi, magaliTad, gamoiyofa

arsebiT saxelTa sawarmoeblad Semdegi formantebi: ----alalalal (vac´-al al al al

“Zmebi”), ----ulululul (hám-ulululul “virebi”), ----duldulduldul (tuh-duldulduldul “yvavilebi”), ----bibibibi (CuÄ-bibibibi

“Tevzebi”), ----abiabiabiabi ( t¾ur-abiabiabiabi “kldeebi”), -zabizabizabizabi (hudul-zabizabizabizabi “megobrebi”), -

zalzalzalzal (xur-zalzalzalzal “mindvrebi”),

----i i i i (hánW-iiii “Citebi”), ----nininini (wá-nininini”Txebi”). jer kidev garkveuli ar aris

mizezi sxvadasxva arsebiT saxelebSi sxvadasxva sufiqsebis xmarebisa.

mravlobiTi ricxvis sawarmoebel sufiqsTa Soris anwuxurSi

(toxursa da Wadaqolour kilokavebSi), saliteraturo xunZurTan

SedarebiT, farTo gamoyeneba aqvs ----alalalal sufiqss: hínW “Citi”– mr. hánW----al al al al

(lit. hánW-iiii), Äin “yuri’’_ mr. r. Äin-alalalal “yurebi” (lit. Äin-duldulduldul), raÄi

“sityva’’_ mr.r. raÄ-alalalal (lit. raÄ-abiabiabiabi), roy “saxli”_mr.r. roy-alalalal (lit.

ruy-zalzalzalzal)...

il. cercvaZis mier dadasturebulia agreTve Taviseburi sufiqsi ----

bilbilbilbil, romelic gamoiyofa “fexis” aRmniSvnel oriode sityvaSi

(cercvaZe,1948,172). Bbox´-bilbilbilbil “fexebi” (box´ ‘fexi”, Sdr. lit. box´-duldulduldul),

mah´-bil bil bil bil “fexebi” (mahú “fexi”, Sdr. lit. mah´-abiabiabiabi). Crdilour xunZurSi

(resp. saliteraturo xunZurSi ----bilbilbilbil sufiqsi arsebiT saxelTa

mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoeblad ar gvxvdeba. igi jerjerobiT arc

sxva dialeqtebSi dasturdeba.

45

il. cercvaZe aRniSnavda Semdeg faqtsac:

sufiqsi ----TiTiTiTi (← - lÀi) anwuxurSi, sxva dialeqtTa msgavsad,

awarmoebs ganyenebuli mniSvnelobis arsebiT saxelebs: baw´-TiTiTiTi

“sisufTave” (lit. baw´a-lÀi), saR-Ti Ti Ti Ti “janmrTeloba” (lit. saR-lÀi), bec´-

TiTiTiTi “sibrmave” (lit. bec´-lÀi), WeÄer-TiTiTiTi “siSave” (lit. WeÄer-lÀi)...

(cercvaZe, 1948, 172).

rogorc cnobilia, xunZur enaSi -lÀi formanti krebiT

mniSvnelobasac gadmoscems, mag., maÄarul-lÀi “xunZoba” (= “xunZebi”),

halmaR-lÀi “amxanagoba” (= “amxanagebi”), madohal-lÀi “mezobloba”

(=”mezoblebi”)... (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962,174). swored am -lÀi sufiqsis

kanonzomieri fonetikuri Sesatyvisia anwuxurSi ----Ti. Ti. Ti. Ti. aRsaniSnavia, rom

amJamad anwuxurSi mxolod ––––Ti Ti Ti Ti sufiqsiT ewarmoeba mravlobiTi ricxvi

zogierT arsebiT saxels; esenia, magaliTad: maduhan “mezobeli”_ mr.r.

maduhan-Ti Ti Ti Ti “mezoblebi” (Sdr. lit. madohal-zabizabizabizabi), halmaR “amxanagi”_

halmaR-TiTiTiTi “amxanagebi” (Sdr. lit. halmaR-zabizabizabizabi), hudul “megobari”_mr.r.

hudul-Ti Ti Ti Ti “megobrebi” (Sdr. lit. hudul-zabizabizabizabi)... rogorc sof. Tivis

anwuxuri Tqmis monacemebi gviCveneben, am saxelebs sxvagvari forma

mravlobiTisa DdRes ar gaaCniaT.

3. arsebiT saxelTa bruneba. 3. arsebiT saxelTa bruneba. 3. arsebiT saxelTa bruneba. 3. arsebiT saxelTa bruneba. xunZur enas, sxva daRestnur enaTa

msgavsad, moepoveba brunebis ganviTarebuli sistema. brunvebi iyofa or

jgufad: ZiriTad da adgilobiT (lokatiur) brunvebad. ZiriTadi

brunvebi (saxelobiTi, ergativi, naTesaobiTi, micemiTi) gamoxataven

gramatikul mimarTebebs, xolo adgilobiTi anu lokatiuri –

sivrcobriv mimarTebebs.

anwuxur dialeqtSi gvxvdeba ZiriTad brunvaTa ganviTarebuli,

mwyobri sistema, xolo likatiur brunvebs SeeniSnebaT moSlis

garkveuli tendencia, rac sagrZnobia sofel Tivis mkvidr anwuxelTa

Wadaqolour metyvelebaSic.

46

ZiriTadi brunvebidan anwuxurSi TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva ori

brunva: ergativi da micemiTi.

saliteraturo xunZuris msgavsad, ergativis formantTa

gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, anwuxurSi gairCeva brunebis sami tipi

mxoloobiTSi:

I tipi – -aaaa----ssss ´́́́ daboloebiT ergativSi:

sax. vac´ “Zma”

erg. vac´-a-s´

naT. vac´-a-s´-u-l

mic. vac´-a-s´-i-b-e

II tipi – ----aaaa----llllÀ´À´À´À´ daboloebiT ergativSi:

sax. Áac´ “da”

erg. Áac´-a-lÀ´

naT. Áac´-a-lÀ´-u-l

mic. Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-b-e

III tipi – ----dddd daboloebiT ergativSi:

sax. os “xari”

erg. os-o-d

naT. os-o-l

mic. os-o-b-e

mesame tipis brunebisas anwuxurSi ergativis niSnad Cveulebriv

gamoiyeneba formanti ----dddd, romelsac Crdilour xunZurSi funqciurad

efardeba ----cccc ´́́́aaaa (anw. os-o-d – Crd. xunZ. oc-o-c´a “xarma”). es -d formanti

niSandoblivia agreTve samxrul xunZur dialeqtTa umetesi

nawilisaTvis (yaraxuli, andalaluri, hiduri, Waruli...). magaliTebi:

47

lit. Co-cá “cxenma”, bawi-cá “mgelma”, qaTi-cá “katam”, wáda-cá

“wvimam”, wadu-cá “cecxlma”, bayu-cá “mzem”...

anw. Co-d “cxenma”, bawi-d “mgelma”, giTi-d “katam”, wáda-d “wvimam”,

buyu-d “mzem”...

I da II tipTa mixedviT brunebisas ergativis formantebSi sxvaoba

Crdilour xunZursa da anwuxurs Soris ara gvaqvs, samagierod

TvalsaCino sxvaoba vlindeba micemiTSi.

Crdilouri xunZuris micemiTs I da II tipis mixedviT brunebisas

TiTo-TiTo formebi moepoveba:

sax. vac´ “Zma” sax. Áac´ “da”

mic. vac´-a-s´-e mic. Áac-a-lÀ´-e

anwuxurSi ki viTareba sxvagvaria. Crdilouri xunZuris

(saliteraturo xunZuris) erTi variantis nacvlad aq dasturdeba

oTxi:

sax. vac´ “Zma” sax. Áac´ “da”

mic. vac´-a-s´-i-v-e mic. Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-v-e

vac´-a-s´-i-Á-e Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-Á-e

vac´-a-s´-i-b-e Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-b-e

vac´-a-s´-i-r-e Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-r-e

micemiTis es oTxi varianti anwuxurSi aRniSnavs realuri obieqtis

saxelobiTi brunviT gadmocemuli saxelis gramatikul klass (I, II, III

klasi) da imave saxelis mravlobiT ricxvs (cercvaZe, 1948, 166).

magaliTebi:

vac´-a-s´-i-v-e dede v-at¾ana “Zmas mama uyvars”

vac´-a-s´-i-Á-e baba Á-at¾ana “Zmas deda uyvars”

vac´-a-s´-i-b-e Cu b-at¾ana “Zmas cxeni uyvars”.

vac´-a-s´-i-r-e Timal r-at¾ana “Zmas bavSvebi uyvars”.

48

Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-v-e dede v-at¾ana “das mama uyvars”.

Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-Á-e baba Á-at¾ana “das deda uyvars”.

Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-b-e Cu b-at¾ana “das cxeni uyvars”

Áac´-a-lÀ´-i-r-e Timal r-at¾ana “das bavSvebi uyvars”

maSasadame, Crdilouri xunZuris micemiTis formaSi arsebuli Á Á Á Á

warmoadgens II klasis gaqvavebul niSans; anwuxurSi ki micemiTis ----eeee

daboloebas win uswrebs klasisa daricxvis moqmedi formantebi: vvvv, ÁÁÁÁ, bbbb,

rrrr. es imisda mixedviT, Tu ra gramatikuli klasisaa winadadebaSi is

saxeli, romelsac zmna eTanxmeba (es iqneba realuri obieqti –

saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli). cvalebadi klas-niSnebis mqone micemiTi

brunva im zmnasTan ixmareba, romelsac realuri subieqti daesmis

micemiTSi an iribi obieqti aqvs micemiTSi. Crdilour xunZursa da

samxrul xunZuris sxva dialeqtebSi anwuxuri oTxi variantis nacvlad

warmodgenilia erTi varianti micemiTi brunvisa (-ÁÁÁÁ----eeee) da es varianti aq

ganzogadebulad ixmareba (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 146-149).

LLLL

4. adgilobiT (lokatiur) brunvaTa Taviseburebani.4. adgilobiT (lokatiur) brunvaTa Taviseburebani.4. adgilobiT (lokatiur) brunvaTa Taviseburebani.4. adgilobiT (lokatiur) brunvaTa Taviseburebani. adgilobiT anu

lokatiur brunvaTa sakiTxi anwuxurSi sagangebod ar ganuxilavs

il.cercvaZes. S. miqailovi aRniSnavda, rom saliteraturo

xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, anwuxurs ar gaaCnia lokativTa mwyobri

sistema. ver vxvdebiT lokativebis mkveTr semantikur diferenciacias,

iseve rogorc ar gvxvdeba myarad dadgenili formebio (miqailovi, 1959,

85).

am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, magaliTad, I seriis lokativTa

viTareba sof. TivSi mcxovreb anwuxelTa toxur-Wadaqolour

metyvelebaSi, saliteraturo xunZuris Sesabamis formantebTan

mimarTebiT.

saliteraturo xunZurSi moipoveba I seriis lokatiuri brunvis

formanti ----dadadada mniSvnelobiT “ze”: ganWi-dadadada “qvaze’’. rogorc cnobilia, I

seriis adgilobiTi brunvis am ----da da da da daboloebas paralelurad SeiZleba

hqondes ----tatatata-c, masTan, ufro konkretuli mniSvnelobiT, vidre es aqvs ----

49

dadadada-s: ----tatatata gamoxatavs mdebareobas sagnis horizontalur zedapirze,

maSin, rodesac ----dadadada, am mxriv, ufro zogadi mniSvnelobisaa: SeiZleba

gamoxatavdes mdebareobas vertikalur zedapirzec. Aam konkretuli

mniSvnelobiT ----tatatata daboloeba miRebuli Cans tadtadtadtad (“zed”, “zemoT”)

zmnisarTisagan, romlis xmareba ----da da da da daboloebian lokativTan

Cveulebrivia: ganWi-da tad “qvaze”, zedmiw. “qvaze zed” (horizontalur

zedapirze); aqedanaa SerwymiT miRebuli: ganWi-ta (← ganWi-‘da’ ta‘d’ )


S. miqailovi aRniSnavs, rom anwuxuri dialeqtis kilokavebidan ----tatatata

damaxasiaTebelia Wadaqolourisa da toxurisaTvis (am

ukanasknelisaTvis iSviaTad) (miqailovi, 1959, 80).

sofel Tivis anwuxur metyvelebaSi moipoveba rogorc ----dadadada, ise ----ta ta ta ta

lokativis formantebi, Tumca mniSvnelobis mxriv rame sxvaoba maTSi

ar SeiniSneba. Oorive forma Tanabari mniSvnelobiT Cans xmarebuli:

gimWi-dadadada//gimWi-tatatata “qvaze”, maÄar-dadadada “mTaze, mTaSi”, raR-dadadada “omSi”, di-dadadada

Tana “me vici” an mis paralelurad di-tatatata Tana, du-dadadada asgu “Sens

axlos”, du-ta kunaS´? “Sen SegiZlia?” du-ta-Tu “Sens gamo” (Sdr. lit.

du-dadadada-lÀun); dede-dadadada vas vex½ri “mamam vaJiSvili dainaxa”, salam biSun

bix½inCiÁs´-tatatata (rucábalÀ´-tatatata, muJeraz-tatatata) “salami uTxari qmars (cols,

Tqvenebs)”, háltaras´-ta Tana hánkazul taÄam “mSromelma icis xinklis

gemo” (andaza) ... Sahra-tatatata “gzaze”, stolalÀ´-tatatata “magidaze ... so

halmaRas´ di-tatatata bisa “erTma amxanagma me miTxra”, Ra RalÀ´-tatatata SaqTri

“man masze (qalze) ieWviana”, vex½as´ hús t¾apri baw-tatatata “mwyemsma joxi

dascxo mgels”...

----dadadada, ----tatatata formantTa paraleluri gamoyeneba sofel Tivis

metyvelebaSi erTi da imave funqciiT, SeiZleba aixsnebodes, rogorc

interferenciuli movlena. saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom aqaur anwuxelTa

metyvelebaSi iSviaTobas ar warmoadgens paralelurad xmareba erTi

da imave sityvisa Tu formis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli variantebisa,

xolo es viTareba ver aixsneba martooden Sinagani procesebis

50

gavleniT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom xunZebi TivSi toxisa da

Wadaqolos sxvadasxva mxareebidan da soflebidan arian

Camosaxlebulni da, Sesabamisad, adgili aqvs sxvadasxva TqmebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebel fonetikur, morfologiur Tu leqsikur movlenaTa

Serevas, rac Tavs iCens xolme idioleqtis donezec, paralelur

formaTa Tu warmoTqmaTa saxiT.

II seriis lokativis formanti ----ÃÃÃÃ, romelic niSandoblivia

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis (misi mniSvnelobaa “Tan”) anwuxurSi

amJamad iSviaTia.Mmis nacvlad ufro metad gamoiyeneba ----xxxx½½½½oooo sufiqsi,

romelic daadastura jer kidev il. cercvaZem (cercvaZe, 1948, 169).

es formanti Zalze gavrcelebulia sof. Tivis metyvelebaSic: dun-

xxxx½½½½oooo “CemTan” (Sdr. lit. di-ÃÃÃÃ ), mun-xxxx½½½½oooo (Sdr. lit. du-ÃÃÃÃ ), vac´-xxxx½½½½oooo

“ZmasTan” (Sdr. lit. vacas-u-ÃÃÃÃ), Rvet-xxxx½½½½oooo “xesTan” (Sdr. lit. Roto-ÃÃÃÃ ).

arsebiTi arsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaoba anwuxursa da saliteraturo

formebs Soris, formantTa gamoyenebis mxriv, aris is, rom anwuxuri

----xxxx½½½½oooo daerTvis mxolod saxelobiTis fuZes (e.w. gauformebel fuZes),

xolo –saliteraturo xunZurSi (CrdilourSi) lokativi ----ÃÃÃÃ mudam irib

fuZes mierTvis (lit. Rot-o-ÃÃÃÃ “xesTan”, iribi fuZea Rot-o-, Sdr. naT.

Rot-o-l “xisa”).

rogorc il. cercvaZe aRniSnavs, faqti sainteresoa, ramdenadac

saxelobiT brunvas (gauformebel fuZes) lokativis arc erTi sxva

formanti ----xxxx½½½½oooo-s garda ar daerTviso (cercvaZe,1948,169).

saliteraturo xunZuris – lokativis funqcionalur Sesatyvisad

sof. Tivis metyvelebaSi dasturdeba agreTve ----xxxx formanti.

safiqrebelia, rom igi unda iyos –ÃÃÃÃ lokativis fonetikuri varianti

mag., hab tex½ di-xxxx bugu, Sdr. lit. hab tex½ di-Ã Ã Ã Ã bugo “es wigni me

maqvs”, zedmiw. “es wigni CemTan aris”; t¾e di-xxxx tex½ “Mmomeci me wigni”,

Sdr. lit. t¾e di-ÃÃÃÃ-e tex½ “, Ras´ halmaRas´-xxxx qaRaT Ãvari “man amxanags

werili miswera”, Sdr. lit. dos´ halmaRas´u-ÃÃÃÃ----e qaRaT Ãvana...

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aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom sofel Tivis toxur-Wadaqolour

metyvelebaSi amJamad gamoiyeneba zogi zmnisarTuli formebi,

romlebSic mkvidradaa Semonaxuli lokativi ––––ÃÃÃÃ; aseTi formebia,

magaliTad: maÄaru-ÃÃÃÃ “mTaSi”, Äoru-ÃÃÃÃ “mdinaresTan”, s´veru-ÃÃÃÃ “irgvliv”,

x½olbo-ÃÃÃÃ “irgvliv”...

lit. cada-ÃÃÃÃ, tox. sada-ÃÃÃÃ, Wad. Sada-ÃÃÃÃ “erTad”. es zmnisarTi unda

momdinareobdes ricxviTi saxelisagan “erTi”: lit. co, tox. so, Wad.

So (Sdr. qarT. erT-ad, erT-i). -adadadad---- morfema (c-adadadad-aÃ) igive unda iyos,

rac warmodgenilia agreTve zmnisarTSi yad “dRisiT” (y-ad, Sdr. yo

“dRe”).

yuradRebas imsaxurebs lokativis ----xxxx sufiqsi funqciuri da

sintaqsuri TvalsazrisiT.

rogorc cnobilia, iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa didi nawilis

msgavsad, xunZur enaSi ar moipoveba “qona-yolis” aRmniSvneli zmnuri

formebi. “qona-yolis” semantika rom gadmosces, vTqvaT, amdagvar

winadadebaSi “Zmas cxeni hyavs”, xunZuri ena iyenebs Semdegi saxis

sintaqsur konstruqcias: vac´as´ul Cu bugo, zedmiw. “Zmisa cxeni aris”

(= “hyavs”); aseTive tipisaa winadadeba: dir Äarac bugo, zedmiw. “Cemi

fuli aris” (= “maqvs”) da sxva; anu aseT SemTxvevaSi meSveli zmna bugobugobugobugo

(“aris”) realur subieqts, rogorc wesi, marTavs naTesaobiT brunvaSi.

“qona-yolis” Sinaarsis gadmomcem am tipis konstruqcias specialistebi

uwodeben posesiur (resp. naTesaobiTian) konstruqcias (arn. Ciqobava, il.

cercvaZe, 1962).

magram “qona-yolis” Sinaarss xunZur enaSi SeiZleba gadmoscemdes

sxva tipis sintaqsuri konstruqciac, romelSic bugobugobugobugo (“aris”) meSvel

zmnasTan realuri subieqti warmodgenilia II seriis lokatiur

brunvaSi. amrigad gvaqvs ori saxis konstruqcia:

52

vacású-llll Cu bugo (RS naT. br.)

“Zmas cxeni hyavs”

vacású-Ã Ã Ã Ã Cu bugo (RS II ser. lokat. br.)

“qona-yolis” Sinaarsis gadmomcemi winadadebebi, romlebic II

seriis lokatiuri brunvis formian realur subieqts Seicaven, xunZur

enaSi jer kidev p. uslarma daadastura (p.uslari, 1889). rogorc

amJamad garkveulia, naTesaobiTiani (posesiuri) konstruqciis

winadadebebisagan II seriis lokativiani winadadebebi gamoirCevian imiT,

rom maTi meSveobiT gadmoicema risame droebiT flobis Sinaarsi (z.

malaeva, 2008).

II seriis adgilobiT brunviani analogiuri konstruqcia moepoveba

anwuxur dialeqtsac (aq vemyarebiT yvarlis r-nis sof. TivSi mosaxle

anwuxeli xunZebis toxur-Wadaqolour metyvelebas), oRond

saliteraturo (resp. Crdilouri xunZuris) ----Ã Ã Ã Ã formantis nacvlad aq

mis funqciur Sesatyvisad gvevlineba sufiqsi ----xxxx, mag., baba-xxxx bugu dir

ÄaraS “dedas aqvs Cemi fuli” (zedmiw. “dedasTan aris Cemi fuli”), di-xxxx

hedinab hunar Te‡u “me aseTi SesaZlebloba ar gamaCnia” (amJamad da ara

saerTod)...

warmovadgenT sxva magaliTebsac anwuxuri ----xxxx lokativis

(saliteraturo xunZuris ----Ã Ã Ã Ã formantis funqciuri Sesatyvisis)

winadadebebSi gamoyenebisa.

saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi) sxva

konstruqciaTa Soris Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis ori

konstruqcia:

t¾e diÁ-e e e e tex½

“momeci me wigni!”

t¾e di-ÃÃÃÃ-e tex½

53

anwuxurSi am winadadebebs Seesatyviseba:

t¾e dib-e e e e tex½

“momeci me wigni!”

t¾e di-x x x x tex½

nacvalsaxelTa lokativiani formebi (lit. di-ÃÃÃÃ-e, anw. di-xxxx)

ramdenadme gansxvavdebian micemiTiani formebisagan (lit. diÁ-eeee, anw.

dib-eeee) imiT, rom winadadebebSi isini gadmoscemen aseT semantikur

niuanss: “momeci wigni ramdenime xniT”, “maTxove wigni”...

saliteraturo xunZurSi moipoveba calkeuli iseTi zmnebi,

romlebTanac iribi damateba II seriis lokatiur brunvaSi daismis

xolme; aseTi zmnebia, magaliTad, b-alahize “cqera, yureba”, b-alahun

Wéze “lodini” da sxva. anwuxur dialeqtSi Sesabamis zmnebTan iribi

damateba Cveulebriv ----xxxx sufiqsiT gaformebuli gvxvdeba. magaliTebi

sofel Tivis metyvelebidan: qinulgu du-xxxx lahu rugu “yvelani Sen

giyureben” (Sdr. lit. qinalgo du-ÃÃÃÃ ralahun rugo), mun lahu wá di-x x x x

lÀá “Sen damelode me aq!” (Sdr. lit. mun valahun Wá di-Ã Ã Ã Ã haniv!)...

msgavs viTarebas warmogvidgens zmna-Sesityveba rot¾i qéze “Seyvareba”,

mag., saliteraturo xunZurSi: hasúl rot¾i qána doÁ ÁasalÀú-Ã Ã Ã Ã “mas

Seuyvarda is gogo”. es winadadeba anwuxurad aseTi iqneba: Rusúl

rot¾i x½ala he ÁaalÀ´-xxxx“ (forma ÁaalÀ´-x ← ÁaalÀ´-u-x ← Áas-alÀ´-u-x, Áas

“gogo, qaliSvili”)...

saliteraturo xunZurSi cnobilia II seriis lokatiuri brunvis

kidev erTi daniSnuleba. rogorc dadgenilia, subieqti II seriis

elativis formaSi gamoiyeneba agreTve uneblie, SemTxveviTi moqmedebis

semantikis gamosaxatavad (z. malaeva, 2007). II seriis lokatiuri

brunvis formanti -ÃÃÃÃ elativis (dacilebiTis) formaSi iqneba

----ÃÃÃÃ----a. a. a. a. magaliTad: lit. di----ÃÃÃÃ----a a a a heb Ralat qána “me es Secdoma uneburad

momivida” (zedmiw. ‘Cemgan es Secdoma moxda”...anwuxurSic uneburobis

54

semantikas gadmoscemssubieqti elativis formaSi, Tumca saliteraturo

enisagan gansxvavebiT, igi warmodgenilia I seriis adgilobiTi brunvis

elativis formiT: anw. di-ssss ´́́́ heb Ralat x½a “me es Secdoma uneburad

momivida” (anw. di-s´ ← di-da-sá)...

lit. di-ÃÃÃÃ----a a a a isTaqan beqana

“me Wiqa gamityda” (zedmiw.“Cemgan Wiqa

anw. di-ssss´ ´ ´ ´ isTaqan beqtva gatyda”)

Sdr. lit. di-cccc ´́́́a a a a (RS erg. br.) isTaqan beqana “me Wiqa gavtexe

(ganzrax)”, anw. di-llll¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ (RS erg. br.) isTaqan beqa...

sof. Tivis anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba agreTve Taviseburi

morfema ----dax. dax. dax. dax. es anwuxuri forma saliteraturo xunZurSi efardeba II

seriis alativis (mimarTulebiTis) -ÃÃÃÃ----eeee formas. magaliTebi: lit. di-ÃÃÃÃ----e e e e

royosán xábar S´veWo, zedmiw. “Cem-Tan-ken saxlidan ambavi ar movida”

(“Sinidan ambavi ar momsvlia”), Sdr. anw. di-dax ruyis´ xábar S´veleWu;

lit. ducá vacású-ÃÃÃÃ----e e e e qaRaT ÃvaWiS´ “Sen Zmas (zedmiw. “Zmas-Tan-ken”)

werili ar miswere?”, Sdr. anw. dul¶ vacás´-dax dax dax dax qaRaT ÃvaWiS´? da sxva.

rogorc Cans, anwuxurSi morfema ----daxdaxdaxdax warmomavlobiT unda iyos I

seriis lokatiuri brunvis formanti ----dadadada, romelsac darTuli aqvs

mimarTulebis (alativis) gamomxatveli anwuxuri sufiqsi ----x x x x (-da-x).

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis (Crdilouri xunZurisaTvis)

damaxasiaTebeli adgilobiTi brunvis niSani ----llll¶¶¶¶ anwuxurSiaseve

iSviaTia. rogorc cnobilia, saliteraturo xunZurSi es brunva

gamoxatavs mdebareobas sagnis SigniT, magram iseTi sagnis SigniT,

romelic moklebulia Sinagan sicarieles da warmoadgens mTlian masas

(“wyalSi”, “qvaSi”, “miwaSi”, “qviSaSi” da a.S., agreTve “sofelSi”,

“jogSi”...) (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962,150). anwuxurSi mis nacvlad amJamad

fexs ikidebs zmnisarTis Semcveli aRweriTi formebi. arsebiTi saxeli

55

naTesaobiTis formaSia xolme da naTesaobiTis am formas mosdevs

zmnisarTi: lÀúdul Jan “wyalSi” (lÀím “wyali”, naT. lÀúdul”wylisa”,

Jan “SigniT”; Sdr. lit. lÀád-a-llll¶¶¶¶ “wyalSi”), muc´ri Jan “qviSaSi”

(mucér “qviSa”, naT. muc´r-i-l), Sdr. lit. salu-llll¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ “qviSaSi” da sxva.

----llll¶¶¶¶ lokativi mkvidradaa daculi anwuxuris zmnisarTul

formebSi, rogoricaa rosu-llll¶¶¶¶ “sofelSi”, hába-llll¶¶¶¶ “saflavSi”...

adgilobiTi brunvis is niSani, romelic xunZurSi gramatikuli

klasebis mixedviT icvleba da yovelTvis zmnisarTuli mniSvnelobiT

gamoiyeneba, anwuxurSi gramatikul klasebs ar ganarCevs. rogorc

cnobilia, lokativis es formebic gamoxataven mdgomareobas sagnis

SigniT, oRond iseTi sagnisa, romelsac aqvs Sinagani sicariele risame

mosaTavseblad (“saxlSi”, “ormoSi”, “qvabSi”, “skivrSi”, “jibeSi” da

a.S.).magaliTebi sof. Tivis metyvelebidan:

dede ruyi vugu “mama Sin aris”, Sdr. lit. emen royo-vvvv vugo; baba

ruyi Áugu “deda Sin aris”, Sdr. lit. ebel royo-ÁÁÁÁ Áigo; Ãizan ruyi

bugu “bavSvi Sin aris”, Sdr. lit. lÀímer royo-bbbb bugo; vacÀál ruyi

rugu “Zmebi Sin arian”, Sdr. lit. vacÀál royo-rrrr rugoooo.

anwuxurSi am lokativis adgili SeiZleba daiWiros

zmnisarTulma aRweriTma warmoebamac, mag., poWka Janu “kasrSi” (zedmiw.

“kasris SigniT”); Sdr. lit. boCqaÁalÀú-bbbb.

daSorebiTi (elativi) anwuxurSi iwarmoeba ----ssss ´́́́aaaa formantiT.

sxvaoba saliteraturo xunZurTan SedarebiT mdgomareobs imaSi, rom

daSorebiTis ----ssss ´́́́aaaa formanti saliteraturo xunZurSi SeiZleba gvqondes

mxolod I seriis ----dadadada lokativian formebTan (ganWi-dadadada----ssss ´́́́aaaa “qvidan”,

háltu-dadadada----ssss ´́́́aaaa “samuSaodan”, isTolal-dadadada----ssss ´́́́aaaa “magididan”...), agreTve V

seriis lokativebSi (royo-ssss ´́́́aaaa “saxlidan”, rox½o-ssss ´́́́aaaa “tyidan”, Ransini-ssss ´́́́aaaa

“skivridan”...), xolo sxva danarCen lokatiur brunvebTan ----aaaa formanti

gamoiyeneba (ganWi-ÃÃÃÃ----aaaa “qvasTan”, ganWi-tttt¾¾¾¾----aaaa “qvis qveSidan”, ganWi-llll¶¶¶¶----aaaa

56

“qvisgan”). daSorebiTis -ssss ´́́́aaaa formants anwuxurSi gamoyenebis ufro

farTo areali moepoveba. magaliTebi:

anwux. wúdu-tttt¾¾¾¾----ssss ´́́́aaaa “wvimisgan”, qiSi-llll¶¶¶¶----ssss ´́́́aaaa, Ramsu-tttt¾¾¾¾----ssss ´́́́aaaa

“Ramsutlidan”, Wu-ÃÃÃÃ----ssss ´́́́aaaa “Woxidan”...

lit. wádu-tttt¾¾¾¾----aaaa “wvimisgan”, qarSi-llll¶¶¶¶----aaaa, Ramsu-tttt¾¾¾¾----aaaa “Ramsutlidan”,

Wo-ÃÃÃÃ----aaaa “Woxidan”... (miqailovi, 1959, 89).

daSorebiTis (elativis) warmoebisas sof. Tivis metyvelebaSi -sá

formanti I seriis lokatiur formebTan SeiZleba Segvxvdes fuZesTan

uSualod darTuli saxiTac, anu ----dadadada- lokatiuri formantis gareSe:

Sqola-ssss ´́́́ “skolidan” (Sdr. lit. Sqolal-dadadada----ssss ´́́́aaaa), háltu-ssss ´́́́

“samuSaodan” (Sdr. lit. háltu-dadadada----ssss ´́́́), maRazin-ssss ´́́́ “maRaziidan” (lit.

maRazinal-dadadada----ssssáááá), di-ssss ´́́́ “Cemgan” (Sdr. lit. di-dadadada----ssssáááá), du-ssss ´́́́ “Sengan”

(Sdr. lit. du-dadadada----ssssáááá)...

zog sityvaSi ----dadadada----ssssáááá formantis nacvlad ixmareba ----cccc ´́́́aaaa: rika-cccc ´́́́aaaa

“Soridan” (Sdr. lit. rika-dadadada----ssss ´́́́aaaa), ta-cccc ´́́́aaaa “zemodan” (Sdr. lit. ta-ssss ´́́́aaaa),

eya-cccc ´́́́aaaa “dReidan” (← eyada-ssss ´́́́aaaa, Sdr. eyad “dRes”)... am SemTxvevebSi saqme

gvaqvs afrikatizaciis movlenasTan: c´ ← ds´.

----cccc ´́́́aaaa ixmareba agreTve elativis Semdeg formebSi:

lÀá-cćććáaaa ‘aqedan” (Sdr. lÀá “aq”), Rot¾-cccc ´́́́aaaa “qveSidan”, yurel-cccc ´́́́aaaa

“yvarlidan”... movlena fonetikuri xasiaTisaa. garkveulia, rom

anwuxurSi llllÀ´À´À´À´ da tttt¾¾¾¾ lateralebTan, llll da nnnn sonorebTan da, agreTve,

dddd-sTan mezoblobaSi spiranti ssss ´́́́ → cccc ´́́́, amis Sedegad daSorebiTi

brunvis sufiqsi ssss ´́́́aaaa → cccc ´́́́aaaa (cercvaZe, 1948, 154).

anwuxuri dialeqtis brunebis TaviseburebaTagan aRsaniSnavia

agreTve ----x x x x sufiqsi mimarTulebiTi brunvis (alativis) niSnad (Ciqobava,

cercvaZe, 1962, 162). saliteraturo xunZurSi (da Crdilour xunZurSi)

mimarTulebiT brunvas ----eeee sufiqsi awarmoebs, mag., royo-v-eeee “Sinisaken”.

anwuxurSi ki mimarTulebis niSnad sul sxva formanti, ----xxxx dasturdeba:

57

ruyi----xxxx “Sinisaken”. ----xxxx sufiqsi, Cveulebriv, daerTvis xolme adgilobiTi

brunvis formas: adg. gamWi-ta “qvaze” mimarTulebiT formaSi iqneba

gamWita-xxxx “qva-ze-ken”...

Aanwuxur dialeqtSi gairCeva agreTve SualobiTi brunva, e.w.

translativi (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 164). SualobiTis niSnad aq

gamoiyeneba igive ––––xxxx. mimarTulebiTisagan SualobiTi gansxvavdeba

amosavali formis mixedviT: mimarTulebiTis formaSi ----x x x x daerTvis

uSualod lokatiuri lokatiuri brunvis saTanado formas (lokat.

gamWi-da “qvaze” → mimarT. gamWi-da-xxxx “qva-ze-ken”...), xolo igive ----xxxx

SualobiTi brunvis niSnaddaerTvis daSorebiTis (elativis) formas

formas, mag., adg. gamWi-da “qva-ze” → daSor. gamWi-da-s´a “qva-ze-iT” →

Sual. gamWi-da-s´a-x “qvaze gadavliT” da sxva.

58

zedsarTavi saxeli

zedsarTavi saxeli anwuxur dialeqtSi saliteraturo xunZuris

zedsarTavisagan TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar

miviRebT fonetikurad saxecvlil formebs. sof. TivSi mcxovreb

anwuxelTa toxur-Wadaqolour metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba fonetikurad da,

garkveulwialad, semantikuradac gadasxvaferebuli araerTi forma

zedsarTavi saxelisa. magaliTad:

kudab “didi” _ lit. kudiÁab

Wehéab “maRali” _ lit. Wahíab “msxvili”

yuriÁab “viwro” _ lit. yvaridab

xeleeb “grZeli” _ lit. xalaTab

bicaÁab “sqeli” _ lit. bicaTab

yuyab “dabali”_ lit. yoyab “mokle” da sxva.

Ffonetikuri cvlilebis niadagze anwuxur zedsarTav saxelebSi

xdeba I da II klasis (v, Áv, Áv, Áv, Á) niSanTa gauCinareba, roca es niSnebi

sufiqsebia (win xmovani uZRvis). sof. Tivis metyvelebisaTvis es

movlena sakmaod niSandoblivia: hitin-a ← hitin-av (I kl.), hitina ←

hitin-aÁ (II kl.); Sdr. hitin-ab (III kl.) “patara”... rogorc vxedavT,

zedsarTavSi (hitina) garCeuli ar aris I da II klasis formebi, rac avavavav

da aÁaÁaÁaÁ difTongTa gamartivebis Sedegia, III klass ki sakuTari forma

aqvs SerCenili, raki am klasis niSani bbbb winamaval xmovanTan erTad (abababab)

difTongs ar qmnis.

xunZur enaSi sazRvruli eTanxmeba msazRvrels klassa da ricxvSi.

am viTarebas naTlad warmogvidgens saliteraturo xunZuri:

lÀík-av vas (Ikl.) “kargi biWi”

lÀík-aÁ Áas “kargi gogona” (II kl.)

lik-ab Cu “kargi cxeni” (III kl.)

lÀík-al vasal (Áasal, CuÁal) “kargi biWebi (gogoebi, cxenebi)”

(mr.r.)

59

xolo anwuxurSi, rogorc iTqva, difTongTa gamartivebis

(monofTongizaciis) Sedegad ikargeba I da II klasis v, iv, iv, iv, i niSnebi:

I kl. aaaa ← avavavav, II kl. aaaa ← aaaaÁÁÁÁ (Ciqobava, cercvaZe,1962, 35-36).

magaliTebi Tivis metyvelebidan:

lÀíka Ci vugu Ra “kargi kaci aris igi”, lÀíka Äadam Áugu alJanaT

“kargi qali aris alJanaTi”, Wuhára vaS “lamazi vaJi”, Wuhára ÁaS

“lamazi qaliSvili”, lÀáca Ci “aqauri kaci”, dede voxára vugu “mama

gaxarebuli aris”, baba ioxára Áugu “deda gaxarebuli aris” da sxva.

Aarn. Ciqobavasa da il. cercvaZis dakvirvebiT, III klasis

msazRvrelebi bbbb niSans inarCuneben, radganac ----ab ab ab ab difTongs ar qmnis.

aRniSnaven imasac, rom zogjer I da II klasis formaTa analogiiT III

klasis formamac SeiZleba dakargos klas-niSani sufiqsi (Ciqobava,

cercvaZe, 1962, 36). sof. Tivis TqmaSi amis magaliTebs sakmaod xSirad

vxvdebiT, magaliTebi:

lÀíka Jo “kargi ram” (lÀík-ab), daha mex´ “cota dro” (← dah-ab),

Äisina wul “wvrili SeSa” (← Äisin-ab), rayara mex´ “SimSilobis dro”

(← rayar-ab), eyasá Ced “dRevandeli puri” (← eyas´-ab), tocébes´ Jo

“pirveli ram” (< tocebes´-eb )...

gvxvdeba magaliTebi, sadac msazRvrels mravlobiTis sufiqsic

mokvecili aqvs: rorJin Jal “frinvelebi” (← rorJin-al), ruyi rehin

háivanal “Sinauri cxovelebi” (← rehin-al), Wehée ruyzal “maRali

saxlebi” (←Wehé-al)...

aris SemTxvevebi, roca I da II klasis msazRvrelebSi bolokiduri

aaaa-c ikveceba, mag., nihinW vac´ “umcrosi Zma”, nihinW iac´ “umcrosi da” (←

nihinW-a), yuy vas “dabali biWi’’ (← yuy-a), bawád Ci “sufTa kaci”, bawád

ias “sufTa gogo” (← bawád-a)...

bolokiduri ----a a a a III klasis msazRvrelebSic SeiZleba moikvecos:

gveS unTi “cudi sneuleba” (← gveS-ab), qvan qven “SesaWmeli saWmeli”

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(← qvan-ab), t¾itin bak “dasawoli adgili” (← titin-ab), Canax tvar mex´

“sanadirod wasvlis dro” (← tvarab), retin Jo “Casacmeli ram” (←

retin-ab), wiÁ xabar “axali ambavi” (wiÁ-ab) da sxva.

III klasis msazRvrelebSi amgvari viTareba mTlad gabatonebuli

mainc ar aris. Pparalelurad klasniSniani formebic ixmareba.

msazRvrelTa gamartivebis tendencia dRes ufro axalgazrdobis

metyvelebaSia SesamCnevi.

zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba. zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba. zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba. zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba. zedsarTavi saxeli ibrunvis, roca

igi arsebiTi saxelisagan damoukideblad ixmareba. mxoloobiTSi

zedsarTavi ganarCevs brunebis or tips. ergativSi mas klasebis

Sesabamisad ori daboloeba aqvs: ----aaaa----ssss ´́́́ (I kl.) da ----aaaa----llllÀ´À´À´À´ (II da III kl.).

ergativis ----dddd daboloeba mxolod arsebiTi saxelebis brunebisas

ixmareba, zedsarTavebisaTvis igi ucxoa. mravlobiT ricxvSi ergativis

saerTo daboloebaa ----aaaa----zzzz. magaliTebi anwuxuridan:

I kl. II da III kl.

tin-a “patara”

erg. tin-a-s´ erg. tin-a-lÀ´

naT. tin-a-s´-u-l naT. tin-a-lÀ´-u-l

mic. tin-a-s´-i-b-e mic. tin-alÀ´-i-be

mr.r.

tin-al “patarebi”

erg. tin-a-z

naT. tin-a-z-u-l,

mic. tin-a-z-i-b-e

msazRvrel-sazRvrelis urTierTobis mxriv, anwuxuri ar

gansxvavdeba saliteraturo xunZursa da danarCen dialeqtTagan.

msazRvreli zedsarTavi saxeli, rogorc wesi, win uswrebs sazRvrul

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arsebiT saxels da ucvlelia brunvaTa mixedviT, mag., tina vac´ “patara

Zma”, erg. tina vacás´, naT. tina vac´-as´-u-l, mic. tina vac´-as´-i-b-e da a.S.

ricxviTi saxeli

xunZur yvela dialeqtSi Tvlis sistema ocobiTia. anwuxurSi

ricxviTi saxelebi saliteraturo xunZuris ricxviTi saxelebisagan

gansxvavdebian mxolod fonetikuri TaviseburebebiT. magaliTad:

so (tox.) // So (Wad.) “erTi” _ lit. co

kigu “ori” _ lit. kigo

Tabgu “sami” _ lit. lÀabgo

unÄgu “oTxi” _ lit. unyo

Súgu (tox.) // súgu (Wad.) “xuTi” _ lit. Súgo

anl¶gu “eqvsi” _ lit. anl¶go,

ant¾gu “Svidi” _lit. ant¾go,

mit¾gu “rva” _ lit. mit¾go,

iWgu “cxra”_ iWgo,

anwgu (tox.)// anWgu (Wad.) “aTi” _ lit. anwgo

saliteraturo xunZurSi TerTmetidan cxrametamde ricxviTi

saxelebi, rogorc cnobilia, iwarmoebian anwilaanwilaanwilaanwila fuZis meSveobiT,

romelsac daerTvis erTeulis aRmniSvneli saxelebi (1_9) yovelgvari

cvlilebis gareSe: anwila co “TerTmeti”, anwila kigo “TorTmeti”,

anwila lÀabgo “cameti”, anwila unyo “ToTxmeti”, anwila Súgo

“TxuTmeti’...

anwuxur dialeqtSi anwila anwila anwila anwila fuZis nacvlad ixmareba anwianwianwianwita: ta: ta: ta: anwita

so // So “TerTmeti”, anwita kigu “Tormeti”, anwita Tabgu “cameti”,

anwita unÄgu “ToTxmeti”, anwita Súgu // súgu “TxuTmeti” da a.S.

rogorc garkveulia, anwita anwita anwita anwita fuZe warmomavlobiT I seriis adgilobiTi

brunvis formaa anw-go (“aTi”) ricxviTi saxelisa: anwi-ta “aTze” (Sdr.

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gamWi-ta “qvaze”). amrigad, anwita so _11, anwita kigu _12 da a.S. niSnavs:

“aTze erTi”, “aTze ori” da a.S. (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 109).

“oci” ricxviTi saxelis aRmniSvneli fuZea xunZurSi yogoyogoyogoyogo. 21-dan

29-mde ricxviTi saxelebi saliteraturo enaSi iwarmoeba yoloyoloyoloyolo fuZis

meSveobiT: yolo co _21, yolo kigo _22, yolo lÀábgo _ 23, yolo unyo

_24, yolo Súgo _25 da a.S.

yoloyoloyoloyolo fuZis nacvlad anwuxuri dialeqti, rogorc cnobilia,

iyenebs yota yota yota yota formas: yota so // So _21, yota kigu _22, yota Tabgu _23,

yota unÄgu _24, yota Súgu _25 da a.S.

garkveulia, rom es yotayotayotayota fuzec warmomavlobiT I seriis

adgilobiTi brunvis formaa yo-go (“oci”) ricxviTi saxelisa da

niSnavs “ocze”. amrigad, yota so _21, yota kigu _22 da a.S. niSnavs:

“ocze erTi”, “ocze ori” da a.S. (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 200).

sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi ricxviT saxelebTan SeiniSneba anwitaanwitaanwitaanwita,

yotayotayotayota fuZeebSi fuZeebSi bolokiduri aaaa xmovnis mokveca: anwit so, anwit

kigu, anwit Tabgu... (← anwita), yot so, yot kigu, yot Tabgu (← yota)

da a.S.

