ucxo enis, rogorc meore enisucxo enis, rogorc meore enis, ,,,...

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa dasaqarTvelos ganaTlebisa dasaqarTvelos ganaTlebisa dasaqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministromecnierebis saministromecnierebis saministromecnierebis saministro

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetiSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetiSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetiSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti

ganaTlebisganaTlebisganaTlebisganaTlebisaaaa da mecnierebaTa fakultetida mecnierebaTa fakultetida mecnierebaTa fakultetida mecnierebaTa fakulteti

TaTia nakaSiZeTaTia nakaSiZeTaTia nakaSiZeTaTia nakaSiZe----maxaraZemaxaraZemaxaraZemaxaraZe

ucxo enis, rogorc meore enisucxo enis, rogorc meore enisucxo enis, rogorc meore enisucxo enis, rogorc meore enis,,,, swavleba/swavlis swavleba/swavlis swavleba/swavlis swavleba/swavlis

mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa dialogis” asaxva umaRlesi mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa dialogis” asaxva umaRlesi mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa dialogis” asaxva umaRlesi mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa dialogis” asaxva umaRlesi

sssskolis saganmanaTleblo programebSikolis saganmanaTleblo programebSikolis saganmanaTleblo programebSikolis saganmanaTleblo programebSi

dddd i i i i ssss eeee rrrr tttt aaaa cccc i i i i aaaa

ganaTlebisganaTlebisganaTlebisganaTlebis doqtoris doqtoris doqtoris doqtoris akademiuri akademiuri akademiuri akademiuri xarisxisxarisxisxarisxisxarisxis mosapoveblad mosapoveblad mosapoveblad mosapoveblad

((((specialoba specialoba specialoba specialoba –––– ganaTlebis didaqtikaganaTlebis didaqtikaganaTlebis didaqtikaganaTlebis didaqtika))))

mecniermecniermecniermecnier xelmZRvanelixelmZRvanelixelmZRvanelixelmZRvaneli

pedagogiur mecnierebaTa doqtori pedagogiur mecnierebaTa doqtori pedagogiur mecnierebaTa doqtori pedagogiur mecnierebaTa doqtori cialacialacialaciala megrelaZemegrelaZemegrelaZemegrelaZe

baTumi baTumi baTumi baTumi

2012201220122012

2

sarCevisarCevisarCevisarCevi gv.

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

TaviTaviTaviTavi I.I.I.I. ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTuleucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTuleucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTuleucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebisbisbisbis ---- ,,kulturaTa ,,kulturaTa ,,kulturaTa ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” wvlili dialogis” wvlili dialogis” wvlili dialogis” wvlili ((((saganmanaTleblosaganmanaTleblosaganmanaTleblosaganmanaTleblo programebiT aRprogramebiT aRprogramebiT aRprogramebiT aRweriliweriliweriliwerili

swavlis swavlis swavlis swavlis SedegebiSedegebiSedegebiSedegebis miRwevaSis miRwevaSis miRwevaSis miRwevaSi))))--------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

$$$$ 1.1.1.1. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis

mizanSewonilobis problema--------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

$ 2.$ 2.$ 2.$ 2. ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis - ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis formebi--------------------------------44

$$$$ 3333. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” kompetenciebi---------------------------------------------------------53

3333. 1.zogadi kompetenciebi---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57

3333. 2. dargobrivi kompetenciebi------------------------------------------------------------------------------70

3333. 3. originaluri kompetenciebi---------------------------------------------------------------------------77

Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi II. II. II. II. kulturaTa dialogis kulturaTa dialogis kulturaTa dialogis kulturaTa dialogis saswavlo procesis marTsaswavlo procesis marTsaswavlo procesis marTsaswavlo procesis marTvavavava da studentis mier da studentis mier da studentis mier da studentis mier

miRweuli SmiRweuli SmiRweuli SmiRweuli Sedegebis Sefasebaedegebis Sefasebaedegebis Sefasebaedegebis Sefaseba--------------------------------------------------------------------------------84