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi anwuxurSi iwarmoeba bisarabbisarabbisarabbisarab (tox.) //

biSarabbiSarabbiSarabbiSarab (Wad.) fuZis meSveobiT. es fuZe warmomavlobiT unda iyos

namyos mimReoba zmnisa biszi // biSJi “Tqma”. magaliTebi: kibiSarabkibiSarabkibiSarabkibiSarab

“meore”, TabiSarab TabiSarab TabiSarab TabiSarab “mesame” da a.S.

saliteraturo xunZurSi am fuZes enacvleba abize (“Tqma”) zmnis

myofadis mimReobis forma abileb,abileb,abileb,abileb, mag., ki-abileb “meore”, lÀab-abileb

“mesame” da a.S. anwuxuri bisarab // biSarab fuZe warmodgenilia

agreTve kiTxviT sityvaSi CambisarabCambisarabCambisarabCambisarab (tox.) // CambiSarabCambiSarabCambiSarabCambiSarab (Wad.)

“meramdene”.…………

saliteraturo xunZurSi jerobiT ricxviT saxelebs awarmoebs

elementi ----wulwulwulwul: ki-wul “orjer”, lÀab-wul “samjer”, xolo anwuxurSi

mis nacvlad ixmareba ----win: win: win: win: ki-win “orjer”, Tab-win “samjer” da a.S.

ricxviTi saxelebi ibrunvian iseve, rogorc substantivebi.

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danarCeni tipis ricxviTi saxelebi anwuxur dialeqtSi ar

gansxvavdebian Crdilouri xunZuris ricxviTi saxelebisagan.

nacvalsaxeli

anwuxur dialeqtSi nacvalsaxelebi xasiaTdebian garkveuli

fonetikuri da morfologiuri TaviseburebebiT.

I piris nacvalsaxelebia mxoloobiTSi: dun “me”, nil¶ “Cven”

(inkluziuri forma: “me da Sen, Tqven”), niJ “Cven” (eqskluziuri forma:

“me da is, isini”). aseTive saxiT ixmarebian isini saliteraturo

xunZurSi.

II piris nacvalsaxelia mxoloobiTSi mun “Sen”, iseve rogorc

saliteraturo xunZurSi. mravlobiTSi II piris nacvalsaxeli

fonetikurad gansxvavebulia: muJ “Tqven” (Sdr. lit. nuJ).

I da II piris nacvalsaxelebis morfologiur Taviseburebaa

ergativis niSnad ----llll¶¶¶¶, xolo naTesaobiTisaTvis ----r r r r formantebis

mqonebloba rogorc mxoloobiTSi ise mravlobiTSi. es formantebi

damaxasiaTebelia mxolod I da II piris nacvalsaxelTaTvis. sxva

saxelebisaTvis igive formantebi ucxoa. micemiTSi gamoiyeneba sxva

saxelTaTvisac saziaro ----e e e e formanti. micemiTSi aRniSnulia realuri

obieqtis saxelobiTi brunviT gadmocemuli saxelis gramatikul klasi

(I, II, III klasi) da imave saxelis mravlobiT ricxvi:

dun “me” mun Sen” nil¶ “Cven” (inkl.)

erg. di-llll¶¶¶¶ erg. du-llll¶¶¶¶ erg. nil¶-e-llll¶¶¶¶

naT. di-rrrr naT. du-rrrr naT. nil¶-e-rrrr

mic. di-vvvv-eeee mic. du-vvvv----eeee mic. nil¶-e-vvvv----eeee

di-ÁÁÁÁ-eeee du-ÁÁÁÁ----eeee nil¶-e-ÁÁÁÁ----eeee

di-bbbb-eeee du-bbbb-eeee nil¶-e-bbbb----eeee

di-rrrr-eeee du-rrrr-eeee nil¶-e-rrrr----eeee

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niJ “Cven” (eqskl.) muJ “Tqven”

erg. niJ-e- llll¶¶¶¶ erg. muJ-e-llll¶¶¶¶

naT. niJ-e-rrrr naT. muJ-e-rrrr

mic. niJ-e-vvvv----eeee mic. muJ-e----vvvv----eeee

niJ-e-ÁÁÁÁ----eeee muJ-e----ÁÁÁÁ----eeee

niJ-e-bbbb----eeee muJ-e----bbbb----eeee

niJ-e-rrrr----eeee muJ-e----rrrr----eeee

sagrZnobi sxvaoba iCens Tavs III piris nacvalsaxelTa formebSi.

cnobilia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi (Crdilour xunZurSi) ar

gvxvdeba III piris nacvalsaxelebi. maT funqcias aq, rogorc wesi,

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi asruleben: dodododo----vvvv (I kl.), dodododo----ÁÁÁÁ (II kl.), dodododo----bbbb (III

kl.) “is”, dodododo----llll (mr.r.) “isini’.

sxvagvari viTarebaa anwuxurSi, magaliTad, sofel Tivis mkvidr

anwuxelTa toxur-Wadaqolour TqmaSi III piris nacvalsaxelTa

sakuTari formebi moipoveba, anu pirisa da CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

TvalsaCinodaa diferencirebuli. anwuxurSi III piris nacvalsaxelebad

gvevlinebian RaRaRaRa (I kl.), ReReReRe (II kl.), RaRaRaRa----bbbb (III kl.) “igi”, RaRaRaRa----llll (mr.r.)

“isini”. magaliTebi sofel Tivis metyvelebidan: Ra tva “igi (kaci)

wavida”, Re tva “igi (qali) wavida”, lÀ´id Rab huburi? “vin gaakeTa es?”

Ral lÀ´a rugu “isini aq arian”...

CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebia anwuxurSi dddd----aaaa (I kl.), dddd----eeee (II kl.), dddd----abababab

(III kl.), dddd----alalalal (mr.r.). magaliTebi:

da muhamad vula “ai, is muhamadi aris”, de rahimaT iula “ai, is

rahimaTi aris”, dab Cu bula “ai, is cxeni aris”... swored am formebs

Seesatyviseba Crdilour xunZurSi dodododo----v, dov, dov, dov, do----i, i, i, i, dodododo----b, dob, dob, dob, do----llll CvenebiTi

(aseve III piris) nacvalsaxelebi.

III piris nacvalsaxelTa anwuxuri formebis Sesaxeb cnobebi ar

moipoveba il. cercvaZis naSromSi (cercvaZe, 1948). maT sagangebod arc

S. S. miqailovi gamoyofs, Tumca mis monografiaSi (miqailovi, 1959)

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gvxvdeba am nacvalsaxelTa Semcveli calkeuli frazebi, mag., aseTebi:

Ra tva dvax “igi (kaci) wavida iqiT”, Re tva dex “igi (qali) wavida

iqiT”... am frazebsac mkvlevari sxva sakiTxebze msjelobisas moixmobs

sailustraciod.

anwuxuris RaRaRaRa (I kl.), ReReReRe (II kl.), RabRabRabRab (III kl.), RalRalRalRal (mr.r.) piris

nacvalsaxelTa Sesatyvisad Crdilour xunZurSi gvevlinebian CvenebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi RovRovRovRov (I kl.), RoÁRoÁRoÁRoÁ (II kl.), RobRobRobRob (IIIkl.), RolRolRolRol (mr.r.). arn.

Ciqobavasa da il. cercvaZis varaudiT, Crdilouri xunZuris o o o o

xmovniani variantebisaTvis samxruli dialeqtebis (maT Soris

anwuxuris) a a a a xmovniani variantebi unda iyos amosavali: dov ← dav,

Rov ← Rav (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 217).

anwuxurSi I klasisaTvis Ra Ra Ra Ra rom gvaqvs, xolo II klasisaTvis ReReReRe,

es fonetikuri cvlilebiT aris gamowveuli, kerZod, difTongTa

gamartivebis Sedegia, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia samxrul xunZuri

dialeqtebisaTvis: Ra ← Rav, Re ← Rai (a ← av, e ← aÁ).

mTavari ki is aris, rom Crdilouri xunZuris CvenebiTi

nacvalsaxeli RovRovRovRov, romelic fonetikurad kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba

anwuxuris Ra Ra Ra Ra piris nacvalsaxels, amave dros mkveTrad gamoirCeva

ukanasknelisagan funqciur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT: Crdilouri

xunZuris Rov (I kl.), RoÁ (II kl.), Rob (III kl.), Rol (mr.r.)

nacvalsaxelebi miuTiTeben dabal adgilas myof pirze an saganze, mag.,

gorakze mdgomi gorakis Ziras myofis Sesaxeb ambobs: Rov “is, vinc

dabla imyofeba” (uslari, 1889; Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962); anwuxurSi ki

Ra (Ikl.), Re (II kl.), Rab (III kl.), Ral (mr.r.) III piris nacvalsaxelebad

gamoiyenebian da sivrcesTan mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT neitralurni

arian. aRsaniSnavia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi adre yofila

mcdeloba III piris nacvalsaxelebad zogadi mniSvnelobiT

(sivrcobrivi mniSvnelobisgan ganyenebiT) swored RovRovRovRov, RoÁRoÁRoÁRoÁ, RobRobRobRob, RolRolRolRol

formaTa SemoRebisa, magram amas Sedegi ar mohyolia.

III piris nacvalsaxelebi anwuxurSi Taviseburebas avlenen

brunebis drosac:

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RRRR----aaaa (I kl.) RRRR----eeee “ (IIkl.), Rab Rab Rab Rab (III kl.) RaRaRaRa----l l l l (mr.r.)

erg. Ra-s´ erg. Ra-lÀ´lÀ´lÀ´lÀ´ erg. Ra-z

magram sxva brunvebSi gveqneba aseTi saxis formebi:

naT. R-u-s´-u-l naT. R-u-lÀ´-u-l naT. R-u-z-u-l

mic. R-u-s´-u-b-e mic. R-u-lÀ´-u-b-e mic. R-u-z-u-b-e

aRsaniSnavia sxva nacvalsaxelur formaTa Taviseburebebic.

Tivis metyvelebaSi yuradRebas iqcevs kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli

ssss ´́́́iiii----b b b b “ra”. igi SeiZleba klas niSnis daurTveladac ixmarebodes, mag.,

si Jo hab? “ra aris es?” si dulÀ´ biS? ‘ra Tqvi?”, si dube bat¾mon? “ra

ginda?” da sxva.

dasturdeba ganusazRvrel nacvalsaxelTa erTob Taviseburi

kompozituri formebi:

sosososoÄÄÄÄagiCiagiCiagiCiagiCi an sosososoÄaÁÄaÁÄaÁÄaÁCi ‘Ci ‘Ci ‘Ci ‘‘vinme”

sosososoÄÄÄÄagiJoagiJoagiJoagiJo an sosososoÄaÁÄaÁÄaÁÄaÁJoJoJoJo “rame”

magaliTebi: soÄaÁCi solvons´ lÀ´ax? “vinme movida aq?”, bosun

soÄaÁJo! “aiRe rame!”

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis aseTi formebi ucxoa.

zmnis uaryofiT formebTan eseni iZenen uaryofiT nacvalsaxelTa

mniSvnelobas: dida soÄagiCi vex½eWu “me veravin vnaxe”, dida soÄaÁJo

biw´boh´naru “me araferi mesmis”...

am formebSi warmodgenilia ricxviTi saxeli so “erTi”

(Wadaqolouri warmoTqmiT: So). -ÄagiÄagiÄagiÄagi-, -ÄaÁÄaÁÄaÁÄaÁ- elementi, rogorc Cans,

ganusazRvrelobis mniSvnelobas unda sZendes sityvas. sityva soÄagisoÄagisoÄagisoÄagi

(anda SoÄagiSoÄagiSoÄagiSoÄagi Wadaqolouri warmoTqmiT) gvxvdeba agreTve Sedgenil

zmnisarTSi soÄagi mexsoÄagi mexsoÄagi mexsoÄagi mex ´́́́ (Wad. SoÄagi mex´) “odesRac”.

warmodgenil nacvalsaxelTa daboloebebSi sul advilad

gamoiyofa elementebi: Ci “kaci”, “adamiani” (soÄagi-Ci) da JoJoJoJo “nivTi”,

“sagani” (soÄagi-Jo).

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gvxvdeba amgvaradve Sedgenili kidev erTi ganusazRvreli

nacvalsaxeli, romelic ramdenadme ufro konkretuli mniSvnelobiT

gamoiyeneba da, ase vTqvaT, “vinme qals” gulisxmobs: soÄaÁsoÄaÁsoÄaÁsoÄaÁ----ÄadamÄadamÄadamÄadam “qali

vinme” (anwux. Äadam “qali”): soÄaÁÄadamalÀ´ huburis´ hab h´alti ? “vinmem

(igulisxmeba qali) gaakeTa es samuSao?”

68

zmnazmnazmnazmna

rogorc cnobilia, xunZur zmnas ar moepoveba piris kategoria anu

masSi morfologiuri saSualebebiT ar aRiniSneba piri (pirveli,

meore, mesame) masTan dakavSirebuli saxelebisa _ arc subieqtisa da

arc obieqtisa. piris kategoria xunZur enaSi arsebiTad semantikuri

xasiaTisaa da gamoixateba oden nacvalsaxelTa meSveobiT.

samagierod xunZur zmnaSi gamoxatulia gramatikuli klasi (da

ricxvi) subieqtisac da obieqtisac. zmnis uRvlileba xunZurSi

gulisxmobs cvlas dro-kiloTa mixedviT da saTanado kilosa da

droSi _ gramatikuli klasisa (da ricxvis) mixedviT. dro-kiloTa

formebiT anwuxuri dialeqtis zmna sakmaod mdidaria da

mravalferovani. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom anwuxuri dialeqti am mxriv

saliteraturo xunZurTan SedarebiT met nairgvarobas amJRavnebs.

gardamavali da gardauvali zmnebis dapirispireba anwuxur

dialeqtSi gamoixateba rogorc sintaqsurad (zmnasTan dakavSirebuli

subieqt-obieqtis brunvaTa mixedviT), ise morfologiurad

(gramatikuli klasisa da ricxvis mixedviT). saliteraturo

xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, anwuxuri ganarCevs agreTve moqmedebiT da

vnebiT gvarebs.

zmna ar dairTavs zmniswins (preverbs) da, maSasadame, am saSualebiT

ver gamoxatavs moqmedebis mimarTulebas (an process) sivrceSi. am

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba saxelis adgilobiTi brunvis (lokativis)

formebi.

morfologiuri elementebi zmnaSi SeiZleba gvqondes prefiqsadac

da sufiqsadac. prefiqsiT aRiniSneba gramatikuli klasi (da ricxvi),

sufiqsiT _ yvela danarCeni kategoria.

1. 1. 1. 1. gramatikuli klasi da ricxvi. gramatikuli klasi da ricxvi. gramatikuli klasi da ricxvi. gramatikuli klasi da ricxvi. anwuxuri dialeqtis zmnaTa

sakmao nawils moepoveba gramatikuli klasis niSnebi: vvvv-ugu (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-

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ugu (II kl.), bbbb-ugu (III kl.) “aris”, vvvv-aÄanZi (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-aÄanZi (II kl.), bbbb-

aÄanZi (III kl.) “mosvla”, bbbb-at¾zi “yvareba”, vvvv-eTxzi (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-eTxzi (II

kl.), bbbb-eTxzi (III kl.) “gaRimeba”, vvvv-ezi (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ezi (II kl.), bbbb--ezi (III

kl.) “danaxva”...

iSviaTad klasis niSnebi zmnaSi infiqsadac gvxvdeba: hu-bbbb-uzi

“keTeba”, “Soba”, “dabadeba”; mag., vas hu-vvvv-uri “biWi daibada”, Áas hu-ÁÁÁÁ-

uri “gogo daibada”, babad qvenjo hu-bbbb-uri “dedam saWmeli gaakeTa” da

sxva.

magram klasniSnis mqone zmnebs, iseve rogorc saliteraturo

xunZurSi, anwuxur dialeqtSic uklasniSno zmnebi Warboben: tvenZi

“wasvla”, kanwzi “xtunaoba”, daÄahzi “gaqceva”, kvazi “parsva”, t¾iwi (←

t¾itzi) “daZineba” da sxva mravali.

ama Tu im gramatikul klasTan saxelis kuTvnileba ganisazRvreba

masTan sintaqsurad SekavSirebul klasniSnian zmnaSi morfologiurad

asaxuli saTanado klasis niSnebis mixedviT, romlebic warmogvidgenen

sintaqsur kavSirs realur subieqtsa da klasniSnian zmna-Semasmenels

Soris, Tu es zmna gardauvalia. gardauval zmnaSi, rogorc wesi,

morfologiurad gamoixateba (prefiqsis saxiT) realuri subieqtis

klasi: ah´mad vvvv-aÄnon “ahmadi movida”, silimT ÁÁÁÁ-aÄnÁon “salimaTi

movida”; klasis niSnebi gviCveneben agreTve sintaqsur kavSirs realur

obieqtsa da zmna-Semasmenels Soris, Tu es zmna gardamavalia;

gardamaval klasniSnian zmnaSi morfologiurad aisaxeba (prefiqsis

saxiT) oden realuri obieqtis klasi (realuri subieqti gardamaval

zmnaSi ar aRiniSneba): deded vas vvvv-ecína “mama vaJiSvils aqebs”, deded

Áas ÁÁÁÁ-ecína “mama qaliSvils aqebs”, deded Cu bbbb-ecína “mama cxens

aqebs”.

realuri subieqtis an obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRniSvnisas yvela

klasisaTvis mravlobiTi ricxvis saerTo niSnad klasniSnian zmnaSi

gvevlineba prefiqsi rrrr- :

70

vasal biWebi

Áasal rrrr-aÄnon gogoebi movidnen

Cul cxenebi

gramatikuli klasisa da ricxvis zmnuri kategoria anwuxur

dialeqtSi ar avlens rame gansakuTrebul Taviseburebebs

saliteraturo xunZursa da sxva dialeqtTa Sesabamis kategoriebTan

mimarTebiT.

2. 2. 2. 2. klasklasklasklas----niSniani da uklasniSniani da uklasniSniani da uklasniSniani da uklas----niSno zmnebiniSno zmnebiniSno zmnebiniSno zmnebi. xunZur enaSi gramatikuli

klasebis mixedviT icvlebian iseTi zmnebi, romelTac klasis niSnebi

aqvT fuZeSi. magaliTebi anwuxuridan:

bbbb-ugu “aris”, bbbb-oÃzi “adgoma”, bbbb-egzi “wola”, bbbb-oszi “aReba”, bbbb-iCzi

“gayidva”, bbbb-ec´zi “qeba”, bbbb----at¾zi “yvareba”, bbbb-ex½zi “xedva”, bbbb----aTazi

“povna”, “naxva”, bbbb-et¾zi “xvna”, hu-bbbb-uzi “keTeba” da sxva.

amave dros mravlad gvxvdeba iseTi zmnebic, romelTa fuZeSic

klasis niSnebi ar moipoveba; uklasniSno zmnebia anwuxurSi,

magaliTad:

tvenZi “wasvla”, Wézi “dgoma”, h´velZi “mokvdoma”, hálwi “muSaoba”,

qvenZi “Wama”, yelZi “sma”, Tazi “codna”, Wvazi “mokvla”, Ãvazi “wera”,

wálzi “kiTxva”, hiyzi “SekiTxva”, Tezi “dadeba”, t¾ezi “micema”, yutzi

“Wra”, t¾apzi “dartyma” da sxva. iseve, rogorc saliteraturo xunZursa

da sxva dialeqtebSi, anwuxurSic uklasniSno zmnebis ricxvi Warbobs

klas-niSnianebisas.

3. 3. 3. 3. rrrr---- TavsarTian zmnaTa istoriisaTvisTavsarTian zmnaTa istoriisaTvisTavsarTian zmnaTa istoriisaTvisTavsarTian zmnaTa istoriisaTvis.... xunZuri enis zmnur

morfologiaSi aRweriTi da istoriuli TvalsazrisiTac, erT-erT

saintereso elementad warmogvidgeba prefiqsi rrrr----. istoriulad igi

warmoadgenda xunZur enaSi aw ukve gamqrali IV gramatikuli klasis

niSans, Tumca funqciaSecvlili saxiT es rrrr---- prefiqsi, kvlavac

71

ganagrZobs arsebobas rogorc klas-niSniani zmnebis mravlobiTi

ricxvis ganzogadebuli (gramatikul klasTagan ganyenebuli) niSani


xunZur enaSi sakmaod gvxvdeba iseTi zmnebi, romlebsac anlautSi

amJamad oden r- TavsarTi moudiT, Tumca uwin mis nacvlad klasisa da

ricxvis cvalebadi niSnebi unda hqonodaT. aseTi zmnebia, magaliTad:

rrrr-et-i-ne `Cacma~ (Sdr. r-et-el `tanisamosi~):

unago nuxda has´da co lÀík retel-x½iT retarav Ci dandWvanila

`modioda ra gzaze, amas erTi kargad tanisamos-fexsacmel Cacmuli ka-

ci Sexvedria~ (xunZ. zRaprebi, 1990, 59)...

mimReobis forma aq wesiT III klasis bbbb- niSniani unda Kyofiliyo:

*b-etarav;

rrrr-eSt-i-ne `Camosvla~, `CamoqveiTeba~; rrrr-ek-i-ne àmxedreba~:

JabraÄel malaÁiq reStun vugo zodisá `gabriel angelozi Camo-

vida zecidan~ (uslari, 1889, ganyK. II, 174);

vas reStanila, emen hámida rekanila `vaJiSvili CamoqveiTebula,

mama virze amxedrebula~ (zRaprebi, 1990, 59)...

mosalodneli iyo vvvv- klasis niSniani (I kl.) formebi: *v-eStun, *v-

eStanila, *v-ekanila;

rrrr-ix-i-ne `SeZuleba~:

alJanalda JaniÁ Jauhar ÄadinaÁ, sundalÀun vot¾ulev duda rixa-

raÁ? `samoTxis margalitis msgavsi [qali], ris gamo var sayvarelo [va-

Jo] Sengan SeZulebuli? (uslari, 1889, gany. II, 15)...

aq mimReobis forma II klasis ÁÁÁÁ---- niSniani unda Kyofiliyo: * Á-

ixaraÁ;

rrrr-elÀ´-i-ne `msgavseba~:

Äorwen hámida relÀárab háÁvan bugo `jori viris msgavsi cxove-

li aris~ (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 380)...

mimReobis am formaSi bunebrivi iqneboda III klasis bbbb- niSani

*b-elÀárab;

72

rrrr-ex´-i-ze `gadagdeba~:

bakab raCí baCún hálgi Sún, KyinlÀíze ÁikaraÁ halÀ´´ lÀimer

rexún bugo `mZime tvirTis tarebiT Zala daadga-ra, samSobiarod

myofs mas [qals] bavSvi gauvarda~ (xunZ. zRaprebi, 1990, 71)...

namyos absolutivis forma aq unda Kyofiliyo bbbb- (III kl.) niSniani:

*b-exún;

rrrr-eW´-i-ze `srola~, `dacema~, `datakeba~:

hes´da tad reWún, nuqar xun vugo, misqinav vas Wago xútun vugo

`mas zed daeca-ra, nuqeri mokvda, sawyali biWi cocxali darCa (zRapre-

bi, 1990, 72)...

aq ki namyos absolutivis forma I klasis vvvv- niSniT unda gvqono-

da: *v-eWun...

amdagvari zmnebi sxvac daiZebneba. gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebeli

Cans es rrrr- TavsarTiani formebi Crdilouri xunZurisaTvis, xolo sa-

mxrul dialeqtebSi moipoveba zmnebi, romelTac saliteraturo

xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, klasis niSnebi SenarCunebuli aqvT.

anwuxur dialeqtSi, magaliTad, saliteraturo zmnas rrrr-ah-i-ze

(`gaReba~) efardeba bbbb-ah-zi ìd.~, mag., nuwá bahzi `karis gaReba~, mr.r.

nuwíl rahzi `karebis gaReba~... Tumca isic aRsaniSnavia, rom

paralelurad SeiZleba rrrr---- TavsarTiani formac gvxvdebodes

mxoloobiT ricxvSi, magaliTad, sof. Tivis anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi:

babad nuwá raharabgu Timal dandi reqeru S´va “dedam kari gaaRo Tu

ara, bavSvebi misken gamoiqcnen”... TviTon saliteraturo xunZurSic

(Crdilour xunZurSi) amJamad moipoveba klas niSniani formebi rrrr-ahize

(“gaReba”) zmnisa, oRond sainteresoa, rom am zmnebs ramdenadme

gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi aqvT, mag., vvvv-ahize (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ahize (II kl.)

“yuradRebis mipyroba”. igive zmna bbbb---- klasis niSniT (bbbb-ahize) aRniSnavs

“cxadyofas”, “aRmoCenas”. misi sxva mniSvnelobebia: “garRveva”,

“gaxvreta”, “gaxeva”, “gacveTa”. saerTod rom iTqvas, xunZuri enis

leqsika metad sainteresoa polisemiisa Tu sxva semantikur movlenaTa

73

TvalsazrisiT rogorc saliteraturo enaSi, ise dialeqtebSi.

dReisaTvis araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi dReisaTvis Sesaswavlia.

saliteraturo xunZursa da dialeqtTa met nawilSi amJamad oden

rrrr---- TavsarTiania zmna r-axaze “daxurva”, daketva”, mag., nuwá raxaze

“karis daxurva”. bbbb---- klasis niSniani forma am zmnisa anwuxurSi

gvxvdeba: bbbb-aházi. sof. Tivis anwuxur metyvelebaSi moipoveba agreTve

klasniSniani Sesatyvisi formebi saliteraturo xunZuris rrrr----

TavsarTiani zmnisa r-ixine “SeZuleba”; aq iTqmis: vvvv-ih´zi (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ih´zi

(II kl.)...

aseve, lit. rrrr-eStine `Camosvla~, Sdr. andalaluri vvvv-eStde (I kl.),

ÁÁÁÁ-eStde (II kl.), bbbb-eStde (III kl.), rrrr-eStde (mr.r.) ìd.~; lit. rrrr-exíze

`gadagdeba~, Sdr. anwux. vvvv-ex´zi (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ex´zi (II kl.), bbbb-ex´zi (III kl.),

rrrr-ex´zi (mr.r.) ìd.~. da sxv. zogierT zmnas rrrr- ukve sabolood damkvidre-

bia rogorc saliteraturo enaSi (Crdilour xunZurSi), ise dialeqteb-

Sic, mag., rrrr-etine `Cacma~, rrrr-ekine àmxedreba~, rrrr-eWíze `srola~, rrrr-uk´-ine

`dabneleba~, rrrr-ohine `gaTeneba~... (miqailovi, 1964, 10).

ras unda gamoewvia rrrr- TavsarTis gabatoneba da mis mier klasis

niSanTa nivelireba? aq unda aRiniSnos, upirveles yovlisa, im

funqciur-semantikuri datvirTvis Sesaxeb, rac rrrr---- prefiqss xunZur

enaSi moepoveba saerTod, kerZod, misi meSveobiT sityvas ganyenebuli

mniSvneloba eZleva xolme. es TvalnaTliv Cans, magaliTad, klas

niSnian zmnaTagan warmoebul abstraqtul arsebiT saxelebSi,

romlebic, rogorc wesi, anlautSi rrrr---- prefiqss dairTaven xolme: r-

ot¾i “siyvaruli” (Sdr. amosavali zmna I kl. vvvv-ot¾ize, II kl. ÁÁÁÁ-ot¾ize,

III kl. bbbb-ot¾ize “yvareba”), rrrr-oxí “sixaruli” (Sdr. I kl. vvvv-oxíze, II kl.

ÁÁÁÁ-oxíze, III kl. bbbb-oxíze “gaxareba”), rrrr-ayi “SimSili” (Sdr. I kl. vvvv-ayize,

II kl. ÁÁÁÁ-ayize, III kl. bbbb-ayize “moSieba”) da sxva. safiqrebelia, rom

klas-niSnian zmnebSi afiqsuri mravalferovnebis moSla unda asaxavdes

amdagvar tendencias, saxeldobr, enis miswrafebas sityvis

74

mniSvnelobaTa ufro ganzogadebisaken. es tendencia xunZuri enisaTvis

saerTod damaxasiaTebeli Cans, rasac sxva faqtebic gvimowmeben.

ase, magaliTad, analogiuri movlena rrrr afiqsis mier klasis

niSanTa nivelirebisa SesamCnevia nacvalsaxelebSic: di-rrrr `Cemi~, du-rrrr

`Seni~, neJe-rrrr `Cveni~ (eqskl.), nel¶e-rrrr `Cveni~ (inkl.), noJo-rrrr `Tqveni~.

aqac -rrrr ganzogadebuladaa gamoyenebuli. specialur literaturaSi

aRniSnulia, rom winaT unda gvqonoda di-vvvv, di-ÁÁÁÁ , di-bbbb,

di-rrrr, rogorc amJamad iTqmis andiur enaSi (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 92).

aseTive viTareba SeiniSneba calkeul zmnisarTebSi. magaliTad:

cé-rrrr-eyad `guSinwin~.

am zmnisarTisaTvis amosavalia klasniSniani forma: cé-vvvv-e (I kl.),

cé-ÁÁÁÁ-e (II kl.), cé-bbbb-e (III kl.), cé-rrrr-e (mr.) `win~; aq warmodgenili Kyyyyadadadad

elementic zmnisarTia da misi mniSvnelobaa `dRisiT~; Sdr. Kyo `dRe~.

savaraudod, rrrr- TavsarTis Semcveli unda iyos agreTve zmnisarTi

rrrr-ikád `Sors~.

sainteresoa, rom rrrr- afiqsi moepoveba TavkidurSi zmnisarTisa-

gan warmoebul erT sityvasac: rrrr-aydal-lÀi `xmeleTi~. igi -llllÀÀÀÀiiii sufiqsis

meSveobiTaa warmoqmnili amJamad aRar arsebuli zmnisarTisagan *bayK-

dal, romlis mniSvnelobac iyo `mzeze~; Sdr. bayK `mze~. aq -daldaldaldal warmo-

adgens zmnisarTTa mawarmoebel sufiqss, mag., ix´-daldaldaldal `gazafxulze~,

Sdr. ix´´ `gazafxuli~. TviTon fuZe rrrr-aydal xunZur enaSi dRes ixmare-

ba viTarebiT zmnisarTad da `gvalvianobis~ mniSvnelobiT iTqmis, mag.,

isana hanib raydal bukana `wleuls aq gvalva iyo~. misganaa miRebuli

zedsarTavi saxelic: rrrr-aydal-ab `gvalviani~, mag., raydalab ri‡i `gval-

viani zafxuli~.

warmodgenil magaliTebSi sayuradReboa is faqti, rom III klasis

bbbb- niSans Senacvlebulia rrrr-: b-ay-dal → r-ay-dal. sxvaTa Soris, amis

msgavsi movlena gvaqvs zmnaSi bbbb-ayvaze, masd. bbbb-ayvaÁ `gaxmoba~, `gaSro-

ba~, romelic aseve Sedgenilia `mzis~ aRmniSvneli sityvisagan bbbb-ayK.

75

mravlobiTi forma am zmnisa aris rrrr-ayvaze, masd. rrrr-ayvaÁ `gaxmoba, ga-

Sroba mravlisa~. ufro metic, igi I da II klasis niSnebsac ki dair-

Tavs, Tu adamianis gaSrobas Seexeba saubari: inf. vvvv-aKvaze, masd. vvvv-aKva

(I kl.); inf. vvvv-ayvaze, masd. vvvv-ayvaÁ (II kl.). cxadia, ase xdeba imitom,

rom sitKvis Semadgeneli b-ayK fuZe mniSvnelobiT aRar udris `mzes~,

anu saqme gvaqvs fuZis desemantizaciasTan. igive ram SeiZleba iTqvas rrrr-

aydal-lÀi da rrrr-aydal leqsemaTa Sesaxebac, romelTa warmomavloba

`mzis~ aRmniSvneli b-ayK fuZisagan eWvs ar iwvevs.

4. 4. 4. 4. gardamavloba da gardauvalobagardamavloba da gardauvalobagardamavloba da gardauvalobagardamavloba da gardauvaloba. xunZur enaSi gamoyofen xuTi

saxis konstruqcias imis mixedviT, Tu ra brunvaSia dasmuli realuri

subieqti (arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe, 1962,). aseTi tipis konstruqciebi

gvaqvs anwuxur dialeqtSic:

1) nominatiuri (saxelobiTiani) konstruqcia: vac´ vugu “Zma aris”,

dede háltina “mama muSaobs” da sxva.

2) ergatiuli (moTxrobiTiani) konstruqcia: vacás´ Cu bosa “Zmam

cxeni iyida”, deded wul yutri “mamam SeSa gaWra”, babad qvenjo huburi

“dedam saWmeli gaakeTa”...

3) datiuri (micemiTiani) konstruqcia: dede-v-e inel vas vat¾ana

“mamas Tavisi vaJiSvili uyvars”, dede-Á-e inel Áas Áat¾ana “mamas Tavisi

qaliSvili uyvars”, dede-b-e Cu bat¾ana “mamas mamas cxeni uyvars”, dede-

r-e Cul rat¾ana “mamas cxenebi uyvars”.

4) posesiuri (naTesaobiTiani) konstruqcia: vacásúl Cu bugu “Zmas

cxeni hyavs”, zedmiw. “Zmisa cxeni aris”; dedel ÄaraS bugu “mamas fuli

aqvs”, zedmiw. “mamis fuli aris” da sxva.

5) lokatiuri (adgilobiTiani) konstruqcia: vacás´da Cu beri “Zmam

cxeni dainaxa” vacás´da sas riÄina “Zmas xma esmis”, vacás´da ÃvaÁ Tana

“Zmam wera icis”...

76

xunZur enaSi zmnis gramatikuli aRnagoba mWidrodaa

dakavSirebuli gardamavlobisa da gardauvalobis mixedviT zmnaTa

dapirispirebasTan. gardamaval zmnasTan dakavSirebulia winadadebis

ergatiuli konstruqcia, xolo gardauvalTan _ nominatiuri

konstruqcia. amgvari viTarebaa anwuxur dialeqtSic.

Tu realuri subieqti gamoxatulia ergativis, micemiTis an

lokativis formiT, maSin zmna-Semasmeneli klassa da ricxvSi eTanxmeba

realur obieqts (pirdapir damatebas), romelic, rogorc wesi, daismis

saxelobiT (nominatiur) brunvaSi: ah´madid (erg.br.) isTolaldas´a te

bosa “ahmadma magididan wigni aiRo”, asmave (mic. br.) vas vat¾ana “asmas

vaJiSvili uyvars”, Ãizanazda (I seriis lokat. brunva) Cu beri

“bavSvebma cxeni dainaxes”.

anwuxur dialeqtSi, saliteraturo xunZuris msgavsad,

warmodgenilia gardamaval da gardauval zmnaTa jgufebi:

yovelTvis gardamavalia zmnebi: boszi “aReba”, “yidva”, Ãvazi “wera”,

minZi “Tqma”, Wvazi “mokvla”, beJzi “Sewva”, biCzi “gayidva”, hubuzi

“keTeba’, yunwzi “kreWa”, t¾apzi “dartyma”, vezi “daWera” da sxva.

gardamavalia agreTve grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatveli zmnebi (verba

sentiendi): bat¾zi “yvareba”, Tazi “codna”, bezi “xedva”, riÄzi “smena”,

baTzi “povna”. “naxva”, biW´zi “gageba” da sxva.

yovelTvis gardauvalia zmnebi: t¾iwi (← t¾itzi) “Zili”, Turzi

“lpoba”, buyvazi “xmoba”, vaÄanZi “mosvla”, tvenZi “wasvla”, vayzi

“SimSili”, beJzi “zrda”, vuqerzi “gaqceva” vaÄun W´elZi “jdoma” da

sxva.

5. 5. 5. 5. infinitiviinfinitiviinfinitiviinfinitivi. Crdilour (saliteraturo) xunZurs moepoveba

infinitivis orgvari daboloeba: -ze ze ze ze da ----nenenene. am or formants Soris

mniSvnelobis mxriv gansxvaveba ar SeiniSneba. zmnaTa umravlesoba ----zezezeze

daboloebiania. TanxmovniT daboloebul fuZeebs orive es daboloeba

77

erTvis -i- an -e- Tematuri xmovnebis meSveobiT (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962,

253):

hab-i-ze “keTeba”, yot-i-ze “Wra”, bos-i-ze “aReba”... t¾-e-ze “micema”,

hey-e-ze “daleva”... baW-i-ne “mosvla”, buk-i-ne “yofna”, qv-i-ne “SeWma”...

koC-e-ne “daviwyeba”, relÀ´-e-ne “msgavseba”...

xmovniT daboloebul fuZeebs infinitivis formanti uSualod

daerTvis Tematuri xmovnebis gareSe: lÀa-ze “codna”, Wva-ze “mokvla”,

wóro-ze “gayinva”, fu-ze “berva”...

Crdilourisagan gansxvavebiT, infinitivis daboloebad anwuxurs

moepoveba erTaderTi formanti ----zezezeze. toxursa da WadaqolourSi

gairCeva ori fonetikuri varianti am formantisa: toxurSi gvaqvs ----zizizizi,

xolo WadaqolourSi – -Ji.Ji.Ji.Ji.

----zi zi zi zi ← -zezezeze fonetikuri cvlilebis, kerZod, bolokiduri eeee xmovnis

daviwroebis Sedegia, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia samxruli

xunZurisaTvis (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 245).

infinitivis daboloebad ----nenenene anwuxurSi amJamad ar gvxvdeba, magram,

Cans, igi aq unda arsebuliyo. -ne daboloebis kvali Semonaxulia

infinitivis zogierT formaSi ----zizizizi daboloebis win nnnn Tanxmovnis saxiT

(-nnnn----zizizizi): sé-nnnn-zi “Caqroba” (lit. s´v-i-ne), qve-nnnn-zi “SeWma” (lit. qv-i-ne),

reke-nnnn-zi “amxedreba” (lit. rek-i-ne), keCe-nnnn-zi “daviwyeba” (lit. koC-e-

ne)... nnnn Tanxmovnis mezoblobaSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa zzzz spirantis

gaafrikateba: toxur kilokavSi zzzz iZleva ZZZZ afrikats nnnn TanxmovanTan

mezoblobaSi, xolo WadaqolourSi zzzz gvaZlevs ZZZZ Tanxmovans imave

poziciaSi: sénZZZZi (tox.), sénjjjji (Wad.) “Caqroba”; qvenZZZZi (tox.), qvenjjjji

(Wad.) “SeWma”; rekenZZZZi (tox.), rekenjjjji (Wad.) “amxedreba”; keCenZZZZi (tox.),

keCenjjjji (Wad.) “daviwyeba”...

----zizizizi (// ----JiJiJiJi) daboloebis win anwuxurSi yovelTvis Cavardnilia

Tematuri xmovani: yut-zi “Wra” (lit. yot-i-ze), baq-zi “danTeba” (lit.

baq-i-ze), ah´-zi “daZaxeba” (lit. ah´-i-ze)...

78

----zizizizi, ----JiJiJiJi daboloebebi ganicdian xolme afrikatizacias im

SemTxvevaSic, Tu zmnis fuZe, romelsac es formantebi daerTvian, tttt an

TTTT TanxmovniT bolovdeba:

yutzi → yuwwwwi (tox.) “Wra”, yutJi → yuWWWWi (Wad.) “Wra”; háltzi →

hálwwwwi (tox.) “muSaoba”, háltJi → hálWWWWi “muSaoba”; t¾itzi → t¾iwwwwi

(tox.) “daZineba”, t¾itJi → t¾iWWWWi (Wad.) “daZineba”...

aseve, WadaqolourSi gvaqvs: ruRunCCCCi “miCveva” ← ruRunT-Ji, xíraCCCCi

“gaZvireba” ← xíraT-Ji “gaZvireba”...

iseve, rogorc saliteraturo xunZurSi (CrdilourSi), anwuxurSic

infinitivis ZiriTadi sintaqsuri funqciaa miznis garemoebis gamoxatva:

vac´ wul yutzi (// yuwi) tva “Zma SeSis mosaWrelad wavida”... Ra

t¾iWi (// t¾itJi) vegun wá “igi dasaZineblad dawva”...

infinitiviT gadmoicema agreTve (saliteraturo xunZuris msgavsad)

aucileblobis modaluri niuansi bugu (“aris”) meSvelzmniani aRweriTi

formis gamoyenebiT:

t¾ezi bugu dil¶ Rusúbe Äaras “unda mivce me mas fuli”, meTer

dil¶ wul yuwi (//yutzi) bugu “xval me SeSa unda davWra” da sxva.

6. 6. 6. 6. dro: awmyo zogadi, martivi myofadi, namyo ZiriTadi. dro: awmyo zogadi, martivi myofadi, namyo ZiriTadi. dro: awmyo zogadi, martivi myofadi, namyo ZiriTadi. dro: awmyo zogadi, martivi myofadi, namyo ZiriTadi. zmnis

uRvlilebisas anwuxurSi Taviseburia droTa mawarmoebeli formantebi;

magaliTad:

awmyo zogads awarmoebs sufiqsi ----na na na na saliteraturo xunZuris ----la la la la

sufiqsis nacvlad:

anwux. wál-i-na na na na “kiTxulobs”, x½vad-i-na na na na “dadis”, yut-i-nananana “Wris”,

bet¾-i-na na na na “xnavs”, Cur-i-na na na na “recxavs”, har-i-na na na na “sTxovs”, s´ver-i----nananana

“trialebs”, becT-i----na na na na “brmavdeba”, Ãam-i-na na na na “itacebs”, Tu-na na na na “debs”, tu-na na na na

“asxams”, t¾u-na na na na “aZlevs”, Äu-nnnnaaaa “izrdeba”, T-a----na na na na “icis”, Ãv-a-na na na na “wers”,

qvan-a-na na na na “Wams”, w´-a-na na na na “swevs”, Wv-a-nananana“klavs”, b-a-nananana “cviva”...

79

lit. wál-u-lalalala “kiTxulobs”, x½vad-u-la la la la “dadis”, yot-u-la la la la “Wris”,

bet¾-u-lalalala “xnavs”, Cur-u-lalalala “recxavs”, har-u-la la la la “sTxovs”, s´ver-u-la la la la

“trialebs”, beclÀ-u-lalalala “brmavdeba”,Ãam-u-la la la la “itacebs”, lÀ-o-la la la la “debs”,

t-o-la la la la “asxams”, t¾-o-lalalala “aZlevs”, Ä-o-la “izrdeba”, lÀ-a-la la la la “icis”, Ãv-

a-la la la la “wers”, qvan-a-lalalala “Wams”, w´-a-lalalala “swevs”, Wv-a-lalalala “klavs”, b-a-lalalala

“cviva”...

Tematur xmovnebad awmyo zogadis ----nananana daboloebis win SeiZleba

gvqondes ----iiii---- (yut-iiii-na, baq-iiii-na “anTebs”...), anda ----aaaa---- (bat¾-aaaa-na “uyvars”, beq-

aaaa-na “texs”, T-aaaa-na “icis”...). iseTi Tematuri xmovnebi, rogoricaa

Crdilouri xunZuris ----uuuu---- (yot-uuuu-la “Wris”), ----oooo---- (hey-oooo-la “svams”)

anwuxurisaTvis ucxoa.

awmyo zogadis mawarmoebel -nananana formants sofel Tivis

metyelebaSi zogjer ekveceba bolokiduri xmovani:

behi----n n n n àris~ (← behi-na), yuti-nnnn `Wris~ (← yuti-na), baqi-nnnn ànTebs~

(← baqi-na), Ãva----nnnn `wers~ (← Ãva-na), hubu----nnnn àkeTebs~ (← hubu-na), hálti----nnnn

`muSaobs~ (← hálti-na), t¾u----nnnn àZlevs~ (← t¾u-na), qva-nnnn `Wams~ (← qva-na)

, ya-nnnn `svams~ (← ya-na), Ta----nnnn ìcis~ (← Ta-na), reti----nnnn ìcvams~ (← reti-na),

kanwi----nnnn `xtis~ (← kanwi-na), Wva----nnnn `klavs~ (← Wva-na), tva----nnnn `midis~ (← tva-

na), beqeri----n n n n `garbis~ (← beqeri-na) da sxva.

es movlena mogvagonebs yaraxuli dialeqtis viTarebas, oRond im

gansxvavebiT, rom yaraxulSi -nananana formantis Sekvecili varianti (-nnnn)

namyoSi gvaqvs da ara awmyoSi (an myofadSi) rogorc anwuxurSi, Sdr.

yarax. yota-nnnn `gaWra~, baqa-nnnn `daanTo~, habu-nnnn `gaakeTa~, t¾u-nnnn `misca~,

Wva----nnnn `movla~...

Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi es movlena axalgazrdobis metyvelebas

ufro axasiaTebs. ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenelTa metyvelebaSi -nananana

daboloeba sruli saxiTaa SenarCunebuli, mag., yuti-nananana `Wris~, baqi----nananana

ànTebs~, hubu-nananana àkeTebs~, t¾u-nananana àZlevs~, Wva-nananana `klavs~ da a. S. Tumca

garkveul ryevas am mxriv maT metyvelebaSic SeiZleba hqondes adgili.

80

mniSvnelobiT awmyo zogadi uaxlovdeba xolmeobiTs: yutina “Wris

xolme baqina “anTebs xolme”. moqmedebis konkretuli drois gageba mas

ara aqvs, gamoxatavs awmyos Sinaarss zogadad.

formobriv awmyo zogadi savsebiT emTxveva martiv myofads.

Crdilour xunZurSi martivi myofadi awmyo zogadisagan gairCeva

Tematuri xmovnebiT, xolo daboloebebi drois orsave am formas erTi

da igive aqvs, mag., awmyo zogadi: yot-uuuu-la “Wris” – martivi myofadi:

yot-iiii-la “gaWris”; awm. zog. hey-oooo-la “svams” – mart. myof. hey-eeee-la

“dalevs”... anwuxurSi awmyo zogadsa da martiv myofads Soris

gansxvaveba am mxrivac ar gvaqvs. SeiZleba iTqvas, drois orive es

forma anwuxurSi amJamad identuria: forma yut-i-na SeiZleba gagebuli

iqnas (konteqstis Sesabamisad) rogorc “Wris” an “Wris xolme” da aseve

rogorc “gaWris”... es SeiZleba iTqvas ----nananana daboloebiani nebismieri

zmnuri formis Sesaxeb. amdagvari formobrivi aRreva aris imis mizezi,

rom amJamad sof. Tivis metyvelebaSi ----nananana daboloebiani zmnuri formebi

ukve TandaTanobiT kargaven awmyos gagebas da upiratesad myofadis

mniSvnelobas iZenen. awmyos gamoxatvis saSualebad TivSi mosaxle

anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi sul ufro metad ikideben fexs awmyo-

konkretulis mawarmoebeli meSvelzmniani aRweriTi formebi.

namyo ZiriTadi anwuxurSi iwarmoeba ----riririri formantiT, nacvlad

saliteraturo xunZuris ----nananana sufiqsisa:

anw. yut-riririri “gaWra”, baq-riririri “daanTo”, h´alt-riririri “imuSava”, Ãva-riririri

“dawera”, hubu-riririri “gaakeTa”, t¾u-riririri “misca”, t¾it-riririri “daiZina”...

lit. yot-aaaa----nananana “gaWra”, baq-aaaa----nananana “daanTo”, h´alt-aaaa----nananana “imuSava”, Ãva-na na na na

“dawera”, habu-nananana “gaakeTa”, t¾u-nananana “misca”, t¾iJ-a-nananana “daiZina”...

Tematuri xmovnebi ----riririri formantis win ar Cans.

meore mxriv, ----riririri daboloebian namyos formebTan erTad anwuxurSi

namyo ZiriTadis iseTi formebic gvxvdeba, romelTac oden Tematuri

xmovani aqvT; aseTi xmovania namyo ZiriTadis rig formebSi ----aaaa : bos-a a a a

“aiRo” (Sdr. lit. bos-aaaa-na), biCa “gayida” (lit. biC-aaaa-na), qv-aaaa “SeWama”

(lit. qv-aaaa-na), h´v-a “mokvda” (lit. xv-aaaa-na), baT-aaaa “ipova” (lit. baT-aaaa-na)...

81

oden ----aaaa Tematur xmovniani zmnebi anwuxurSi sakmaod bevria, magram

ufro metia ----riririri daboloebiani formebi.

----riririri daboloeba namyoSi daerTvis boloTanxmovniani fuZis mqone

iseT zmnebs, romelTac ----iiii---- Tematuri xmovani aqvT awmyo zogadSi:

yut-riririri “gaWra” – awmy. yut-iiii----nananana “Wris”, baq-riririri “daanTo” – awmy. baq-iiii----

nananana “anTebs”...

oden ----a a a a Tematur xmovniani formebi ewarmoebaT iseT zmnebs,

romelTac awmyoSi Tematur xmovnad ----aaaa---- aqvT:

bos-aaaa “aiRo” – awmy. bos-aaaa----nananana “iRebs”, beq-aaaa “gatexa” – awmy. beq-aaaa----nananana

“texs”... (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 284-285).

sof. Tivis axalgazrdobis metyvelebaSi SesamCnevia am

bolokiduri ----aaaa formantis mokveca namyos formebSi:biS `Tqva~ (← biS-a),

bos `aiRo, iyida~ (← bos-a), vaC (I kl.), ÁaC (II kl.), baC (III kl.)

`moiyvana~ (← vaC-a, ÁaC-a, baC-a), baÁbix½ `daiwyo~ (← baÁbix½-a)...

erTmarcvlian formebSi bolokiduri ----aaaa, bunebrivia, daculia: Ta

`datova~, tva `wavida~, qva `SeWama~, s´va `movida~ da a. S.

7. 7. 7. 7. absolutiviabsolutiviabsolutiviabsolutivi. saliteraturo xunZurSi (CrdilourSi) namyos

absolutivi iwarmoeba ----uuuu----nnnn sufiqsiT. anwuxurSi garkveul zmnebs n

daboloeba ara aqvs absolutivSi. saTanado forma warmodgenilia oden

Tematuri xmovniT (-uuuu, ----oooo): yut-uuuu “gaWra-ra” (lit. yot-uuuu----nnnn), baq-u u u u

“daanTo-ra” (lit. baq-uuuu----nnnn), bex½-uuuu “dainaxa-ra” (lit. bix½-uuuu----nnnn)... t¾-o o o o

“misca-ra” (lit. t¾-uuuu----nnnn), x½-oooo “daiWira-ra” (lit. q´-uuuu----nnnn)...

meore mxriv, garkveul zmnebs namyos absolutivSi nnnn daboloeba

SeiZleba SenarCunebuli hqondeT: bos-uuuu----nnnn “aiRo-ra”, voÃ-uuuu----nnnn “adga-ra”,

bis-uuuu----nnnn “Tqva-ra”, h´-uuuu----nnnn “mokvda-ra”...

rogorc garkveulia (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 289), iseTi zmnebi

romlebsac namyoSi ----riririri daboloeba moudis, absolutivSi udaboloebo

iqneba (yut-uuuu “gaWra-ra” – yut-riririri “gaWra”, baq-uuuu “daanTo-ra” – baq-riririri

“daanTo”),xolo iseTi zmnebi, romelTac namyoSi daboloeba mokvecili

82

aqvT (da oden Tematuri xmovani erTvis) absolutivSi ----nnnn daboloebas

dairTaven (bos-uuuu----nnnn “aiRo-ra” – bos-aaaa “aiRo”, voÃ-uuuu----nnnn “adga-ra” – voÃ-aaaa

“adga”, bis-uuuu----nnnn “Tqva-ra” – bis-aaaa “Tqva”, h´-uuuu----nnnn “mokvda-ra” – h´v-aaaa

“mokvda”...).

8. 8. 8. 8. meSveli zmna. meSveli zmna. meSveli zmna. meSveli zmna. saliteraturo xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT,

anwuxurs axasiaTebs meSvel zmnaTa mravalferovneba. esenia:

v-ugu (I kl.), Á-ugu (II kl.), b-ugu (III kl.), r-ugu (mr. r.) àris~,

àrian~, magaliTebi Tivis metyvelebidan: dun amad vugu `me ahmadi

var~, dun muslinT Áugu `me muslimaTi var~, hab Cu bugu ès cxeni

aris~, niJ maÄarulal rugu `Cven xunZebi varT~. igive zmna gamoxatavs

qona-yolasac: dir vacá vugu `me Zma myavs~, dir Áacá Áugu `me da

myavs~, dir kudab roy bugu `me didi saxli maqvs~, dir Timal rugu `me

bavSvebi myavs~ da a. S.

zustad amave mniSvnelobiT TivSi ixmareba ‡e: dun amad ‡e `me

ahmadi var~, dun muslinT ‡e `me muslimaTi var~, hab Cu ‡e ès cxeni

aris~, sú ‡e he Äadam? `vin aris eg qali?~, dir Timal ‡e `me bavSvebi

myavs~... es ‡‡‡‡eeee gvevlineba migebiTi nawilakis rolSic mag., hab roy

duriS´? _ ‡e ès saxli Senia? _ ki (e. i. àris~). migebiT nawilakad

gamoyenebisas mas xSirad daerTvis -xxxx ´́́́aaaa (‡e-xá): dur royal‘úl xaly

Äemer rugis´? _ ‡exá, Äemer rugu `Sen ojaxis wevrebi bevri gyavs? _

diax, bevri myavs (àrian~).

b-ugu (àris~) zmnis kiTxviTnawilakiani forma cocxal

metyvelebaSi zogjer SeiZleba gvxvdebodes gugugugu (← -go) nawilakis

gareSec, mag., vac´ vuus´ dur? `Zma gyavs Sen?~, Áac´ Áuus´ dur? `da gyavs

Sen?~, Cu buus´ dur? `cxeni gyavs Sen?~, Äemer ÄagarTi ruus´ dur?

`bevri naTesavebi gyavs Sen?~... b-u-us´ ← *b-u-is´ ← b-u-g-is´ ← b-u-gu-is´

(-is´ kiTxviTi nawilakia), Sdr. lit. b-ug-iS´ (← *b-ugo-iS´) “aris?” amaT

83

paralelurad b-ugus´ (// b-u-g-is´) kiTxviTnawilakiani formebis

gamoyeneba, Tanac erTi da imave piris mier, Cveulebrivi movlenaa Tivis

metyvelebaSi.

saliteraturo xunZurSi gvaqvs uaryofiTi meSveli zmna heWo àr

aris~. anwuxurSi misi fardia Te‡u: baba Te‡u ruyi `deda ar aris Sin~,

dir vac´ Te‡u `me Zma ara myavs~ (3, gv. 187). am zmnisagan, -gugugugu nawilakis

darTviT, iwarmoeba Te‡ugu, romlis mniSvnelobaa `gareSe~, mag., Ra

Te‡ugu `mis gareSe, umisod~, Saq Te‡ugu èWvs gareSe, ueWvelad~, Cara

Te‡ugu àucileblad~, qef Te‡ugu vugu dun ùqeifod var me~.

saliteraturo enis gavleniT amJamad fexs ikidebs heWogoheWogoheWogoheWogo, ufro

zustad ki, anwuxur niadagze gadasxvaferebuli misi varianti heWuheWuheWuheWu----gugugugu,

ris Sedegadac miiReba TeWgu am ori variantis erTmaneTaan SerwymiT,

mag., niC TeWgu at¾ahe! `nu grcxvenia (zedmiw. `sircxvilis gareSe~),

icekve!..~ paralelurad SeiZleba iTqvas niC heWugu-c.

anwuxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve zmna b-ula. zogadi

mniSvneloba am zmnas igive aqvs, rac b-ugu-s – “aris”. saliteraturo

xunZurSi mas, rogorc Cans, Seesatyviseba TurmeobiTis forma b-ug-ila

“aris Turme”. Tu asea, maSin anwuxuris formas ----gugugugu elementi am

SemTxvevaSic mocilebuli unda hqondes (b-u-la ← *b-u-gu-ila). es zmna

gamoxatavs saqmis iseT viTarebas, rac mosaubrisaTvis manamde ucnobi

iyo da mxolod mocemul momentSi xdeba aSkara. ase, magaliTad, Tu

vinme ityvis nuh´ta gamaW bula “gzaze qva aris”, es niSnavs, rom man am

qvis Sesaxeb araferi icoda (rom scodnoda, maSin ityoda: gamaW bugu)

da axlaRa SeamCnia igi gzaze. aseve, vinmes kiTxvaze: ha sú? “es vin

aris?” Tanamosaubres SeuZlia miugos, vTqvaT, amgvarad: ha dir vac´

vula “es Cemi Zma aris”...sú ‡e he Äadam? – he dir kude Áac´ Áula “vin

aris es qali? – es Cemi ufrosi da aris”... hab síb? – hab dir

ÁacálÀúl tex½ bula “ra aris es? – es Cemi dis wigni aris”...am

SemTxvevebSic igulisxmeba, rom saubris momentamde SekiTxvis

84

avtorisaTvis saqmis viTareba cnobili ar iyo da amas sacnaurs xdis

TviTon mopasuxe b-ula zmnis gamoyenebiT.

saliteraturo xunZuris xolmeobiTis formebs vukuna (I kl.),

Áikuna (II kl.), bukuna (III kl.), rukuna (mr.) (àris xolme~, àrian

xolme~) anwuxurSi efardeba formebi vehina (I kl.), Áehina (II kl.), behina

(III kl.), rehina (mr.): vatan wunu vara Ci abal¶ Wagu vehina `samSoblos

damcveli mkvdari kaci saflavSi cocxali aris xolme~ (andaza)...

namyoSi am zmnis formebia vo‡a (I kl.), Áo‡a (II kl.), bo‡a (III kl.), ro‡a

(mr.).

aq CamoTvlilTagan saliteraturo xunZurs meSvel zmnad

moepoveba mxolod vugo, Áigo, bugo, rugo da maTganve awarmoebs

aRweriT formebs. igive zmna (b-ugu). anwuxurSi aRweriTi

warmoebisaTvis ucxoa.

9. 9. 9. 9. zmnur formaTa aRweriTi warmoeba. zmnur formaTa aRweriTi warmoeba. zmnur formaTa aRweriTi warmoeba. zmnur formaTa aRweriTi warmoeba. Taviseburebas avlenen awmyo-

konkretulis meSvelzmniani aRweriTi formebi: bet¾-baCana “xnavs”; wul

yut-baCana “ SeSas Wris”; bak Wva-baCana “logins Slis”; qaq ba-baCana

“loculobs”; yalihan wá-baCana “papiross wevs”; vuqer-vaCana “rbis”;

tor beJ-baCana “taros eweva”; babad Äaqa beW´-baCana “deda Zroxas

wvelis”; windakal Cur-raCana “windebs recxavs”, hánal rosun-raCana

“kvercxebs yidulobs”, Ced qon-baCana“ purs Wams”; tavoÃun-vaCana

“dgeba”; hált-vaCana “muSaobs”... (cercvaZe, 1948, 176-177).

damxmare zmnad gamoiyeneba b-aCana, romelSic Tavkiduri b b b b klasis

kategoriis niSania. magaliTad:

vac´ wál-vvvv-aCana, hált-vvvv----aCana (“Zma swavlobs, muSaobs”)...

Áac´…wál-ÁÁÁÁ-aCana “da swavlobs”

Cu beqer-bbbb----aCana “cxeni mirbis”

dal reqer-rrrr----aCana “isini mirbian”.

85

ZiriTad zmnas, romelsac darTuli aqvs meSveli zmna, warmoadgens

zmnis gauformebeli fuZe: bet¾-, yut-, Wva-, hált-, wál-, beqer-...

drois TvalsazrisiT amgvari aRweriTi formebi gamoxataven iseT

moqmedebas, romelic Tanadroulia saubris momentTan, saubris

momentSi mimdinareobs da upirispirdebian awmyo zogadis formebs:

háltina “muSaobs”, wálina “swavlobs”, e.i. maT anwuxurSi igive

mniSvneloba aqvT, rac saliteraturo xunZurSi b-ugo (“aris”)

meSvelzmnian formebs: háltulev vugo “muSaobs” (saubris momentSi);

Sdr. Awmyo zogadis forma háltula “muSaobs saerTod” (cercvaZe,

1948, 177).

b-aCana anwuxurSi damoukidebel mniSvnelobas moklebulia. amJamad

igi mxolod damxmare zmnis rolSi gvevlineba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom amave funqciiT gamoyenebulia sxva, agreTve

warmoSobiT damoukidebeli zmnebi: b-ohána, reka. magaliTebi:

hubu-bohána // hubu-reka _ orives igive mniSvneloba aqvs, rac baCana

meSvelzmnian formas: hubu-baCana “akeTebs”.

samive forma Tanabari mniSvnelobiT ixmareba:

qon-baCana // qon-bohána // qon-reka “Wams”, hált-vaCana // hált-vohána

// hált-reka “muSaobs”...

sxvaoba mxolod is aris, rom b-aCana, b-ohána damxmare zmnebi

gramatikul klas-niSnebs ganarCeven, xolo reka gramatikuli klasebis

mixedviT ucvlelia. reka zmnis warmomavloba ucnobia.

Ggarda amisa, uaryofiT formaTa warmoebisas reka damxmare zmna

dairTavs -eWu sufiqss:

háltvaCana-ru // háltvohńa-ru // háltrek-eWu “ar muSaobs”.

awmyo konkretulis mawarmoebel sxvadasxva meSvel zmnaTa

paraleluri arseboba sof. Tivis metyvelebaSi interferenciis

(sxvadasxva kilokavTa Serevis) Sedegi unda iyos. b-aCana meSveli zmna,

magaliTad, ufro xSirad gvxvdeba WadaqoloelTa metyvelebaSi, Tumca,

86

amisda miuxedavad, samive es forma zogjer SeiZleba movisminoT erTi

da imave individis metyvelebaSic.

saliteraturo xunZurSi analogiuri aRweriTi formebi iwarmoeba

bugo zmnis meSveobiT, mag., vac´ veqerulev vugo `Zma garbis~ (am

momentSi), Áac´ ÁeqeruluÁ Áigo `da garbis~, Cu beqeruleb bugo `cxeni

garbis~, CuÁal reqerulel rugo `cxenebi garbian~, dicá habuleb bugo

`me vakeTeb~ da a. S.

anwuxurSi aris agreTve meSveli zmna vona (I kl.), Áona (II kl.),

bona (III kl.), rona (mr.). rigi aRweriTi formebi anwuxurSi swored am

zmnis meSveobiT iwarmoeba. saliteraturo xunZurSi mas funqciurad

Seesatyviseba b-ugo (“aris”) zmna. magaliTebi:

subieqturi uRvlileba

I kl. vac´ voxún vona, Sdr. lit. vac´ voxún vugo

`Zma gaxarebuli aris~

II kl. Áac´ Áoxún Áona, Sdr. lit. Áac´ Áoxún Áigo

`da gaxarebuli aris~

III kl. ÃiJan boxún bona, Sdr. lit. l‘imer boxún bugo

`bavSvi gaxarebuli aris~

mr. niJ roxún rona, Sdr. lit. niJ roxún rugo

`Cven gaxarebulebi varT~

obieqturi uRlileba

I kl. dive yuraÄun-vona bix½inCi, Sdr. lit. diÁe yvariÄun vugo ros´

`me mWirdeba qmari~

II kl. diÁe yuraÄun-Áona rucáb, Sdr. lit. diÁe yvariÄun Áigo

l‘ádi

`me mWirdeba coli~

87

III dibe yuraÄun-bona Cu, Sdr. lit. diÁe yvariÄun bugo Cu

`me mWirdeba cxeni~

mr. dire yuraÄun-rona Cul, Sdr. lit. diÁe yvariÄun rugo CuÁal

`me mWirdeba cxenebi~

bonabonabonabona meSveli zmna damoukidebeli mniSvnelobiT ar

ixmareba.

moviyvanT meSvelzmnan aRweriT formaTa zog anwuxur magaliTs

saliteraturo formebTan SepirispirebiT.

bona zmnis meSveobiT iwarmoeba.

a)a)a)a) namyo sruli (perfeqti). magaliTebi Tivis metyvelebidan:

anwux. Ra ton-vona (I kl.), lit. dov un vugo

ìgi (kaci) wavida~

anwux. Re ton-Áona (II kl.), lit. doÁ un Áigo

ìgi (qali) wavida~

anwux. Rab ton-bona (III kl.), lit. dob un bugo

ìgi (raRaca) wavida~

anwux. Ral ton-rona (mr.), lit. dol un rugo

ìsini wavidnen~

anwux. Ra hált(u)-vona (I kl.), lit. dov háltun vugo

`man (kacma) imuSava~

anwux. Re hált(u)-Áona (II kl.), lit. doÁ háltun Áigo

`man (qalma) imuSava~

anwux. dil¶ tex½ wál(u)-bona, lit. dicá tex½ wálun bugo

`me wigni wavikiTxe~

anwux. dil¶ qaRaT Ãva-bona, lit. dicá qaRaT Ãvan bugo

`me werili davwere~

anwux. babad qvenjo hubu-bona, lit. ebelal‘´ qven habun bugo

`dedam saWmeli gaakeTa~

88

b)b)b)b) awmyo SedegobiTi:

anwux. dun ÄediÄun-vona (I kl.), lit. dun ÄedeÄun vugo

`me (kacs) meCqareba~

anwux. dun ÄediÄun-Áona (II kl.), lit. dun ÄedeÄun Ágo

`me (qals) meCqareba~

anwux. niJ ÄediÄun-rona (mr.), lit. niJ ÄedeÄun rugo

`Cven gveCqareba~

anwux. dibe bat¾un-bona, lit. diÁe bot¾un bugo

`me minda~

b-ona meSvelzmniani aRweriTi warmoebisas (resp. namyo srulisa da

awmyo SedegobiTis warmoebisas) ZiriTad zmnad anwuxurSi, Cveulebriv,

gamoiyeneba namyos absolutivis formebi, iseve rogorc saliteraturo

xunZurSi.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saliteraturo bukana-s (ìyo~) anwuxurSi

Seesatyviseba bo‡a aRweriTi awmyos formebze darTviT igi awarmoebs

namyo usruls:

anwux. dede húri hált-vohán vo‡a, lit. emen xuriv háltulev vukana

`mama yanaSi muSaobda~

anwux. baba ruyi hált-Áohán Áo‡a, lit. ebel royoÁ háltuleÁ Áikana

`deda saxlSi muSaobda~

anwux. Senyud wád ba-bohán bo‡a, lit. son wád baleb bukana

`guSin wvimda~

anwux. Timal rasan-rohán roca, lit. l‘imal rasandulel

rukana

`bavSvebi TamaSobdnen~

89

anwux. rusúlid Wul yut-bohán bo‡a, lit. rasúlicá wul yotuleb

bukana

`rasuli SeSas Wrida~

sxva movlenaTagan aRniSvnis Rirsia fonetikuri cvlilebebi

meSvel zmnebSi aRweriT formaTa warmoebisas, magaliTad:

S. miqailovs anwuxurSi SeniSnuli aqvs bimonabimonabimonabimona forma nacvlad binbinbinbin

bonabonabonabona-si (`Tqva~). misi TqmiT,; aq momxdaria progresul-;regresuli

asimilacia: mmmm ← bbbb pirveli sityvis (bin) bolokiduri nnnn-s gavleniT,

xolo Semdgom etapze mmmm-s Tavad daemsgavsebia winamavali nnnn (miqailovi,

1959, 65).

Tivis metyvelebaSic gvxvdeba analogiuri SemTxveva, mag., bat¾mon

ùnda~ ← bat¾un bonbonbonbon(aaaa). aqac mmmm ← bbbb procesi momxdari unda iyos nnnn-s

gavleniT.

sof. TivSi paralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT bat¾un bona,

bat¾bona formebic.

msgavsadve: wunmohán ìcavs~ ← wun bohán(a), bosmon àiRo, iyida~

← bosun bon(a).

am SemTxvevebSic mmmm ← bbbb winamavali nnnn-s gavleniT.

meSveli zmnis darTvam SeiZleba ZiriTad zmnaSi kveca gamoiwvios:

hubohán àkeTebs~ ← hubu bohán(a). kveca gamoiwvia ori identuri bbbb

Tanxmovnis uSualo mezoblobaSi moxvedram.

meSveli zmna zogjer kargavs I klasis vvvv niSans:

xonoTnon ← xonoTun von(a): dun xonoTnon `me (kaci) daviRale~.

tonon ← ton von(a): Ra tonon ìgi (kaci) wavida~.

vinon ← vihún von(a): dive Ra vihńon `me igi (kaci) mZuls~.

vat¾non ← vat¾un von(a): dive vat¾non Ra `me minda igi (kaci)~.

magram II klasis Á niSans meSveli zmna inarCunebs:

90

xonoTnÁon ← xonoTun Áon(a): dun xonoTnÁon `me (qali) daviRale~.

tonÁon ← ton Áon(a): Re tonÁon ìgi (qali) wavida~.

ÁihńÁon ← Áihún Áon(a): diÁe Re ÁihńÁon `me igi (qali) mZuls~.

Áat¾nÁon ← Áat¾un Áon(a): diÁe Áat¾nÁon Re `me minda igi (qali)~ ...

bobobobo‡‡‡‡aaaa (ìyo~) zmna sof. TivSi dasturdeba fonetikurad

gansxvavebuli variantebiT, Tanac erTi da imave piris metyvelebaSi,

magaliTad:

I kl. vo‡a //voyo

II kl. Áo‡a //Áo‡u

III kl. bo‡a //bo‡o // bo‡u

mr. ro‡a //ro‡u

cvlileba gamowveulia maxviliani oooo xmovnis mier: aaaa → oooo

progresuli asimilaciiT. Tavis mxriv, bolokiduri oooo-c ver Zlebs

sityvis auslautSi da uuuu xmovnad viwrovdeba, rac samxrul xunZuri

dialeqtebisaTvis niSandoblivi movlenaa.

10. 10. 10. 10. gvari. gvari. gvari. gvari. gardamavloba-gardauvalobis sakiTxs rom exeboda, g.

madieva saliteraturo xunZurSi gamoyofda e.w. gardauval-gardamaval

zmnaTa tips, mag., duniÁalal¶úl t¾er xisana “amindi Seicvala”, Sdr.

fatimaTicá retel xisana “fatimaTma tanisamosi gamoicvala”. Tumca

unda iTqvas, rom xunZur enaSi zmnaTa amdagvari gansakuTrebuli tipis

gamosayofad ar moipoveba rame damajerebeli safuZveli, ramdenadac

gardamavali zmna, roca mas realuri subieqtic uzis da realuri

obieqtic, ergatiul konstruqcias qmnis (fatimaTicá retel xisana

(“fatimaTma tanisamosi gamoicvala”), magram imave zmnas SeiZleba

ukavSirdebodes erTi saxeli saxelobiT brunvaSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi

zmna moqmedebiTi gvaris Sinaarss etoleba, meoreSi _ vnebiTisas, xolo

TviT zmna arc moqmedebiTia da arc vnebiTi; Sdr.:

91

vacás´ SiSa beqana “Zmam boTli gatexa” _ SiSa beqana “boTli

gatyda”;

doz Ced bit¾ula “isini purs iyofen” _iWgo labide bit¾ula “cxra

samze iyofa”;

insúcá wul yotana “mamam SeSa gaWra” _ wád xéqo yotana “wvima

Cqara Sewyda”...

amrigad, rogorc garkveulia, gardamavali zmna gvarebs ar

ganasxvavebs. arc gardauval zmnebSi SeimCneva sxvaoba gvaris mixedviT.

gvarTa ganusxvavebloba xunZuri zmnis erTi ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli

Tvisebaa.

gvarebis gaurCevloba gardamavloba-gardauvalobazec axdens

gavlenas: gardamavalsa da gardauval zmnebs Soris sxvaoba xunZurSi

gacilebiT ufro mcirea, vidre indoevropul enebSi an qarTulSi,

maSasadame gardamavali zmna xunZurSi ar qmnis stabilur

konstruqcias; xunZurSi ergatiuli konstruqcia principSi labiluria.

konstruqciis labiluroba asaxavs gardamavali da gardauvali zmnis

dapirispirebis sisustes (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 243-244).

erTob Taviseburi viTarebaa am mxriv anwuxur dialeqtSi.

saliteraturo xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, aq vxvdebiT moqmedebiTi da

vnebiTi gvarebis TvalsaCino dapirispirebas. vnebiTi, Cveulebriv,

iwarmoeba analitikurad, mag., dil¶ Cirax sa “me sanTeli Cavaqre”

vnebiTSi iqneba Cirax son-tva “sanTeli Caqra”, e.i. vnebiTis warmoebisas

zmnur formas daerTvis morfema tvatvatvatva, romelic aseve zmnuri

warmoSobisaa da misi etimologiuri mniSvnelobaa “wavida” (son-tva,

zedmiw. “Caqra-ra wavida”). aseve: dil¶ isTaqan beqa “me Wiqa gavtexe”

vnebiTSi iqneba isTaqan beq-tva “Wiqa gatyda”, deded wul yutri “mamam

SeSa daWra”, Sdr. vneb. wád yut-tva “wvima Sewyda” da sxva. vnebiTis

warmoebis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb anwuxur dialeqtSi aRniSnavda jer

kidev il. cercvaZe (cercvaZe, 1948, 180).

92

11. 11. 11. 11. kauzativi. kauzativi. kauzativi. kauzativi. kauzativis warmoeba anwuxur dialeqtSi martivia.

ZiriTadi zmnis infinitivis formas daerTvis meSveli zmna boRziboRziboRziboRzi,

romlis mniSvnelobaa “brZaneba”. saliteraturo xunZurSi amdagvar

zmnad gvevlineba habize (“keTeba”), romelic aseve ZiriTadi zmnis

infinitivis formas daerTvis. magaliTebi anwuxuri dialeqtidan:

yutzi boRzi “Wrevineba”, Sdr lit. yotizabize (← yotize habize);

baqzi boRzi “danTebineba”, Sdr. lit. baqizabize (← baqize habize);

Ãvazi boRzi “dawerineba”, Sdr. lit. Ãvazabize (←Ãvaze habize);

hubuzi boRzi “keTebineba”, Sdr. lit. habizabize (← habize habize)

da sxva.

dro-kiloTa mixedviT icvleba meSveli zmna (ZiriTadi zmna

ucvlelia):

deded wul yutina “mama SeSas Wris” _ kauzat. deded wul vaas´da

yutzi boRina “mama SeSas vaJiSvils aWrevinebs”, zedmiw. “Wras

ubrZanebs”;

babad wa baqri “dedam cecxli daanTo” _ kauzat. babad wa ÁaalÀ´da

baqzi boRri “dedam cecxli qaliSvils daanTebina”, zedmiw. “danTeba

ubrZana”;

vacas´ qaRaT Ãvana “Zma werils wers” _ kauzat. vacas´ dita qaRaT

Ãvazi boRina “Zma me werils mawerinebs”, zedmiw. “weras mibrZanebs”...

meSveli zmna boRziboRziboRziboRzi (“brZaneba”), romelic kauzativs awarmoebs,

klasniSniani zmnaa, amitom saTanado kauzatiuri zmna yovelTvis

asaxavs saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli realuri obieqtis gramatikul

klassa da ricxvs; Sdr.:

das´ TuSman Wva “man mteri mokla” _ kauzat. das´ das´da TuSman

Wvazi voRri “man mas mteri moakvlevina”...

saliteraturo xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, kauzatiuri formebi

gardauvali zmnisagan gardamavals ver awarmoeben.

93

12. 12. 12. 12. brZanebiTibrZanebiTibrZanebiTibrZanebiTi kilokilokilokilo. . . . saliteraturo xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT,

brZanebiTi kilos warmoeba anwuxurSi xasiaTdeba garkveuli

TaviseburebebiT.

brZanebiTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi ----eeee Crdilouri xunZurisa,

anwuxurSi warmodgenilia ----iiii formantiT:

lit. hab-e “gaakeTe!” hált-e “imuSave!” baq-e “daanTe!” t¾ab-e “sceme!”

daartyi!”...

anwux. hub-i “gaakeTe!” hált-i “imuSave!” baq-i “daanTe!” t¾ap-i “sceme!”

daartyi!”...

damaxasiaTebelia agreTve formanti ––––unununun, romelic sacsebiT ucxoa

Crdilouri xunZuris brZanebiTis formebisaTvis:

vo‡-un “iyavi!” bos-un “aiRe!” “iyide!” biCun “gayide!” biSun “Tqvi!”

veg-un “daweqi!”...

garkveulia, rom ----unununun formanti brZanebiTis niSnad daerTvis iseT

zmnebs, romelTac namyo ZiriTadSi ----aaaa formanti aqvT xolme: vo‡-a “iyo”,

bos-a “aiRo”, biCa “gayida”...xolo ----iiii iseT zmnebTan gvaqvs brZanebiTis

niSnad, romelTac namyoSi ----riririri daboloeba moudiT: hubu-ri “gaakeTa”,

hált-ri “imuSava”, baq-ri “daanTo”, t¾ap-ri “daartya”... (Ciqobava,

cercvaZe, 1962, 290).

anwuxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve I piris brZanebiTis

Taviseburi, analizuri formebi, im dros, roca saliteraturo

xunZurSi igi organulad iwarmoeba ----inininin sufiqsis infinitivis formebze

darTviT:

habiz-in “gavakeToT!” ( ← inf. habize), háltiz-in “vimuSaoT!” (←

inf. háltize), baqiz-in “davanToT!” ( ← inf. baqize), t¾abiz-in “vcemoT”

(← inf. t¾abize)...

anwuxuri aseT SemTxvevaSi iyenebs II piris brZanebiTis formas

b-ehzi (“mosvla”) zmnisa mravlobiTSi – rehi (rehi (rehi (rehi (“modiT!”) – masdaris an

infinitivis formebTan. magaliTebi sofel Tivis anwuxelTa

metyvelebidan:

94

rehi hubuÁ, zedmiw. “modiT gakeTeba” (= “gavakeToT!”, masd. hubuÁ

“keTeba”), rehi hálti, zedmiw. “modiT muSaoba” (= “vimuSaoT!”, masd.

hálti “muSaoba”), rehi baqi, zedmiw. “modiT danTeba” (= “davanToT!”,

masd. baqi “danTeba”), , rehi t¾apzi, zedmiw. “modiT cema” (= “vcemoT!”,

masd. t¾api “dartyma”, “cema”)...

I piris brZanebiTi SeiZleba iwarmoebodes infinitivis formebiTac.

aseT SemTxvevaSi zmnuri forma rehirehirehirehi (“modiT!”) infinitivs boloSi

daerTvis:

hubuzi-rehi “gavakeToT!” (inf. hubuzi), hálwi-rehi “vimuSaoT!” (inf.

hálwi ← háltzi), t¾apzi-rehi “vcemoT!” (inf. t¾apzi)...

rogorc cnobilia, anwuxurs moepoveba III piris brZanebiTic. igi

iwarmoeba II piris brZanebiTisagan ----bibibibi sufiqsis darTviT (cercvaZe,

1948, 181).

hubi-bi “gaakeTos!”, hálti-bi “imuSaos!” baqi-bi “daanTos!” t¾api-bi

“scemos!”, “daartyas!”...

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis aseTi formebi ucxoa. brZanebiTi iq

III pirs ar ganarCevs.

brZanebiTis uaryofiTi formebi (akrZalviTi) anwuxurSi iwarmoeba -

gigigigi formantiT. saliteraturo xunZurSi am formantis Sesatyvisia ----gegegege.

magaliTebi anwuxuridan:

hubu-gigigigi “ar gaakeTo!” háltu-gigigigi “ar imuSao!” qunu-gigigigi “ar Wamo!”

bosnu-gigigigi “ar aiRo!”vaÄnu-gigigigi “ar moxvide!”...

Sdr. lit. habu-gegegege “ar gaakeTo!” háltu-gegegege “ar imuSao!” qvana-gegegege “ar

Wamo!” bosun-gegegege “ar aiRo!”vaWun-gegegege “ar moxvide!”...

sof. Tivis TqmaSi akrZalviTis ----gigigigi (lit. -ge) sufiqsis

paralelurad gvxvdeba agreTve ----gugugugu: háltu-gigigigi // háltu-gugugugu “ar imuSao!”

bosnu-gigigigi // bosnu-gugugugu “ar aiRo!” vaÄnu-gi gi gi gi // vaÄnu-gugugugu “ar moxvide!”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom ----gugugugu-s xmareba akrZalviTis formebSi

axalgazrdebis metyvelebas ufro axasiaTebs. ufrosi Taobis

warmomadgenlebs igi swor Tqmad ar miaCniaT. sainteresoa isic, rom

95

anwuxuris zogierT sxva kilokav TqmaSi (bohnoduri, tomuruli)

swored ----gugugugu formantis Semcveli formebia dadasturebuli... ----gugugugu

damaxasiaTebelia agreTve andalalurisaTvis: t¾apu-gu “ar daartya!”

(miqailovi, 1959, 115, 255).

calke ganxilvas imsaxurebs brZanebiTis modalur formaTa

Taviseburebani anwuxur dialeqtSi.

saliteraturo xunZursa da mis sayrden xunZaxur dialeqtSi

moipoveba modaluri formanti ----Áa, Áa, Áa, Áa, romelic brZanebiTi kilos formebs

daerTvis xolme da erTgvar Serbilebul elfers gadmoscems

brZanebisa, mag., habe “gaakeTe!” – habe-Áa “aba, gaakeTe!” (сделай-ка!), vaWa

“modi!” – vaWa-Áa “aba, erTi modi!” bice “moyevi” – bice-Áa “aba, erTi

moyevi!” da sxva.

saintereso viTarebas warmogvidgens am mxriv sofel Tivis

anwuxuri metyveleba. ase, magaliTad, Tu saliteraturo xunZurSi

gvaqvs modaluri forma habe-Áa “aba, erTi gaakeTe”, mis Sesatyvisad

Tivis anwuxelTa TqmaSi gveqneba ori forma:

hubi-lolololo “aba, erTi gaakeTe (kaco)!”

hubi-ÁaÁaÁaÁa “aba, erTi gaakeTe (qalo)!”

Crdilour xunZurSi (saliteraturo xunZurSi) ganzogadebulad

xmarebuli -Áa (habe-Áa), rogorc vxedavT, anwuxurSi qalis markers

warmoadgens, xolo sufiqsi ----lolololo, savsebiT ucxo Crdilouri

xunZurisaTvis, mamakacs miemarTeba anwuxuri brZanebiTi kilos

modalur formebSi.

----lolololo, -ÁaÁaÁaÁa formantebi daubrkolebliv mierTvian brZanebiTi kilos

nebismier formebs rogorc gardamavali, ise gardauvali zmnebisa;

Tavisuflad ixmarebian brZanebiTis sawarmoebel uklebliv yvela

niSanTan, mag., hált-i i i i “imuSave!” – hálti-lolololo (mamak.), hálti-ÁaÁaÁaÁa (qali);

biS-unununun “Tqvi!” – biS-unununun----lo lo lo lo (mamak.), biS-unununun----Áa Áa Áa Áa (qali)...

gardauval zmnaTa klasniSnian formebSi:

vvvv-ehi (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ehi (II kl.) “modi!” – vvvv-ehi-lolololo (I kl.), ÁÁÁÁ-ehi-ÁaÁaÁaÁa (II kl.)...

96

gardamaval zmnaTa klasniSnian formebSi:

vvvv-ecí (I kl.) “Seaqe igi (mamakaci)!” – vvvv-ecí-lolololo “aba, Seaqe igi

(mamakaci) kaco!” vvvv-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa “aba, Seaqe igi (mamakaci) qalo!”

ÁÁÁÁ-ecí (II kl.) “Seaqe igi (qali)!” – ÁÁÁÁ-ecí-lolololo “aba, Seaqe igi (mamakaci)

kaco!” vvvv-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa “aba, Seaqe igi (mamakaci) qalo!” ÁÁÁÁ-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa “aba, Seaqe igi

(qali) qalo!”

bbbb-ecí (III kl.) “Seaqe igi (nivTi)!” – bbbb-ecí-lolololo “aba, Seaqe igi (nivTi)

kaco!” bbbb-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa “aba, Seaqe igi (nivTi) qalo!”

gardamaval zmnaTa klasniSnian formebSi yuradRebas iqcevs

realuri subieqtis Taviseburi markireba ----lolololo, ----Áa Áa Áa Áa sufiqsebis

meSveobiT. es viTareba anwuxurs gamoarCevs Crdilouri xunZurisagan,

romlisTvisac niSandoblivia oden realuri obieqtis gamoxatva

(klasniSnis vvvv----, ÁÁÁÁ----, bbbb- prefiqsebiT) gardamaval zmnebSi.

-lo,lo,lo,lo, ----ÁaÁaÁaÁa sufiqsebiT brZanebiTis modalur formebSi aRiniSneba

realuri subieqtis simravlec, magaliTad:

rrrr-ehi-lolololo, vasal “aba, modiT, biWebo!”

rrrr-ehi-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áasal “aba, modiT, gogoebo!”

vvvv-ecí-lolololo, vasal “aba, SeaqeT igi (kaci), biWebo!”

vvvv-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áasal “aba, SeaqeT igi (kaci), gogoebo!”

ÁÁÁÁ-ecí-lolololo, vasal “aba, SeaqeT igi (qali), biWebo!”

ÁÁÁÁ-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áasal “aba, SeaqeT igi (kaci), gogoebo!”

bbbb-ecí-lolololo, vasal “aba, SeaqeT igi (nivTi), biWebo!”

bbbb-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áasal “aba, SeaqeT igi (nivTi), gogoebo!”

97

rrrr-ecí-lolololo, vasal “aba, SeaqeT isini, biWebo!”

rrrr-ecí-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áasal “aba, SeaqeT isini, gogoebo!”

----lolololo formanti dasturdeba samxruli xunZuris sxva dialeqtebsa da

kilokav-TqmebSic (hiduri, andalaluris zogi Tqma, bawaduri,

Sulaniburi, untiburi...), oRond gansxvavebuli modaluri funqciiT:

zmnur formebze darTviT igi gafrTxilebas gadmoscems, mag., hid.

unTle-lo “Torem astkivdeba”: Äemer qvenago Cex½ unTlelo” bevri ar

Wamo, Torem muceli agtkivdeba!” Sulanib. WoÁ-lo “Torem moklaven”:

WoÁlo wodorhe “mogklaven, icode, frTxilad iyavi!” untib. rexí-lo

“Torem daecema”: Äodov rexílo, wodorhi habue “Zirs daecemi,

frTxilad iyavi!” (S. miqailovi)....

imave modalur niuanss (gafrTxileba) sof. TivSi mosaxle

anwuxelebi ase gadmoscemen:

vextvan-lolololo “Torem daecema”:

wodorcá vo‡un, vextvanlo mun ”frTxilad iyavi, daecemi Sen

(kaco)!” Sdr. Áextvan-ÁaÁaÁaÁa: ÁextvanÁa mun “frTxilad, daecemi Sen!” (qalo)...

unTin-lolololo “Torem avad gaxdeba”:

tonugi yutix, unTinlo mun “ar gaxvide gareT, Torem avad gaxdebi

(kaco)!” Sdr. unTin-ÁaÁaÁaÁa: Äemer háltugibi, unTinÁa Re “bevri ar imuSaos,

Torem avad gaxdeba igi (qali)!”

rogorc vxedavT, anwuxuri sufiqsi ----lolololo gafrTxilebis gamomxatvel

modalur formebSic mamakacs ganekuTvneba, xolo samxruli xunZuris

danarCen dialeqtebsa Tu kilokav-TqmebSi igive ----lolololo ganzogadebulad

Cans xmarebuli iseve, rogorc qalis kuTvnili anwuxuri modaluri

sufiqsi ----Áa Áa Áa Áa Crdilouri xunZuris brZanebiTis formebSi (habe-Áa).

mamakacisa da qalis formantTa amgvari Sepirispireba, formantTa

genderuli diferenciacia meoreuli movlena Cans. amas mowmobs ----lolololo,

98

----ÁaÁaÁaÁa formantTa ganzogadebulad xmarebis faqti xunZuri enis umetes

dialeqtebsa da kilokav-TqmebSi. anwuxurSi formantTa genderuli

funqciiT aRWurva, rogorc Cans, unda yofiliyo ----lolololo, ----ÁaÁaÁaÁa formantTa

mimsgavseba xunZurSi farTod gavrcelebul mimarTvis formebTan lelelele,

ÁoÁoÁoÁo.

le le le le mamakacisadmi mimarTvis formaa, mag., le vas “ei, biWo!”

magaliTebi Tivis metyvelebidan: le, vas ul¶i ruyix “ei, biWo, wadi

Sin!” le, kutilo hve yutix “ei (kaco), gaagde ZaRli gareT!”...

qalis mimarT gamoiyeneba ÁoÁoÁoÁo. magaliTebi Tivis metyvelebidan: Áo,

Áas, Áehi lÀ´ax “ei, gogo modi aq!” ta ÁoÃun, Áo, qvenjo hubi!” “adeqi, ei

(qalo), saWmeli gaakeTe!”...

bunebrivia, rom saukeTeso pirobebi modalur ----lolololo, ----ÁaÁaÁaÁa formantTa

genderuli niSniT diferencirebisaTvis swored brZanebiTi kilos

formebSi aRmoCeniliyo, ramdenadac le, Áo mimarTvis formebi

gansakuTrebiT xSirad brZanebiTis formebTan ixmarebian xolme. igive

SeiZleba iTqvas gafrTxilebis modalur formaTa Sesaxebac.

vehi-lolololo, lelelele “aba, modi, ei (kaco)!” unTin-lolololo, lelelele “avad gaxdebi, ei

(kaco)!”... ----lolololo modaluri sufiqsi, safiqrebelia, anwuxurSic

ganzogadebulad ixmareboda samxruli xunZuris danarCen dialeqtTa

msgavsad. mamakacisadmi misi gankuTvneba, Cans, gamowveulia lelelele

mimarTvis formasTan uSualo mezoblobaSi xSiri xmarebiT. aseT

interpretacias, Tavis mxriv, didad uwyobda xels fonetikuri

msgavsebac – llll fonemis saerTooba orsave morfemaSi.