$ 1. swavleba/swavlis sakiTxisaTvis--------------------------------------------------------------------84

$ 2. studentTa codnis Sefasebis komponentebisa da kriteriumebis SerCeva--98

2. 1. portfolio rogorc studentis swavlis Sedegebisa

da kompetenciebis miRwevis Sefasebis forma---------------------------------------------------117

$ 3. kvalifikaciis miRweuli donis diagnostirebisaTvis TviTSefasebis

matricis gamoyeneba----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122

$ 4. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saswavlo procesis marTvis

organizaciis formebi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------133

4.1. leqciis modelebi-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------133

4.2. modelebi seminaris dagegmvisaTvis---------------------------------------------------------------140

4.3. fragmentebi ucxoelTa gamocdilebidan------------------------------------------------------144

4.4. modulis da silabusis nimuSebi------------------------------------------------------------------148

Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi III. III. III. III. umaRlesi skolumaRlesi skolumaRlesi skolumaRlesi skolis maswavleblis TviTefeqtuis maswavleblis TviTefeqtuis maswavleblis TviTefeqtuis maswavleblis TviTefeqturobis robis robis robis SefasebSefasebSefasebSefasebaaaa------------151515155555

$ 1. TviTefeqturoba, rogorc inovaciuri saqmianobis xarisxis

ganmsazRvreli ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------155

$ 2. TviTefeqturobis amaRlebis saSualebebi---------------------------------------------------162

ddddaskvnebiaskvnebiaskvnebiaskvnebi----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------167

literatura_____________literatura_____________literatura_____________literatura_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________171

3

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

Temis aqtualoba:Temis aqtualoba:Temis aqtualoba:Temis aqtualoba: umaRlesi skolis mTavari mizani _ studentisaTvis

saukeTeso, xarisxiani ganaTlebis miwodeba xorcieldeba ganaTlebis

erTiani evropuli sivrcis Seqmnis pirobebSi. sazogadoebis cvalebadi

saWiroebebis, dasaqmebis amJamindeli da samomavlo moTxovnebis

uzrunvelyofisaTvis Seiqmna mniSvnelovani rekomendaciebi, programebi,

proeqtebi. am mimarTulebiT aRsaniSnavia evrosabWos ganaTlebis

komitetisa da ucxouri enebis ganyofilebis mier Sedgenili ,,enebis

erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo” (evrosabWo 2001), romlis

mizania Seqmnas kvalifikaciis gansazRvrisaTvis enis codnis saerTo

baza da xeli Seuwyos maswavleblebis, programebis Semdgenlebis,

sertifikatis gamcemi organizaciebisa da enebis swavlebis

administratorebis SeTanxmebul moqmedebas.

enebis erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo gansazRvravs enis

flobis sam dones: A, B, C, romlebic swavlebis safexurebis mixedviT eqvs

ganStoebad iyofa: dawyebiTi skola _ A1 done, sabazo da saSualo

safexuri _ A 2 done, XII klasi da profesiuli skola _ B1 done,

bakalavriati _ B2 done, magistratura _ C1 done, doqturantura _ C2

done (aRniSnuli doneebi gaTvaliswinebulia maTTvis, visTvisac ucxo ena

ZiriTadi specialobaa, xolo imaTTvis, visTvisac ucxo ena meore enaa, es

doneebi erTi maCvenebliT dabla iwevs).

ucxouri enis swavleba/swavlisaTvis Camoyalibebulia eqvsi

mimarTuleba: mosmena, laparaki, kiTxva, wera, swavlis swavla, kulturaTa

dialogi.

saqarTvelo, rogorc evrosabWos wevri erT-erTi qveyana, aRiarebs da

pativs scems evrosabWos mier miRebul rekomendaciebs yvela sferoSi,

maT Soris, ganaTlebis sferoSic, ganaTlebis erovnul miznebSi,

aRniSnulia, rom ucxouri enis codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia erTian

saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi integrireba, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis

srulfasovani realizeba.