Áehi-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, ÁoÁoÁoÁo “aba, modi, ei (qalo)!” unTin-ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áo Áo Áo Áo “avad gaxdebi, ei,

(qalo)!”... -ÁaÁaÁaÁa modaluri sufiqsic ganzogadebulad gamoiyeneba

Crdilour xunZurSi. am SemTxvevaSic Crdilouris viTareba Cans

amosavali: -ÁaÁaÁaÁa----s dakonkreteba anwuxurSi mamakacis ----lolololo-s analogiiT,

masTan dapirispirebiT unda momxdariyo. amisaTvis xelsayrel

garemoebas qmnida ----ÁaÁaÁaÁa sufiqsis fonetikuri iersaxec, misi msgavseba

qalis klasis ÁÁÁÁ niSanTan.

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13. 13. 13. 13. pirobiTi kilo. pirobiTi kilo. pirobiTi kilo. pirobiTi kilo. pirobiTi anwuxurSi iwarmoeba namyo

ZiriTadisagan, iseve rogorc saliteraturo xunZurSi. gansxvaveba is

aris mxolod, rom pirobiTis mawarmoebeli saliteraturo -ni sufiqsis

nacvlad anwuxurSi ixmareba Taviseburi formanti -lÀí. magaliTebi:

anw. hubu-ri-lÀí “Tu gaakeTa”, yut-ri-lÀí “Tu gaWra”, hált-ri-lÀí

“Tu imuSava”, bos-a-lÀí “Tu aiRo”, wál-ri-lÀí “Tu waikiTxa”, Ãvari-

lÀí “Tu dawera”, qva-lÀí “Tu SeWama”, tva-lÀí “Tu wavida”...

lit. habu-(na)-ni “Tu gaakeTa”, yot-a-(na)-ni “Tu gaWra”, hált-a-(na)-ni

“Tu imuSava”, wál-a-(na)-ni “Tu waikiTxa”, Ãva-(na)-ni “Tu dawera”, qv-a-

(na)-ni “Tu SeWama”, a-(na)-ni “Tu wavida”...

sxva mxriv arsebiTi xasiaTis rame sxvaoba Crdilour xunZursa da

anwuxurs Soris pirobiTi kilos warmoebisas ar gvaqvs.

14. 14. 14. 14. zmnis uaryofiTi formebi.zmnis uaryofiTi formebi.zmnis uaryofiTi formebi.zmnis uaryofiTi formebi. uaryofiT formaTa warmoebisas

anwuxurSi gamoiyeneba sufiqsebi ----rurururu, ----eeee----WuWuWuWu. saliteraturo xunZurSi

maTi Sesatyvisia ----rorororo, ----WoWoWoWo formantebi.

----rurururu sufiqsi gamoiyeneba awmyos (agreTve myofadis) uaryofiT

formaTa warmoebisas: hubu-na “akeTebs” – hubu-na-rurururu “ar akeTebs” (lit.

habu-la-rorororo), yuti-na “Wris” – yutina-rurururu “ar Wris” (lit. yotu-la-rorororo),

becí-na “aqebs” – becí-na-rurururu “ar aqebs” (lit. becú-la-rorororo), qva-na “Wams”

– qva-na-rurururu “ar Wams” (lit. qvana-la-ro)ro)ro)ro), Ta-na “icis” – Tana-rurururu “ar

icis” (lit. lÀa-la-rorororo), t¾u-na “aZlevs” – t¾u-na-rurururu “ar aZlevs” (lit.

t¾o-la-rorororo)...

namyos uaryofiTi formebi iwarmoeba ----eeee----WuWuWuWu (lit. ----WoWoWoWo) sufiqsiT.

warmoebisas amosavalia masdaris forma, iseve rogorc saliteraturo

xunZurSi:

hubu-ri “gaakeTa”, masd. hubu-Á “keTeba” – hub-eeee----WuWuWuWu “ar gaakeTa”

(lit. habi-WoWoWoWo), yut-ri “gaWra”, masd. yut-i “Wra” – yut-eeee----WuWuWuWu “ar gaWra”

(lit. yoti-WoWoWoWo), qva “SeWama”, masd. qvaÁ “Wama” – qva-WuWuWuWu “ar SeWama” (lit.

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qvin-Wo)Wo)Wo)Wo), Ta-ri “gaigo”, masd. TaÁ “gageba”, “codna” – Ta-WuWuWuWu “ver gaigo”,

“ver mixvda” (lit. lÀa-WoWoWoWo), t¾u-ri “misca”, masd. t¾eÁ – t¾-e-WuWuWuWu “ar

misca” (lit. t¾e-WoWoWoWo).

sxvaoba ZiriTadad fonetikuri xasiaTisaa. Crdilouri xunZuris

uaryofiT formantebSi warmodgenili oooo xmovani anwuxuris Sesabamis

formantebSi uuuu xmovnad viwrovdeba.

15. 15. 15. 15. masdari. masdari. masdari. masdari. saliteraturo xunZurSi masdaris forma infinitivis

Sesabamisia.

----zezezeze daboloebis mqone infinitivisgan rom masdari miviRoT, es

daboloeba mas mTlianad unda CamovaSoroT da Tu fuZesTan iiii an eeee

Tematuri xmovnebi aRmoCnda, masdaris niSnebic es iqneba, xolo Tu

aseTi xmovnebi ar aRmoCnda (roca fuZe boloxmovniania), maSin

masdaris niSnad fuZes daerTvis ----ÁÁÁÁ.

----nenenene daboloebis mqone infinitivisgan rom masdari miviRoT, saWiroa

infinitivis formas Camoscildes ara es daboloeba mTlianad, aramed

misi bolokiduri xmovani nnnn da aseT SemTxvevaSi masdaris niSnebad

dagvrCeba: ----iiii----nnnn, ----enenenen (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962, 296-297):

yot-i-ze “Wra” – masd. yot-i, baq-i-ze “danTeba” – masd. baq-i, bos-i-ze

“aReba” – masd. bos-i, h´alt-i-ze “muSaoba” – masd. h´alt-i...

hey-e-ze “daleva” – masd. hey-e(Á), t¾-e-ze “micema” – masd. t¾-e-(Á), q´v-e-

ze “daWera” – masd. q´v-e-(Á)...

baW-i-ne M”mosvla” – masd. baW-i-n, ret-i-ne “Cacma” – masd. ret-i-n,

bus´-i-ne “dabruneba” – masd. bus´-i-n...

koC-e-ne “daviwyeba” – masd. koC-e-n...

qvana-ze “Wama” – masd. qvana-Á, kalÀa-ze “laparaki”– masd. kalÀa-Á,

lÀa-ze “codna” – masd. lÀa-Á, Wva-ze “mokvla” – masd. Wva-Á...

anwuxuris infinitivis formebSi Tematuri niSnebi ar Cans xolme:

yut-zi “Wra” (Sdr. lit. yot-i-ze), baq-zi “danTeba” (Sdr. lit. baq-i-ze),

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hált-zi “muSaoba” (Sdr. lit. hált-i-ze)... magram masdaris formebSi es

xmovnebi daculia: yut-i “Wra”, baq-i “danTeba”, hált-i “muSaoba”...

xmovniT daboloebul fuZeebs masdaris warmoebisas erTviT ----ÁÁÁÁ: hubu-

Á “keTeba” (← inf. hubu-zi), quna-Á “Wama” (masd. ← quna-zi), Ta-Á “codna”

(inf. Tazi), Wva-Á “mokvla” (← inf. Wva-zi)...

aRsaniSnavia, rom anwuxurisaTvis (da sxva samxruli

dialeqtebisaTvis) damaxasiaTebeli monofTongizaciis procesi,

rogoricaa aÁaÁaÁaÁ → eeee (mag., RaÁ → Re “igi”), romelic niSandoblivia

saxelebSi, masdaris formebze ar vrceldeba; aq aÁ difTongi ucvleli

rCeba xolme.

saerTod rom iTqvas, masdaris gamoyeneba anwuxurSi ar Cans iseTi

produqtiuli, rogorc saliteraturo xunZurSi. sofel Tivis

metyvelebaSi, magaliTad, mis nacvlad ufro SesamCnevia infinitivis

formaTa xmareba. masdarul konstruqciaTa nacvlad aqauri metyvelni

xSirad upiratesobas aniWeben konkretuli Sinaarsis mqone zmnuri

formebiT winadadebaTa agebas, nacvlad ganyenebuli masdaruli

cnebebis gamoyenebisa. ase, magaliTad, saliteraturo xunZuris

masdaruli konstruqciis Semcveli winadadebebi rom SevudaroT imave

Sinaarsis mqone anwuxur winadadebebs, SevamCnevT, rom anwuxurSi isini

sul sxvagvarad, Taviseburad arian agebuli, igrZnoba meti

konkretuloba. magaliTebi:

lit. ducá tex½ wáli bugo lÀíkab iS.

am winadadebis Sinaarsi aseTia: “Zalian kargia, rom Sen wigni

waikiTxe”. sityasityviT ki igi agebulia amgvarad: “Sens mier wignis

wakiTxva (masd. wáli “kiTxva”) aris kargi saqme”.

anwuxuri: dul¶ tex½ wálu lÀíka Jo hububohána, zedmiw. “Sen wigni

waikiTxe-ra kargi ram qeni”.

anwuxurSi ganyenebuli mniSvnelobis mqone masdaris (wáli “kiTxva”)

nacvlad gamoyenebul iqna savsebiT konkretuli mniSvnelobis mqone

forma namyos absolutivisa wálu (“waikiTxe-ra”).

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lit. rasúlicá qaRaT ÃvaÁ qinazdago lÀana, zedmiw. ‘rasulis mier

werilis dawera (masd. ÃvaÁ “wera”) yvelam gaigo”.

anwux. rusúlid qaRaT Ãvari qinuzdugu Ta bona, zedmiw. “rasulma

werili dawera (namy. Zir. Ãvari “dawera”) yvelam gaigo”.

lit. biSúngo qveS bugo hev heyoldi, zedmiw. “metad cudi aris misi

sma (masd. heyoldi “sma”, “loToba”)”.

anwux. bisúgu gveS bugu Ra Äemer yolo, zedmiw. “metad cudi aris

man bevri dalia-ra (namy. abs. yolo “dalia-ra”).”

lit. Äus unTiÁalÀ´ hes´da qinabgo Jo koCana, zedmiw. “kbilis

tkivilma (masd. unTi, erg. unTi-Á-alÀ´) mas yvelaferi daaviwya”.

anwux. sibi unTu Ras´da qinugu Jo koCon tva, zedmiw. “kbili

astkivda-ra (namy. absol. unTu “astkivda-ra”) mas yvelaferi daaviwyda”

da sxva.

16. 16. 16. 16. mimReoba. mimReoba. mimReoba. mimReoba. anwuxurSi mimReoba iwarmoeba imave formantebiT, rac

gvaqvs awmyo zogadisa da namyo ZiriTadis formebsi; es formantebia -nnnn-,

-rrrr- mimReobas, rogorc wesi bolokidurSi erTvis xolme klasis (da

ricxvis) niSani zedsarTav saxelTa msgavsad.

awmyos mimReoba: hubu-nnnn-ab “mkeTebeli” (lit. habu-l-eb), hálti-nnnn-ab

“momuSave” (lit. háltu-l-eb), wáli-nnnn-ab “mkiTxveli” (lit. wálu-l-eb),

yuti-nnnn-ab “mWreli” (lit. yotu-leb), reta-nnnn-ab “Casacmeli” (lit. retu-

l-eb)...

Sdr. awmyo zogadi: hálti-na “muSaobs” (lit. háltu-la), wáli-na

“kiTxulobs” (lit. lit. wálu-la), yuti-na “Wris” (lit. yotu-la),

reti-na “icvams” (lit. retu-la)...

igive formebi savsebiT emTxveva myofadis mimReobas. maT Soris

sxvaoba ar gvaqvs.

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namyos mimReoba: hubu-rrrr-ab “gakeTebuli” (lit. habu-r-ab), hált-rrrr-ab

“namuSevari” (lit. hálta-r-ab), wál-rrrr-ab “wakiTxuli” (lit. wála-r-ab),

yut-rrrr-ab “gaWrili” (lit. yota-r-ab), ret-rrrr-ab “Cacmuli” (lit. reta-r-

ab)...

Sdr. namyo ZiriTadi: hubu-ri “gaakeTa” (lit. habu-na”, hált-ri

“imuSava” (lit. hálta-na), wál-ri “waikiTxa” (lit. wála-na), yut-ri

“gaWra” (lit. yota-na), ret-a “Caicva” (lit. reta-na)...

mimReobas moepoveba uaryofiTi formebic. awmyos mimReobisaTvis

uaryofiTobis mawarmoeblad ixmareba ----rrrr-, xolo namyos mimReobisaTvis

-WWWW-:

awmyos mimReoba: hubu-na-rrrr-ab, zedmiw. “ar mkeTebeli” (an “ar

gasakeTebeli”), hálti-na-rrrr-ab “ar momuSave” (an “ar dasamuSavebeli”),

wáli-na-rrrr-ab “ar wamkiTxveli” (an “ar wasakiTxi”), yuti-na-rrrr-ab “ar

gamWreli”, reti-na-rrrr----ab “ar Casacmeli”...

namyos mimReoba: hubi-WWWW----eb “gaukeTebeli”, hálti-WWWW-eb “ar

damuSavebuli”, “umuSevari”; wáli-WWWW-eb “waukiTxavi”, yuti-WWWW-eb

“gauWreli”, reti-WWWW-eb “Caucmeli”...

mimReoba ibrunvis iseve, rogorc zedsarTavi saxeli. arsebiTi

xasiaTis rame sxvaoba saliteraturo xunZuris mimReobasTan

SedarebiT, garda aRniSnuli Taviseburebebisa, ar SeiniSneba.

104

udetrebiudetrebiudetrebiudetrebi

1. 1. 1. 1. zmnisarTizmnisarTizmnisarTizmnisarTi.... anwuxur dialeqts moepoveba zmnisarTis

mawarmoebeli Taviseburi formanti ----sásásásá, romelsac saliteraturo

xunZurSi ----gogogogo efardeba: anwux. xéx´-sá “swrafad’’, lit. xéx´-go, anwux.

lÀík-sá, lit. lÀík-go. egeve ----sá sá sá sá unda gvqondes adgilis zmnisarTSi ce-

ssssáááá----x “win”. sof. Tivis TqmaSi es zmnisarTi damaxasiaTebelia xandazmul

WadaqoloelTa metyvelebisaTvis. igive zmnisarTi ufro xSirad

ixmareba xolme toxuri warmoTqmiT: c´ve-x. . . . gavrcelebulia agreTve misi

fonetikuri varianti céx....

xSirad gamoiyeneba lÀík- (‘’kargi’’) fuZisagan miRebuli viTarebiTi

zmnisarTis forma, romelic dairTavs I seriis lokatiuri brunvis ----tatatata

formants: lÀík-alÀ´-ta ‘‘kargad‘‘.

saliteraturo ----gigigigi zmnisarTuli formantis nacvlad anwuxurSi

gvxvdeba ----gugugugu: lit. axir-gi “sabolood”, “bolos’’; Sdr. anwux. axir-gu.

zog zmnisarTebs anwuxurSi saliteraturo xunZurisagan sruliad

gansxvavebuli fuZeebi aqvT: „untu “axlos’’, Sdr. lit. askob; llllÀáÀáÀáÀá “aq”;

Sdr. lit. hani-b.

saliteraturo xunZuris drois zmnisarTs JaJaJaJayayayaya (`dRes~) anwuxur

dialeqtSi (toxursa da Wadaqolour kilokavebSi ) Seesatyviseba eyadeyadeyadeyad.

kaxeTSi mosaxle anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi es zmnisarTi gamoavlina

il.cercvaZem gasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebSi (cercvaZe, 1948). sof. TivSi

igi amJamadac ixmareba: eyad l‘íkab yo bugu `dRes kargi dRe

aris~...amis garda iTqmis eyada da agreTve eya: eyada saÄaT so tubara

mex´´ `dRes pirvel saaTze~, eya bazar yo bugu `dRes kvira dRe aris~...

zmnisarTSi gamosayofia bolokiduri elementi -da da da da (////////-dddd), romelic

warmomavlobiT I seriis lokativis formanti unda iyos: eya-da//eya-d

`dRisiT~; Sdr. yad `dRisiT~, yo `dRe~. il.cercvaZis azriT, Tavkiduri

eeee- miTiTebiTi nacvalsaxeli unda iyos: e e e e _ès~, e-yad àm dRes~. salite-

105

raturo xunZurSi jerjerobiT gaurkvevelia JaJaJaJa- elementis raoba: Ja-ya.

tox. sunyud, Wad. Sunyud `guSin~: sunyud t¾erx½un bo‡a `guSin av-

dari iyo~, dil΄¶ Sunyud tex½½½ w´alri `me guSin wigni wavikiTxe~. uf-

ro adre igive sityva il. cercvaZem daadastura gansxvavebuli saxiT:

sunyad (tox.), Sunyad (Wad.). es zmnisarTi rTuli agebulebisa Cans da

unda daiSalos ase: sun-yad. elementi sun- (Wad.Sun-) Sesatyvisia sali-

teraturo xunZuris zmnisarTisa son `guSin~, xolo yad komponentis

mniSvnelobaa `dRisiT~. winamaval uuuu xmovans sityvaSi mouxdenia aaaa----s asi-

milacia: sun-yud ← sun-yad.

saliteraturo xunZuris radal (`diliT~) zmnisarTis nacvlad an-

wuxurSi (sof.Tivis TqmaSi) ixmareba rohotu : raJbudin rohotu s´vala

`raJbudini diliT movida~. paralelurad sof. Tivis mkvidrTa metyve-

lebaSi ismis rohuta-c (il. cercvaZis Canaweris mixedviT aris rohota):

dil¶ rohuta Ced qva `me diliT puri vWame~.

lit. rel‘eda-s (`saRamos~) anwuxurSi efardeba baybordu: meTer

baybordu ruyi vehinc´´ mun? `xval saRamos Sin iqnebi Sen?~

rohotu, baybordu zmnisarTebSi unda gamoiyos gaqvavebuli da fo-

netikurad saxecvlili lokativis formantebi -tatatata, -dadadada : roho-tu <

roh-o-ta (Sdr. roh-el `ganTiadi~), baybordu < bay-bor-da (Sdr. bay

`mze~). amis safuZvels gvaZlevs rohuta sityvis realurad arseboba co-

cxal metyvelebaSi da, garda amisa, sayuradReboa, rom sof. Tivis Tqma-

Si fonetikurad amgvaradve cvlili lokativiani formebi sxvac gvxvde-

ba, mag., Co-tu `cxenze~, muÄruz-tu `mTebSi~ (zedmiw. `mTebze~)... lokati-

vis -ta ta ta ta formantSi xmovnis cvla SeiZleba mieweros mezobel bagismier

xmovanTa gavlenas. aq aRsaniSnavia Tivis metyvelebaSi SemCneuli erTi

movlenac: bagismier xmovanTa mezoblobaSi moqceuli -tatatata l…okativi am-

nair fonetikur saxecvlilebas (-ta → -tu) yovelTvis ar ganicdis,

magram ramdenadme labialuri JReradobiT mainc SeiZleba warmoTqvam-

des mas individi, mag., nuh´-t…a `gzaze~, muR-t…a `zurgze~ da sxva.

zogierT adgilis zmnisarTSi Semonaxulia II seriis lokatiuri

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brunvis niSani ----ƒ, ƒ, ƒ, ƒ, romelic anwuxuris lokatiur brunebas ukve aRar

axasiaTebs; aseTi zmnisarTebia: ma„aru-ƒ “mTaSi”, „oru-ƒ “mdinaresTan”,

s´veru-Ã “irgvliv”, x½olbo-Ãƒ “gverdiT’’.

igive brunvis niSani unda iyos gaqvavebuli saxiT warmodgenili

zmnisarTSi cadaƒ “erTad”,,,, tox. sadaƒ, Wad. Sadaƒ; Sdr. ricxviTi

saxeli co “erTi” (c-ad-a-ƒ). swored es ----adadadad---- morfemaa sagulvebeli

zmnisarTSic y-ad “dRisiT”, Sdr. yo “dRe”.

se‡ed “zeg” (lit. seze): meTer guru, se‡ed “xval ara, zeg”.

lit. isana (“wleuls”) zmnisarTis nacvlad sof. Tivis

metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba ehin: fatu s´vala ehin t¾in “male movida wels

zamTari”.

adgilis zmnisarTebi: rikánd “Sors”, Sdr. lit. rikáda; bat¾unlØ

“SuaSi”, Sdr. lit. bat¾ulØ. lokativis ----dadadada, ----llllØØØØ formantebis win

ganviTarebulia n n n n Tanxmovani.

yuradRebas iqcevs fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis amovardna adgilis

zmnisarTSi xadax `qveviT~ (lit. exébe)))).sof Tivis metvelebaSi mis pa-

ralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT xáax.

adgilis zmnisarTi àq ~ anwuxurSi, rogorc cnobilia, cvalebadia

klasebisa da ricxvis mixedviT, mag, I kl. l‘´-a (lit. hani-v): vac´´ l‘á

vugu `Zma aq aris~, II kl. l‘´-e (lit. hani-Á): Áac´´ l‘é Áugu `daÁ aq

aris~, III kl. l‘´-ab (lit. hani-b): Cu l‘áb bugu `cxeni aq aris~, mr.r.

l‘á-r (lit. hani-r): vacál, Áacál, Cul l‘ár rugu `Zmebi, debi, cxene-

bi aq arian~... klasisa da ricxvis niSnebis gamoyeneba am zmnisarTSi am-

Jamad fakultatiuri Cans: zogjer isini SeiZleba arc gvxvdebodnen

zmnisarTTan. magaliTebi sof. Tivis metyvelebidan: l‘á sí dul΄¶ hu-

bubohán? àq ras akeTeb Sen?~ (mosalodneli iyo l‘áb), niJ qinulgu

ro‡u l‘á~ Cven yvelani viyaviT aq~ (mosalodneli iyo l‘ár)... igive

zmnisarTi Tivis metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba - yayayaya formantiTac: l‘á-ya, mag.,

107

ro‡un muJ l‘áya! ìyaviT Tqven aq!~...

saliteraturo xunZurSi -yayayaya ar moipoveba da mis Sesaxeb arc sxva

dialeqtebidanaa rame cnobili. yovel SemTxvevaSi, samecniero litera-

turaSi igi fiqsirebuli ar aris.

es -yayayaya formanti gvxvdeba agreTve zmnisarTSi qi-ya `sad~; Sdr. kla-

sisa da ricxvis niSniani sityvebi anwuxurSive: I kl. qi, IIkl. qi-Á, III

kl. qi-b, mr. r. qi-r `sad~. -ya warmodgenilia am zmnisarTis daSorebi-

Tis (elativis) formaSic: qi-ya-sá `saidan~ (Sdr. lit. qi-sá): qiyasá

dul΄¶ Tufank boSmal‘´´, dabax Te! `saidanac Sen Tofi aiRe, iq dade!~...

ra warmomavlobis elementia es -ya dasadgenia.

Tivis metyvelebaSi yuradRebas iqceven rTuli Sedgenilobis Tavi-

seburi zmnisarTuli formebi, romlebic iwarmoebian I piris nacvalsa-

xelisagan niJ niJ niJ niJ `Cven~. am nacvalsaxelis naTesaobiTis niJer formas da-

erTvis xolme klasisa da ricxvis mixedviT cvalebadi morfologiuri

elementebi: I klasisa dvax, II klasisa dex an misi varianti dÁax, mr.

ricxvisa darax anda SekumSuli drax da miiReba aseTi saxis formebi:

niJer-dvax (I kl.), niJer-dex an niJer-dÁax (II kl.), niJe-drax < niJer-da-

rax (mr. r.). magaliTebi: vehi niJerdvax! ~ modi [kaco] CvenTan!~, UÁehi ni-

Jerdex (//niJerdÁax)! ~ modi [qalo] CvenTan!~, rehi muJ niJedrax! ~ modiT

Tqven CvenTan!~... am formebSi gamoiyofa sufiqsi -xxxx, romelic anwuxurSi

mimarTulebis gamomxatvelia, mag., vac´´ ruyi-x tonvoana `Zma Sin mi-

dis~, Sdr. vac´´ ruyi vugu `Zma Sin aris~... - dva- , - de-, - dara- ele-

mentTa warmomavloba ucnobia; Sdr. mainc adgilis zmnisarTebi: dva,

dva-x (I kl.), de, de-x (II kl.), dara, dara-x (mr. r.) ìq~, ìqiT~.

mimarTulebis afiqsi - x warmodgenilia zmnisarTebSi yuti-x `ga-

reT~, Jan-x `SigniT~, c´ve-x `win~, qi-x-gu `yvelgan~, xáda-x `qveviT~...

sof. Tivis TqmaSi am - xxxx afiqss SeemCneva gaqvavebis tendencia (ufro

axalgazrdebis metyvelebaSi); mag., ul΄a yutix! `gadi gareT!~ aq -x x x x Ta-

vis daniSnulebas asrulebs, magram Sdr. yutix wád baboána `gareT

wvims~... am SemTxvevaSi igi ukve ufunqciod gamoiyureba; aseTive viTare-

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ba emCneva Janx zmnisarTsac, mag., l΄uhun Janx! `Sedi SigniT!~, magram

Sdr. Ra Janx vu‡usgu Te‡esgi? ìgi SigniT aris Tu ara?~ da sxva.

2. 2. 2. 2. kavSirikavSirikavSirikavSiri.... kavSirebiT xunZuri ena arc ise mdidaria. anwuxur

dialeqtSi, iseve rogorc saliteraturo xunZurSi ZiriTadad

gamoiyofa Semdegi kavSirebi:

maerTebeli kavSirebi – vavavava, ----gigigigi “da”:

Äali vavavava Äumar rox½ox tva “ali da umari tyeSi wavidnen”, vac´-gigigigi

Áac´-gigigigi ruyix tva “Zma da da tyeSi wavidnen”...

macalkevebeli kavSirebi – ÁaÁaÁaÁa, Áani Áani Áani Áani (lit. ÁalÀúni) “an”:

ÁaÁaÁaÁa dun tvana Tuqadax, ÁaÁaÁaÁa mun ul¶a “an me waval maRaziaSi, an Sen

wadi”; vasiS´ huvuri, ÁaniÁaniÁaniÁani ÁasiS´? “biWi daibada Tu gogo?”...

mapirispirebeli – ammaammaammaamma “magram”:

niJ Äemer háltri, ammaammaammaamma xonoTneWu “Cven bevri vimuSaveT, magram ar

davRlilvarT”...

maqvemdebarebeli – haRalhaRalhaRalhaRalÀÀÀÀ´, hamin hamin hamin hamin “amitom” (lit. hedinlÀídal):

dun unTri haRalÀ´ hálwi tveneWu “me avad gavxdi, amitom samuSaod

ar wavedi”...

3. 3. 3. 3. nawilakinawilakinawilakinawilaki. metyvelebis es nawili anwuxur dialeqtSi garkveuli

TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva saliteraturo xunZurisagan. davasaxelebT

zogierT Taviseburebas:

Tanaobis aRmniSvnel ----gungungungun nawilaks anwuxurSi Seesatyviseba

rTuli agebulebis morfema ----JibgiJibgiJibgiJibgi. igi miRebulia ukuqceviTi

nacvalsaxelisagan JibJibJibJib, romelsac mirTuli aqvs nawilaki ----gigigigi

(gamoxatavs “agreTve”-s). magaliTebi: lit. Cu-gungungungun Ci “kaci cxeniTurT”,

Sdr. anwux. Cugi-JibgiJibgiJibgiJibgi Ci; lit. beCe-gun gun gun gun „aqa “Zroxa xboTurT”, Sdr.

anwux. beh´Segi-JibgiJibgiJibgiJibgi „aqa; lit. TaÁ-gungungungun „ala “Waki kviciTurT”, Sdr.

anwux. TaÁgi-JibgiJibgiJibgiJibgi „ala da sxva.

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msgavsebis agreTve Sedarebis gamosaxatavad ixmareba nawilaki

ÄedinÄedinÄedinÄedin // ÄidinÄidinÄidinÄidin “msgavsad”, “magvarad”, “nairad” (lit. Äadin): dosúl

Äedin kudab roy rosul¶ lÀílgi Te‡u “misnairi didi saxli sofelSi

aravis aqvs”, geTu Äedin basandina burut “katasaviT TamaSobs Tikani”.

msgavseba gamoixateba agreTve ----ÄanÄanÄanÄanaaaa nawilakis meSveobiT (lit. Äan-av):

Äali-Äana Äuna fatu mun “aliviT gaizrdebi male Sen.

----xxxx ´́́́aaaa “mainc ra” (все-же, все-таки): Síb Äaylu-xxxx ´́́́aaaa t¾uri musad “mainc ra

girCia musam?”...

igive nawilaki gamoxatavs mtkicebas: Äatami-xxxx ´́́́aaaa dibe bat¾ana

“swored atami miyvars me”...

----sensensensen “...c ki” (lit. cin): Äumar-sen vo‡a dva “umaric ki iyo iq”.

saliteraturo xunZuris ----iSiSiSiS ´́́́ kiTxviTi nawilaki anwuxurSi sxvaobs

kilokavTa mixedviT. toxur kilokavSi igi saliteraturos identuria

fonetikurad, magram WadaqolourSi sisina ssss ´́́́----d gardaiqmneba: hab dur

roy bug-isisisis ´́́́? ? ? ? “es Seni saxlia?”(lit. hab dur ruy bug-iS´?´?´?´?). zogierT

SemTxvevebSi es nawilaki SeiZleba arc ixmarebodes, mag., duri diri?

“Seni Tu Cemi?” (Sdr. lit. duriSSSS ´́́́ diriSSSS´?´?´?´?), royosááááÁ? Á? Á? Á? “Sinidan?” (Sdr.

lit. royos´́́́aÁSSSS ´́́́?).

saliteraturo xunZuris kiTxviT-natvriTi nawilaki ----daÁdaÁdaÁdaÁ

anwuxurSi gvevlineba ----dededede-s saxiT: síbíbíbíb----de? de? de? de? “netav ra?”, Sdr. lit. Síbíbíbíb----

dadadadaÁ. e e e e ← aÁaÁaÁaÁ. procesi gamowveulia monofTongizaciiT, rac, rogorc

cnobilia, farTod gavrcelebuli movlenaa xunZuri enis samxrul

dialeqtebSi da maT Soris anwuxurSic.

iribi kiTxvis gamomxatvel ----alialialiali nawilaks (“xom ar”) anwuxurSi ----gugugugu

efardeba: vugus´́́́----gugugugu? “xom ar aris?”, Sdr. lit. vugiS´́́́----ali?ali?ali?ali?

mimarTulebis gamomxatveli ----xunxunxunxun nawilakis nacvlad ixmareba

zmnuri elementi ssss´ver´ver´ver´ver (Sdr. ssss´ver´ver´ver´ver----iiii----ze ze ze ze “motrialeba”, “mobruneba”): didax

s´ver vusún! “Cemsken mobrundi”, Sdr. lit. dide-xún vusá!

sxvaTa sityvis gamomxatvel ----iiiin, n, n, n, ----Áinan, Áinan, Áinan, Áinan, ----ilanilanilanilan nawilakebs sof. Tivis

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metyvelebaSi efardeba ----minminminmin, romelic warmoadgens namyos absolutivis

gaqvavebul formas zmnisa minZiminZiminZiminZi (“Tqma”): ah´mad-minminminmin vo‡a, „ali vo bex½i

“ahmadi iqnebao (ifiqra), ali ki naxa” da sxva.

111

sintaqsisintaqsisintaqsisintaqsi

saxeluri Sesityveba (atributuli sintagma)

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis erTad brunebisas xunZur enaSi

msazRvreli brunvas ar icvlis: ra formaSicaa sazRvrulTan

saxelobiT brunvaSi, imaSive rCeba danarCen brunvebSic; e.i. msazRvreli

ar eTanxmeba sazRvruls brunvaSi. es viTareba saliteraturo

xunZurTan erTad damaxasiaTebelia yvela dialeqtisaTvis, maT Soris

anwuxurisTvis.

msazRvreli SeiZleba SeeTanxmos sazRvruls gramatikul klassa

da ricxvSi. SeTanxmeba klasSi SeiZleba gvqondes mxoloobiT ricxvSi,

mravlobiTSi mxolod ricxvSi SeTanxmeba gvaqvs.

msazRvrelis SeTanxmeba sazRvrulTan klassa da ricxvSi maSinac

SeiZleba gvqondes, roca msazRvreli saxeli marTulia sazRvrulis

mier: Tu msazRvreli sazRvrulTan naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTaa

warmodgenili, mas SeiZleba daerTos klasisa da ricxvis niSnebic

Sesabamisad sazRvruli arsebiT saxelis klasisa da ricxvisa (neJer

“Cveni” [naT. br.] _ neJer // neJer-ab ruy “Cveni saxli”... _ neJer // neJer-

al ruyzabi “Cveni saxlebi”).

zedsarTavi saxeli ibrunvis, roca igi arsebiTi saxelisagan

damoukideblad ixmareba.

mxoloobiT ricxvSi zedsarTavi saxeli brunebis or tips

ganarCevs. ergativSi mas ori daboloeba SeiZleba hqondes (klasebis

Sesabamisad): -asasasas ´́́́ (I kl.), ----aaaa (II kl. da III kl.); mesame tipis bruneba (-c´a

daboloebiT ergativSi) ucxoa zedsarTavi saxelebisaTvis. mravlobiT

ricxvSi ergativis daboloebaa ----azazazaz (I-III kl). magaliTebi:

112

sax. hitin-av (I kl.) hitin-aÁ (II kl.) hitin-ab (III kl.) hitin-al

(mr.) “patara”

erg. hitin-as´ hitin-a hitin-az

naT. hitin-as´-ul hitin- a -ul hitin-az-ul

mic. hitin-as´-e hitin- a -e hitin-az-e

sufiqsiseuli klas-niSnebi (da mravl. ricxvis niSani) zedsarTav

saxels saxelobiTi brunvidan ar gadahyveba danarCen brunvebSi. klas-

niSnebsa (da mravl. ricxvis niSans) ergativSi cvlis am brunvis

Sesabamisad gansxvavebuli daboloebebi, romlebic fuZes sxva

brunvebSic gadahyveba.

klas-niSani (da mravl. ricxvis niSani) prefiqsad (roca igi

fuZeSi gvaqvs) ucvlelad gahyveba yvela zedsarTav saxels yvela

brunvaSi; Sdr.:

sax. v-awád-av “sufTa” (Ikl.) _ erg. v-awád-as´... sax. Á-awád-aÁ _

erg. Á-awád-a ... sax. b-awád-ab (III kl.) _ erg. b-awád-a ... sax. r-awád-

al _ erg. r-awád-az (mr.r.)...

roca zedsarTavi saxeli arsebiTs axlavs (msazRvrelad), is ar

icvleba brunvaTa mixedviT. aseT SemTxvevaSi zedsarTavi saxeli

(msazRvreli, atributivi) win uswrebs arsebiT saxels (sazRvruls) da

uTanxmdeba mas gramatikul klassa da ricxvSi. brunvaSi SeTanxmeba

sazRvrulisa msazRvrelTan xunZur enaSi ara gvaqvs, arc

saliteraturo enaSi da arc mis romelime dialeqtSi. magaliTebi:

I klasi

sax. hitin-av vac´ “patara Zma”

erg. hitin-av vacás´

naT. hitin-av vacásúl

mic. hitinav vacásé

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II klasi

sax. hitin-aÁ Áac´ “patara da”

erg. hitin-aÁ Áacá

naT. hitin-aÁ Áacául

mic. hitin-aÁ Áacáe

III klasi

sax. hitin-ab Cu “patara cxeni”

erg. hitin-ab Cocá

naT. hitin-ab Col

mic. hitin-ab CoÁe

mravlobiTi

sax. hitin-al vacál “patara Zmebi”

erg. hitinal vacáz

naT. hitinal vacázul

mic. hitinal vacáze

msazRvrelis ubrunveloba sazRvrulTan misi xmarebisas, rogorc

fiqroben xunZuri enis specialistebi (arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe), ar

unda iyos arqauli movlena. xunZurSi am SemTxvevaSi igive viTareba

unda gvqondes, rac qarTveluri enebidan amJamad zanurisaTvis aris

damaxasiaTebeli (Sdr. Wan. didi oxori “didi saxli” _erg. didi

oxoriq, naT. didi oxoriS, mic. didi oxoris da a.S. saxelobiTis

forma msazRvreli zedsarTavi saxelisa aq ucvlelad meordeba sxva

brunvebSi, rac meoreulia. amas mowmobs qarTuli enis Cveneba).

xunZuris axlo monaTesave zog enaSi (kerZod, didour enebSi)

msazRvreli zedsarTavi saxeli arsebiT saxelTan erTad brunebisas

mainc ganarCevs or formas (“irib brunvaTa” saziaro formas

saxelobiTisagan; msazRvreli saxelis brunvacvalebis moSla aq

bolomdis ar aris gatarebuli). msazRvreli saxelis moduneba

114

sazRvrul arsebiT saxelTan erTad brunebisas saerTo movlenaa

iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi (arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe).

msazRvreli SeiZleba iyos saxelobiTi brunva:

zedsarTavi saxelisa: hitinav vac´ “patara Zma”

ricxviTi saxelisa:kigo vac´ “ori Zma”

nacvalsaxelisa: hav Ci “es kaci”

arsebiTi saxelisa: Áas Äadan “qaliSvili-adamiani”

mimReobisa: unev Ci “mimavali kaci”

msazRvrelad SeiZleba iyos naTesaobiTi brunvac: vacásúl vas

“Zmis vaJiSvili”, Äaqdal rax½ “Zroxis rZe”...

rogorc zemoT iTqva, msazRvruli zedsarTavi saxeli win

uswrebs sazRvrul arsebiT saxels da ar icvleba brunvaTa mixedviT.

igive iTqmis msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli yvela sxva saxelis Sesaxebac.

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis erTad brunebisas, iqneba igi zedsarTavi,

Tu sxva saxeli,_ brunvaSi sazRvruls ar eTanxmeba, magram ricxvSi ki

eTanxmeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msazRvreli klas-niSania.

mxoloobiTi

sax. hav dir hitinav vacásúl vas “am Cemi umcrosi Zmis

vaJiSvili”

erg. hav dir hitinav vacásúl vasas´

naT. hav dir hitinav vacásúl vasasúl

mic. hav dir hitinav vacásúl vasasé

mravlobiTi

sax. hal dir hitinal vacázul vasal “am Cemi umcrosi Zmebis

vaJiSvilebi”

erg. hal dir hitinal vacázul vasaz

naT. hal dir hitinal vacázul vasazul

115

mic. hal dir hitinal vacázul vasaze

rogorc ukve vnaxeT, xunZur enaSi sazRvruli eTanxmeba

msazRvrels klassa da ricxvSi. saliteraturo enaSi es faqti

TvalsaCinodaa warmodgenili:

I kl. ik-av vas “kargi biWi”

II kl. ik-aÁ Áas “kargi gogo”

III kl. ik-ab Cu “kargi cxeni”

mr. ik-al vas-al, Áas-al, Cu-Á-al “kargi biWebi, gogoebi,

cxenebi”...

klas-niSani calkeul zedsarTavebs prefiqsadac daerTviT

anlautSi:

I kl. v-awád-av vas “sufTa biWi”

II kl. Á-awád-aÁ Áas “sufTa gogo”

III kl. b-awád-ab ruy “sufTa saxli”

mr. r. r-awád-al vasal, Áasal, ruyzal “sufTa biWebi, gogoebi,

saxlebi”...

CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi klas-niSani, Cveulebriv, sufiqsad

gvaqvs:

I kl. ha-v vas “es biWi”

II kl. ha-Á Áas “es gogo”

III kl. ha-b Cu “es cxeni”

mr. r. ha-l vasal, Áasal, ruyzal “es biWebi, gogoebi, saxlebi”...

I kl. do-v vas “is biWi”

IIkl. do-Á Áas “is gogo”

III kl. do-b Cu “is cxeni”

116

mr. do-l vasal, Áasal, CuÁal “is biWebi, gogoebi, cxenebi”...

anwuxur dialeqtSi, saliteraturo xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT,

msazRvrelis sufiqsebs, rogorc wesi, ekvecebaT xolme I da II klasis

niSnebi (v, Á), rac fonetikuri movlenaa, difTongTa gamartivebis

Sedegs warmoadgens (arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe):

I kl. -a ← -av

II kl. -a ← -aÁ

-av da -aÁ formantTa fonetikuri gamartiveba damaxasiaTebelia

ara marto anwuxurisaTvis, aramed saerTod samxrul xunZuri

dialeqtebisaTvis.

magaliTebi sof. Tivis mkvidr anwuxelTa metyvelebidan:

ika Ci vugu Ra ”kargi kaci aris igi”, ika Äadam Áugu Re

“kargi qali aris igi”, Wuhara vaS “lamazi vaJi”, Wuhara ÁaS “lamazi

gogo”, aca Ci “aqauri kaci”, dede voxára vugu “mama gaxarebuli

aris”, baba Áoxára Áugu “deda gaxarebuli aris” da sxva.

arn. Ciqobavasa da il. cercvaZis SeniSvniT, III klasis

msazRvrelebi b niSans inarCuneben, radganac -ab klasovani formanti

ar Seicavs difTongs. aRniSnaven imasac, rom zogjer I da II klasis

formaTa analogiiT III klasis formamac SeiZleba dakargos klas-

niSani sufiqsi. sofel Tivis TqmaSi amis magaliTebs sakmaod xSirad

vxvdebiT, magaliTad:

ika Jo “kargi ram” (← ik-ab), daha mex “cota dro” (← dah-ab),

Äisina wul “wvrili SeSa” (← Äisin-ab), rayara mex “SimSilobis dro” (←

rayar-ab), eyasa Ced “dRevandeli puri” (← eyas-ab), tocebes Jo “pirveli

ram” (← tocebes-eb)...

gvxvdeba magaliTebic, sadac msazRvrels mravlobiTis sufiqsic

mokvecili aqvs: rorJin Jal “frinvelebi”, zedmiw. “mfrinavi rameebi”

(rorJin-al), ruyi rehin háivanal “Sinauri cxovelebi”, zedmiw. “saxlSi

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myofi cxovelebi” (← rehin-al), Wehée ruyzal “maRali saxlebi” (← Wehé-

al)...

aris SemTxvevebi, roca I da II klasis msazRvrelebSi

formantisgan danaSTi bolokiduri a xmovanic ikveceba; magaliTad:

nihínW vac´ “umcrosi Zma”, nihínW Áac´ “umcrosi da” (← nihínW-a),

yuy vas “dabali biWi”, yuy Áas “dabali gogo” (← yuy-a), bawád Ci “sufTa

kaci”, bawád Áas “sufTa gogo” (← bawád-a da ara v-awáda, Á-awáda!)...

bolokiduri a III klasis msazRvrelebmac SeiZleba moikvecon:

gveS unTi “cudi sneuleba” (← gveS-a-b), qvan qven “SesaWmeli

saWmeli” (←qvan-a-b), títin bak “dasawoli adgili” (← títin-a-b), Canax

tvar mex “sanadirod wasvlis dro” (← tvar-a-b), retin Jo “Casacmeli

ram” (← retin-a-b), wiÁ xabar “axali ambavi” (← wi-Á-a-b) ...