4

saerTaSoriso kvlevebis SedegebiT (2005) damsaqmeblisa da

dasaqmebuli kursdamTavrebulebis SefasebiT, yvelaze didi upiratesoba

moipova kompetenciam ,,meore enis codna”, romelic qmnis pirobebs _ gaigo

gansxvavebuli kultura, miiRo igi iseTi, rogoric aris. Ggaixsna mis

mimarT, mxolod ise, rom ar moswyde sakuTar kulturul fesvebs. meore

enis codna aucilebeli gaxda yvela specialobisaTvis da es asaxvas

poulobs saganmanaTleblo programebSi.

saganmanaTleblo programa _ aRniSnulia saqarTvelos kanonSi

`umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (2005) - aris saswavlo kursebis an

modulebis erToblioba: miznebi, amocanebi, Sinaarsi, codnis moculoba

da unar-Cvevebis xarisxiani Sefasebis sistema, saswavlo procesis

organizebis Taviseburebebi da meToduri uzrunvelyofa, romelic

saTanado akademiuri xarisxis mosapovebladaa gamiznuli.

saganmanaTleblo programebis SemuSavebis, dagegmvisa da ganviTarebis

problemebi 2003 wels berlinSi gamarTuli konferenciidan moyolebuli,

evropuli universitetebis centraluri sazrunavi gaxda. sakvanZo

sakiTxi aRmoCnda tradiciuli, akademiuri da profesiuli

Rirebulebebisa da moTxovnebis urTierTmimarTeba. gansxvavebuli

variantebidan upiratesoba mieniWa kompetenciebze dafuZnebul

saganmanaTleblo programebs, romlebic iTvaliswinebs sauniversiteto

ganaTlebisa da kvalifikaciis moTxovnebis Sesabamisobas. (www.bologna-

berlin 2003.de -2003 Berlin Summit on Higher Education http:/ww.bologna-berlin2003.de)

kvalifikaciis moTxovnebis gansazRvris mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo

boloniis procesis farglebSi (romelic umaRlesi ganaTlebis

evropuli sivrcis SeqmnisaTvis evropis umaRlesi saswavleblebis

xelmZRvanelTa mier daiwyo 1999 wels boloniaSi, (www.mes.gov.

ge/uploads/Bologna/1% 20boloniis % 20deklaracia.pdf www.dfes.gov.uk/bologna

www.ond.vlanderen.be) (italia), saqarTvelo SeuerTda 2005 wels) bergeris

samitze (2005) miRebuli ,,kvalifikaciis evropuli CarCos” (EQF), romlis

safuZvelze 2008 wels SemuSavda ,,saqarTvelos akademiuri umaRlesi

ganaTlebis erovnuli kvalifikaciebis CarCo”. (www.ganatleba.ge)

5

,,enebis erTiani sarekomendacio CarCo”, ,,kvalifikaciebis evropuli

CarCo”, ,,umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis erovnuli kvalifikaciebis

CarCo” erTmaneTTan SesabamisobaSia da gansazRvraven saganmanaTleblo

programebiT misaRwevi swavlis Sedegebsa da kompetenciebs sxvadasxva

safexuris doneze: umaRlesi profesiuli ganaTleba, bakalavriati,

magistratura, doqtorantura.

saganmanaTleblo programebSi swavlis Sedegebi da kompetenciebis

formireba xdeba masSi Semavali saswavlo kursis an modulis

saSualebiT. amJamad umaRles skolebSi saswavlo kursebisa da

modulebis SerCevis, Canacvlebis rTuli procesia. gaCnda problema ris

mixedviT, ratom, ra upiratesobiT unda aisaxos esa Tu is saswavlo

kursi an moduli saganmanaTleblo programaSi.

saganmanaTleblo programebSi im specialobebisaTvis, sadac ucxo

ena meore enaa, ucxo enis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” asaxvis aucileblobas gansazRvravs Semdegi faqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebi::::

yvelaze mniSvnelovani ucxo enis Seswavlisas aris sxvadasxva

erovnebis adamianebTan komunikacia. lingvisturi kompetencia _ sityvebis

codna da gramatikis struqturis codna _ avtomaturad ar migviyvans

kulturul kompetenciebamde. kulturuli kompetenciis simcirem ki

namdvilad SeiZleba warmoqmnas gaugebroba, romelic xSirad

samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis warumateblobis mizezic xdeba. ucxouri enis

Seswavlisas ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saSualebiT xdeba ucxo cxovrebis

wesebis, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis, tradiciebis, kulturis aRmoCena,

gacnoba, gamoyeneba, igi xels uwyobs kulturuli wignierebis

dauflebas, rac niSnavs waikiTxo, miiRo ucxo kultura da gaacnobiero,

rom TiToeuli adamianis qceva kulturuli TaviseburebebiT aris

ganpirobebuli.

kultura Sedgeba sxvadasxva urTierTdakavSirebuli kategoriisagan:

produqti (masala, nawarmi) _ literatura, folklori, xelovneba, musika,

tradiciebi. ideebi _ rwmena, Rirebulebebi, institutebi. qcevebi _ Cveu-

leba, adaTi, sxeulis ena (Jestikulacia), Cacmuloba, sakvebi, Tavisufali

dro.

6

,,Tu Cven gvinda, rom davexmaroT studentebs rom iyvnen kompetenturi

gamomyenebelni ucxouri enisa, Tanabari yuradReba unda davuTmoT samive

kategorias enis swavlebis mTel manZilze” (r.loudeni 2000:115). drois

moTxovnad iqca ,,kulturaTa dialogis” Seswavla. sxva qveynis

tradiciebis, mimarTvis etiketis arcodnam SeiZleba uxerxuli,

arasasurveli garemo Seqmnas studentebs Soris, aseve studentebsa da

leqtorebs Soris.

saintereso naSromebi mieZRvna ucxouri enis SeswavlasTan kulturis

Seswavlis problemebs:

kramxis (1993:24) mosazrebiT enis swavlebisas kulturis swavleba

ori perspeqtiviT ganixileba. erTs miekuTvneba faqtobrivi, kulturuli

informaciis gadacema, romelic Sedgeba statistikuri informaciisagan,

literaturasa da xelovnebisagan da meore informacia, romelic aqcents

akeTebs wesebsa da Cveulebebze, folklorsa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaze.

lazard-klaustoni (1997) aRniSnavs, rom warsulSi xalxi swavlobda

ucxo enas, raTa eswavlaT ucxo literatura da es iyo mTavari Sualedi

kulturisa. kiTxvis saSualebiT swavlobdnen studentebi civilizaciis

Sesaxeb, romelic asocirdeboda samizne enasTan. amJamad ki sxvadasxva

kulturis studentTa urTierToba yoveldRiuri saqmianoba

aucilebloba gaxda, ramac gaaZliera ucxo enis swavleba/swavlis

aqcenti kulturaTa dialogis mimarTulebiT.

meore faqtorad migvaCnia is rom evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebis

saswavlo dawesebulebebi did yuradRebas uTmoben sazogadoebasa da

individSi mravalenovnebis ganviTarebas, xels uwyoben enis swavlebis

saerTaSoriso urTierTobis gaRrmavebas; cdiloben aamaRlon motivireba

imisaTvis, rom moizidon ucxoeli studentebi, gaTvaliswinebulia

interkulturuli momzadebac, rasac aqtiurad iyeneben saswavlo da

aqtiur cxovrebaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom germaniaSi Seiqmna

interkulturuli kompetenciebis swavlebis amsaxveli

saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic saqarTveloSic gamoiyeneba (quTaisi).

drois moTxovniT ucxoeTis umaRlesi saswavleblebi did

mniSvnelobas aniWeben saxelmwifo enis ucxoelTaTvis swavlebas.Mmudmivi

yuradRebis centrSia saxelmwifo enis, aseve, ucxo enis swavlebis

7

ganviTareba. saswavlo seqtorebSi studentebs sxvadasxva qveynis

saswavlo dawesebulebebidan iwveven da maT enobriv da kulturul

momzadebas uzrunvelyofen.