III klasis msazRvrelTaTvis amgvari viTareba mTlad

damaxasiaTebeli mainc ar aris, paralelurad klasniSniani formebic

ixmareba. msazRvrelTa gamartivebis tendencia dRes axalgazrdobis

metyvelebaSi ufro SeimCneva.

msazRvrel sazRvrulis urTierTobis es movlena _atributuli

sintagmis agebis amgvari saSualeba anwuxur dialeqtSi

tipologiurad emsgavseba gansazRvrebiT kompozitTa warmoebas

saliteraturo xunZursa da dialeqtebSi. magaliTebi saliteraturo

xunZuridan:

Ãah´-xono “cila” (zedmiw. “TeTri kvercxi”), WeÄer-hínW “Wka”

(zedmiw. “Savi Citi”), WeÄer-háivan, WeÄer-bowí “msxvilfexa rqosani

saqoneli” (zedmiw. “Savi saqoneli”), Car-Redo “kaWkaWi” (zedmiw. “Wreli

yvavi”), teren-Ced “lavaSi” (zedmiw. “Txeli puri”), hitin-qiliS “neki”

(zedmiw. “patara TiTi”), Ãahíl-bil “lila” (zedmiw. “lurji ina”)...

am tipis kompozitebSi zedsarTavi saxeli, rogorc wesi,

kompozitis wevrad yovelTvis fuZis saxiT gvevlineba, mag., Ãah´- “TeTr-

“ (da ara: Ãah´-ab “TeTri”), WeÄer- “Sav-“ (da ara: WeÄer-ab “Savi”)...

118

teren- “wvril-“, “Txel-“ (da ara: teren-ab “wvrili”, “Txeli”)...

gaformebuli zedsarTavi arsebiTis msazRvrelad kompozits ar qmnis,

igi Cveulebriv atributul sintagmad rCeba. arsebiTi sxvaoba iCens

Tavs semantikaSic, mag., sintagma WeÄer-ab hínW aRniSnavs yovel Cits,

romelic Savia, magram WeÄer-hínW garkveuli, konkretuli saxeobaa

Citisa (“Wka”); aseve: WeÄer-ab háivan _ iTqmis yovel cxovelze, romelic

Savi ferisaa, magram WeÄer-háivan _ garkveuli saxeoba Sinauri

cxovelisa, saqonlisa...

zmnuri Sesityveba (predikatuli sintagma)

sintaqsuri damokidebuleba zmnisa saxelTan (subieqtTan an

obieqtTan) xunZur enaSi ganisazRvreba zmnis TaviseburebiT.

rogorc cnobilia, xunZuri zmna pirTa mixedviT ar icvleba,

magram icvleba klasebisa da ricxvis mixedviT.saxeli zmnas ar marTavs

pirSi, magram iTanxmebs mas gramatikul klassa da ricxvSi. gardauvali

zmnis klasisa da da ricxvis forma damokidebulia realur subieqtze,

xolo gardamavali zmnisa – realur obieqtze.

anwuxur dialeqtSi, msgavsad saliteraturo xunZurisa,

gamoiyofa xuTi saxis sintaqsuri konstruqcia imis mixedviT, Tu ra

brunvaSia dasmuli realuri subieqti; es konstruqciebia:

1. nominatiuri(saxelobiTiani): vac´ vugu... vehina... tonvohán...

Wána... “Zma aris ...modis...midis...dgas...”

2. ergatiuli (moTxrobiTiani): vacás´ Cu bosa “Zmam cxeni iyida”...

deded wul yutri “mamam SeSa daWra”...babad gurde buya “dedam

perangi Sekera”...

3. datiuri (micemiTiani): vacásíbe Cu bat¾ana “Zmas cxeni uyvars”...

4. posesiuri (naTesaobiTiani): vacásúl Cu bugu “Zmas cxeni

hyavs”, zedmiw. “Zmisa cxeni aris”...

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5. lokatiuri (adgilobiTiani): vacás´da Cu bixin “Zmas cxens

xedavs”, zedmiw. “Zmaze cxeni Cans”... vacás´da sas riÄin “Zmas

xma esmis”, zedmiw. “Zmaze xma ismis”...vacás´da gurJi maw´ Tana

“Zmam qarTuli ena icis”, zedmiw. “Zmaze qarTuli ena

cnobilia”...

sainteresoa, rom sof. Tivis metyvelebaSi SeiniSneba erTgvari

tendencia lokatiuri konstruqciis winadadebaTa ergatiulad qcevisa,

Tumca es movlena sayovelTao ar aris; aseTi ram SeimCneva, magaliTad,

grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel klasniSnian zmnasTan: b-ezi “danaxva”:

Ãizanaz-da Cu beri “bavSvebma cxeni dainaxes” lokatiuri

konstruqciis winadadebaa, paralelurad individis metyelebaSi

SeiZleba Segvxvdes igive winadadeba ergatiul konstruqciaSic:

Ãizanaz Cu beri _ asec SeiZlebao, Tumca bevrs aseTi Tqma

winadadebisa mainc arasworad miaCnia.

anwuxuri dialeqtis sintaqsur konstruqciaTa Taviseburebis

magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT agreTve Semdegi faqtebi:

saliteraturo enaSi zmna rixinerixinerixinerixine (“siZulvili”) grZnoba-aRqmis

gamomxatveli sxva ramdenime zmnis (verba sentiendi) msgavsad realur

subieqts, rogorc wesi, moiTxovs I seriis lokatiuri brunvis formaSi

(----da da da da formantiT), xolo sof. Tivis anwuxur metyvelebaSi imave

mniSvnelobis zmna bbbb----ihihihih ´́́́zizizizi (saliteraturosagan gansxvavebiT igi

cvalebadia klasisa da ricxvis mixedviT) realur subieqts micemiT

brunvaSi marTavs: di-vvvv----eeee v-ihńon Ra “me (RS mic. br.) mZuls igi (kaci)”,

di-ÁÁÁÁ----eeee Á-ihńÁon Re “me (RS mic. br.) mZuls igi (qali)”; Sdr. lit. lit.

di-dadadada (RS I seriis lokat. br.) rixun vugo dov, di-dadadada rixun Áigo doÁ.

safiqrebelia, rom es movlena Sepirobebulia sapirispiro

mniSvnelobis (“siyvaruli”) mqone zmnasTan analogiiT: anw. bbbb----atatatat¾¾¾¾JiJiJiJi

“yvareba” (lit. bbbb----otototot¾¾¾¾izeizeizeize), anw. di-vvvv----eeee v-at¾ana Ra “me (RS mic. br.) miyvars

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igi (kaci)”, Sdr. lit. di-Á-e v-ot¾ula dov; anw. di-ÁÁÁÁ----eeee Á-at¾ana Re “me

(RS mic. br.) miyvars igi (qali)”, Sdr. lit. di-Á-e Á-ot¾ula doÁ da sxva.

zmnaTa umravlesoba rogorc saliteraturo xunZurSi, ise

anwuxurSic nominatiur da ergatiul konstruqciebs moiTxovs.

nominatiuri konstruqcia gardauvali zmnisaa, ergatiuli –

gardamavalisa.

zmna marTavs masTan dakavSirebul saxelebs: realur subieqts

gardauvali zmna marTavs saxelobiT brunvaSi, gardamavali zmna –

ergatiul brunvaSi; realur obieqts gardamavali zmna, rogorc wesi,

marTavs saxelobiT brunvaSi.

grZnoba aRqmis gamomxatvel zmnebTan (verba sentiendi) realuri

subieqti SeiZleba marTuli iyos micemiTsa da adgilobiT (lokatiur)

brunvaSi. realuri obieqti ki aseT zmnebTanac saxelobiT brunvaSi

iqneba da aqac realuri obieqti iTanxmebs zmnas klassa da ricxvSi.

amrigad, gardauvali zmnis realuri subieqti (saxelobiT

brunvaSi) da gardamavali zmnis realuri obieqti (agreTve

saxelobiTSi) erTnair sintaqsur damokidebulebas avlenen, kerZod,

orive marTulia zmnis mier (saxelobiT brunvaSi) da orive iTanxmebs

zmnas (klassa da ricxvSi).

rac Seexeba gardamavali zmnis realur subieqts, mas zmna

marTavs ergatiul brunvaSi, magram ergativi ver iTanxmebs zmnas

klassa da ricxvSi; amrigad sintaqsuri damokidebuleba gardamavali

zmnisa da misi realuri subieqtisa calmxrivia. aseTivea sintaqsuri

damokidebuleba micemiTsa, naTesaobiTsa da lokativSi dasmul

realur subieqtsa da Sesabamis zmnas Soris: aqac realuri subieqtis

brunvis forma zmnazea damokidebuli, magram zmnis forma ar aris

damokidebuli realur subieqtze (damokidebulia realur obieqtze).

garda saxelobiTSi dasmuli realuri obieqtisa zmnas

(gardamavalsac da gardauvalsac), saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba

Seefardos damateba ama Tu im irib brunvaSi: micemiTSi, naTesaobiTSi,

lokativSi da SesaZloa ergatiul brunvaSic, roca es ukanaskneli

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moqmedebiTi brunvis mniSvnelobiT ixmareba (mag., anw. deded ÄoSdod

Wul yutri “mamam najaxiT SeSa daWra”). aseTi damateba (iribi damateba)

gansxvavebiT saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli damatebisagan (pirdapiri

anu uaxloesi obieqtisagan) araviTar gavlenas ar axdens zmnis

formacvalebaze (zmnas igi arc marTavs da arc iTanxmebs).

winadadebaSi sityvaTa rigi Tavisufalia. logikuri maxvilis

Sesabamisad winadadebis wevrebi ama Tu im TanmimdevrobiT SeiZleba

dalagdnen. magaliTebi anwuxuri dialeqtidan:

vac´ rohotu rux½ox tva “Zma diliT tyeSi wavida”

rohotu tva vac´ rux½ox “diliT wavida Zma tyeSi”

tva vac´ rohotu rux½ox “wavida Zma diliT tyeSi”

rux½ox tva rohotu vac´ “tyeSi wavida diliT Zma” da a.S.

saliteraturo xunZurisa da sxva dialeqtTa msgavsad anwuxurSi

ar moipoveba mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi da arc mimarTebiTi

zmnisarTebi, rac damokidebuli winadadebis mTavarTan

dasakavSireblad gamoiyeneba xolme sxva enebSi. arc maqvemdebarebeli

kavSirebi moipoveba.

amitom xunZurisaTvis (da anwuxuri dialeqtisTvisac) ucxoa

aseTi kavSirebiT agebuli rTuli daqvemdebarebuli winadadeba.

Sesabamisi mniSvneloba gadmoicema martivi winadadebiT. erTi da imave

azris sintaqsurad gamoxatvis saSualebebidan xunZurs moepoveba

erTaderTi SesaZlebloba – martivi winadadebis saSualebiT: anwux.

vaWara Ci dir hudul vugu “mosuli kaci Cemi megobari aris” (Sdr.

qarT. “kaci, romelic movida Cemi megobari aris”).

aseTi saxis martiv winadadebaSi Cveulebriv monawileobs

mimReobis, masdaris, absolutivis, dasxva formebi, romlebic SinaarsiT

udris damokidebuli winadadebis zmnas masTan xmarebul

maqvemdebarebel kavSirTan erTad (“romelic movida”, “vinc movida”,

roca movida” da a.S.). magaliTebi anwuxuri dialeqtidan:

deded huburab vasas´gi huburi “mamis mier gakeTebuli

vaJiSvilmac gaakeTa” (= “mamam rac gaakeTa, is vaJiSvilmac gaakeTa”);

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vex½ vat¾arasé hvegi bat¾an “mwyemsis moyvaruls ZaRlic uyvars” (=

“mwyemsi visac uyvars, mas ZaRlic uyvars”);

ri‡ida burux½ bix½ara t¾indal ÄarSidasá vixin “zafxulSi

gvelis mnaxvels zamTarSi Tokisac eSinia” (= “zafxulSi gveli vinc

naxa, mas zamTarSi Tokisac eSinia);

hálti luÄizabugu vaÄnon Ra “saqme gaaTava ra movida igi” (=

“saqme roca gaaTava, maSin movida igi”;

ruyix vaÄnu t¾iWi vega Ra “saxlSi movida ra dasaZineblad dawva

igi” (=saxlSi roca movida maSin dasaZineblad dawva igi”);

Ra lÀá vukin Tana dita “misi aq yofna vici me” (= “me vici rom is

aq aris”);

Ra lÀá vukaravTi Tanaru dita “misi aq namyofoba ar vici me” (=

“me ar vici, rom is iyo aq”)...

magram yvela aseTi winadadeba sintaqsurad (struqturuli

analizis TvalsazrisiT) martivi winadadebebia, Tumca mniSvnelobiT

(stilistikuri analizis TvalsazrisiT isini saTanado enaTa rTul

daqvemdebarebul winadadebebsac Seesabamebian.

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teqstebi

Samilgi asmagiSamilgi asmagiSamilgi asmagiSamilgi asmagi

1. Samilgi asmagi vac´gi Áac´gi rugu. 2. Ral tocébes´ qlasalda

wállohán. 3. qinJos´ c´vex½ol hez dars´ TaÁboRin. 4. sengi Ral hahin. 5.

niJer uSTels´ hel recín....

Samili da asmaSamili da asmaSamili da asmaSamili da asma

1. Samili da asma Zma da da arian. 2. isini pirvel klasSi

swavloben. 3. yovel rameze adre isini gakveTils swavloben. 4. Semdeg

isini TamaSoben. 5. Cveni maswavlebeli maT aqebs.

salihaT mahomedova (1976 w. dab., toxi)

saRTi wumsaRTi wumsaRTi wumsaRTi wumiiii

1. saRTi wumizi bisú tocébes´ Jo baw´Ti bugu. 2. Äemer unTi x½an

CirqinTis´. 3. nil¶ rugub roy, retin retel, qvan qven, yanab lÀím,

t¾itin bak bawádab Te‡ilÀí, Äadamazibe gveS unTi behin.

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janmrTelobis dacvajanmrTelobis dacvajanmrTelobis dacvajanmrTelobis dacva

1. janmrTelobis dacvisaTvis yvelaze pirveli ram sisufTave

aris. 2. bevri avadmyofoba xdeba WuWyisagan. 3. Cveni samyofi saxli,

Casacmeli tanisamosi, SesaWmeli saWmeli, dasalevi wyali,

dasaZinebeli adgili sufTa Tu ar aris, adamianebisTvis cudi

avadmyofoba iqneba.


berberberber

1. ber way baw´ad x½ix½zi x½an Jo bugu. 2. helÀ´da tad CirqinTi ÃvaÁ

behinaru. 3. Cirqinal qveral ÃvarilÀ´i, beral unTu x½an. 4. beral

unTra Ci fatu bec´Tin.

TvaliTvaliTvaliTvali

1. Tvali Zalian sufTad Sesanaxad saWiro ram aris. 2. masze zed

WuWyis Sexeba ar SeiZleba (“ar iqneba”). 3. WuWyiani xelebi Tu Seexo,

Tvalebi avad xdebian. 4. Tvaleb daavadebuli kaci male brmavdeba.


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ÄinÄinÄinÄin

1. Äingi Äemer terenab Jo bugu. 2. Cirqinal gilSál Áa sogil

Cirqinal Jal Äinta ÃvarilÀí heb unTin. 3. Äin unTra Ci fatu ÄinyTin.

yuriyuriyuriyuri

1. yuric metad nazi ram aris. 2. WuWyiani TiTebi an sxva WuWyiani

rameebi yurs Tu Seexo eg avaddeba. 3. yur daavadebuli kaci male

yruvdeba.


qveralqveralqveralqveral

1. qveral Áibib JoÁalÀ´ Ãvan mex´ CirqinTin. 2. Cirqinal qveral

sogil x½albazda ÃvarilÀí, hebgi CirqinTin, helÀ´texgi unTi ban. 3.

qveral bawádab baTaÁ tadab Jo bugu. 4. qunalÀ´ c´vex½ol qveral

CuriWegu ÄumriÁlÀ´ behinaru.

xelebixelebixelebixelebi

1. xelebi yovel rames Sexebis dros WuWyiandeba. 2. WuWyiani xelebi

sxva organoebs Tu Seexo, egec WuWyiandeba, maszec sneuleba edeba. 3.

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xelebis sufTad qona aucilebeli ram aris. 4. Wamis win xelebis

daubanlad arafriT ar SeiZleba (“cxovrebaSi ar iqneba”).


ruyi rehinal hruyi rehinal hruyi rehinal hruyi rehinal h ´́́́aÁvanalaÁvanalaÁvanalaÁvanal

Cu, Äala, TaÁ, os, Äaqa, ÄaWar, basi, beh´se, gumuS´ (//gamus´), háma,

Äurwven, Äi (bowúljo), wé, varan, hve, geTu – ruyi rehinal háÁvanal

rugu.

Sinauri (“saxlSi myofi”) cxovelebiSinauri (“saxlSi myofi”) cxovelebiSinauri (“saxlSi myofi”) cxovelebiSinauri (“saxlSi myofi”) cxovelebi

cxeni, Waki, kvici, xari, Zroxa, dekeuli, mozveri, xbo, kameCi, viri,

jori, cxvari, Txa, aqlemi, ZaRli, kata – Sinauri cxovelebi arian.


CuCuCuCu

1. Cu Äadamasíbe qumaq hubun háÁvan bugu. 2. Cota Äadamal rekin,

RalÀ´ lal tamin, húr bet¾in; 3. helÀ´da tad hir tamin, heb hiqida ban. 4.

Äalagi qinabgu iSalÀíbe behin. 5. heb gureb, Äaladul rax½ behin. 6.

helÀúl rax½dasá yimiz hubun. 7. Äaladul rax½ Äadamasúl Corxobe

feÁda bugeb Jo bugu.

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cxenicxenicxenicxeni

1. cxeni adamianisaTvis daxmarebis mqneli cxoveli aris. 2. cxenze

adamianebi sxdebian, misiT kalos lewaven, yanas xnaven. 3. masze zed

tvirTs deben, magas uremSi abamen. 4. Wakic yvelaferi saqmisaTvis

SeiZleba. 5. magis garda, Waks rZe aqvs xolme. 6. magis rZisgan kumiss

akeTeben. 7. Wakis rZe adamianis sxeulisaTvis sargebloba mqone ram

aris.


osososos

1. os way quTaqalÀ´ háltinab háÁvan bugu. 2. heb hiqida ban. 3. helÀ´

húrgi bet¾in lalgi tamin. 4. os(a)lÀúl han qvenZi lÀík behin. 5.

helÀúl tom box´da retin joÁlÀíbe behin.

xarixarixarixari

1. xari Zalian Zlierad momuSave cxoveli aris. 2. mas uremSi

abamen. 3. magiT yanas xnaven da kalos lewaven. 4. xaris xorci saWmelad

kargi aris. 5. magis tyavi fexze Casacmeli ramisTvis SeiZleba.


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ÄaqaÄaqaÄaqaÄaqa

1. Äaqa bugu wíkíl bugeb háÁvan. 2. helÀ´ rax½ t¾un. 3. helÀúl

rax½aldasá torax½, nah´ va hán hubun. 4. Äaqdal han qvan, tomulÀúl

box´ta retin jal hurun. 5. Äaqa Äadamazibe, hezul maÄiSaTalÀé feÁda

wík´rab háÁvan bugu.

ZroxaZroxaZroxaZroxa

1. Zroxa aris sargebel mqone cxoveli. 2. eg rZes iZleva. 3. magis

rZisagan araJans, karaqs da xorcs akeTeben. 4. Zroxis xorcs Wamen,

tyavisas fexze Casacmel rames akeTeben. 5. Zroxa adamianebisaTvis, maTi

yofa-cxovrebisaTvis sargebloba didi ram aris.


gamusgamusgamusgamus´ ´ ´ ´ (// gumuS(// gumuS(// gumuS(// gumuS ´́́́))))

1. gamus´ way yubaT wík´rab Äemer háltinab háÁvan bugu. 2. hebgi

hiqida ban, húrgi bet¾in lalgi tamin. 3. w´viÁab gimsíl rax½ Äemer

taÄam bugeb behin. 4. helÀúl rax½aldasá hán, nah´, torax½ behin. 5.

gimsíl han qvan va helÀúl tomulÀúl box´ta retin jal hurun. 6.

helÀúl feÁdagi bahagi Äaqdasá wík´rab behin.

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kameCikameCikameCikameCi

1. kameCi Zalian Zala didi metad momuSave cxoveli aris. 2. magasac

uremSi abamen, yanas xnaven da kalos lewaven. 3. dedali kameCis rZe

metad gemo mqone aris. 4. magisi rZisagan yveli, karaqi, araJani aris

xolme. 5. kameCis xorcs Wamen da magisi tyavisas fexze Casacmel rames

akeTeben. 6. magisi sargebloba da fasi Zroxisaze didi aris.


ÄiÄiÄiÄi

1. Äi Äemer wíkíl bugeb va Äadamazibe Äemer feÁda bugeb háÁvan

bugu. 2. ÄiÁal han qvenZi bisú lÀíkab behin. 3. helÀúl rax½dasá hán

hubun. 4. ÄiÁal qususá dehin, qurTqa, burTina va sogi xám hubun. 5.

helÀúl yex½ tad retanab joÁalÀíbe behin. 6. helÀ´tesá laqalgi huru

rehin. 7. Äi rostul ahlulbe beterbaÃi ÄatidTibe sababTu bugeb Jo

bugu.

cxvaricxvaricxvaricxvari

1. cxvari metad gamorCena mqone da adamianebisaTvis metad

sargebloba mqone cxoveli aris. 2. cxvris xorci saWmelad yvelaze

kargi aris. 3. magisi rZisagan yvels akeTeben. 4. cxvris matylisagan

xaliCas, qurTuks, nabads da sxva qsovils akeTeben. 5. magisi tyavi zed

Casacmeli ramisaTvis SeiZleba. 6. misgan tarsikonebis gakeTebac

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SeiZleba. 7. cxvari soflis mosaxleobisaTvis cxovrebis gafarToebis

SemZlebeli ram aris.


ÄurwvenÄurwvenÄurwvenÄurwven

1. Äurwven hímida relÀárab, Cex´ kudab, quTaqalÀ´ wík´rab háÁvan

bugu. 2. Äurwven hímil bakaldagi Codul bakaldagi hálWi boRu behin.

3. Äurwven Äamal Te‡eb háÁvan bo‡olÀígi, RulÀúl yimaT wík´rab bugu.

jorijorijorijori

1. jori viris msgvsi, tan didi, Zala didi cxoveli aris. 2. jori

virisa da cxenis adgilas rom amuSao SeiZleba. 3. jori xasiaT cudi

cxoveli Tumca aris, misi fasi didi aris.


hhhh ´́́́amaamaamaama

1. háma Äemer háltinab, Äadamazibe way feÁda bugeb háÁvan bugu. 2.

háma tad Turab Jo baCún háltizi (//hálwi) lÀíkab behin. 3. Äemer baÃ

heb x½ix½in hálwimin. 4. hímil han qunaru, amma tomulÀúl dabaR hubu

behin. 5. háma maÄaruluzul hoqo bugu.

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viriviriviriviri

1, viri metad momuSave, adamianebisaTvis Zalian sargebel mqone

cxoveli aris. 2. viri zed dadebuli ramis waRebis samuSaod kargi

aris. 3. bevr adgilas magas inaxaven muSaobisTvis. 4. viris xorcs ar

Wamen, magram tyavisa moTrimluli tyavis gakeTeba SeiZleba. 5. viri

xunZebis uremi aris.


varanvaranvaranvaran

1. varan yaryala kudab, beter nihínWab, gubur xáladab, way quTaq

bugab háÁvan bugu. 2. helÀúl muRtva t¾il Äidin han behin. 3. varanta

Äadamal rekin. 4. heb hiqita ban, helÀ´ta tad hir Tun. 5. varanil han

qvan, rax½ yan, RulÀúl qvas hálwi boRin. 6. varanil qvas Tamahábgi

xíriÁabgi behin.

aqlemiaqlemiaqlemiaqlemi

1. aqlemi taniT didi, Tavi patara, kiseri grZeli, Zalian Zalis

mqone cxoveli aris. 2. magis zurgze unagiris magvari xorci aris. 3.

aqlemze adamianebi sxdebian. 4. mas uremSi abamen. magaze zed tvirTs

deben. 5. aqlemis xorcs Wamen, rZes svamen, mis bewvs amuSaveben. 6.

aqlemis bewvi rbili da Zvirfasi aris.


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hvehvehvehve

1. hve Äemer wódor, malÀárab Jo, fatu biwín, beterhanasúl way

mutiÄab háÁvan bugu. 2. hveda mah´ lÀíkalÀ´ Tan va sasgi lÀíkalÀ´ riÄin.

3. hemin hve Äadamasíbe way yaraÄul Äidin bugu. 4. xas´gu ÄiÁal yavuta

hve Cara Te‡eb Jo bugu. 5. lÀíkab hved qaÄanib bayralÀígi, yuriTiÁalda

x½ix½irilÀígi, beterhan(a)súl yeÁ rex´ Tanaru. 6. heb raÃalÀ´ hve way Áah´

bugeb (//bugab) háÁvan bugu.

ZaRliZaRliZaRliZaRli

1. ZaRli metad Wkviani, mswavleli ram, male gamgebi, patronis

Zalian erTguli cxoveli aris. 2. ZaRlma suni (ynosva) kargad icis da

xmac kargad esmis. 3. magitom ZaRli adamianisaTvis yaraulis magvarad

aris. 4. gansakuTrebiT cxvris farexSi ZaRli aucilebeli ram aris. 5.

kargi ZaRli ramdenadac ar unda Siodes, gaWirvebaSi inaxavde,

patronis qonebas ar daagdebs 6. am mxriv ZaRli Zalian namusis mqone

cxoveli aris.


geTugeTugeTugeTu

1. geTu way Tirarab, lebalab, Áib nihínWab bolamin, hunar kudab

háÁvan bugu, amma geTu hve Äidin beterhanasíbe mutiÄab, Áah´ bugeb

(//bugab) háÁvan Te‡u. 2. guTbal (//gaTbal) Äemer wóhonal (//wúhunul)

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rugu. 3. Áinel Cex½ wéÁ bak behrilÀí, helÀ´ta beterhangi fatu koCan. 4.

geTu soÁib Äunkól yaraÄul bugu.

katakatakatakata

1. kata Zalian mardi, yoCaRi, TviT patara Tumca aris, unar didi

cxoveli aris, magram kata ZaRlis magvarad patronisaTvis erTguli,

namusis mqone cxoveli ar aris. 2. katebi metad qurdebi arian. 3. Tavisi

muclis asavsebad adgili Tu ar aris, magas patronic male aviwydeba.

4. kata mxolod Tagvis yaraulia.


ruyi rehinal hruyi rehinal hruyi rehinal hruyi rehinal h ´́́́aÁvanazulaÁvanazulaÁvanazulaÁvanazul tttt¾¾¾¾indal maÄiSaTindal maÄiSaTindal maÄiSaTindal maÄiSaT

Cu, háma, Äurwven va qinabgu WeÄer háÁvan t¾indal Äodo rehin. 2.

hezul raÄigi nax½u-xérgi sadaÃ behin. 3. so-so baÃ hel avlaÃalda

rehin, amma bicáTab Äazu barilÀí, quTaqab bohrab mex´ behrilÀí qunaÁ

Jo tameÁlÀí, hel way ÁaziÃTin. 4. Äi t¾indal avlaÃalda qunan. 5. hezda

Äazul¶ udebe qven lahzi kvan va hez bohi Äemer baCín.

Sinauri cxovelebis zamTarSi cxovrebaSinauri cxovelebis zamTarSi cxovrebaSinauri cxovelebis zamTarSi cxovrebaSinauri cxovelebis zamTarSi cxovreba

1. cxeni, viri, jori da yvela msxvilfexa (“Savi”) saqoneli

zamTarSi gomurSi arian. 2. maTi sakvebic bze-Tiva erTad aris. 3. zog

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adgilas isini velzec arian, magram sqeli Tovli Tu movida, Zlieri

civi dro Tu iqna saWmeli Tu ar dauyare, isini Zalian sacodavdebian.

4. cxvrebi zamTarSi velze Zoven. 5. maT TovlSi TavisTvis saWmelis

Zebna SeuZliaT da isini sicives metad itanen.


ÄalhÄalhÄalhÄalh ´́́́ul hul hul hul h ´́́́aÁvaÁvaÁvaÁvanalanalanalanal

Ralbaw, fil, si, baw, Can, ser, Äank – Äalhúl háÁvanal rugu.

Ralbaw va fil nil¶er baÃ rehinaru.

gareuli cxovelebigareuli cxovelebigareuli cxovelebigareuli cxovelebi

lomi, spilo, daTvi, mgeli, iremi, mela, kurdReli – gareuli

cxovelebi arian. lomi da spilo Cvens mxareSi ar arian.


sisisisi

1. nil¶er bakalda rehinal Äalhúl háÁvanazul bisúgu kudab si

bugu. 2. si Äadamasásá bixín, amma Áib baTanarTi TarilÀí, heb

Äadamazda kanwin va helÀ´ hel Wvan. 2. si t¾indal yutix baÃinaru. 3.

RulÀúbe bisúgu bat¾inab qven Äalhúl fiÃ va ÄurCínab húr-xér bugu.

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4. sos (// so-so) mexálÀ´ helÀ´ hangi qvan, amma h´var JoÁalÀúl han helÀ´

ÄumriÁlÀ´ qunaru. 5. sidasá rixár Cil h´vara Ci Äidin rexú rehin. 6.

heb mex´ Ralgi rexú Rab tvan.

daTvidaTvidaTvidaTvi

1. Cvens mxareSi myofi gareuli cxovelebidan yvelaze didi daTvi

aris. 2. daTvs adamianebis eSinia, magram TviTon mas rom ar toveben

(“ar eSvebian”) Tu icis, eg adamianebs esxmis (“axteba”) da eg magaT

klavs. 2. daTvi zamTarSi gareT ar gamodis. 3. misi yvelaze sayvareli

saWmeli gareuli xili da mwvane balax-bulaxi (“yana-balaxi”) aris. 4.

zogjer eg xorcsac Wams, magram mkvdari ramis xorcs arafriT

(“cxovrebaSi”) Wams. 5. daTvisgan SeSinebuli kacebi mkvdari kacis

msgavsad ecemian-ra arian. 6. mag dros maTac daagdebs-ra (“miatovebs”)

igi midis.


serserserser

1. ser Äalhúl háÁvanazda t¾oro Äemer bersinab háÁvan bugu. 2.

RulÀúl rasgi maRgi Äemer bersin behin. 3. ser duniÁal bew´Tarabgu

Canabe yutix baÃin. 4. sos (//so-so) mexálÀ´ Rab Canax tvar mex´

baRariWugu so baÃ begun wán. 5. Redu, hínw´ Rab hól bonamin x½olu

helÀ´de as´gu x½vadin. 6. heb mexálÀ´ ser kanwun taboÃin hel x½un va qvan.

7. ser Äella wík´rab háÁvan bugu.

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melamelamelamela

1. mela gareul cxovelebs Soris metad lamazi cxoveli aris. 2.

misi bewvi da kudi metad lamazi aris. 3. mela qveynis dabnelebisas

sanadirod gareT gadis. 4. zogjer igi sanadirod wasvlis dros erT

adgilas woliT Cerdeba. 5. yvavs, Cits igi mokvdao rom hgonia, masTan

axlos midis. 6. mag dros mela xtomiT adgeba, maT iWers da Wams. 7.

mela eSmakoba didi cxoveli aris.


CanCanCanCan

1. Can Wuh´rab, l¶ardal xáladab, mahál terenal va xáladab

háÁvan bugu. 2. heb bitrab meÁdanalda quTaqalÀ´ beqerin, amma rox½o

RulÀúl l¶aral Rutbazda honton xútu daÄahzi kunaru. 3. haRamin heb

bawaz fatu x½un. 4. CanaÃanaz Can Tufank rowólu Wvan. 5. RulÀúl han

qvan, RulÀúl tomulÀúl ta retin Jo (//jo) hubu behin.

iremiiremiiremiiremi

1. iremi lamazi, rqeb-grZeli, fexeb-wvrili da grZeli cxoveli

aris. 2. eg swor adgilas (“moedanze”) Zlierad garbis, magram tyeSi

misi rqebi xeebze edeba-ra rCeba-ra gaqceva ar SeuZlia. 3. amitom magas

mglebi male iWeren. 4. monadireebi irems Tofis sroliT klaven. 5. mis

xorcs Wamen, mis tyavis zed Casacmeli ram keTdeba.


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bawbawbawbaw

1. baw tibiÄaT gveSab, Cex½ Äorwinarab háÁvan bugu. 2. RulÀúbe

bisúgu bat¾inab qven han bugu. 3. rayara mex´ baw Äadamaztaxgi kanwin va

helÀ´ Ral Wvan. 4. ÄiÁada t¾orox rax½arab (//rax½ar) mexálÀ´ helÀ´ udebe

Äurub Jo WvaWulÀí way Äemerab Äi Rurin. 5. baw way zaral t¾unab

háÁvan bugu. 6. haRamin Äadamaz heb WvaÁ quTaqalÀ´ háTiÁaT hubun.

mgelimgelimgelimgeli

1. mgeli buneba cudi, mucel gaumaZRari cxoveli aris. 2. misTvis

yvelaze sayvareli saWmeli xorci aris. 3. SimSilobis dros mgeli

adamiansac esxmis (“axteba”) da eg maT klavs. 4. cxvrebs Soris

Sevardnis dros eg TavisTvis samyof rames ar klaven-ra Zalian bevr

cxvars xocaven. 5. mgeli Zalian zaralis momcemi cxoveli aris. 6.

amitomac adamianebi magis mokvlas Zlier eswrafvian.


ÄankÄankÄankÄank

1. Äank Äemer bixárab háÁvan bugu. 2. RulÀúl maÃasél box´bil

xáladal va c´vesél yuyul (//nihínWal) rugu. 3. hedin reheder heb

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exéÁ raÃalÀ´ fatu daÄahin, amma behé raÃ fatu daÄahi kunaru. 4. Äank

Äemer yenTin va tanWal Äemer behin háÁvan bugu.

kurdRelikurdRelikurdRelikurdReli

1. kurdReli metad mSiSara cxoveli aris. 2. misi ukana fexebi

grZeli da winebi mokleebi (//patarebi) arian. 3. egre radganac aris eg

zeviT mxares Cqara garbis, magram qveviT mxares gaqceva ar SeuZlia. 4.

kurdReli metad momgebi da naSierebis mravlad myoli cxoveli aris.


Äank va hveÄank va hveÄank va hveÄank va hve

Äank daÄahtva, hve bex´tva. Äank xírida Janu t¾ertva. Äank xíri Janu

baRaldir. hved Äank x½o Tol qon Ta.

kurdReli da ZaRlikurdReli da ZaRlikurdReli da ZaRlikurdReli da ZaRli

kurdReli gaiqca, ZaRli mivarda. kurdReli balaxis SigniT

daimala. kurdReli balaxis SigniT gainZra. ZaRlma kurdReli daiWira-

ra SeWama.


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Redugi sergiRedugi sergiRedugi sergiRedugi sergi

1. Ridida so hánil qeseq baTbola. 2. hángi kaldi x½o heb so

Rututax tomon. 3. seralÀ´ heb bex½bon va heb betzi yas´ huburi. 4. ser

Roto as´gugi tonu, maRgi kobokJi bolu hebesí baÁbix½: 5. “dir xéreeb

Redu, dur Wuhí síb! 6. sasgi Wuhárab Jo bugu dur. 7. so qeW ahí, niC

TeWgu ahí!” 8. seralÀ´ becú Redu boxún Ta va helÀ´ ah´zi baÁbix½. 9.

RedulÀ´ kaldisá sas bax´kvelÀ´ hán saral kaldix s´va.

yvavi da melayvavi da melayvavi da melayvavi da mela

1. yvavs erTi yvelis naWeri epovna. 2. yvelic pirSi daiWira-ra eg

ert xeze avida. 3. melam eg dainaxa da magis motyueba ganizraxa. 4.

mela xis axlosac mivida-ra, kudis qneviT (“aqnevda-ra”) laparaki

daiwyo: 5. “Cemo Zvirfaso yvavo, Seni silamaze ra (“ra lamazi xar”)! 6.

xmac lamazi ram aris Seni. 7. erti simRera imRere, sircxvil gareSe

imRere!” 9. melam Seaqo-ra yvavs gauxarda da magan mRera daiwyo. 10.

yvavma piridan sanam xma amoiRo yveli melas pirSi movida (“Cavarda”).


ser va Rudulser va Rudulser va Rudulser va Rudul

1. Äemer rayral Rudul avlaÃalda s´veru rola. 2. seralÀ´ hel

rex½u Äazuta h´varab Jo Äidin begun wá. 3. h´varab ser bex½rab (//bex½ra)

mex´ Ruduzibe helÀúl han totoÁ bat¾mola, amma RulÀúdasá rixún

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RulÀúl as´gu toneWu. 4. ser baRaleWgu wólbon. 5. rayral Rudul so

dah mex´ rol kveWugu so dahab Jo as´gu raW. 6. heb mex´gi ser baRaleWu.

7. so Redu seral as´gugi tonu meReta xonobon. 8. he mex´ ser baRaleWu.

9. sengi so Redu quTaqalÀ´ bahárCi l¶uhun c´vex kanwbon va c´vexgi ton

saral ber baÃzi bat¾mola. 10. kanwugi taboÃun seralÀ´ kaldigi x½o

Redu qva.

mela da yvavebimela da yvavebimela da yvavebimela da yvavebi

1. metad mSieri yvavebi mindorze trialebdnen. 2. melam egeni

dainaxa-ra Tovlze mkvdari ramis msgavsad dawva-ra gaCerda. 3. mkvdari

melas danaxvis dros yvavebs magisi xorcis dakortna moundaT, magram

misi SeeSindaT-ra mis axlos ar wavidnen. 4. mela gaunZrevlad gaCerda.

5. mSierma yvavebma gaZleba ver SeZles-ra cotaTi axlos movidnen. 6.

mag drosac mela ar gainZra. 7. erTi yvavi meliis axlos wavida-ra

kudze daakakuna. 8. mag dros mela ar gainZra. 9. Semdeg erTi yvavi

Zlier vaJkaci gamodga-ra win gadaxta da winac wavida-ra meliis

Tvalis amoTxra moindoma. 10. xtomiTac adga-ra melam pirSic

daiWira-ra yvavi SeWama.


ruyi rehinal rorJinal (//rorJin) Jalruyi rehinal rorJinal (//rorJin) Jalruyi rehinal rorJinal (//rorJin) Jalruyi rehinal rorJinal (//rorJin) Jal

Äanku, hélequ, ixvi, bati, indori, ciciri...

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Sinauri frinvelebi (“saxlSi myofi mfrinavi rameebi”)Sinauri frinvelebi (“saxlSi myofi mfrinavi rameebi”)Sinauri frinvelebi (“saxlSi myofi mfrinavi rameebi”)Sinauri frinvelebi (“saxlSi myofi mfrinavi rameebi”)

qaTami, mamali, ixvi, bati, indauri, cicari...


ruyi rehinal rorJinal Jalazul feÁdaruyi rehinal rorJinal Jalazul feÁdaruyi rehinal rorJinal Jalazul feÁdaruyi rehinal rorJinal Jalazul feÁda

1. hezul Äadamazibe Äemer feÁda bugu. 2. hezul han qvan. hezul

rasdasá biliS hubun. 3. hezul hóno Äadamazul Corxóbe feÁda bugeb

(//bugab) Jo bugu. 4. nil¶el¶ hel lÀíkalÀ´ x½ix½aralÀí hezgi nil¶ebe

Äemerab Jo t¾un. 5. t¾indal Äazu-wér bugeb (//bugab) mex´ (//mexálÀ´) hel

rol¶ tam x½ix½ Te‡ilÀí Äemer rak gurhín. 6. ix´dal xér qonu, xér to,

rol¶ va Äisínab ruh´WagoTi balahugi madar hubun.

Sinauri frinvelebis sargeblobaSinauri frinvelebis sargeblobaSinauri frinvelebis sargeblobaSinauri frinvelebis sargebloba

1. magaTi adamianebisaTvis bevri sargebloba aris. 2. magaT xorcs

Wamen, magaTi bumbulisagan baliSs akeTeben. 3. magaTi kvercxi adamianTa

sxeulisaTvis sargebelis mqone ram aris. 4. Cven egeni Tu kargad

SevinaxeT egenic Cven bevr rames gvaZleven. 5. zamTarSi Tovl-yinulis

dros egeni xorblis dayriT Tu ar Seinaxe metad codoebi xdebian. 6.

gazafxulze balaxis WamiT, balaxis wyvetiT, xorblisa da wvrili

suldgmulebis ZebniT kmayofildebian.


142

ÄalhÄalhÄalhÄalh ´́́́ulululul rorJinalrorJinalrorJinalrorJinal (//rorJin)(//rorJin)(//rorJin)(//rorJin) JalJalJalJal

wúm, ÃarCiRa (//Äanaku Ãamin Jo), yunyra, Redu, miqí, CarRedu, TelkaC

(//lastoCka), tavus´ hínw´...

gareuli frinvelebigareuli frinvelebigareuli frinvelebigareuli frinvelebi

arwivi, qori (// qaTmis mtacebeli ram), wero, yvavi, mtredi, kaWkaWi,

mercxali, farSevangi...


ÄalhÄalhÄalhÄalh ´́́́ulululul rorJinal JalazurorJinal JalazurorJinal JalazurorJinal Jalazul tl tl tl t¾¾¾¾indalindalindalindal mamamamaÄÄÄÄiSaiSaiSaiSaTTTT

1. t¾indal so TeÁfa rorJinal (//rorJinel) Jal bohrab baÃ

roleWgu xen (//xenab) baÃ tvan. 2. dara Ral ix´dilsáÄan wán, amma Ral

dara halbal Äidin rehin. 3. daba udebe bak hubunaru, hel dara

yenTinaru. 4. ix´dal Ral maÃ raWin, busen hubun tanWalgi raÃin. 5.

sogi rorJin Jalazgi xádax rax½oltvaral muhal, hóltvarab fiÃ va

sogi hidin jal riSú madar hubun, amma t¾indal hel Äemer rak gurhín

qus rehin va hálayTin.

143

gareuli frinvelebis zamTarSi cxovrebagareuli frinvelebis zamTarSi cxovrebagareuli frinvelebis zamTarSi cxovrebagareuli frinvelebis zamTarSi cxovreba

1. zamTarSi erTi gvareoba frinvelebisa civ mxareSi ver Zleben-ra

Tbil adgilas midian. 2. iq isini gazafxulamde Cerdebian, magram isini

iq stumrebis msgavsad arian xolme. 3. iq isini TavisTvis adgils

(“budes”) ar ikeTeben, egeni iq ar Soben. 4. gazafxulze isini ukan

modian, budes akeTeben-ra bartyebs Cekaven. 5. sxva frinvelebic Zirs

dacvenil marcvlebs, dampal xils da sxva aseT rameebs arCeven-ra

kmayofildebian, magram zamTarSi egeni metad sacodavad arian da

xdebian.


hhhh ´́́́anwanwanwanw ´́́́alalalal

1. bohrab t¾in bo‡a. 2. muÄrulgi ahálgi avlaÃalgi Äazud wó

bo‡o. 3. hánwál darax-lÀáx rex´tun udebe qvenZi Jo lahu bohán bola.