sakmaod gaizarda gacvliT programebSi monawile studentTa da

leqtorTa raodenobac, rasac mohyva studentTa sxvadasxva qveynis

universitetebSi mobilobis mniSvnelovani gazrda. Mmarto aWaris

regionidan ucxoeTSi swavlobs 100-ze meti studenti, rsu-Si gadmovida

40-mde studenti, xolo moklevadiani programebiT 70 studentze meti.

orive SemTxvevaSi dgeba sakiTxi kulturaTa dialogis mimarTulebiT

gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis Seswavlisa, gansakuTrebiT im

specialobebisaTvis, sadac ucxo ena meore enaa.

mesame faqtoria, ,,kulturaTa dialogis” swavleba/swavlis sakiTxTan

pluralingvisturi aRzrdis pedagogiuri amocanis dakavSireba.

evrosabWo pluralingvizms ganixilavs pedagogikur speqtrSi

(,,saganmanaTleblo politikis SemuSaveba”, EevrosabWo, 2002) da Tvlis,

rom pluralingvisturi aRzrda aucilebeli momentia individualuri

mobilurobisa profesiul Tu ekonomikur aspeqtSi. misi mizania

moqalaqeTa cnobierebaSi sazogadoebrivi da erovnuli Semwynareblobis

ganviTareba. pluralingvisturi codna-Cveva aRzrdis procesSi moipoveba.

pluralingvisturad aRzrdis procesSi individi Seexeba misTvis

ucxo, gansxvavebul enasa Tu kulturas, azrovnebis gansxvavebul formas,

ris Sedegadac igi ufro gamokveTilad gaiazrebs sakuTar erovnul Tu

pirovnul TviTmyofadobas da gansxvavebuli samyarosadmi kidev ufro

Semwynarebeli gaxdeba. pluralingvizmi uwyveti ganaTlebiT xasiaTdeba.

igi pirovnebaSi mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi viTardeba. individi

Seiswavlis enebs da SeiZens kulturul kompetenciebs sicocxlis

sxvadasxva saWiroebisa da miznis mixedviT.

pluralingvizmis ganviTareba exmareba pirovnebas _ aRiqvas

kulturaTa da enaTa mravalferovneba, rogorc simdidre, gaidgas fesvebi

sakuTar TviTmyofadobaSi, raTa ar mohyves gaerTgvarovnebis wamlekav

procesSi, gauqres SiSi ucxosa da gansxvavebulis mimarT.

,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis meoTxe

faqtoria iseTi winapiroba, rogoricaa saqarTvelos zogadi saSualo

8

ganaTlebis ,,ucxouri enebis saswavlo gegmebis~ (2007) ageba ,,enebis

erTiani sarekomendacio CarCos” safuZvelze.

ucxouri enebis erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romelic miznad da

amocanad isaxavs: moswavles Camouyalibos sxva kulturis

warmomadgenelTan warmatebuli komunikaciis ganxorcielebis,

gansxvavebuli kulturuli konteqstebisa da teqstebis agebis, nebismieri

enobrivi kulturuli TviTmyofadobis dafasebisa da pativiscemis unari;

aRzardos pozitiuri damokidebuleba kulturuli mravalferovnebis

gamovlinebisadmi, aamaRlos interesi ucxo samyaros mimarT,

iTvaliswinebs ucxo enis swavleba/swavlis rekomendebul eqvsive

mimarTulebas. maT Soris, mimarTuleba ,,kulturaTa dialogi~

gaTvaliswinebulia yvela klasSi misaRwevi standartebisa da

indikatorebis mixedviT.

saswavlo gegmis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad saSualo skolis

kursdamTavrebuli aRWurvilia Sesabamisi codniT, aqvs garkveuli

gamocdileba ucxouri enis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” sferoSi, anu miRweuli aqvs enis flobis pirveli done