4. hánwázul so TeÁfa ah´madil nuwátaxgi tonu Äazu ÃirSú bohán

bola. 5. ah´madil anwgu son bara Áas bitinTil Ruzux lahu rak

yuriTbon. 6. sengi helÀ´ ruyis´ rol¶ ho Tol Ruzube tamri. 7. helgi

quTaqalÀ´ roxún Tol, rol¶gi qon Tol, tonon.

CitebiCitebiCitebiCitebi

1. civi zamTari iyo. 2. mTebi, baRebi da mindvrebi TovliT savse

iyo. 3. Citebi iqiT-aqeT ecemodnen-ra TavisTvis saWmelad rames eZebdnen.

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4. Citebis erTi gvareoba ahmadis ezoSic movida-ra Tovls CiCqnidnen. 5.

ahmadis aTi wlis gogom bitinTma (“fatimaTma”) maT Sexeda-ra Seecoda.

6. Semdeg magan saxlidan xorbali moitana-ra imaT dauyara. 7. magaT

Zlier gauxardaT-ra, xorbalic Wames-ra, wavidnen.


ixixixix ´́́́

1. ix´ wárab mex´ hava xenTizi baÁbix½in. 2. Äazu-wér bi‡un muÄrul

wíhílTin, Rutbi tehin, rorJin Jal udergu baÃ s´van. 3. ruyi rehinal

´́́́ háÁvanal muÄruztu bugab wíhílab xér qun Äorwin. 4. ix´ baÁbix½i

mex´ sordo-yo baS´dab behin. 5. sengi yo xálaTin, sordo nihínWTin.

gazafxuligazafxuligazafxuligazafxuli

1. gazafxulis dadgomis (“damdgar”) dros haeri gaTbobas iwyebs. 2.

Tovl-yinuli dneba-ra mTebi mwvandeba, xeebi yvavis, frinvelebi Tavis

mxareSi modian. 3. Sinauri cxovelebi mTebSi mwvane balaxis WamiT

ZRebian. 4. gazafxulis dawyebis dros Rame-dRe naxevari (“Tanabari”)

aris. 5. Semdeg dRe grZeldeba, Rame mokldeba (“pataravdeba”).


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xasluxasluxasluxaslu

1. xaslu baÁbix½in mex´ sordo-yo baS´Tin. 2. sengi sordo xálaTin,

yo nihínWTin. 3. xaslulÀ´ bohi behin. 4. teh, xér va tamah´ buyvaÁ

baÁbix½in. 5. sóleWeb fiÃ balÀí (//baTalÀí) Áa húrgi balÀí s´vid Wva

h´van. 6. xaslu s´varab mexálÀ´ Äemer rorJin Jal xenab baÃ tvan. 7.

xaslulÀ´ Äadamaz wórosárol¶, fiÃ, húr-xér – qinugu Jo bakarin va

rosul¶x hotvan. 8. húr bet¾u rol¶ va oÃ x½un. 9. xaslu s´varab mexálÀ´

Äadamaz muÄruzd(a) bugab qinugu hálti l¶uÄziboRzi quTaqalÀ´ Áah´

baÃin. 10. nagah Äazu ban. 11. dunÁal bohtvalÀí hez heb hálti hubu

behinaru mex´ hez heb fatu l¶uÄziboRin.

SemodgomaSemodgomaSemodgomaSemodgoma

1. Semodgomis dawyebis dros Rame-dRe naxevrdeba. 2. Semdeg Rame

grZeldeba, dRe pataravdeba (“mokldeba”). 3. SemodgomiT sicive aris xolme. 4.

yvavili, balaxi da foToli xmobas iwyebs. 5. umwifari xili Tu iqna an yana

Tu iqna TrTvili klavs-ra kvdeba. 6. Semodgomis mosvlis (“mosul”) dros

bevri frinveli Tbil mxareSi midis. 7. SemodgomiT adamianebi siminds, xils

balaxeuls (“yana-balaxs”) – yvelafers agroveben da sofelSi moaqvT. 8. yana

moxnes-ra xorbals da qers Tesaven. 9. Semodgomis mosvlis (“mosul”) dros

adamianebi mTebSi rac aris yvela saqmis damTavrebas Zlier Cqaroben. 10.

iSviaTad Tovli modis. 11. qveyana Tu gacivda egeni mag saqmis gakeTeba (rom)

ar SeiZleba egeni magas male amTavreben.


146

tttt¾¾¾¾inininin

1. t¾indal hava bohin, Äazu ban, lÀím wóron. 2. Äadamaz xenab

retel retin, ruyi Jan wa baqin, ruyi rehinal háÁvanal Äodo wán. 3.

Äalhúl háÁvan(a)zul so-so yutix raÄneWugu t¾eru wán. 4. t¾in wárab

yo yoÁazul bisúgu nihínWab yo bugu. 5. sengi yo xálaTu, sordo

nihínWTizi baÁbix½in.

zamTarizamTarizamTarizamTari

1. zamTarSi haeri civdeba, Tovli modis, wyali iyineba. 2. adamianebi

Tbil Tanisamoss icvamen, saxlis SigniT cecxls anTeben, Sinauri cxovelebi

gomurSi dganan. 3. gareul cxovelTagan zogi gareT ar gamodis-ra imaleba. 4.

zamTris mosvlis (“mosuli”) dRe dReebidan yvelaze patara dRe aris. 5.

Semdeg dRe grZeldeba-ra, Rame dapataravebas iwyebs.


tttt¾¾¾¾inininindal niJer hdal niJer hdal niJer hdal niJer h´́́́altialtialtialti

1. niJer ruyi unÄgu Ci vugu: dede, baba (// buba), dir Áac´gi dungi.

2. rohotu dede Äi-bowí kuWi tvan, bubad háÁvanaz(i)be xér tamin. 3.

niJel¶, Ãizanaz, Ruzube behrab qumeq hubun. 4. sengi babad roy raÄawín,

retel Curin, yad qvenjo hubuÁ baÁbix½in. 5. dungi Áac´gi Sqolaldax

147

wálzi tvan. 6. yasí dededgi babadgi ruyis´ Äisí-miyinab hálti hubun.

7. dil¶gi ÁacálÀ´gi Sqolalda wálrab dars´ hádur hubun.

zamTarSi Cveni muSaobazamTarSi Cveni muSaobazamTarSi Cveni muSaobazamTarSi Cveni muSaoba

1. Cvens saxlSi oTxi kaci aris: mama, deda, Cemi da da me. 2. diliT mama

cxvar-saqonlis garekvas iwyebs, deda cxovelebs balaxs uyris. 3. Cven,

bavSvebi, maT SesaZlo daxmarebas vuwevT. 4. Semdeg deda saxls asufTavebs,

tanisamoss recxavs, dRisiT saWmlis gakeTebas iwyebs. 5. me da da skolaSi

saswavlad mivdivarT. 6. saRamos mama da deda saxlis wvrilman saqmes

akeTeben. 7. me da da skolaSi naswavl gakveTils vamzadebT.


tttt¾¾¾¾indiÁlindiÁlindiÁlindiÁlÀ´À´À´Àíbe hibe hibe hibe h´́́́adurTiadurTiadurTiadurTi

1. t¾in s´vala, Äazu baÁ baÁbix½. 2. lÀím wóroÁ daha mex´ xútri. 3.

rohis´ wumJi wul yuraÄin. 4. hadin beheder dede Áibib yvelÀ´ wulaÃ

ton (//tvan). 5. lÀím wórorilÀí hobo s´verinaru. 6. heb Tader babad Äat

xénzi bak lahin. 7. niJel¶gi, Ãizanazgi, Ruzube qumeq hubun: 8. Äisín(a)

wul yutin, wórosárol¶ bawín va sogi Äisí-miyin hálti hubun.

zamTrisaTvis mzadebazamTrisaTvis mzadebazamTrisaTvis mzadebazamTrisaTvis mzadeba

1. zamTari movida, Tovlis mosvla daiwyo. 2. wylis gasayinad cota dro

darCa. 3. sicivisgan dasacavad SeSa gaxda saWiro. 4. ase radganac aris mama

148

yovel dRe SeSaze midis. 5. wyali Tu gaiyina wisqvili ar itrialebs. 6. eg

radganac icis deda fqvilis dafqvas Cqarobs. 7. Cvenc, bavSvebi, maT

daxmarebas vuwevT: 8. wvril SeSas vWriT, siminds vwmendT da sxva wvrilman

samuSaos vakeTebT.


roxroxroxrox½½½½oooo

1. so yvelÀ´ dun dedee sadaÃ rox½ox ton vo‡a. 2. deded daba wul

yuWi baÁbix½. 3. dungi das´dax lahu wá. 4. deded wul sadaÃ yuteWgu

t¾oro-t¾oros´ Äasú yutbohán bo‡a. 5. dil¶ Ras´ta hiyri: “dede, símin

dul¶ wul t¾oro-t¾oros´ baTa yutbohán?” 6. deded Javab t¾uri: “hab

dil¶ yutbohánab miqíl wul bugu. hab lÀíkalÀ´ rekin, halÀúl wagi

quTaqalÀ´ rekin”. 7. heb yvelÀ´ dida dedees´ Taman wulazul wáral

Tari. 8. sengi niJ ruyix raW.

tyeSityeSityeSityeSi

1. erT dRes me mamasTan erTadtyeSi wavedi-ra viyavi. 2. mamam iq SeSis Wra

daiwyo. 3. mec mas vuyurebdi-ra davdeqi. 4. mamam SeSa erTad ar daWra-ra

SigadaSig gamorCeviT Wrida. 5. me mas vkiTxe: “mama, risTvis Sen SeSas

SigadaSig toveb-ra Wri?” 6. mamam pasuxi momca: “es me rom vWri muxis SeSa

aris. es kargad iwvis (“ekideba”), amisi cecxlic Zlier ekideba”. 7. mag dRes me

mamisgan bevri SeSis saxelebi viswavle. 8. Semdeg Cven saxlSi movediT.


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roxroxroxrox½½½½oooo

1. so yvelÀ´ uSTelas´ niJet(a) bis: “meTer nil¶ rox½ox tvenZi x½an,

rohot fatu rehi-min”. 2. niJ roxún Ta va Ras´ bisara mex´ Sqolax tva.

3. ix´Til yvelÀ´, rohot mex´ rox½ox tva. 4. nuh´tva uSTelas´ niJet

bata-batal tuhduzul va xúrduzul wáral hiybohán bo‡o, niJet TaW

mexálÀ´ inelÀ´ mimohán bo‡o. 5. rox½ox s´va, so daha mex´ raÄun wól To

va húx½el baÃri. 6. sengi rox½o Janux lÀúhri. 7. lÀá uSTelas´ niJet

bata-batal Rotol wáral va hezul Äamal bis. 8. sengi niJel¶ Sqola

Wuh´ziboRzi Rotol ÄanW(a)lalgi tuhdulgi rakarri va rox½os´ yutix

raW. 9. maÁdanaldax raÃara mexálÀ´ so daha mex´ niJ hahri, sengi

rosul¶ix s´va.

tyeSityeSityeSityeSi

1. erT dRes maswavlebelma Cven gviTxra: “xval Cven tyeSi unda wavideT,

diliT adre modiTo”. 2. Cven gagvixarda da mis naTqvam dros skolaSi

wavediT. 3. gazafxulis dRes, diliT (“dila dros”) tyeSi wavediT. 4. gzaze

maswavlebeli Cven sxvadasxva yvavilebis da balaxebis saxelebs gvekiTxeboda,

Cven ar vicodiT im dros TviTon gveubneboda. 5. tyeSi movediT, erTi cota

dro gavCerdiT da davisveneT. 6. Semdeg tyis SigniT SevediT. 7. aq

maswavlebelma Cven sxvadasxva xeebis saxelebi da maTi buneba gviambo. 8.

Semdeg Cven skolis gasalamazeblad xis totebi da yvavilebi SevagroveT da

tyidan gareT gamovediT. 9. moedanze gamosvlis dros erTi cota dro Cven

viTamaSeT, Semdeg sofelSi movediT.


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ÄÄÄÄuuuuruÃruÃruÃruÃ

1. so yvelÀ´ niJ uSTel sadaÃ Äorux tva. 2. Äor rosul¶us´ so daha

rikánd bo‡a. 3. nuh´tva uSTelas´ niJet so versT Cam saJen behinTi

malÀ´ri. 4. Äurux s´var mex´ uSTelas´ (//uSTees´) niJet heb Äor qis´

baÄmohán, qan sólbohán malÀ´ri va helÀ´das´ rosul¶ feÁdabi bis. 5.

sengi hes´ bata-batal gamWal rex½zi roRri va hel qan bata-batal

behinTi bis. 6. heb yvelÀ´ uSTees´ niJet Camgi bata-batab Jo Tari. 7.

sengi niJel¶ ÄuruÃ cúÄa x½veÁ baÁbix½ va salamTal cúÄbigi x½o

rosul¶ix raW.

mdinaresTanmdinaresTanmdinaresTanmdinaresTan

1. erT dRes Cven maswavlebelTan erTad mdinareze wavediT. 2. mdinare

soflidan erTi cota Sors iyo. 3. gzaze maswavlebelma Cven erTi versi

ramdeni saJeni iqneba gvaswavla. 4. mdinareze mosvlis dros maswavlebelma

Cven eg mdinare saidan moedineba, rogor modis gvaswavla da magisgan

sofelSi sargeblobebi gviambo. 5. Semdeg magan sxvadasxva qvebi gvaCvena da

magaTi rogor sxvadasxvanairi myofoba gviambo. 6. mag dRes maswavleblisgan

Cven ramdeni sxvadasxva ram viswavleT. 7. Semdeg Cven mdinareSi Tevzis Wera

daviwyeT da sakmarisi Tevzebic daviWireT-ra sofelSi movediT.


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Sqolalda niJer hSqolalda niJer hSqolalda niJer hSqolalda niJer h ´́́́altialtialtialti

1. t¾indal Sqolalda Sqola bawád va xénTi wéljiboRJi

yuraÄarab qinugu hálti niJel¶ niJee t¾oro bit¾in bo‡o. 2. niJel¶ soz

húr bawín, svez (//soz) nuw´va l¶vana va sveJ feC baqzi wul yutin. 3.

Äazu bar(ab) mex´ niJel¶ qinuzgu sadaÃ SqolalÀúl nuw´vadasá Äazu

rexín. 4. hálti Äemer bolamin niJel¶ heb qinazgu sadaÃ hubun. 5.

Äisínal Ãizanal niJel¶ hálwi (//háltizi) taminaru, amma Ral niJ

háltin mex´ niJeex lahu va heb ruhunTizi Áah´ baÃin.

skolaSi Cveni muSaobaskolaSi Cveni muSaobaskolaSi Cveni muSaobaskolaSi Cveni muSaoba

1. zamTarSi skolaSi skolis sufTad da Tbilad dasayeneblad

saWiro yvela samuSaos Cven Cvens Soris viyofdiT. 2. Cven zogni mtvers

vwmendT, zogni ezos vgviT da zogni Rumelis dasanTebad SeSas vWriT.

3. Tovlis mosvlis (“mosul”) dros Cven yvelani erTad skolis ezodan

Tovls vyriT. 4. samuSao bevri Tumca aris Cven magas yvelfers erTad

vakeTebT. 5. patara (“wvril”) bavSvebs samuSaos ar vaZlevT, magram

isini Cveni muSaobis dros Cven gvicqerian da magis miCvevas cdiloben.


152

buba ÁuyarÁohbuba ÁuyarÁohbuba ÁuyarÁohbuba ÁuyarÁoh ´́́́anananan

Áunusgi siqinTgi Sqolaldas´ s´va. baba (//buba) ÁuyarÁohán Áex½u

siqinT Áoxún Ta: “buba, Áunus(i)be gurde buyu-es´ mun Áugu?” – “ ‡e,

Áunusibe hubu k´varsán dubegi qunTva buyin”.

deda keravsdeda keravsdeda keravsdeda keravs

Áunusi da siqinTi (“saqinaTi”) skolidan movidnen. 2. deda keravs rom

naxa siqinTs gauxarda: “deda, Áunuss perangs ukerav-ra Sen xar?” – “ho,

ÁunusisTvis gakeTebas movrCebi-ra Senc kabas Segikerav”.


hhhh ´́́́ede (//kudade)ede (//kudade)ede (//kudade)ede (//kudade)

héde, hál-WaÃi, bisun so Äix½iW! héde, dibe so sulu (//Sulu) hubi!

héde, dibe so Tufank hubi! – lÀík bugu, dir ÃiJanal, hab saÄat¾oro

qinugu Jo hubun; so dah mex´ Áah´ hubi!

papapapapapapapa

papa, janmrTeli iyav, miambe erTi zRapari! papa, me erTi salamuri

gamikeTe! papa, me erTi Tofi gamikeTe! – kargi, Cemo bavSvebo, axlave yvelafer

rames gavakeTeb; erTi cota dro moiTmineT.


153

maRazinmaRazinmaRazinmaRazin

niJel¶ niJer rosdul maRazins´ yuraÄarab Jo bosin. niJel¶ dabas´

naT, TuTun-Tambaqu, ruk´bi, kaz, boxíJal rosin, amma c´vex½ol

(//céx½ol) Äidin niJebe naT yuraÄnaru. hiJe niJer daba naTil raÃ Toq

bugu. Timirxangi biTirgi usTarJibi rugu.

maRaziamaRaziamaRaziamaRazia

Cven Cveni soflis maRaziidan saWiro rames vyidulobT. Cven iqidan navTs,

TuTun-Tambaqos, nemsebs, TavSals, fexsacmelebs vyidulobT, magram

adrindeliviT Cven navTi ar gvWirdeba. axla Cven iq navTis nacvlad (“mxares”)

deni gvaqvs. Temirxani da baTiri ostatebi arian.


Tarat raÁonTarat raÁonTarat raÁonTarat raÁon

1. Tarat raÁon azerbaÁJanazul, gurJiÁzul ÄorÃud bugu. 2. heb

bugu xéleedab muÄruzul raÁon. 3. Tarat rosul¶ Äemer Äorzul

bakal rugu. 4. Taratazul Äi t¾indal behé behin. 5. ÃuTanalda Ruzul

lÀíkal lÀádanab húrul rugu.

Tlaratis raioniTlaratis raioniTlaratis raioniTlaratis raioni

1. Tlaratis raioni azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos sazRvarze aris. 2. eg

aris maRalmTiani raioni. 3. Tlarata sofelSi bevri xevebiani adgilebi aris.

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4. Tlaratelebis cxvari zamTarSi barSi (“qvemoT”) arian xolme. 5. RuTanSi

maT kargi wyliani (“sarwyavi”) yanebi aqvT.


Sqolaldax tvenZi mexSqolaldax tvenZi mexSqolaldax tvenZi mexSqolaldax tvenZi mex´́́́ ssss´́́́vavavava

1. saÄaT ant¾gu tubari. 2. ta ÁoÃun, dir muyoy! 3. beter xe, ber-

kal Curi! 4. boxíJal bawád hubi! 5. lÀále, babad dube CaÁ hval Tol,

yaWa bon. 6. quna-yolo Tol, húdur Tol Áil¶a. 7. Sqolaldax qvatugu.

skolaSi wasasvlelad dro movidaskolaSi wasasvlelad dro movidaskolaSi wasasvlelad dro movidaskolaSi wasasvlelad dro movida

1. saaTi Svidi Sesrulda. 2. adeqi, Cemo kakabo! 3. Tavi daivarcxne, piri-

saxe (“Tval-piri”) daibane! 4. fexsacmelebi sufTad qeni! 5. ai, dedam Sen Cai

agiduRa-ra, mogimzada. 6. SeWam-dalev-ra, moemzadebi-ra wadi. 7. skolaSi ar

daigviano.


wa xwa xwa xwa x½½½½arab bakarab bakarab bakarab bak

1. so mex´ ruyuu tac´ WéÄerab k´vi s´va. 2. maÃ wa rokonu s´va. 3. wa

sin quTaqalÀ´ reka. 4. yutix ahí-húr bo‡u. 5. Äadamal reqeru raW. 6.

Äadamal lÀímgi x½o s´va, Cil gazgi Äes´gi x½o s´va. 7. wa fatu

155

sénjiboRri. 8. sTol, burTin, Tabgu skam, kigu dehin hóleWgu yutix

bos.

cecxlcecxlcecxlcecxl----gaCenili adgiligaCenili adgiligaCenili adgiligaCenili adgili

erTxel (“erT dros”) saxlis zemodan Savi kvamli amovida. 2. (mas) ukan

cecxli gamoCnda-ra movida. 3. cecxli Zlier moekida. 3. gareT yvirili iyo. 5.

adamianebi sirbiliT movidnen. 6. qalebma wyalic moitanes-ra movidnen,

kacebma weraqvi da bari moitanes-ra movidnen. 7. cecxli male Caaqres. 8.

magida, nabadi, sami skami, ori xaliCa ar gafuWda-ra gareT gamoitanes.


niJer SqolalniJer SqolalniJer SqolalniJer SqolalÀ´À´À´Àúl hul hul hul h´́́́uriuriuriuri

1. niJer SqolalÀúl húri fer, niJifer biJin. 2. ehin daba Äemer

qafusTa, famidor biJbon. 3. famidor bukarJi SqolalÀúl Ãizanal ton

ro‡a. 4. fer, qafusTa, famidor quni Jan(u)x Jubon.

Cveni skolis bostanSiCveni skolis bostanSiCveni skolis bostanSiCveni skolis bostanSi (“yanaSi”)(“yanaSi”)(“yanaSi”)(“yanaSi”)

1. Cveni skolis bostanSi (“yanaSi”) xaxvi, niori izrdeba. 2. wels iq

bevri kombosto, pomidori izrdeba. 3. pomidvris dasakrefad skolis bavSvebi

wavidnen-ra iyvnen. 4. xaxvs, kombostos, pomidors saWmlis SigniT ureven.


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ÃaÃab hveÃaÃab hveÃaÃab hveÃaÃab hve

1. kaldi rat¾agi x½o so hve t¾otas´(a) baÄamohán bola. 2. lÀúdul

Jan Áinel surT bex½bon helÀ´da. 3. lÀúdul Jan Áibe Äidin sogi hve

kaldi rat¾agi x½o bulamin x½a helÀ´da. 4. Áinex bo‡rab rat¾agi xadax

bexú, heb sveb rat¾a boszi kanwrila. 5. lÀúdul Jan helÀ´da rat¾agi

baTeWu, Áinex bo‡ras´gi bataTri.

xarbi ZaRlixarbi ZaRlixarbi ZaRlixarbi ZaRli

1. pirSi Zvalic eWira ra erTi ZaRli xidze gadadioda. 2. wylis SigniT

Tavisi suraTi (“gamosaxuleba”) dainaxa magan. 3. wylis SigniT Tavisi msgavsi

sxva ZaRli pirSi Zvlis WeriT ariso Turme egona magas. 4. TviTon rom hqonda

(“TavisTan namyofi”) Zvalic qvemoT daagdo-ra, mag erTi Zvlis asaRebad

gadaxta. 5. wylis SigniT magan Zvalic ver ipova, TviTon rom hqonda

(“namyofic”) dakarga (“gascilda”).


Ralbaw va serRalbaw va serRalbaw va serRalbaw va ser

1. Ralbaw hérTri. helÀ´da Äalhúl háÁvanazibe Canax tome heWu va

helÀ´ hílla hubu Äumru hubuÁ yas´ x½ala. 2. heb unTra Äidin begun

wólbon noÃo Jan. 3. háÁvanal helÀ´de tax raÄanZi l¶uhnon, amma Ruzul

soÄagi maÃ sóleWu. 4. háÁvanal Jan(u)x l¶uhrab – Sínab RalbawalÀ´

qvanbola. 5. so mex´ ser sól Tol, noÃol kaltagi wólu Ralbawda

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hiybon: “síb hál bugu?” 6. RalbawalÀ´ mimon:. “mah´ lÀíka hál Te‡u,

síbe mun di as´gu baÄmohńaru?” 7. seralÀ´ mimon: “Janux s´varal sátal

(//Sátal) Äemer rugu, amma soÄagi yutix baÄmohńaru.

mela da lomimela da lomimela da lomimela da lomi

1. lomi daberda. magan gareul cxovelebze sanadirod wasvla ver

SeZlo da magan cbierebis keTebiT cxovreba ganizraxa. 2. eg avadmyofis

msgavsad dawva-ra gaCerda gamoqvabulis SigniT. 3. cxovelebma masTan mosvla

iwyes, magram maTgan erTi mainc ukan ar movida (“ar gamobrunda”). 4.

cxovelebs SigniT Sesuls – yvelas lomi Wamda Turme. 5. erTxel (“erT

dros”) mela movida-ra, gamoqvabulis zRurblze dadga ra loms hkiTxa:

“rogor xar (“ra jani gaqvs”)? lomma uTxra: “odnav (“suniTac”) kargi jani ar

aris, risTvis Sen Cems axlos ar modixar?” 7. melam uTxra: “SigniT

Semosuli kvali bevri aris, magram erTi mainc gareT ar gamodis.


unTra babaunTra babaunTra babaunTra baba

1. saraTilgi xalidilgi baba (//buba) unTu x½a. 2. tuxturas´

RulÀúbe darma Ãvabon va Áegun Áo‡un-min TaÁ BboRbon. 3. saraTgi

xalidgi urRunon: qvenjo lÀíd hubun, wa lÀíd baqin hiJe? 4. baba unTeW

mex´ huburab qinugu Jo udel¶ hubuÁ yuti holbon Ruzul. 5. xalidid

rohot ta voÃun Tol wul yutri va lÀímgi bosun húdurgu Turi. 6.

saraTid qvenjo huburi, xalidid unTra bababe qumeq huburi. 7. baba

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saRTizi l¶uhri, amma Ãizanaz Äemer hálwi Áicínaru: “baba, dul¶ so

daha mex´ x½i baÃi, niJel¶ hubun qinugu Jo”.

avadmyofi dedaavadmyofi dedaavadmyofi dedaavadmyofi deda

1. saraTis da xalidis deda avad gaxda. 2. eqimma mas wamali gamouwera

da iweqio aswavla. 3. saraTi da xalidi daRondnen: saWmels vin gaakeTebs,

cecxls vin daanTebs axla? 4. deda avad rom ar iyo im dros gakeTebuli

yvelafris gakeTeba TviTon gakeTeba gadawyvites magaT. 5. xalidi dilit

adga-ra SeSa daWra da wyali moitana-ra daamzada. 6. saraTma saWmeli gaakeTa,

xalidma avadmyof dedas daxmareba gauwia. 7. dedam gamojanmrTeleba daiwyo,

magram bavSvebi bevr muSaobas ar anebeben: “deda, Sen cota xans daisvene, Cven

gavakeTebT yvelafers”.


andazebiandazebiandazebiandazebi

godekanu guru, raRda Tana bahárCi.

– godekanze (safixvnoze) ara, omSi icnoba vaJkaci.

Ãanjar wulal behrilÀí Äuna, rak muxúl behrilÀí.

– xanjali SeSis Tu aris kmara, guli rkinis Tu aris.

ÃulCenul zah´TilTasá yalmil Tamah´Ti behrana.

– xmlis simagres kalmis sirbile amarcxebs.

bahárCi t¾alda hóna, háliháT buken hóna.

159

– vaJkaci omSi kvdeba, laCari loginSi kvdeba.

kiwin Ci húnaru.

– orjer kaci ar kvdeba.

Cugi WvaWugu, Cigi WvaWugu Ãala baÃinaru.

– kaci Tu ar mokvda, cxeni Tu ar mokvda cixe ar aiReba.

ÃulCenalÀ´da gurhél Te‡u, gullida beral Te‡u.

– xmals sibraluli ara aqvs, tyvias Tvalebi ara aqvs.

gullada háJimurad Tanaru.

– tyviam hajimuradi ar icis.

RalbawalÀ´ maÃ wóqo baTana, CiÁas´ wár baTana.

– lomi ukan tyavs tovebs, kaci saxels tovebs.

Cu ril¶ineTalahu Tana, Ci raÄadusá´ Tana.

– cxeni sirbiliT icnoba, kaci sityviT icnoba.

lÀíka CiÁasíbe so raÄi, lÀíkab Cobe so wála.

– karg kacs erTi sityva, karg cxens erTi maTraxi.

gullid so Ci Wvana, muwéd nusgu Ci Wvana.

– tyvia erT kacs klavs, ena as kacs klavs.

so CiÁsúl bo Äunaru, so gimWil hen Äunaru.

– erTi kacisgan jari ar izrdeba, erTi qvisgan koSki ar izrdeba.

hudul nusgugi daha, TuSman sogi Äemera.

– megobari asic cotaa, mteri erTic bevria.

160

hudulasásá vixun, TuSmanasásá vixnugi.

– megobris geSinodes, mtrisa nu geSinia.

rosul¶ hudul huvi, nuh´ta halmaR hve.

– sofelSi megobari iyolie, gzaze amxanagi daiWire.

beterhanas´da asgu hvedasá geTugi berhena.

– patronTan axlos ZaRls katac amarcxebs.

ruyul kalta hélequgi baRana.

– saxlis zRurblTan mamalic ibrZvis.

háltaras´ta Tana hánkazul taÄam.

– mSromelma icis xinklis gemo.

nagi totgi sadaÃ háltinaru.

– futkari da buzi erTad ar muSaoben.

bowúÃ Äumru biCnugi, CuduÃ namus biCnugi.

– qonebisaTvis sicocxles nu gayidi, purisTvis namuss nu gayidi.

mungi xan, dungi xan – Cobe xér lÀíd tamena?

– Senc xani, mec xani – cxens balaxs vin dauyris?

berTal¶ix tvalÀígi misqinCiÁsíbe hálti.

– qorwilSic Tu wavida sawyali kacisaTvis muSaobaa.

ri‡idal burux½ bex½ra, t¾indal ÄarSidasá vixana.

– zafxulSi gvelis mnaxvels zamTarSi Tokisac eSinia.

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beter balÀí tuRur qaminaru, hébeT balÀí rux½en qaminaru.

– Tavi Tu aris qudi ar daileva, Sarvali Tu aris qamari ar daileva.

busárab hórsól bitrab ras´dak behinaru.

– mrudi joxisgan swori Crdili ar iqneba.

mesed t¾vid qunaru.

– oqros Jangi ar Wams.

so qveldud ÃaT t¾apinaru.

– erTi xeliT taSs ar ukraven.

burx½il ÄaJdah hubugi.

– gvels urCxulad nu aqcev.

vatan Te‡a Ci – Ced Te‡ab Tarfa.

– samSoblos armqone kaci – puris uqoneli tomara.

vatan wunu h´vara Ci hábal¶ Wagu vehina.

– samSoblos damcveli kaci saflavSi cocxali aris xolme.

Áa Äarsul Tarfa wuna, Áa salud gongvara wuna.

– an fuliT tomara ivseba, an qviSiT Tavis qala ivseba.

nadirSahasúl boÁal quTaqal, Cavxenal huruÁ maÄarulal wayal.

– nadirSahis jarebi Zlieria, TavdasxmaSi xunZebi Zlierebi arian.

zalumxan ibrahimovi (1941 w. dab., toxi)

162

leqsikonileqsikonileqsikonileqsikoni

aaaa

avadanTi avadanTi avadanTi avadanTi “mxiaruleba” (lit.

avadanlÀi).

azargu azargu azargu azargu (tox.), aJarguaJarguaJarguaJargu (Wad.)

“aTasi” (lit. azargo).

alalalal¶¶¶¶xum xum xum xum “orSabaTi” (lit. iTni).

aniSaniSaniSaniS ´́́́ “survili”, “natvra”.

anlanlanlanl¶¶¶¶gugugugu “eqvsi”.

anlanlanlanl¶¶¶¶nusgunusgunusgunusgu (tox.), anlanlanlanl¶¶¶¶nuSgunuSgunuSgunuSgu (Wad.)

“eqvsasi”.

antantantant¾¾¾¾ “kvira”.

antantantant¾¾¾¾gugugugu “Svidi” (lit. ant¾go).

anCxlianCxlianCxlianCxli “avi, kapasi, anCxli”.

anwguanwguanwguanwgu (tox.), anWguanWguanWguanWgu (Wad.) “aTi”

(lit. anwgo).

anwit(a) anwit(a) anwit(a) anwit(a) – fuZe, romelic awarmo-

ebs ricxviT saxelebs aTidan

ocamde: anwita soanwita soanwita soanwita so “TerTmeti”,

anwit(a) kiguanwit(a) kiguanwit(a) kiguanwit(a) kigu “Tormeti”, aaaanwit(a)nwit(a)nwit(a)nwit(a)

Tabgu Tabgu Tabgu Tabgu “cameti”... anwit(a) antanwit(a) antanwit(a) antanwit(a) ant¾¾¾¾gugugugu

“Cvidmeti”, anwit(a) mit¾gu “Tvra-

meti”, anwit(a) iWguanwit(a) iWguanwit(a) iWguanwit(a) iWgu “cxrameti”

(lit. anwila); Sdr. enwit(a).enwit(a).enwit(a).enwit(a).

asguasguasguasgu (tox.), aSguaSguaSguaSgu (Wad.) “axlos”

(lit. asko-b).

atatatat¾¾¾¾ahziahziahziahzi (tox.), atatatat¾¾¾¾ahJiahJiahJiahJi (Wad.)

“cekva”, masd. atatatat¾¾¾¾ahiahiahiahi (lit.

t¾urdize).

axiraxiraxiraxir “bolo”.

ahahahah ´́́́ “baRi” (lit. ax).

ahahahah ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), ahahahah ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.) “daZa-

xeba”, “mRera”; nam. ahahahah ´́́́riririri, masd.ah´i

(lit. ah´ize).

ahahahah ´́́́iÃaniÃaniÃaniÃan “mebaRe”.

bbbb

babababababababa “deda”, erg. babadbabadbabadbabad

(lit. ebel), Sdr. bubabubabubabuba.

babalvacbabalvacbabalvacbabalvac´ ´ ´ ´ “biZa dedis mxridan,

dedis Zma”; Sdr. balvacbalvacbalvacbalvac ´́́́....

babalÁacbabalÁacbabalÁacbabalÁac ´́́́ “deida”, Sdr. balÁacbalÁacbalÁacbalÁac´.´.´.´.

bad bugabbad bugabbad bugabbad bugab “basri”.

bazar yobazar yobazar yobazar yo “kvira” (lit. hatan yo).

bazibazibazibazi “dayra”, nam. baribaribaribari (lit.

baze).

bazibazibazibazi (tox.), baJibaJibaJibaJi (Wad.) “Seneba”

(lit. baze).

163

baTgubaTgubaTgubaTgu “malulad” (lit. balÀgo).

bbbb----aTaziaTaziaTaziaTazi (tox.), bbbb----aTaJiaTaJiaTaJiaTaJi (Wad.)

“datoveba” (lit. Teze).

bbbb----aTziaTziaTziaTzi (tox.), bbbb----aTJi aTJi aTJi aTJi (Wad.)

“povna”, “naxva risame” (lit. b-

aTize).

baÁbixbaÁbixbaÁbixbaÁbix½½½½zizizizi (tox.), baÁbixbaÁbixbaÁbixbaÁbix½½½½Ji Ji Ji Ji (Wad.)

“dawyeba”, nam. baÁbix½(a) (lit.

baÁbix½ize).

baÁbixbaÁbixbaÁbixbaÁbix½½½½iiii “dasawyisi”.

bakbakbakbak “adgili”, “skami”, “dasajdomi

rame”.

bakabbakabbakabbakab “mZime”.

bakarbakarbakarbakarzizizizi (tox.), bakarJibakarJibakarJibakarJi (Wad.),

“Sekreba”, “mogroveba”, nam.

bakarri, masd. bakari (lit.

bakarize).

rize).

bakTibakTibakTibakTi “simZime”, “wona” (lit.

baklÀi).

bakTizibakTizibakTizibakTizi (tox.), bakTiJibakTiJibakTiJibakTiJi (Wad.)

“damZimeba” (lit. baklÀize).

bakcbakcbakcbakc ´́́́aaaa “mZimed” (lit. bakgo).

balvacbalvacbalvacbalvac ´́́́ “biZa dedis mxridan,

dedis Zma”; Sdr. babalvacbabalvacbabalvacbabalvac´.´.´.´.

balÁacbalÁacbalÁacbalÁac´ ´ ´ ´ “deida”,,,, Sdr. babalÁacbabalÁacbabalÁacbabalÁac´.´.´.´.

baraxCiJi baraxCiJi baraxCiJi baraxCiJi “dananeba” (lit.

baraxS´ize).

barqalabarqalabarqalabarqala “madloba”, (lit.

balÀgo).

bbbb----asasasas ´́́́ilailailaila----b b b b “naxevari” (Wad.) (lit.

b-aS´ada-b), Sdr. bbbb----aSaSaSaS ´́́́dabdabdabdab.

bbbb----ataTzi ataTzi ataTzi ataTzi (tox.), bbbb----ataTJiataTJiataTJiataTJi (Wad.)

“dacileba, moSoreba”, bbbb----ataTriataTriataTriataTri,

masd. bataTi bataTi bataTi bataTi (lit. b-atalÀize).

batibatibatibati “bati”.

batbatbatbat¾¾¾¾ “nawlavi”.

bbbb----atatatat¾¾¾¾zizizizi (tox.), bbbb----atatatat¾¾¾¾JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“yvareba” (lit. b-ot¾ize).

batbatbatbat¾¾¾¾unlunlunlunl¶¶¶¶ “SuaSi, Soris” (lit.

bat¾ul¶).

bbbb----aRarziaRarziaRarziaRarzi, (tox.), bbbb----aRarJiaRarJiaRarJiaRarJi

“ganZreva”, nam. bbbb----aRarriaRarriaRarriaRarri, masd.

bbbb----aRariaRariaRariaRari (lit. b-aRar-ize).

bbbb----aRziaRziaRziaRzi (tox.), bbbb----aRJiaRJiaRJiaRJi (Wad.)

“Cxubi”, “brZola” (lit. b-aRize).

baybaybaybay “mze”, erg. buyud, naT. buyul.

bayan bayan bayan bayan “musika, melodia”.

164

baybaqbaybaqbaybaqbaybaq ´́́́ulaÃulaÃulaÃulaÃ “aRmosavleTi” (lit.

baybaqí).

baybordu baybordu baybordu baybordu “saRamos” (lit.

relÀeda).

bbbb----ayziayziayziayzi (tox.), baybaybaybayJiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“moSieba’ (lit. bayize).

bbbb----ayraayraayraayra----bbbb “mSieri” (lit. b-ayara-b).

bayterxbayterxbayterxbayterx½½½½ulaÃulaÃulaÃulaÃ “dasavleTi” (lit.

bayterx½).

bbbb----aSaSaSaS ´́́́dadadada----bbbb (tox.) (lit. b-aSáda-b),

Sdr. bbbb----asasasas ´́́́ilailailaila----bbbb.

baCbaCbaCbaC “maCvi” (lit. bat¾uC).

bbbb----aCanaaCanaaCanaaCana – meSveli zmna, romelic

awarmoebs awmyo-konkretulis

formebs namyos absolutivis

formebze darTviT; mag., hubu-

baCana

“akeTebs”(ammomentSi).damoukidebe

li mniSvneloba ara aqvs; Sdr. bbbb----

ohohohoh ´́́́ana.ana.ana.ana.

bbbb----aCzi aCzi aCzi aCzi (tox.), bbbb----aCJi aCJi aCJi aCJi (Wad.)

“tareba”, “mitana”, “miyvana”

(lit. b-aCine).

baCbaCbaCbaC ´́́́anzianzianzianzi “tareba” (lit. baCíze).

bawbawbawbaw (tox.), baWbaWbaWbaW (Wad.) “mgeli”.

bawbawbawbaw ´́́́aaaa “sulmTlad”.

bawbawbawbaw ´́́́ad ad ad ad “sufTa”.

bawbawbawbaw ´́́́adaadaadaada----bbbb “sufTa”.

bawbawbawbaw ´́́́TiTiTiTi “sisufTave” (lit.

rawálÀi).

bawbawbawbaw ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), bawbawbawbaw ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)“wmenda”,

“gasufTaveba” (lit. b-awíne).

bahJibahJibahJibahJi “gaReba” (lit. rahize).

bahbahbahbah ´́́́aziaziaziazi (tox.), bahbahbahbah ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“dakideba”

(lit. baze).

bahbahbahbah ´́́́azi azi azi azi “daketva” (lit. raxaze)

bahbahbahbah ´́́́araaraaraara “nefe” (lit. bahára-v).

bahbahbahbah ´́́́areareareare “patarZali” (lit.

baháraÁ), Sdr. wiÁ bahwiÁ bahwiÁ bahwiÁ bah ´́́́araÁaraÁaraÁaraÁ.

bahbahbahbah ´́́́arCiarCiarCiarCi “vaJkaci”.

bahbahbahbah ´́́́arCiTiarCiTiarCiTiarCiTi “vaJkacoba” (lit.

bahárCilÀi).

bahbahbahbah ´́́́lililili “mawanwala ZaRli” (lit.

bah´ri).

bbbb----aÃziaÃziaÃziaÃzi (tox.), bbbb----aÃJiaÃJiaÃJiaÃJi (Wad.)

“asvla” (lit. b-aÃine).

baÄanikbaÄanikbaÄanikbaÄanik “girCa” (lit. baÄaC).

baÄarabbaÄarabbaÄarabbaÄarab “wiTeli”.

165

baÄarzibaÄarzibaÄarzibaÄarzi (tox.), baÄarJibaÄarJibaÄarJibaÄarJi (Wad.)

“gacxeleba”, nam. baÄarri (lit.

baÄarize).

baÄarTibaÄarTibaÄarTibaÄarTi “siwiTle” (lit.

baÄarlÀi).

baÄarTizibaÄarTizibaÄarTizibaÄarTizi (tox.), baÄarTiJibaÄarTiJibaÄarTiJibaÄarTiJi (Wad.)

“gawiTleba” (lit. baÄarlÀize).

baÄaZibaÄaZibaÄaZibaÄaZi (tox.), baÄajibaÄajibaÄajibaÄaji (Wad.)

“bRavili

(cxvrisa)”.

baÄlibaÄlibaÄlibaÄli “bali”.

bbbb----egziegziegziegzi (tox.), bbbb----egJiegJiegJiegJi

(Wad.)“dawola”,

nam. b-ega, masd. begi (lit. b-

egize).

beTaraxbeTaraxbeTaraxbeTarax½½½½ “mawoni”.

beTel hubuÁbeTel hubuÁbeTel hubuÁbeTel hubuÁ “dakodva” (lit.

balÀ habize).

beTzibeTzibeTzibeTzi (tox.), beTJibeTJibeTJibeTJi (Wad.)

“xarSva” (lit. belÀine).

beTin beTin beTin beTin “qorwili” (lit. berTin).

beJaÁbeJaÁbeJaÁbeJaÁ “qvisli” (lit. baJa).

beJzibeJzibeJzibeJzi (tox.), beJJibeJJibeJJibeJJi (Wad.) “Sewva”

(lit. beJize).

beJrabbeJrabbeJrabbeJrab “Semwvari”.

berberberber “Tvali”, mr. beralberalberalberal.

bersinabersinabersinabersina----bbbb (tox.), berSinaberSinaberSinaberSina----bbbb (Wad.)

“lamazi” (lit. bercina-b).

berhinTiberhinTiberhinTiberhinTi “gamarjveba”,

“warmateba”

(lit. berhenlÀi).

besreebbesreebbesreebbesreeb “Zveli” (lit. basriÁab).

beterbeterbeterbeter “Tavi”.

beterhanCibeterhanCibeterhanCibeterhanCi “patroni”,

“maspinZeli”.

beter hbeter hbeter hbeter h ´́́́vilravilravilravilra “meloti”.

bbbb----etzietzietzietzi (tox.), bbbb----etJietJietJietJi (Wad.)