(dawyebiTi, sabazo da saSualo skolis safexurebi).

realurad Seqmnilia swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” umaRlesi skolis sastarto done. saWiroa miRweuli donidan

momdevno doneze gadasvla, risi safuZvelia, erTis mxriv, saqarTvelos

kanonebi: `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (2004) da `umaRlesi ganaTlebis

Sesaxeb~ (2005), romelTa mixedviT saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema

moicavs safexurebs. Mmomdevno safexuri miiRweva wina safexuris gavlis

Semdeg. meore mxriv safexurebis mixedviT ganaTlebis Sesaxeb

didaqtikuri principebi: swavlebis Tanmimdevroba, uwyvetoba da

sistemuroba. codnis miRebisa da unar-Cvevebis SeTvisebis procesi

mimdinareobs kanonzomierad, sistemuri wesiT: TiToeuli Semdgomi

Teoriuli codna Tu unar-Cveva gamomdinareobs ganvlilidan, xolo

winandeli ganviTarebas momdevnoSi poulobs. iqmneba codnisa da unar-

Cvevebis sistema, romelSic aisaxeba piradi gamocdilebis dakvirvebis

SesaZleblobani, romlebic Semdgom ganviTarebasa da gaZlierebas

saWiroeben (lorTqifaniZe, 1967; amonaSvili, 1988; gobroniZe, 2000).

9

amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom progresul ganaTlebaSi mTavaria

swavla gamocdilebiT, masSi nagulisxmevia: a) uwyvetoba _ roca wina

gamocdileba adamianis Semdgom codnas ganapirobebs, b) interaqcia,

romelic aRwers da xsnis imas, Tu rogor urTierTqmedebs warsuli

gamocdileba awmyo situaciaze axali gamocdilebis SesamuSaveblad.

gamocdilebiT swavlebis SemTxvevaSi adamianebi eCvevian saukeTeso

miRwevis swavlis Sedegebis Sefasebasa da miznebis dasaxvas axali

masalis ukeT gagebisaTvis. Aarsebul, SeTvisebul codnas gavlena aqvs

SesaZen codnaze. sasurveli Sedegis miRwevis Semdeg xdeba gadasvla

ganviTarebis momdevno zonaSi da ase dausrulebliv _ erTi codna qmnis

meore codnas. Aadamianis inteleqtualuri ganviTareba moicavs meTodur

winsvlas gonebis mier SeZenili codnis gamoyenebaSi. igi damokidebulia

gaumjobesebul enobriv unarebsa da sistemur swavlaze (lev vigotski

(1934), jon diui (1952), karl rojersi (1987), jerom bruneri (1995)).

mexuTe faqtoria sabazro moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebis

aucilebloba, radgan saganmanaTleblo programebis xarisxis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi ganmsazRvrelia dasaqmebis sfero. damsaqmeblebma daiwyes

universitetebisadmi gazrdili moTxovnebis wayeneba da moiTxoves ara

marto ukeT aRwera imisa, Tu ra icis studentma, aramed imisac, Tu risi

gakeTeba SeeZleba mas realurad saganmanaTleblo programebis

dasrulebis Semdeg.

Cvens regionSi dasaqmebisaTvis mzaobis xarisxis amaRlebaSi

,,kulturaTa dialogis” wvlilis saWiroebis gansazRvrisaTvis

SeviswavleT sabazro moTxovnebi. Seswavla ganxorcielda internetSi

ganTavsebuli TanamdebobaTa dasakavebeli konkursis pirobebis gacnobiT,

sxvadasxva jgufTan intervius CatarebiT. Sedegma cxadyo, rom

sakurorto infrastruqturis ganviTarebam, sazRvao da sabanko saqmis

gafarToebam, ekonomikaSi ucxoel investorTa CarTvam, ucxoel

specialistebTan partniorulma urTierTobebma gazarda moTxovna iseT

specialistebze, romlebic enis codnis garda floben iseT

kompetenciebs, romlebic miiRweva ,,kulturaTa dialogis”

swavleba/swavlis procesSi. Aam mimarTulebiT miznobrivi gadamzadebebic

10

ki mimdinareobs. MmagaliTad, sakurorto sferos muSakTaTvis erTi wlis

ganmavlobaSi oTxjer Catarda treningi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom dasaqmebis sakonkurso pirobebi saqarTvelosa da

ucxoeTis qveynebSi TiTqmis erTnairia turizmis sferosa da sazRvao

saqmeSi.