“motyueba” (lit. guq´ize).

betbetbetbet¾¾¾¾zizizizi (tox.), betbetbetbet¾¾¾¾JiJiJiJi (Wad.) “xvna”,

“Tesva”; nam. bet¾ri, masd. bet¾i

(lit. bet¾ize).

beqzibeqzibeqzibeqzi (tox.), beqJibeqJibeqJibeqJi (Wad.), nam.

beqabeqabeqabeqa”gatexa”, beqtvabeqtvabeqtvabeqtva “gatyda”

(lit. beqize).

bbbb----eqerzieqerzieqerzieqerzi (tox.), bbbb----eqerJieqerJieqerJieqerJi

(Wad.)“rbena”

(lit. beqerize).

beCedabeCedabeCedabeCeda----b b b b “mdidari”.

beCeTzibeCeTzibeCeTzibeCeTzi (tox.), beCeTJibeCeTJibeCeTJibeCeTJi

“gamdidreba” (lit. beCelÀize).

beCbeCbeCbeC ´́́́arabarabarabarab “sveli” (lit. biC´arab).

166

bbbb----eCeCeCeC ´́́́eziezieziezi (tox.), becbecbecbec ´́́́eÁeÁeÁeÁ (Wad.)

“gaSveba”

(lit. b-iCáze).

becbecbecbec ´́́́aaaa----bbbb “brma”.

becbecbecbec ´́́́ab Äunkab Äunkab Äunkab Äunk ´́́́ “Txunela”.

becbecbecbec ´́́́ekzi ekzi ekzi ekzi “mofereba” (lit.

re‡edize).

becbecbecbec ´́́́ekiekiekieki “alersi” (lit. re‡edi).

becbecbecbec ´́́́eruzeruzeruzeruz “bu”.

becbecbecbec ´́́́TiziTiziTiziTizi(tox.),becbecbecbec ´́́́TiJiTiJiTiJiTiJi(Wad.)“dabr

maveba”.

becbecbecbec ´́́́TilTilTilTil“oboli”,“mSoblis

nacvali”;

bec´Til vas “oboli biWi” (an

“geri”), bec´Til baba

“dedinacvali” (lit.

besdal//bestal).

bewTibewTibewTibewTi “sibnele” (lit. bewlÀi).

bewTizibewTizibewTizibewTizi “dabneleba”(lit.

bewlÀize).

beWbeWbeWbeW ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), bewbewbewbew ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.) “wvela”

(lit. beWíze).

bextvenjibextvenjibextvenjibextvenji “dacema, davardna”,

nam. bextvabextvabextvabextva (lit. b-orTize).

bexbexbexbex½½½½erererer “penis”.

bexbexbexbex½½½½ziboRinab giliSziboRinab giliSziboRinab giliSziboRinab giliS ´́́́

“saCvenebeli TiTi”.

bbbb----exexexex½½½½zizizizi (tox.), bbbb----exexexex½½½½JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“danaxva” (lit. b-ix½ize).

behzibehzibehzibehzi (tox.), behJibehJibehJibehJi (Wad.)

“gamarjveba”(lit. berhine).

bbbb----ehziehziehziehzi (tox.), bbbb----ehJiehJiehJiehJi (Wad.)“yofna”

(lit. bukine).

bbbb----ehziehziehziehzi “mosvla” (lit.b-aWine).

behbehbehbeh ´́́́eeee “qveviT”.

behbehbehbeh ´́́́eraÃeraÃeraÃeraÃ “daRmarTi” (lit.

exémuÃ).

behbehbehbeh ´́́́SeSeSeSe “xbo” (lit. beCe).

bebebebe‡‡‡‡enTienTienTienTi “qoni” (lit. be‡enlÀi).

bibibibi “sisxli”.

biliSbiliSbiliSbiliS “baliSi” (lit. yandalÀo).

bbbb----iJziiJziiJziiJzi (tox.), bbbb----iJJiiJJiiJJiiJJi (Wad.) “zrda”

(lit. b-iJize).

bisbisbisbis “jixvi”.

bisbisbisbis ´́́́zizizizi “arCeva” (lit. biSíze).

bbbb----iiiitzitzitzitzi (tox.), bbbb----itJiitJiitJiitJi (Wad.)

“gagzavna” (lit. b-itize).

167

bitrabitrabitrabitra----bbbb “swori”, “marTali”

(lit. bitara-b).

biRzibiRzibiRzibiRzi (tox.), biRJibiRJibiRJibiRJi

(Wad.)“Camokideba’

(lit. biRize).

bicbicbicbic ´́́́aTziaTziaTziaTzi (tox.), bicbicbicbic ´́́́aTJiaTJiaTJiaTJi (Wad.)

“gasuqeba” (lit. bicálÀize).

biSbiSbiSbiS ´́́́uguuguuguugu //biSbiSbiSbiS ´́́́uuuu (tox.), bisbisbisbis ´́́́uguuguuguugu

//bisbisbisbis ´́́́uuuu (Wad.) “metad, ufro”,

biSúgu lÀíkab

“ufro kargi” (lit. biSúngo).

biyzibiyzibiyzibiyzi (tox.), biyJibiyJibiyJibiyJi (Wad.)

“moparva” ze).

(lit. biyize).

buyvazibuyvazibuyvazibuyvazi (tox.), buyvaJibuyvaJibuyvaJibuyvaJi

biCzibiCzibiCzibiCzi (tox.), biCJibiCJibiCJibiCJi (Wad.) “gayidva”

(lit. biCize).

biWbiWbiWbiW ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), biwbiwbiwbiw ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“gageba” (lit. biWíze).

bixbixbixbix ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), bixbixbixbix ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“dangreva”, nam. bixbixbixbix ´́́́aaaa (lit.

bixíze).

bbbb----ixixixix ´́́́zizizizi “SeSineba” (lit. hínyize).

bixbixbixbix½½½½inainainaina----bbbb “xvadi”, “mamri”.

bixbixbixbix½½½½inCiinCiinCiinCi “qmari” (lit. ros´).

bixbixbixbix½½½½inCiÁsinCiÁsinCiÁsinCiÁs ´́́́(u)x tvenZi (u)x tvenZi (u)x tvenZi (u)x tvenZi “gaTxoveba”

(lit. rosás´de ine).

bixbixbixbix½½½½inCiÁsinCiÁsinCiÁsinCiÁs ´́́́(u)x toneWa Áa(u)x toneWa Áa(u)x toneWa Áa(u)x toneWa Áas s s s

“gasaTxovari gogo”.

bicbicbicbic ´́́́aTaaTaaTaaTa----bbbb “sqeli”.

bbbb----ihihihih ´́́́zizizizi “Zuleba, zizRi” (lit.

rixine).

bibibibi‡‡‡‡zizizizi (tox.), bibibibi‡‡‡‡JiJiJiJi (Wad.) “dnoba”

(lit. bi‡ine).

boToboToboToboTo “kibe” (lit. bolÀo).

boJziboJziboJziboJzi (tox.), boJJiboJJiboJJiboJJi (Wad.)

“dajereba”, “rwmen”; masd. boJiboJiboJiboJi

(lit. boJize).

boJziboJziboJziboJzi (tox.), boJJiboJJiboJJiboJJi (Wad.) “frena”

(lit. borJine).

boJiTiboJiTiboJiTiboJiTi “ndoba” (lit. boJilÀi).

bortbortbortbort¾¾¾¾iiii “sicxe” (lit. baÄari).

boszi boszi boszi boszi (tox.), boSJiboSJiboSJiboSJi // boSSiboSSiboSSiboSSi

(Wad.) “aReba”, “yidva” (lit.

bosize).

bbbb----oRzioRzioRzioRzi (tox.), bbbb----oRJioRJioRJioRJi (Wad.)

“brZaneba”, nam. boRri, masd. boRi

(lit. buÁurize).

bowbowbowbow ´́́́iiii “saqoneli”.

bowbowbowbow¾¾¾¾uljouljouljouljo“cxvari”(lit.

ÄiÁalÀáJo).

boxboxboxbox ´́́́ “fexi”, mr. boxboxboxbox´́́́bilbilbilbil.

168

bbbb----oxoxoxox ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), bbbb----oxoxoxox ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“gaxareba” (lit. b-oxíze).

boxboxboxbox ´́́́il kowil kowil kowil kow ´́́́ “koWi”.

boÃJiboÃJiboÃJiboÃJi “Txra” (lit. buÃize).

bukunbukunbukunbukun “kuTxe” (lit. bokon).

busenbusenbusenbusen “bude”, “bunagi”.

buyvazibuyvazibuyvazibuyvazi (tox.), buyvaJi buyvaJi buyvaJi buyvaJi (Wad.)

“gaxmoba,gaSroba”,masd. buyvaÁ

(lit. bayvaze).

buyvarabbuyvarabbuyvarabbuyvarab “xmeli, mSrali” (lit.

bayvarab).

bbbb----uyziuyziuyziuyzi “damarxva”, “Cafvla” (lit.

b-uyize).

buyul unTibuyul unTibuyul unTibuyul unTi “malaria,cieb-

cxeleba” (lit. bayul unTi).

buWzbuWzbuWzbuWziiii (tox.), buWJibuWJibuWJibuWJi (Wad)“Wknoba”

(lit. beWaze).

buhunbuhunbuhunbuhun “beWi”.

buÃuÃbuÃuÃbuÃuÃbuÃuÃ “halvis erT-erTi saxeoba”

(lit.baÃuÃ).

bubabubabubabuba “deda”, erg. bubadbubadbubadbubad, naT.

bubalbubalbubalbubal; Sdr. babababababababa.

buTabuTabuTabuTa “Sveli” (lit. baÄnas).

buTonbuTonbuTonbuTon “Rori”.

bulbulbulbulbulbulbulbul “bulbuli”.

burtingiliSburtingiliSburtingiliSburtingiliS ´́́́ “cera TiTi”.

buruxburuxburuxburux½½½½ “gveli”.

bbbb----usususus ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), bbbb----usususus ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“dabruneba” (lit. b-usíne).

gggg

gamaW gamaW gamaW gamaW “qva”.

ganJganJganJganJ “eSvi” (lit. goJo).

garwgarwgarwgarw ´́́́ “WriWina”.

geTu geTu geTu geTu “kata” (lit. qeTo).

genigenigenigeni “msxali”.

geniÄeCgeniÄeCgeniÄeCgeniÄeC “xili” (lit. fiÃ).

gveSagveSagveSagveSa----bbbb “cudi” (lit. qveSa-b).

gigugigugigugigu “guguli” (lit. gagu).

giTilmaRagiTilmaRagiTilmaRagiTilmaRa “laqaSi”.

giTilxgiTilxgiTilxgiTilx ´́́́erererer “katabalaxa”

(lit. qaTixér).

giliSgiliSgiliSgiliS ´́́́ “TiTi” (lit. qiliS´).

gozgozgozgoz “krazana, kela”.

gongvaragongvaragongvaragongvara “Tavis qala” (lit.

gvangvara).

169

goJogoJogoJogoJo “niskarti” (lit. gozo).

gorsgorsgorsgors ´́́́uuuu “fanjara” (lit. gordo).

goCorgoCorgoCorgoCor “qoCori” (lit. Ralaqo).

gogogogohabhabhabhab “tkbili” (lit. hu‡inab).

guburguburguburgubur “kiseri” (lit. gabur).

gumusgumusgumusgumus ´́́́ “kameCi” (Wad.), naT.

gimsíl.

gumuSgumuSgumuSgumuS ´́́́ “kameCi” (tox.), naT.

gimSíl.

gurginabgurginabgurginabgurginab “mrgvali”.

gerdemgerdemgerdemgerdem “fuRuro” (lit. gvadar).

gurhgurhgurhgurh ´́́́JiJiJiJi “Secodeba, Sebraleba”

(lit. gurhíze).

guruguruguruguru “ara” (lit. guro).

gurugugurugugurugugurugu “garda”, mun gurugu dir

soÄaÁCi Te‡u “Sens garda me

aravin myavs” (lit. guroni).

guCuliguCuliguCuliguCuli “kitri” (lit. oxcer)

dddd

da da da da “is” (I kl.) (lit. dov), Sdr.

dabdabdabdab, de.de.de.de.

dab dab dab dab “is” (II kl.) (lit. dob), Sdr.

da, de.da, de.da, de.da, de.

dabdabdabdab “RrZili”, mr.r. dabaldabaldabaldabal.

dadadada----bbbb----aaaa “iq” (lit. do-b-a).

dandidandidandidandi “pirdapir”, “pirispir”,

“winaaRmdeg” (lit. dande).

dandidandidandidandi “qvisli’ (lit. dandiÁav).

dahaJodahaJodahaJodahaJo “cota” (lit. daha-b).

daÄahzidaÄahzidaÄahzidaÄahzi (tox.), daÄahJidaÄahJidaÄahJidaÄahJi (Wad.)

“gaqceva” (lit. l¶uTize).

de de de de “is” (II kl.) (lit. doÁ), Sdr.

da, dab. da, dab. da, dab. da, dab.

dede dede dede dede “mama”, erg. deded deded deded deded (lit.

emen).

dedelvacdedelvacdedelvacdedelvac ´́́́ “biZa mamis mxridan”,

“mamis Zma” (lit. imÄal); Sdr.

delvacdelvacdelvacdelvac ´́́́.

delvacdelvacdelvacdelvac ´́́́ “biZa mamis mxridan”,

mamis Zma” (lit. imÄal); ix.

dedelvacdedelvacdedelvacdedelvac ´́́́.

dedelÁacdedelÁacdedelÁacdedelÁac ´́́́ “mamida”, ix. delÁacdelÁacdelÁacdelÁac ´́́́.

delÁacdelÁacdelÁacdelÁac ´́́́ “mamida”, ix. dedelÁacdedelÁacdedelÁacdedelÁac ´́́́.

deÄendeÄendeÄendeÄen “vaci”.

dirdirdirdir “Cemi”.

dundundundun “me”, erg. dildildildil¶¶¶¶....

dur dur dur dur “Seni”.

170

dursdursdursdurs (tox.), durSdurSdurSdurS (Wad.) “siZe”

(lit. durc).

duruduruduruduru “wamali” (lit. daru).

eeee

enwit(a), enwit(a), enwit(a), enwit(a), ix. anwita.anwita.anwita.anwita.

eRel eRel eRel eRel “qusli”.

eya(da)eya(da)eya(da)eya(da) “dRes” (lit. Jaya).

eyTzieyTzieyTzieyTzi “wyurvili”, masd. eyTi

(lit. yeC).

exelcexelcexelcexelc ´́́́(a)x(a)x(a)x(a)x “zeze”.

exelcexelcexelcexelc ´́́́(a)x W(a)x W(a)x W(a)x W ´́́́elZielZielZielZi

(tox.),exelcexelcexelcexelc ´́́́(a)x w(a)x w(a)x w(a)x w ´́́́eljieljieljielji (Wad.)

“zeze dgoma” (lit.

b-aÃun W´eze).

ehinehinehinehin “wels, wleuls” (lit.

isana).

vvvv

vazivazivazivazi (tox.), vaJiÁabvaJiÁabvaJiÁabvaJiÁab (Wad.) “vazi”

(lit. Rabu).

varan(i)varan(i)varan(i)varan(i) “aqlemi”.

vasvasvasvas (tox.), vaSvaSvaSvaS (Wad.) “biWi,

vaJiSvili”.

vacvacvacvac ´́́́ “Zma”.

vvvv----aÄun WaÄun WaÄun WaÄun W ´́́́elZielZielZielZi (tox.), vvvv----aÄun aÄun aÄun aÄun

wwww ´́́́eljieljieljielji (Wad.) “dajdoma”, “jdoma”

(I kl.) (lit. Äodove W´eze); Sdr.

ÁÁÁÁ----aÄun WaÄun WaÄun WaÄun W ´́́́elZi, ÁelZi, ÁelZi, ÁelZi, Á----aÄun waÄun waÄun waÄun w ´́́́elji.elji.elji.elji.

vexvexvexvex½½½½ “mwyemsi”.

vvvv----orWamiorWamiorWamiorWami (I kl.) “gamarjoba,

dila mSvidobisa!” Sdr. ÁÁÁÁ----

orWamiorWamiorWamiorWami,rrrr----orWamiorWamiorWamiorWami

zzzz

zaz zaz zaz zaz “ekali” (tox.), Sdr. JaJ.JaJ.JaJ.JaJ.

zahzahzahzah ´́́́maTcmaTcmaTcmaTc ´́́́a a a a (tox.), JahJahJahJah ´́́́maTcmaTcmaTcmaTc ´́́́a a a a (Wad.)

“Zlivs”, “gaWirvebiT” (lit.

zah´maTgo).

zahzahzahzah ´́́́ru ru ru ru “Sxami”.

zahzahzahzah ´́́́ruÁab buruxruÁab buruxruÁab buruxruÁab burux½½½½ “gvelgesla”.

zobzobzobzob “ca” (tox.), Sdr. JobJobJobJob.

zodozodozodozodo “caze” (tox.) (lit. zodo-

b, zodi-Ã), Sdr. JodoJodoJodoJodo.

zorzorzorzor “muSti” (lit. zar).

TTTT

Tabgu Tabgu Tabgu Tabgu “sami”.

TabÄin TabÄin TabÄin TabÄin “samyura” (lit. lÀabÄin).

TaziTaziTaziTazi “codna”, masd. TaÁ (lit.

lÀaze).

TamahTamahTamahTamah ´́́́abababab “rbili”.

TamahTamahTamahTamah ´́́́TiTiTiTi “sirbile”.

171

TarTarTarTar “nakaduli” (lit. lÀar).

TaraÄTaraÄTaraÄTaraÄ “dablobi adgili”, “vake”

(lit. lÀaraÄ).

TaraÄTi TaraÄTi TaraÄTi TaraÄTi “veli”, “dablobi” (lit.

avlaÃ).

TaWuguTaWuguTaWuguTaWugu “ucabedad, uneburad”,

dis´ heb TaWugu x½a “me es

uneburad momivida (lit.

lÀaWogo).

TaÄilTaÄilTaÄilTaÄil “weliwadi” (lit. lÀaÄel).

TeziTeziTeziTezi “dadeba” (lit. lÀeze).

TelkaCTelkaCTelkaCTelkaC “mercxali” (lit.

milÀirSo).

TenTenTenTen “fiwali” (lit. lÀen).

TeTeTeTe‡‡‡‡uuuu “ar aris” (meSveli zmna)

(lit. heWo).

TviTviTviTvi “furTxi”.

TilihTilihTilihTilih ´́́́ “bedniereba” (lit.

Talih´).

TihiTihiTihiTihi “kvici”, mr. Tahal (lit.

TaÁ).

TufankTufankTufankTufank “Tofi” (lit. Tumank).

TuxumTuxumTuxumTuxum “naTesaoba, gvari”.

iiii

indori indori indori indori “indauri” (lit. gurgur).

isisisis (tox.), iSiSiSiS (Wad.) “CrCili”

(lit. ic).

iSiSiSiS “saqme”.

iWguiWguiWguiWgu “cxra” (lit. iWgo).

ixviixviixviixvi “ixvi”.

ixixixix ´́́́ “gazafxuli”.

ixixixix ´́́́daldaldaldal “gazafxulze”.

iiii‡‡‡‡us us us us (tox.), iiii‡‡‡‡uS uS uS uS (Wad.)

“baRlinjo”

(lit. JinJra).

ÁÁÁÁ

ÁaÁaÁaÁa – Sorisdebuli, romelic

gamoiyeneba daZaxebis dros

pasuxis gasacemad: vo Äali! – Áa!

“hei, ali!” – “ho!” igive

Sorisdebuls iyeneben maSin,

roca naTqvams ver gaigeben

(“ra?”).

ÁaniÁaniÁaniÁani “Tu” (nawilaki), vasiS´

huvuri Áani ÁasiS´? “biWi daibada

Tu gogo?” (lit. Áagi).

ÁasÁasÁasÁas (tox.), ÁaSÁaSÁaSÁaS (Wad.) “gogo”,

“qaliSvili”.

ÁacÁacÁacÁac ´́́́ “da”.

172

ÁÁÁÁ----aÄun WaÄun WaÄun WaÄun W ´́́́elZielZielZielZi (tox.), ÁÁÁÁ----aÄun aÄun aÄun aÄun

wwww ´́́́eljieljieljielji (Wad.) “dajdoma”, “jdoma”

(II kl.) (lit. ÄodoÁ Wéze); Sdr.

vvvv----aÄun WaÄun WaÄun WaÄun W ´́́́elZi, velZi, velZi, velZi, v----aÄun waÄun waÄun waÄun w ´́́́elji.elji.elji.elji.

ÁiÁiÁiÁi----bbbb----gu gu gu gu “TviTon” (lit. Ji-b-go).

Áibib Áibib Áibib Áibib “yoveli” (lit. Síbab).

Áibib yoÁalÁibib yoÁalÁibib yoÁalÁibib yoÁalÀ´À´À´À´ “yoveldRe” (lit.

yoÁilgo).

ÁinelÁinelÁinelÁinel “Tavisi” (lit. Jindir).

ÁitÁitÁitÁit¾¾¾¾aÁ aÁ aÁ aÁ “dedamTili’, “sidedri”

(lit. Áat¾ad).

ÁÁÁÁ----orWami orWami orWami orWami (II kl.) “gamarjoba!”

Sdr. vSdr. vSdr. vSdr. v----orWami, rorWami, rorWami, rorWami, r----orWami.orWami.orWami.orWami.

kkkk

kalkalkalkal “piri”.

kalbeckalbeckalbeckalbec ´́́́eJi eJi eJi eJi “kocna” (Wad.) (lit.

ubaC habize), Sdr. kuku tkuku tkuku tkuku t¾¾¾¾eziezieziezi.

kanlkanlkanlkanlÀ´À´À´Àálalalal “tyupebi”

(lit.kiharural).

kaSJikaSJikaSJikaSJi “xtoma” (lit. kanwize).

ketmahketmahketmahketmah ´́́́oooo “wvivi, kanWi”.

keCenZikeCenZikeCenZikeCenZi (tox.), keCenjikeCenjikeCenjikeCenji (Wad.)

“daviwyeba” (lit. koCene).

kvarkvarkvarkvar “saWiroeba”.

kvezikvezikvezikvezi (tox.), kveJikveJikveJikveJi (Wad.)

“SeZleba” (lit. kveze).

kvetkvetkvetkvet “tuCi, bage”.

kvintikvintikvintikvinti “nerwyvi” (lit. háwu).

kigukigukigukigu “ori” (lit. kigo).

kitankitankitankitan “skivri” (lit. Ramas´).

kobokzikobokzikobokzikobokzi (tox.), kobokJikobokJikobokJikobokJi (Wad.)

“qneva” (lit. x½vadize).

kolonikolonikolonikoloni “mozveri”

(lit. basi).

kowkowkowkow ´́́́ “koWi”.

kudakudakudakuda----bbbb “didi” (lit. kudi-Á-ab).

kudakudakudakudab yob yob yob yo “dResaswauli” (lit.

baÁram).

kudab Äunkkudab Äunkkudab Äunkkudab Äunk ´́́́ “virTxa”.

kuku tkuku tkuku tkuku t¾¾¾¾ezi ezi ezi ezi “kocna” (tox.) (lit.

ubaC habize), Sdr. kalbeckalbeckalbeckalbec ´́́́eJieJieJieJi.

kulkulkulkul “gasaRebi”.

kutzikutzikutzikutzi (tox.), kutJikutJikutJikutJi (Wad.)

“gagdeba”, “garekva”; Sdr. kuwi,kuwi,kuwi,kuwi,

kuWikuWikuWikuWi.

kutkutJikutkutJikutkutJikutkutJi “kakuni” (lit.kutize).

kutulakutulakutulakutula “Tirkmeli”

(lit.urhisála).

173

kuwikuwikuwikuwi (tox.), kuWikuWikuWikuWi (Wad.) “gagdeba”,

“garekva”.

kkkk ´́́́

kkkk ´́́́araaraaraara “koRo”.

kkkk ´́́́vazivazivazivazi (tox.), kkkk ´́́́vaJivaJivaJivaJi (Wad.) “parsva”

(lit. k´vaze).

kkkk ´́́́vivivivi “boli”, “kvamli” (lit. kúÁ).

llll

lagalagalagalaga “sxeulis nawili, organo”.

laCenlaCenlaCenlaCen “Sevardeni”.

laylaylaylaylaylaylaylay “wero”.

lahzilahzilahzilahzi (tox.), lahJilahJilahJilahJi (Wad.)“cqera,

yureba”, nam. lahrilahrilahrilahri,masd. lahilahilahilahi

(lit. b-alahize).

lahu Wlahu Wlahu Wlahu W ´́́́elZielZielZielZi (tox.), lahu wlahu wlahu wlahu w ´́́́eljieljieljielji

(Wad.) “lodini”, “cda” (lit. b-

alahun Wéze).

lahlahlahlah ´́́́ “naxSiri”.

leyaleyaleyaleya “koWli” (lit. reya-b).

“gamarjveba”(lit. berhine

bbbb----ehziehziehziehzi (tox.), bbbb----ehJiehJiehJiehJi (Wad.)

llllÀ´À´À´À´

llllÀ´À´À´Àá a a a “aq” (I kl.), vac´ lÀá vugu

“Zma aq aris” (lit. hani-v); Sdr.

llllÀ´À´À´Àé, le, le, le, lÀ´À´À´Àáb.ab.ab.ab.

llllÀ´À´À´Àáb ab ab ab “aq” (III kl.), Cu lÀáb bugu

“cxeni aq aris” (lit. hani-b);

Sdr. llllÀ´À´À´Àá, la, la, la, lÀ´À´À´Àé.e.e.e.

llllÀ´À´À´Àále ale ale ale “ai, ager” (I da III kl.),

lÀále muhámad “ai, muhamadi!”

lÀále Cu “ai, cxeni!” (lit.

hale); Sdr. llllÀ´À´À´Àéle.ele.ele.ele.

llllÀ´À´À´Àáx ax ax ax “aqeT” (lit. hanive).

llllÀ´À´À´Àé e e e “aq” (II kl.), Áac´ lÀé Áugu

“da aq aris” (lit. hani-Á); Sdr.

llllÀ´À´À´Àá, la, la, la, lÀ´À´À´Àáb.ab.ab.ab.

llllÀ´À´À´Àéle ele ele ele “ai, ager” (II kl.), lÀéle

dir Áac´ “ai, Cemi da!” (lit.

hale); Sdr. llllÀ´À´À´Àéle.ele.ele.ele.

llllÀ´À´À´Àíkaikaikaika----bbbb “kargi”.

llllÀ´À´À´Àímimimim “wyali” (lit. lÀín).

llll¶¶¶¶

llll¶¶¶¶arararar “rqa”.

llll¶¶¶¶vazi vazi vazi vazi “dagva” (lit. l¶ux½ize).

llll¶¶¶¶uyziuyziuyziuyzi (tox.), llll¶¶¶¶uyJiuyJiuyJiuyJi (Wad.)

“daWra” (lit. l¶uyize).

llll¶¶¶¶uhziuhziuhziuhzi (tox.), llll¶¶¶¶uhJiuhJiuhJiuhJi (Wad.)

“Sesvla” (lit. l¶uhine).

174

mmmm

maduhanmaduhanmaduhanmaduhan “mezobeli”, mr.

maduhanTi maduhanTi maduhanTi maduhanTi (lit. madohal, mr.

madohalzabi).

maTmaTmaTmaT “frCxili”, “brWyali” (lit.

malÀ).

malaÁqmalaÁqmalaÁqmalaÁq “angelozi”.

maÁmunmaÁmunmaÁmunmaÁmun “maimuni” (lit. maÁmalaÃ).

matmatmatmat¾¾¾¾iiii “sizmari” (lit. mat¾u).

maRmaRmaRmaR “kudi” (lit. raW´).

mawmawmawmaw´ “ena”.

mawmawmawmaw ´́́́ “tyuili”, “Wori”.

maWabmaWabmaWabmaWab “yviTeli” (lit. Äobilab).

maW(a)hmaW(a)hmaW(a)hmaW(a)h ´́́́onoonoonoono “kvercxis guli”.

maWiltehmaWiltehmaWiltehmaWilteh “krazana (bot.)”.

maWmaWmaWmaW ´́́́ “menji”, “barZayi”.

maWmaWmaWmaW ´́́́alalalal “barZayi”, “barkali”.

maxmaxmaxmax ´́́́ “rkina”.

maharTe maharTe maharTe maharTe ”qorwineba”.

mahmahmahmah ´́́́ “suni”.

mahmahmahmah ´́́́uuuu “fexi”.

mahmahmahmah ´́́́SarabSarabSarabSarab “myrali” (lit.

mah´carab).

maÃamaÃamaÃamaÃa “ukan”.

maÃamaÃamaÃamaÃa “Semdeg, mere” (lit. xadu-b).

maÄumaÄumaÄumaÄu “cremli”.

megeJmegeJmegeJmegeJ “wveri”.

meTermeTermeTermeTer “xval”.

meTxmeTxmeTxmeTx ´́́́ara Ciara Ciara Ciara Ci “mTvrali” (lit.

mex´Tarav Ci).

mermermermermermermermer “mamali futkari”.

mesedmesedmesedmesed (tox.), meSedmeSedmeSedmeSed (Wad.) “oqro”

(lit. mesed).

meyameyameyameya “celqi”.

meyabmeyabmeyabmeyab “marcxena” (lit. qveÄab).

meyabmeyabmeyabmeyab “mcdari”, “araswori”.

meysmeysmeysmeys ´́́́aaaa “marcxniv” (lit. qveÄs´a).

mexmexmexmex ´́́́ “dro”.

mexTizimexTizimexTizimexTizi (tox.), mexTiJi (Wad.)

“daTroba” (lit. mexTize).

mexTinmexTinmexTinmexTin “simTvrale”.

meÄermeÄermeÄermeÄer “mTa”.

minZiminZiminZiminZi (tox.), minjiminjiminjiminji (Wad.) “Tqma”

(lit. abize).

175

mitmitmitmit¾¾¾¾gugugugu “rva” (lit. mit¾go).

miWmiWmiWmiW ´́́́ “WinWari”.

mixmixmixmix½½½½ “muxa” (lit. miq´).

mixmixmixmix½½½½iiii “mtredi” (lit. miq´i).

miÃmiÃmiÃmiÃ ‘ulvaSi”.

mowmowmowmow ´́́́ “mTvare”, “Tve”.

munmunmunmun “Sen”, erg. duldulduldul¶.¶.¶.¶.

muJmuJmuJmuJ “Tqven” (lit. nuJ).

muJermuJermuJermuJer “Tqveni” (lit. nuJer).

muRmuRmuRmuR “zurgi”.

muRalraÃ muRalraÃ muRalraÃ muRalraÃ “CrdiloeTi”(lit.

sever).

muRalhodmuRalhodmuRalhodmuRalhod “xerxemali”.

muyoymuyoymuyoymuyoy “kakabi” (lit. moyoy).

muy(u)luymuy(u)luymuy(u)luymuy(u)luy “xorxi”.

muylmuylmuylmuyluyul beteruyul beteruyul beteruyul beter “xvanCi, xorxis

maRlobi (anat.)”.

mucermucermucermucer “qviSa” (lit. sali).

muCerumuCerumuCerumuCeru “Zira (bot.)”.

muhmuhmuhmuh ´́́́eheheheh ´́́́rurururu “lokokina”.

nnnn

nananana “futkari”.

naqunaqunaqunaqu “muxli”.

nawnawnawnaw ´́́́ “tili”.

nahnahnahnah ´́́́qvawqvawqvawqvaw ´́́́ “kalia”.

niknikniknik “fiWvi” (lit. nak´iRvet).

nilnilnilnil¶¶¶¶ “Cven” (inkl.).

nilnilnilnil¶¶¶¶erererer “Cveni” (inkl.).

niJniJniJniJ “Cven” (eqskl.).

niJerniJerniJerniJer “Cveni” (eqskl.).

niCniCniCniC “sircxvili”.

nihnihnihnih ´́́́inWainWainWainWa----bbbb “patara”.

nodonodonodonodo “Subli”.

noTokiWnoTokiWnoTokiWnoTokiW “nikapi” (lit. nilÀu).

notonotonotonoto “askili” (lit. Äinti).

nusnusnusnus (tox.), nuS nuS nuS nuS (Wad.) “dana”.

nusnusnusnus (tox.), nuS nuS nuS nuS (Wad.) “dana” (lit.

nus).

nusgunusgunusgunusgu (tox.), nuSgunuSgunuSgunuSgu (Wad.) “asi”

(lit. nusgo).

nuwnuwnuwnuw ´́́́aaaa “ezo” (lit. azbar), “kari”.

176

nuhnuhnuhnuh ´́́́ “gza” (lit. nux).

nuhnuhnuhnuh ´́́́bitzibitzibitzibitzi (tox.), nuhnuhnuhnuh ´́́́bitJibitJibitJibitJi (Wad.)

“gacileba” (lit. tobitize).

oooo

os os os os (tox.), oS oS oS oS (Wad.) “xari”.

oshoshoshosh ´́́́utututut (tox.), oShoShoShoSh ´́́́utututut “xoWi”.

oRobÃaToRobÃaToRobÃaToRobÃaT “xelisguli”.

oÃoÃoÃoÃ “qeri” (lit. furWina).

pppp

poWka poWka poWka poWka “kasri” (lit. Cerma).

JJJJ

Javab Javab Javab Javab “pasuxi”.

JaJ JaJ JaJ JaJ “ekali” (Wad.) (lit. zaz).

JanuJanuJanuJanu // Jan(u)xJan(u)xJan(u)xJan(u)x “Sig”, “SigniT”

(lit. Jani-b).

JahJahJahJah ´́́́daTidaTidaTidaTi “mtroba” (lit.

Jah´dallÀi).

JaÄifaJaÄifaJaÄifaJaÄifa----bbbb “susti”, “uZluri” (lit.

zaÄifa-b).

JegiJegiJegiJegi “kidev”.

JoJoJoJo “nivTi, sagani”.

JobJobJobJob “ca” (Wad.) (lit. zob).

JoboJiJoboJiJoboJiJoboJi “yefa” (lit. h´afize).

JodoJodoJodoJodo “caze” (Wad.) (lit. zodo-b,

zodi-Ã), Sdr. zodo.

rrrr

raTalCebay raTalCebay raTalCebay raTalCebay “cqimura” (zool.).

raTilraTilraTilraTil “qoneba” (lit. raTel).

rakrakrakrak “guli”.

rasrasrasras ´́́́dakdakdakdak // rasrasrasras ´́́́dakTidakTidakTidakTi “Crdili”

(lit. raÄad).

ratratratrat¾¾¾¾ “miwa”.

ratratratrat¾¾¾¾CuÃCuÃCuÃCuÃ bakbakbakbak “weli”.

raRraRraRraR “omi”.

rayara mexrayara mexrayara mexrayara mex ´́́́

“SimSiloba”,“SimSilis dro”.

rayirayirayirayi “SimSili”.

raxraxraxrax½½½½ “rZe”.

raÃraÃraÃraÃ “mxare”.

raÃuraÃuraÃuraÃu “nacari”.

raÄalraÄalraÄalraÄal “napiri”.

raÄiraÄiraÄiraÄi “sityva”.

reTzireTzireTzireTzi “gacineba” (lit. relÀize).

reTireTireTireTi “sicili” (lit. relÀi).

177

rekezirekezirekezirekezi “cecxlis wakideba” (lit.

rekine).

relrelrelrelÀ´À´À´ÀénZienZienZienZi (tox.), relrelrelrelÀ´À´À´Àénjienjienjienji (Wad.)

“msgavseba” (lit. relÀíne).

retelJiretelJiretelJiretelJi “Cacma” (Wad.) (lit.

retine), Sdr. ta retenzita retenzita retenzita retenzi.

reyelreyelreyelreyel “mSvidoba”, “zavi”.

reyeljireyeljireyeljireyelji “daxuWva” (lit.

yanSíze).

rexrexrexrex ´́́́zizizizi (tox.), rexrexrexrex ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“gadagdeba” (lit. rexíze).

rexrexrexrex½½½½edededed “naxiri”.

rikrikrikrik ´́́́andandandand “Sors” (lit. rikáda).

rixrixrixrix ´́́́inininin “SiSi” (lit. hínyi).

riririri‡‡‡‡iiii “zafxuli”.

riÄziriÄziriÄziriÄzi (tox.), riÄJiriÄJiriÄJiriÄJi (Wad.) “smena”

(lit. raÄize).

rolrolrolrol¶¶¶¶ “xorbali”.

rotrotrotrot¾¾¾¾iiii “siyvaruli”.

rotrotrotrot¾¾¾¾obobobob “frTa”, mr. rotrotrotrot¾¾¾¾obalobalobalobal

(lit. qvart¾i, mr. qurt¾bi).

royroyroyroy “saxli”.

roxroxroxrox ´́́́i i i i “sixaruli”.

rohJirohJirohJirohJi “gaTeneba” (Wad.) (lit.

rohine); Sdr. ÃahÃahÃahÃah ´́́́Ti bazeTi bazeTi bazeTi baze.

rohonrohonrohonrohon “Wriloba” (lit. ruhun).

rohoturohoturohoturohotu “dila” (lit. radal).

rrrr----orWamiorWamiorWamiorWami “gamarjobaT!” (mr.);

Sdr.

vvvv----orWamiorWamiorWamiorWami, ÁÁÁÁ----orWamiorWamiorWamiorWami.

rosurosurosurosu (tox.), roSuroSuroSuroSu (Wad.)

“sofeli” (lit. rosu).

rotrotrotrot¾¾¾¾i xi xi xi x½½½½eljieljieljielji “Seyvareba” (lit.

rot¾i qéze).

rocrocrocroc ´́́́ “vulva”.

rohirohirohirohi “sicive” (lit. qvaC).

roxroxroxrox½½½½ “tye”.

ruzruzruzruz “bu”.

ruyiruyiruyiruyi “Sin, saxlSi”.

ruCruCruCruC ´́́́abababab (tox.), rucrucrucruc ´́́́abababab (Wad.)

“coli” (lit. lÀádi).

ruhunTziruhunTziruhunTziruhunTzi (tox.), ruhunCiruhunCiruhunCiruhunCi (Wad.)

“miCveva” (lit. ruhunlÀize).

ruhruhruhruh ´́́́ “suli”.

ruhruhruhruh ´́́́ihihihih ´́́́inWinWinWinW ´́́́ “SaSvi”.

ruhruhruhruh ´́́́WagoTiWagoTiWagoTiWagoTi “suldgmuli” (lit.

ruh´WagolÀi).

178

ssss

sadaÃ sadaÃ sadaÃ sadaÃ “erTad” (tox.) (lit.

cadaÃ), Sdr. SadaÃ.SadaÃ.SadaÃ.SadaÃ.

samsamsamsam “pitna” (lit. saÄan).

saraÃansaraÃansaraÃansaraÃan “saRamos” (lit.

relÀeda).

sassassassas “xma” (tox.) (lit. harat¾),

Sdr. SaSSaSSaSSaS.

saRTisaRTisaRTisaRTi “janmrTeloba” (lit.

saRlÀi).

sengisengisengisengi “Semdeg, mere” (tox.) (lit.

cingi); Sdr. SengiSengiSengiSengi.

serserserser “mela” (tox.), Sdr. SerSerSerSer.

seRaTseRaTseRaTseRaT “saCuqari” (lit. saÁRaT).

sesesese‡‡‡‡edededed “zeg” (lit. seze).

ssss ´́́́veruveruveruveru “garSemo”, “irgvliv”

(lit. s´verun // s´veruÃ).

ssss ´́́́vintvintvintvint¾¾¾¾JiJiJiJi “stvena” (Wad.) (lit.

heSdeze); Sdr. SSSS ´́́́ventventventvent¾¾¾¾eziezieziezi.

sisisisi “daTvi” (tox.) (lit. ci); Sdr.

SiSiSiSi.

sibisibisibisibi (tox.), SibiSibiSibiSibi (Wad.) “kbili”,

mr.r. sabalsabalsabalsabal (lit. ca, mr. cabi).

simindsimindsimindsimind “simindi” (lit.

wórosárol¶).

skamskamskamskam “skami”.

sosososo “erTi” (tox.) (lit. co), Sdr.

SoSoSoSo.

sogisogisogisogi “sxva”, mr. sogilsogilsogilsogil (tox.)

(lit. cogi); Sdr. SogiSogiSogiSogi.

soguJusoguJusoguJusoguJu “martoxela”.

so mexso mexso mexso mex ´́́́ “erTxel” (lit. cin).

sonsonsonson “guSin” (tox.); Sdr. SonSonSonSon.

sonsonsonson “weliwadi” (tox.), Sdr. SonSonSonSon.

sonosonosonosono “broweuli”.

sordosordosordosordo (tox.), SordoSordoSordoSordo (Wad.)

“Rame” (lit. sordo).

soroZisoroZisoroZisoroZi (tox.) “kankali”,

“caxcaxi” (lit. sorodize), Sdr.

SorojiSorojiSorojiSoroji.

sohsohsohsoh ´́́́oooo “marto”, “mxolod” (tox.)

(lit. cohógo), Sdr. SoguSoguSoguSogu----SoSoSoSo.

soÄaÁ baÃ soÄaÁ baÃ soÄaÁ baÃ soÄaÁ baÃ “sadme, sadRac”,

uaryofiT zmnasTan – “arsad”

(lit. qi-b-nigi).

soÄaÁJo soÄaÁJo soÄaÁJo soÄaÁJo // soÄagiJo soÄagiJo soÄagiJo soÄagiJo “rame,

raRaca” (igulisxmeba nivTi,

sagani); “araferi” (uaryofiT

zmnasTan), lÀáb soÄaÁJo Te‡u “aq

araferia”; Sdr. soÄaÁCisoÄaÁCisoÄaÁCisoÄaÁCi,

soÄaÁÄadamsoÄaÁÄadamsoÄaÁÄadamsoÄaÁÄadam.

soÄaÁCisoÄaÁCisoÄaÁCisoÄaÁCi “vinme, viRac”

(igulisxmeba mamakaci), “aravin”

(uaryofiT zmnasTan): lÀá

179

soÄaÁCi Te‡u “aq aravin aris”;

Sdr. soÄaÁÄadam, soÄaÁJo.soÄaÁÄadam, soÄaÁJo.soÄaÁÄadam, soÄaÁJo.soÄaÁÄadam, soÄaÁJo.

soÄaÁÄadamsoÄaÁÄadamsoÄaÁÄadamsoÄaÁÄadam “vinme, viRac”

(igulisxmeba qali); Sdr. soÄaÁCi, soÄaÁCi, soÄaÁCi, soÄaÁCi,

soÄaÁJo.soÄaÁJo.soÄaÁJo.soÄaÁJo.

sukumsukumsukumsukum “saponi”.

sutsutsutsut ´́́́u u u u “ciyvi”, “kverna”.

ssss ´́́́

ssss ´́́́at at at at “kvali” (Wad.) (lit. lÀak),

Sdr. SSSS ´́́́at.at.at.at.

ssss ´́́́varabvarabvarabvarab (tox.) “mwife” (lit.

barSárab), Sdr. SSSS ´́́́varabvarabvarabvarab.

ssss ´́́́veljiveljiveljivelji (Wad.) “mosvla”, nam. ssss ´́́́vavavava

(lit. S´veze “mosvla”,“moRweva”),

tox. SSSS ´́́́velZivelZivelZivelZi.

ssss ´́́́ibibibib “ra” (Wad.) (lit. Síb).

ssss ´́́́iminiminiminimin “risTvis” (lit. Síbize).

ssss ´́́́uuuu “vin” (Wad.) (lit. Sív); Sdr.

SSSS ´́́́uuuu.

ssss ´́́́uguuguuguugu “xuTi” (Wad.) (lit. Súgo).

ssss ´́́́ulahinulahinulahinulahin “Robe” (lit. Cali).

ssss ´́́́uniuniuniuni “ratom” (lit. SáÁ).

ssss ´́́́untJiuntJiuntJiuntJi “ynosva” (lit. súntize),

Sdr. xxxx½½½½umziumziumziumzi, xxxx½½½½umJiumJiumJiumJi.

ssss ´́́́usususus ´́́́ “nagavi”.

tttt

ta ta ta ta “zed” (lit. tad).

ta bta bta bta b----oÃzi oÃzi oÃzi oÃzi (tox.), ta bta bta bta b----oÃJioÃJioÃJioÃJi (Wad.)

“adgoma” (lit. b-aÃine).

tadahabtadahabtadahabtadahab “msubuqi”.

taÁistaÁistaÁistaÁis ´́́́aaaa “gaisad”.

talakuWtalakuWtalakuWtalakuW “pepela” (lit. kalkuW).

talayveytalayveytalayveytalayvey “ku”.

tamahtamahtamahtamah ´́́́ “foToli” (lit. tamax).

tanktanktanktank “xali”, “laqa”.

tebtebtebteb “riyis qva”.

telextelextelextelex ´́́́ “wamwami”.

tenWtenWtenWtenW “naSieri, bartyi” (mr.

tanWaltanWaltanWaltanWal) (lit. tinW, mr.r. tanWi).

terenaterenaterenaterena----bbbb “Txeli”.

tehtehtehteh “yvavili”.

tehtehtehteh ´́́́ “qeci”.

tvenZitvenZitvenZitvenZi (tox.), tvenjitvenjitvenjitvenji (Wad.)

“wasvla”, nam. tvatvatvatva (lit. ine).

tinatinatinatina----bbbb “patara”, “umcrosi” (lit.

hitina-b).

180

tingiliStingiliStingiliStingiliS ´́́́ “neki”.

tihtihtihtih ´́́́inWainWainWainWa----bbbb “patara”.

tokabtokabtokabtokab “meti”.

tomtomtomtom “tyavi” (lit. ton).

tomuwtomuwtomuwtomuw ´́́́ “Txemi” (lit. tonow´).

tortortortor “TavTavi”.

tottottottot “buzi” (lit. tut).

toctoctoctoc ´́́́ebesebesebesebes ´́́́eeee----bbbb “pirveli”.

tubazitubazitubazitubazi (tox.), tubaJitubaJitubaJitubaJi (Wad.)

“Sesruleba”, “aRsruleba”,

“damTavreba”, “gaTaveba” (lit.

tubaze).

tuktuktuktuk ´́́́enenenen “nemsi” (lit. rok´en).

tultultultul “RviZli”.

tulbittulbittulbittulbit¾¾¾¾ra vacra vacra vacra vac ´́́́ “RviZli Zma”.

tuRurtuRurtuRurtuRur “qudi” (lit. taRur).

tttt¾¾¾¾

ta retenzita retenzita retenzita retenzi “Cacma” (tox.) (lit.

retine); Sdr. retelJiretelJiretelJiretelJi.

tttt¾¾¾¾apziapziapziapzi (tox.), tttt¾¾¾¾apJiapJiapJiapJi (Wad.)

“dartyma”, “cema”; nam. t¾apri,

masd. t¾api (lit. t¾abize).

tttt¾¾¾¾eziezieziezi (tox.), tttt¾¾¾¾eJieJieJieJi (Wad.) “micema”

(lit. t¾eze).

tttt¾¾¾¾erererer “feri”.

tttt¾¾¾¾ereabereabereabereab “msuqani” (lit. t¾ariÁab).

tttt¾¾¾¾erzierzierzierzi(tox.), tttt¾¾¾¾erJierJierJierJi (Wad.)

“damalva’, nam. tttt¾¾¾¾ertvaertvaertvaertva (lit. b-

axCize).

tttt¾¾¾¾eCeCeCeC ‘xvliki”.

tttt¾¾¾¾ibilibilibilibil “Ziri”, “fesvi”.

tttt¾¾¾¾in in in in “zamTari” (lit. xasel).

tttt¾¾¾¾indalindalindalindal “zamTarSi” (lit.

xasalo).

tttt¾¾¾¾iwiiwiiwiiwi (tox.), tttt¾¾¾¾iWiiWiiWiiWi (Wad.)

“daZineba”, “Zili” (lit. t¾iJize).

tttt¾¾¾¾oooo “xidi”.

tttt¾¾¾¾orogiliSorogiliSorogiliSorogiliS ´́́́ “SuaTiTi”.

tttt¾¾¾¾orooroorooro “SuaSi”, “Soris” (lit.

hort¾o-b).

tttt¾¾¾¾oÄaboÄaboÄaboÄab “mware”.

tttt¾¾¾¾uJuJuJuJ “krazana, kela”.

tttt¾¾¾¾uruuruuruuru “klde”.

tttt¾¾¾¾uruosuruosuruosuruos “morieli”.

181

uuuu

unTi unTi unTi unTi “avadmyofoba, seni,

tkivili”.

unÄguunÄguunÄguunÄgu // unyguunyguunyguunygu “oTxi” (lit.

unyo).

urhimes urhimes urhimes urhimes “Signeuli”.

utututut¾¾¾¾ “SarSan” (lit. Rort¾is¾a).

utututut¾¾¾¾aÁaÁaÁaÁ “simamri” (lit. vat¾ad).

ffff

fatu fatu fatu fatu “Cqara”, “male” (lit.

x´ex´go).

feheÁab feheÁab feheÁab feheÁab “iafi” (lit. uCuzab).

fikbi fikbi fikbi fikbi “Rili”, mr. fikbalfikbalfikbalfikbal

(lit. bek).

fil fil fil fil “koJri”, “bebera” (lit.

fint¾).

firifirifirifiri “mexi”.

fiÃfiÃfiÃfiÃ “xili”.

fihaTzifihaTzifihaTzifihaTzi (tox.), fihaTJifihaTJifihaTJifihaTJi (Wad.)

“gaadvileba”, “Semsubuqeba” (lit.

bihalÀize).

fihaÁab fihaÁab fihaÁab fihaÁab “advili, ioli” (lit.

bihaÁab).

fuzifuzifuzifuzi “berva” (lit. fuÁze).

qqqq

qanqanqanqan “rogor” (lit. qin).

qanaqanaqanaqana----bbbb “rogori” (lit. qinab).

qinaqinaqinaqina----bbbb “romeli” (III kl.), Sdr.

qinaqinaqinaqina.

qanTziqanTziqanTziqanTzi “naTeba” (lit. gvanRize).

qanTiqanTiqanTiqanTi “Suqi”, “sinaTle” (lit.

qanlÀi).

qaÄanqaÄanqaÄanqaÄan // qaÄanjuqaÄanjuqaÄanjuqaÄanju “ramdeni” (lit.

qiÄan).

qerenqerenqerenqeren “mkerdi”.

qefqefqefqef “lxini”, “qeifi” (lit.

suh´maT).

qeWqeWqeWqeW “simRera”, “leqsi”.

qvatziqvatziqvatziqvatzi (tox.), qvatJiqvatJiqvatJiqvatJi (Wad.)

“dagvianeba” (lit. qvatize).

qvenZiqvenZiqvenZiqvenZi (tox.), qvenjiqvenjiqvenjiqvenji (Wad.) “SeWma”

(lit. qvine).

qvenjoqvenjoqvenjoqvenjo “saWmeli” (lit. qven).

qverqverqverqver “xeli”.

qviqviqviqvi “verZi”.

qidaqidaqidaqida // qideqideqideqide “rodis” (lit. qida).

qiduguqiduguqiduguqidugu “yovelTvis”, uaryofiT

zmnasTan – “arasodes” (lit.

qidago).

qinaqinaqinaqina “romeli” (I da II kl.) (lit.

I kl. qina-v, II kl. qina-Á), Sdr.

qinqinqinqinaaaa----bbbb.

182

qiniqiniqiniqini “akvani”.

qinuguqinuguqinuguqinugu “yvelaferi” (lit.

qinabgo).

qinulguqinulguqinulguqinulgu “yvela”, erg. qinuzguqinuzguqinuzguqinuzgu

(lit. qinalgo).

qiyaqiyaqiyaqiya “sad” (lit. qi-b).

qixqixqixqix “saiT” (lit. qi-b-e).

qudariqudariqudariqudari “doqi”, “koka” (lit.

gulgun).

qumeq hubuÁqumeq hubuÁqumeq hubuÁqumeq hubuÁ “daxmarebis gaweva”

(lit. qumaq habize).

qunaziqunaziqunaziqunazi “Wama”, masd. qunaÁqunaÁqunaÁqunaÁ (lit.

qvanaze).

qunTaqunTaqunTaqunTa “perangi“ (lit. gurde).

qunTaqunTaqunTaqunTa “kaba” (lit. retel).

quniloyoquniloyoquniloyoquniloyo “kuWi” (lit. qvaniruy).

quran raÃquran raÃquran raÃquran raÃ “marjvena mxare”,

“marjvniv (lit. qvaransá).

quranabquranabquranabquranab “marjvena” (lit.

qvaranab).

qurWuqurWuqurWuqurWu “naxvreti”, “xvreli” (lit.

qarat).

RRRR

Ra Ra Ra Ra “igi” (I kl.), Sdr. ReReReRe, RabRabRabRab.

RabRabRabRab “igi” (III kl.), Sdr. RaRaRaRa, Re.Re.Re.Re.

Raba Raba Raba Raba “soko” (lit. Äurdahán).

Ral Ral Ral Ral “nawnavi”.

Ralbaw Ralbaw Ralbaw Ralbaw (tox), RalbaW RalbaW RalbaW RalbaW (Wad.)

“lomi”.

RanyziRanyziRanyziRanyzi (tox.), RanyJiRanyJiRanyJiRanyJi (Wad.)

“daxrCoba” (lit. Ranyize).

ReReReRe “igi” (II kl.), Sdr. RaRaRaRa, RabRabRabRab.

ReduReduReduRedu “yvavi” (lit. Redo).

RvetRvetRvetRvet “xe”.

RvinoRvinoRvinoRvino “Rvino” (lit. CaRir).

RoduÃRoduÃRoduÃRoduÃ “axlos” (lit. ÄagardaÃ).

RotoRruRotoRruRotoRruRotoRru “kodala”.

RotRotRotRot¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ “qveS” (lit. RortRortRortRort¾¾¾¾).

RotRotRotRot¾¾¾¾boxboxboxbox ´́́́ “terfi”.

RunSaRunSaRunSaRunSa “kefa”.

RuRadiRuRadiRuRadiRuRadi // RuReRuReRuReRuRe “quxili” (lit.

RuRadi).

yyyy

yadaqo yadaqo yadaqo yadaqo “beRura”.

yadbecyadbecyadbecyadbec ´́́́ “Ramura” (lit.

yox½olÀalkaC), Sdr. yoxyoxyoxyox½½½½oTelkaCoTelkaCoTelkaCoTelkaC.

yadinyadinyadinyadin “dRisiT” (lit. yad).

yaTulraÃyaTulraÃyaTulraÃyaTulraÃ “samxreTi” (lit.

yibla, Áug).

yamziyamziyamziyamzi (tox.), yamJiyamJiyamJiyamJi (Wad.) “kbena”

(lit. hánWize).

183

yamiSyamiSyamiSyamiS “lerwami”.

yaralyaralyaralyaral “kvartali”, “ubani” (lit.

aval).

yarRanyarRanyarRanyarRan “garmoni”.

yasyasyasyas ´́́́aqvenaqvenaqvenaqven “vaxSami” (lit.

yasíqven).

yaRziyaRziyaRziyaRzi (tox.), yaRJiyaRJiyaRJiyaRJi (Wad.) “wva”,

nam. yaRriyaRriyaRriyaRri (lit. buhíze).

yaCaxyaCaxyaCaxyaCax “yaCaRi” (lit. ÃaCaR).

yayaCo tehyayaCo tehyayaCo tehyayaCo teh “yayaCo”.

yaWaziyaWaziyaWaziyaWazi “momzadeba” (lit. yaWaze).

miÃmiÃmiÃmiÃ ‘ulvaSi”.

yebedyebedyebedyebed “mWedeli”.

yedyedyedyed “kedeli”.

yeziyeziyeziyezi (tox.), yeJiyeJiyeJiyeJi (Wad.)

damarcxeba” (lit. yeze).

yelZiyelZiyelZiyelZi (tox.), yeljiyeljiyeljiyelji (Wad.) “sma”,

“daleva”; nam, yayayaya (lit. heyeze).

yenTziyenTziyenTziyenTzi (tox.), yenTJiyenTJiyenTJiyenTJi (Wad.)

“mSobiaroba” (lit. yinlÀize).

yeteRziyeteRziyeteRziyeteRzi “Cqmeta”, nam. yeteRriyeteRriyeteRriyeteRri.

yvaridabyvaridabyvaridabyvaridab “viwro”.

yexyexyexyex½½½½ “tyavi”.

yvatyvatyvatyvat “xeoba” (lit. kál).

yveyyveyyveyyvey “bayayi”.

yiliyiliyiliyili “Tungi” (lit. Äeret).

yihyihyihyih ´́́́zzzziiii (tox.), yihyihyihyih ´́́́JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“waCxubeba vinmesTan”

(lit. barSíze).

yoyoyoyo “dRe”.

yoguyoguyoguyogu “oci” (lit. yogo).

yoloZiyoloZiyoloZiyoloZi “loToba” (tox.) (lit.

heyoldize).

yoryotenWyoryotenWyoryotenWyoryotenW “Tavkombala”.

yoxyoxyoxyox½½½½oTelkaCoTelkaCoTelkaCoTelkaC “Ramura” (lit.

yox½olÀalkaC), Sdr. yadbecyadbecyadbecyadbec´.´.´.´.

yuraÄarabyuraÄarabyuraÄarabyuraÄarab “saWiro” (lit.

yvariÄarab).

yurulyurulyurulyurul “qvrivi”.

yuryalayuryalayuryalayuryala “tani” (lit. yaryala).

yutixyutixyutixyutix “gareT” (lit. yvati-b).

yuyayuyayuyayuya----bbbb “mokle”,“dabali”(lit.

yoya-b).

yuwiyuwiyuwiyuwi (tox.), yuWiyuWiyuWiyuWi (Wad.) “Wra”

(lit. yotize”).

SSSS

SadaÃ SadaÃ SadaÃ SadaÃ “erTad” (Wad.) (lit.

cadaÃ); Sdr. sadaÃ.sadaÃ.sadaÃ.sadaÃ.

SakalSakalSakalSakal “myesebi”.

184

SarvalSarvalSarvalSarval “Sarvali” (lit. taJu).

SaSSaSSaSSaS “xma” (lit. harat¾), Sdr. sassassassas.

SengiSengiSengiSengi “mere, Semdeg” (Wad.) (lit.

cingi); Sdr. sengisengisengisengi.

SerSerSerSer “mela” (Wad.) (lit. cer),

Sdr.

serserserser.

SiSiSiSi “daTvi” (Wad.) (lit. ci); Sdr.

sisisisi.

SogiSogiSogiSogi “sxva’ (Wad.) (lit. cogi),

Sdr. sogisogisogisogi.

SoguSoguSoguSogu----SoSoSoSo “marto”, “mxolod”

(Wad.) (lit. cohó); Sdr. sohsohsohsoh ´́́́oooo.

Son Son Son Son “guSin” (Wad.); Sdr. sonsonsonson.

SonSonSonSon “weliwadi” (Wad.), Sdr. sonsonsonson.

Sonigi JoSonigi JoSonigi JoSonigi Jo “rame” (lit. Síbnigi).

SonoSonoSonoSono “broweuli” (Wad.) (lit.

sono).

SorojiSorojiSorojiSoroji (Wad.) “kankali”,

“caxcaxi” (lit. sorodize), Sdr.

sorojisorojisorojisoroji.

SuruyaSuruyaSuruyaSuruya----bbbb “maxinji”, “uSno” (Wad.)

(lit. suruya-b); Sdr. ÄeleWaÄeleWaÄeleWaÄeleWa----bbbb.

SSSS ´́́́

SSSS ´́́́at at at at “kvali” (Wad.) (lit. lÀak),

Sdr.

ssss ´́́́atatatat.

SSSS ´́́́varabvarabvarabvarab “mwife” (tox.), (lit.

barSárab); Sdr.Sdr. ssss ´́́́varabvarabvarabvarab.

SSSS ´́́́velZivelZivelZivelZi “mosvla” (tox.), nam. SSSS ´́́́vavavava

(lit. S´veze “mosvla, moRweva”),

Sdr. ssss ´́́́veljiveljiveljivelji.

SSSS ´́́́velZivelZivelZivelZi “damwifeba” (tox.) (lit.

barSíze), Sdr. ssss ´́́́veljiveljiveljivelji.

SSSS ´́́́ventventventvent¾¾¾¾ezi ezi ezi ezi “stvena” (tox.) (lit.

heSdeze), Sdr. ssss ´́́́vintvintvintvint¾¾¾¾JiJiJiJi.

SSSS ´́́́ibibibib “ra” (tox.) (lit. Síb), Sdr.

ssss ´́́́ibibibib.

SSSS ´́́́uuuu “vin” (tox.) (lit. Sív), Sdr.

ssss ´́́́uuuu.

SSSS ´́́́uguuguuguugu “xuTi” (tox.) (lit. Súgo),

Sdr. ssss ´́́́uguuguuguugu.

SSSS ´́́́ulaTziulaTziulaTziulaTzi (tox.), ssss ´́́́ulaTJiulaTJiulaTJiulaTJi (Wad.)

“gamagreba” (lit. SúlalÀize).

SSSS ´́́́uleab uleab uleab uleab (tox.), ssss ´́́́uleab uleab uleab uleab (Wad.)

“magari” (lit. SúliÁab).

185

CCCC

CanCanCanCan “nadiri”, “iremi”.

CanaRCanaRCanaRCanaR “yba”.

CanaÃanCanaÃanCanaÃanCanaÃan “monadire”.

Cara TeCara TeCara TeCara Te‡‡‡‡ebebebeb “aucilebeli”.

CayarCayarCayarCayar “tura”.

CedCedCedCed “puri”.

CexCexCexCex ´́́́ “tani, sxeuli”.

CexCexCexCex½½½½ “muceli”.

CiCiCiCi “kaci”, mr. CilCilCilCil.

CibiCziCibiCziCibiCziCibiCzi “rweva”.

CirqinaCirqinaCirqinaCirqina----bbbb “WuWyiani” (lit.

Coroqa-b).

CirqinTiCirqinTiCirqinTiCirqinTi “WuWyi”, “sibinZure”

(lit. CoroqlÀi).

CuCuCuCu “cxeni”.

CuduniCuduniCuduniCuduni “gvimra”.

CurdahCurdahCurdahCurdah ´́́́JiJiJiJi “curva” (lit.

lÀédeze).

CurziCurziCurziCurzi (tox.), CurJi CurJi CurJi CurJi (Wad.)

“dabana”, “recxva”, “banaoba”

(lit. Curize).

CuyurCuyurCuyurCuyur “yeli” (lit. Seyer).

CarReduCarReduCarReduCarRedu “kaWkaWi” (lit.

CarRedo).

CCCC ´́́́

CCCC ´́́́oborTi oborTi oborTi oborTi “kunTebi”.

CCCC ´́́́uÄauÄauÄauÄa (tox.) “Tevzi”, Sdr. cccc ´́́́uÄauÄauÄauÄa.

CCCC ´́́́uÄadul youÄadul youÄadul youÄadul yo (tox.) “oTxSabaTi”

(lit. arbaÄ yo), Sdr. cccc ´́́́uÄadul uÄadul uÄadul uÄadul

yoyoyoyo

cccc

ciciriciciriciciriciciri “cicari”.

cccc ´́́́

cccc ´́́́eseseses ´́́́ax ax ax ax “win” (Wad.) (lit. cé-b-e),

Sdr. cccc ´́́́vexvexvexvex.

cccc ´́́́vex vex vex vex “win” (tox.) (lit. cé-b-e),

Sdr. cccc ´́́́eseseses ´́́́axaxaxax.

cccc ´́́́vexvexvexvex½½½½ol ol ol ol “adre” (lit. cébeqún).

cccc ´́́́im im im im “naRveli”, “brazi” (lit.

cín).

cccc ´́́́ihihihih ´́́́irairairaira----bbbb “cbieri, eSmaki,

gaiZvera” (lit. sihíra-b).

cccc ´́́́uÄauÄauÄauÄa “Tevzi” (Wad.), Sdr. CCCC ´́́́uÄauÄauÄauÄa.

186

cccc ´́́́uÄadul yo uÄadul yo uÄadul yo uÄadul yo (Wad.) ”oTxSabaTi”

(lit. arbaÄ yo), Sdr. CCCC ´́́́uÄadul uÄadul uÄadul uÄadul

yo.yo.yo.yo.

wwww

wa wa wa wa “cecxli” (tox.), Sdr. Wa.Wa.Wa.Wa.

way way way way “Zalian” (tox.), Sdr. Way.Way.Way.Way.

wedeÄwedeÄwedeÄwedeÄ “cicinaTela” (tox.) (lit.

relÀedaqunW), Sdr. WaqanWaqanWaqanWaqan.

weziweziweziwezi “avseba” (lit. weze).

winuwinuwinuwinu “Wipi”.

wiÁawiÁawiÁawiÁa----bbbb (tox.) “axali”; Sdr. WiÁaWiÁaWiÁaWiÁa----bbbb.

wiÁ bahwiÁ bahwiÁ bahwiÁ bah ´́́́araÁaraÁaraÁaraÁ “patarZali”(lit.

baháraÁ).

wodorcwodorcwodorcwodorc ´́́́aaaa “frTxilad”.

wulwulwulwul “SeSa” (tox.), Sdr. Wul.

wumiziwumiziwumiziwumizi “dacva” (lit. wunize).

wurbelawurbelawurbelawurbela “wurbela” (lit.

gurenJ).

wwww ´́́́

wwww ´́́́ad ad ad ad “wvima”.

wwww ´́́́alZi alZi alZi alZi (tox.), wwww ´́́́alji alji alji alji (Wad.)

“kiTxva”, “swavla” (lit.

wálize).

wwww ´́́́amamamam “marili” (lit. wán).

wwww ´́́́arararar “saxeli”.

wwww ´́́́ar Tear Tear Tear Te‡‡‡‡eb giliSeb giliSeb giliSeb giliS ´́́́ “araTiTi”.

wwww ´́́́ahahahah ´́́́ilab ilab ilab ilab “mwvane” (lit.

ÄurCínab).

wwww ´́́́ahahahah ´́́́ilTi ilTi ilTi ilTi “mwvanili” (lÀi).

wwww ´́́́eeee “Txa”, mr. wwww ´́́́iniiniiniini.

wwww ´́́́ekabekabekabekab “mJave”.

wwww ´́́́ekJiekJiekJiekJi “lokva” (Wad.) (lit.

Wíkize), Sdr. WWWW ´́́́ekziekziekziekzi.

wwww ´́́́ekxekxekxekx ´́́́erererer “mJauna” (lit. wéku).

wwww ´́́́eljieljieljielji “dgoma” (Wad.), nam. wwww ´́́́aaaa

(lit. Wéze); Sdr. WWWW ´́́́elZielZielZielZi.

wwww ´́́́enqerenqerenqerenqer “meWeWi”.

wwww ´́́́vavavava “varskvlavi”.

wwww ´́́́vivivivi- “Zu, dedali” (lit. wú).

wwww ´́́́ibilibilibilibil “yurZeni”.

wwww ´́́́ihihihih ´́́́ilabilabilabilab “lurji” (lit.

Ãahílab).

wwww ´́́́uziuziuziuzi (tox.), wwww ´́́́uJiuJiuJiuJi (Wad.) “wurva”

(lit. wúze).

wwww ´́́́umumumum “arwivi” (lit. wún).

wwww ´́́́unwunwunwunw ´́́́iiii “WianWvela” (lit.

wúnw´ra).

187

wwww ´́́́uhunuhunuhunuhun “qurdi”, mr. wúhunul

(lit. wóhor).

WWWW

Wa Wa Wa Wa “cecxli” (Wad.) (lit. wa).

WaguWaguWaguWagu “cocxali” (lit. WagoÁab).

Wamzi Wamzi Wamzi Wamzi (tox.), WamJi WamJi WamJi WamJi (Wad.) “ReWva”

(lit. Wamize).

Waqan Waqan Waqan Waqan “cicinaTela” (Wad.) (lit.

relÀedaqunW), Sdr. wedeÄwedeÄwedeÄwedeÄ.

WahWahWahWah ´́́́aaaa----b b b b “maRali” (lit. borxaTa-b).

WahWahWahWah ´́́́al al al al (Wad.) “wiTela” (lit.

alanJ),

Sdr. WotoyalWotoyalWotoyalWotoyal.

WahWahWahWah ´́́́aJuaJuaJuaJu “setyva” (lit. goro).

WahWahWahWah´Ti ´Ti ´Ti ´Ti “simaRle” (lit. borxalÀi).

WamdalalWamdalalWamdalalWamdalal “yba”.

Wamzul ratWamzul ratWamzul ratWamzul rat¾¾¾¾aaaa “Rawvis Zvali”.

WayWayWayWay “Zalian” (Wad.) (lit. way).

WeÄeraWeÄeraWeÄeraWeÄera----bbbb “Savi”.

WvaziWvaziWvaziWvazi “mokvla” (lit. Wvaze).

WiÁaWiÁaWiÁaWiÁa----bbbb “axali” (Wad.); Sdr. wiÁawiÁawiÁawiÁa----bbbb.

WorbutWorbutWorbutWorbut “cisartyela” (lit.

nuralÀul kamuri).

WorolaWorolaWorolaWorola “mwyeri”.

WotoyalWotoyalWotoyalWotoyal (tox.) “wiTela” (lit.

alanJ), Sdr. WahWahWahWah ´́́́alalalal.

WulWulWulWul “SeSa” (Wad.) (lit. wul).

WuhWuhWuhWuh ´́́́rararara----bbbb “lamazi” (lit. bercina-

b).

WuhWuhWuhWuh ´́́́iiii “silamaze”.

WWWW ´́́́

WWWW ´́́́ekzi ekzi ekzi ekzi “lokva” (tox.) (lit.

Wíkize), Sdr. wwww ´́́́ekJiekJiekJiekJi.

WWWW ´́́́ekinab giliSekinab giliSekinab giliSekinab giliS ´́́́ “saloki TiTi”.

WWWW ´́́́elZi elZi elZi elZi “dgoma’ (tox.), nam. WWWW ´́́́aaaa

(lit. Wéze); Sdr. wwww ´́́́eljieljieljielji.

WWWW ´́́́etetetet “rwyili”.

xxxx

xabar xabar xabar xabar “ambavi, cnoba”.

xadabak xadabak xadabak xadabak “qveviTa mxare, qveda

adgili” (lit. axálÀi).

xadaxxadaxxadaxxadax “dabla”, “qveviT”.

xadax bxadax bxadax bxadax b----aÃziaÃziaÃziaÃzi “Casvla” (lit.

reStine).

188

xarCiRaxarCiRaxarCiRaxarCiRa “qori” (lit. ÃarCiRa).

xasilxasilxasilxasil (tox.), xaSilxaSilxaSilxaSil (Wad.)

Semodgoma” (lit. xasaliÃlÀi).

xasluxasluxasluxaslu “SemodgomiT” (lit.

xasaliÃe).

xenabxenabxenabxenab “Tbili”.

xvenexxvenexxvenexxvenex “sasa”.

xinabxinabxinabxinab “Tbili”.

xonoTzixonoTzixonoTzixonoTzi (tox.), xonoTJixonoTJixonoTJixonoTJi (Wad.)

“daRla” (lit. s´vaqaze).

xumelikxumelikxumelikxumelik “svia”.

xumuxxumuxxumuxxumux “cxviri” (lit. meÄer).

xumxil yvalalxumxil yvalalxumxil yvalalxumxil yvalal “nestoebi”.

xupalxupalxupalxupal “Worfli” (lit. tontro).

xxxx ´́́́

xxxx ´́́́alaTzialaTzialaTzialaTzi (tox.), xxxx´́́́alaTJialaTJialaTJialaTJi (Wad.)

“dagrZeleba” (lit. xálalÀize).

xxxx ´́́́aJiaJiaJiaJi “varcxna” (lit. xaze).

xxxx ´́́́eleabeleabeleabeleab “grZeli” (lit.

xálaTab).

xxxx ´́́́er er er er “balaxi”.

xxxx ´́́́er ÃvaÁer ÃvaÁer ÃvaÁer ÃvaÁ “Tibva” (lit. Ãvaze).

xxxx ´́́́ereaereaereaerea----bbbb “Zvirfasi” (lit. xíriÁa-

b).

xxxx ´́́́utziutziutziutzi (tox.), xxxx ´́́́utJiutJiutJiutJi (Wad.)

“darCena”, nam. xxxx ´́́́utriutriutriutri, masd. xxxx ´́́́utiutiutiuti

(lit. xútize).

xxxx½½½½

xxxx½½½½vadzi vadzi vadzi vadzi (tox.), xxxx½½½½vaji vaji vaji vaji (Wad.)

“siaruli” (lit. x½vadize).

xxxx½½½½vezi vezi vezi vezi (tox.), xxxx½½½½veJiveJiveJiveJi (Wad.)

“daWera”

(lit. q´veze).

xxxx½½½½vezi vezi vezi vezi (tox.), xxxx½½½½veJiveJiveJiveJi (Wad.) “Tesva”

(lit. x½aze).

xxxx½½½½ibilibilibilibil “gverdi”.

xxxx½½½½ixixixix½½½½zizizizi (tox.), xxxx½½½½ixixixix½½½½JiJiJiJi (Wad.)

“Senaxva”, “movla-patronoba”

(lit. x½ix½ize).

xxxx½½½½ulbuÄuWuulbuÄuWuulbuÄuWuulbuÄuWu “nekni”.

xxxx½½½½umziumziumziumzi (tox.), xxxx½½½½umJiumJiumJiumJi (Wad.)

“ynosva” (lit. súntize).

hhhh

ha ha ha ha “es” (I kl.) (lit. ha-v); Sdr. he.he.he.he.

189

hakaji hakaji hakaji hakaji “mTqnareba” (lit.

hakadize).

halmaR halmaR halmaR halmaR “amxanagi”, mr. halmaRTi.halmaRTi.halmaRTi.halmaRTi.

hadin hadin hadin hadin “ase, amgvarad”.

hanhanhanhan “xorci”.

harin Áas harin Áas harin Áas harin Áas “sapatarZlo”,

“daniSnuli qali”.

harZiharZiharZiharZi (tox.), harjiharjiharjiharji (Wad.)

“Txovna” (lit. harize).

hahzihahzihahzihahzi “TamaSi” (lit. b-asandize).

hehehehe “es” (II kl.) (lit. haÁ); Sdr. hahahaha.

hebhebhebheb “eg” (III kl.).

hehehehe----bbbb----eseseses ´́́́iiii “laparaki” (lit.

kalÀaze).

hedinhedinhedinhedin “egre”.

hetarabhetarabhetarabhetarab “mrude”.

hve hve hve hve “ZaRli” (lit. hoÁ).

hiJehiJehiJehiJe “axla” (lit. hanJe).

himJihimJihimJihimJi “gaRimeba” (lit. himize).

hinShinShinShinS ´́́́iiii “Rimili”.

hiyzihiyzihiyzihiyzi (tox.), hiyJihiyJihiyJihiyJi (Wad.)

“SekiTxva” (lit. hiyize).

hobohobohobohobo “wisqvili”.

hobolhobolhobolhobol “stumari”.

hodalhodalhodalhodal “saxsrebi”.

hodorahodorahodorahodora----bbbb “carieli”.

holhomTiholhomTiholhomTiholhomTi “sigrile” (lit.

hohomi).

hotvenZihotvenZihotvenZihotvenZi (tox.), hotvenjihotvenjihotvenjihotvenji (Wad.)

“waReba” (lit. bosun ine).

howhowhowhow ´́́́u u u u “Tafli” (lit. howó).

hubuzihubuzihubuzihubuzi (tox.), hubuJihubuJihubuJihubuJi (Wad.)

“keTeba” (lit. habize).

hubuzihubuzihubuzihubuzi “kerva” (lit. buyize).

hudulhudulhudulhudul “megobari”, mr. hudulTihudulTihudulTihudulTi.

hudulTihudulTihudulTihudulTi “megobroba” (lit.

hudullÀi).

hudumethudumethudumethudumet¾¾¾¾elelelel “idayvi”(lit.

Äunkrut¾).

hukelhukelhukelhukel “filtvi”, mr. huklal.huklal.huklal.huklal.

humhumhumhum “ablabuda”, “obobis qseli”.

humareCelhumareCelhumareCelhumareCel “oboba” (lit.nusireC).

humekalhumekalhumekalhumekal “saxe”.

humerhumerhumerhumer “saxe”.

hurihurihurihuri “qari”.

huwuhuwuhuwuhuwu “Cumad” (lit. b-uwúhún).

190

hhhh ´́́́

hhhh ´́́́al al al al “Zala, SeZleba, Rone”.

hhhh ´́́́alayab alayab alayab alayab “gamxdari”, “mWle”.

hhhh ´́́́alayTialayTialayTialayTi “sigamxdre”.

hhhh ´́́́amaamaamaama ‘viri”.

hhhh ´́́́aÁvan aÁvan aÁvan aÁvan “cxoveli”.

hhhh ´́́́aÁvanalaÁvanalaÁvanalaÁvanal “Zroxebi, msxvilfexa hhhh ´́́́afaraafaraafaraafara “matli, Wia”.

saqoneli (krebiTi mniSvnelobiT)

(lit. háÁvanal “cxovelebi”).

hhhh ´́́́alayTizialayTizialayTizialayTizi (tox.), hhhh ´́́́alayTiJialayTiJialayTiJialayTiJi

(Wad.) hhhh ´́́́elequelequelequelequ ‘mamali”.

“gaxdoma” (lit. azine).

hhhh ´́́́alwialwialwialwi (tox.), hhhh ´́́́alWialWialWialWi (Wad.)

“muSaoba” (lit. háltize).

hhhh ´́́́amaamaamaama “viri”.

hhhh ´́́́amagagaamagagaamagagaamagaga “gvirila”.

hhhh ´́́́amilamilamilamilmaRamaRamaRamaRa “Svita” (bot.).

hhhh ´́́́anananan “yveli”.

hhhh ´́́́ankalankalankalankal “xinkali” (lit. xínk, mr.

xínkal).

hhhh ´́́́anWanWanWanW ´́́́il tenWil tenWil tenWil tenW ´́́́ “bartyi”.

hhhh ´́́́atalabatalabatalabatalab “ukanali”.

hhhh ´́́́afaraafaraafaraafara “matli, Wia”.

hhhh ´́́́aCaCaCaC ´́́́ (tox.), hhhh ´́́́acacacac ´́́́ (Wad.) “talaxi”

(lit. hárS´).

hhhh ´́́́ebeTebeTebeTebeT “Sarvali”.

hhhh ´́́́ede ede ede ede “papa, babua” (lit. kudada).

hhhh ´́́́elequelequelequelequ ‘mamali” (lit. héleqo).

hhhh ´́́́encencencenc ´́́́abababab “neli” (lit. híncáb).

hhhh ´́́́eraeraeraera----bbbb “beberi”.

hhhh ´́́́eraCieraCieraCieraCi “berikaci” (lit. xerav

Ci).

hhhh ´́́́erTierTierTierTi “sibere” (xerlÀi).

hhhh ´́́́erTizierTizierTizierTizi “dabereba”(xerlÀize).

hhhh ´́́́erierierieri “bebia” (lit. kodo).

hhhh ´́́́etelaletelaletelaletelalÀ´À´À´Àúl ratul ratul ratul rat¾¾¾¾aaaa “menji”.

hhhh ´́́́varavaravaravara----bbbb “mkvdari” (lit. xvarab).

hhhh ´́́́varaJovaraJovaraJovaraJo “leSi” (lit. balqan).

hhhh ´́́́varaCivaraCivaraCivaraCi “micvalebuli” (lit.

xvarav Ci).

hhhh ´́́́velziboRzivelziboRzivelziboRzivelziboRzi (tox.),

hhhh ´́́́velJiboRJivelJiboRJivelJiboRJivelJiboRJi (Wad.) “gafuWeba”

(lit. xvezabize); Sdr. hhhh ´́́́veJiveJiveJiveJi.

191

hhhh ´́́́velZivelZivelZivelZi (tox.), hhhh ´́́́veljiveljiveljivelji (Wad.)

“mokvdoma”, nam. hhhh ´́́́vavavava (lit. xveze).

hhhh ´́́́velvelvelvel “sikvdili” (lit. xvel).

hhhh ´́́́veJi veJi veJi veJi (Wad.) “gafuWeba” (lit.

xvezabize); Sdr. hhhh ´́́́velziboRzivelziboRzivelziboRzivelziboRzi,

hhhh ´́́́velJiboRJivelJiboRJivelJiboRJivelJiboRJi.

hhhh ´́́́inWinWinWinW ´́́́ (tox.), hhhh ´́́́inwinwinwinw ´́́́ (Wad.) “Citi”.

hhhh ´́́́obobobob “saflavi” (lit. xob).

hhhh ´́́́oltvaraboltvaraboltvaraboltvarab “dampali”.

hhhh ´́́́onoonoonoono “kvercxi” (lit. xono).

hhhh ´́́́orororor “tba”.

hhhh ´́́́ohohohoh ´́́́ // hhhh ´́́́uhuhuhuh ´́́́ “batkani” (lit. xúx´).

hhhh ´́́́udurguudurguudurguudurgu “mzad” (lit. hádur).

hhhh ´́́́udurTiziudurTiziudurTiziudurTizi “mzadeba” (lit.

húdurlÀize).

hhhh ´́́́urururur “mtveri”.

hhhh ´́́́urururur “yana” (lit. xur).

hhhh ´́́́usususus ´́́́ “joxi” (lit. til).

hhhh ´́́́ut ut ut ut “Wia”.

ÃÃÃÃ

ÃaT ÃaT ÃaT ÃaT “TaTi” (lit. qvaW).

Ãal Ãal Ãal Ãal “kani”.

ÃamJiÃamJiÃamJiÃamJi “motaceba” (lit. Ãamize).

ÃaraÃÃaraÃÃaraÃÃaraÃ “buCqi”.

ÃaÃaÃaÃaÃaÃaÃaÃa----bbbb “xarbi” (lit. Ãantara-b).

ÃahÃahÃahÃah ´́́́ab ab ab ab “TeTri”.

ÃahÃahÃahÃah ´́́́Ti baziTi baziTi baziTi bazi (tox.) “gaTeneba”

(lit. rohine); Sdr. rohJirohJirohJirohJi.

ÃvaziÃvaziÃvaziÃvazi (tox.), ÃvaJiÃvaJiÃvaJiÃvaJi (Wad.) “wera”,

nam. ÃvaÃvaÃvaÃva (lit. Ãvaze).

ÃveljiÃveljiÃveljiÃvelji “dakvra” (lit. Ãveze).

ÃveqÃveqÃveqÃveq “Zera”.

Ãizan Ãizan Ãizan Ãizan (tox.), ÃiJanÃiJanÃiJanÃiJan (Wad.) “bavSvi”,

mr. ÃizanalÃizanalÃizanalÃizanal (tox.), ÃiJanalÃiJanalÃiJanalÃiJanal

(Wad.), TimalTimalTimalTimal (lit. lÀimer, mr.

lÀimal).

ÃizanÃizanÃizanÃizan----royroyroyroy “ojaxi” (lit. Ãizan).

ÃiliÃiliÃiliÃili “Txili”.

ÄÄÄÄ

ÄagarTi ÄagarTi ÄagarTi ÄagarTi “naTesaoba”,

“naTesavebi”.

192

Äadal Äadal Äadal Äadal “briyvi, suleli” (lit.

Äabdal).

ÄadalTi ÄadalTi ÄadalTi ÄadalTi “sisulele” (lit.

ÄabdallÀi).

ÄadamÄadamÄadamÄadam “adamiani” (lit. Äadan).

ÄadamÄadamÄadamÄadam “qali” (lit. W´uJu).

ÄadaÁÄadaÁÄadaÁÄadaÁ “amaod, tyuil-ubralod”

(lit. Äadada).

ÄadamahÄadamahÄadamahÄadamah ´́́́oooo “tvini” (lit.

Äadalnax).

ÄalaÄalaÄalaÄala “Waki”.

ÄaloÃanCiÄaloÃanCiÄaloÃanCiÄaloÃanCi // ÄuloÃanCiÄuloÃanCiÄuloÃanCiÄuloÃanCi

“ymawvili, jeeli” (lit.

ÄoloÃanCi).

Äanakil tenWÄanakil tenWÄanakil tenWÄanakil tenW “wiwila”.

ÄanakuÄanakuÄanakuÄanaku “qaTami”.

ÄankÄankÄankÄank “kurdReli”.

ÄanZiÄanZiÄanZiÄanZi (tox.), ÄanjiÄanjiÄanjiÄanji (Wad.)

“tirili” (lit. Äodize).

ÄarasÄarasÄarasÄaras (tox.), ÄaraSÄaraSÄaraSÄaraS (Wad.) “fuli”

(lit. Äarac).

ÄarSÄarSÄarSÄarS ´́́́ (tox.), ÄarsÄarsÄarsÄars ´́́́ (Wad.) “Toki” ÄunJruyÄunJruyÄunJruyÄunJruy “zRarbi”.

(lit. rux½en).

ÄatÄatÄatÄat “fqvili”.

ÄatiÁab ÄatiÁab ÄatiÁab ÄatiÁab “farTo” (lit. Äatidab).

ÄaqaÄaqaÄaqaÄaqa “Zroxa”, mr. hhhh ´́́́aÁvanal.aÁvanal.aÁvanal.aÁvanal.

ÄaWarÄaWarÄaWarÄaWar “dekeuli”.

ÄebÄebÄebÄeb “danaSauli”, “brali” (lit.

ÄaÁib).

ÄedinÄedinÄedinÄedin // ÄidinÄidinÄidinÄidin “msgavsad”, Äali

muh´amad Äedin quTaqa Te‡u “ali

muhamadisaviT (muhamadis

msgavsad) Ronieri ar aris” (lit.

Äadin).

ÄeleWaÄeleWaÄeleWaÄeleWa----bbbb “uSno”, “maxinji” (tox.)

(lit. suruya-b); Sdr. SuruyaSuruyaSuruyaSuruya----bbbb.

ÄemeraÄemeraÄemeraÄemera----bbbb // ÄemeraÄemeraÄemeraÄemera----llll “bevri”.

Äen tamzi “mosmena”, yuris gdeba”

(lit. Äin tamize).

ÄesÄesÄesÄes ´́́́ “niCabi”.

ÄetÄetÄetÄet “ofli”.

ÄexÄexÄexÄex½½½½iWiWiWiW “zRapari” (lit. marha).

ÄveziÄveziÄveziÄvezi “kmareba” (lit. Äeze).

ÄiÄiÄiÄi “cxvari” (krebiTi

mniSvnelobiT)

ÄinÄinÄinÄin “yuri”.

ÄinyaÄinyaÄinyaÄinya “yru” (lit. Äinya-v).

ÄinyTiziÄinyTiziÄinyTiziÄinyTizi “dayrueba” (lit.

ÄinylÀize).

ÄinCuÄinCuÄinCuÄinCu “loya” (lit. kart¾en).

ÄinWil ÄinWil ÄinWil ÄinWil “toti”, mr. ÄanWlal ÄanWlal ÄanWlal ÄanWlal

(lit. Äart¾el).

ÄisiÄisiÄisiÄisi (tox.), ÄiSiÄiSiÄiSiÄiSi (Wad.) “zvavi”

(lit. Äansi).

ÄisÄisÄisÄis ´́́́inainainaina----bbbb “wvrili”.

193

ÄiSdiÄiSdiÄiSdiÄiSdi “najaxi, culi” (lit.

ÄaSti).

ÄodÄodÄodÄod “boseli, gomuri” (lit.

bot¾).

ÄoduÃÄoduÃÄoduÃÄoduÃ “Soriaxlos”, “gverdiT”.

ÄorÄorÄorÄor “mdinare”.

ÄorwziÄorwziÄorwziÄorwzi (tox.), ÄorWJiÄorWJiÄorWJiÄorWJi (Wad.)

“gaZRoma” (lit. Äorwize).

Äumru hubuÁÄumru hubuÁÄumru hubuÁÄumru hubuÁ “cxovreba” (lit.

Äumru habize).

ÄunkÄunkÄunkÄunk ´́́́ “Tagvi”.

ÄunJruyÄunJruyÄunJruyÄunJruy “zRarbi”.

ÄuntuÄuntuÄuntuÄuntu “axlos, gverdiT”.

ÄuÄerdiziÄuÄerdiziÄuÄerdiziÄuÄerdizi (tox.), ÄuÄverjiÄuÄverjiÄuÄverjiÄuÄverji (Wad.)

“yvirili, Zaxili”, nam. ÄuÄerdriÄuÄerdriÄuÄerdriÄuÄerdri

(lit. ah´deze

194

lllliteraturaiteraturaiteraturaiteratura

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