amrigad, ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” umaRlesi skolis saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis

aucilebloba ganpirobebulia ganaTlebis erTiani evropuli sivrcis

SeqmnasTan dakavSirebuli realuri viTarebiT; ganaTlebis didaqtikuri

principebiT, sakomunikacio bazis moTxovnebiT. dasaqmebis sabazro

pirobebiT.

ucxouri enebis silabusebis Seswavla (im specialobebze, sadac

ucxo ena meore enaa) cxadyofs, rom ,,kulturaTa dialogis”

swavleba/swavlis sakiTxebi SinaarsSi zogierT SemTxvevaSi zogadad

CarTulia, magram calke mimarTulebad gamoyofili ar aris, maSin,

rodesac ,,enebis erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCos” mixedviT, mas,

rogorc erT-erT mimarTulebas, Tavisi mizani, amocanebi da misaRwevi

Sedegebi aqvs.

ucxouri enis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” umaRlesi skolis saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxva

moiTxovs axali midgomebis danergvas, romelSic igulisxmeba

swavleba/swavlis meTodebi (instrumentebi), xerxebi, saswavlo procesis

organizaciis saxeebi, Sefasebis formebi. upirvelesad, sakiTxi exeba

swavlis Sedegebis, anu kompetenciaTa miRwevis maxasiaTeblebisa da

doneebis gansazRvras.

reformirebuli umaRlesi skolis bakalavriatis, magistraturis

kursis gavlam, umaRles skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis piradma

gamocdilebam, ganaTlebis, ucxouri enebis filologiis sferoSi

sxvadasxva treningSi, sazafxulo skolaSi _ ,,erTiani evropuli

samezoblo politika” _ monawileobam, Targmanis sakiTxebze muSaobam

ganapiroba daintereseba ,,kulturaTa dialogis” swavleba/swavlis

problemiT. ganaTlebis doqtoranturaSi sakvlevi Temis gansazRvris

Semdeg internetSi ganvaTavse informacia, sadac mivuTiTe sakvlevi

11

problema, zogierT sakiTxze Tezisebi da viTxove amave problemaze

momuSaveTa gamoxmaureba. miviRe ramdenime saintereso informacia, sadac

ZiriTadad gamoxatuli iyo problemis arCevanis mowoneba, saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi mTavazobdnen daxmarebas konsultaciis saxiT, miwvevdnen

konferenciebze (SemoTavazebebi miviRe nawilobriv), riTac problemis

aqtualoba da misi gadaWris gzebis Ziebis aucilebloba kidev ufro

cxadi gaxda.

kvlevis mizani:kvlevis mizani:kvlevis mizani:kvlevis mizani: ucxouri enis, rogorc meore enis, swavleba/swavlis

mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa dialogis” umaRlesi skolis

saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis, mizanSewonilobis, misaRwevi

kompetenciebis, saswavlo procesis marTvis, studentTa codnis

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebis, meTodebis, gansazRvra.

kvlevis amocanebi: kvlevis amocanebi: kvlevis amocanebi: kvlevis amocanebi:

1.1.1.1. ucxouri enis, rogorc meore enis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis

,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis

mizanSewonilobis dasabuTeba, saswavlo erTeulis formebisa da

,,kulturaTa dialogis” misaRwevi kompetenciebis gansazRvra.

2.2.2.2. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saswavlo procesis marTvisaTvis

swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis gamoyeneba, mowinave

gamocdilebis Seswavla, modelebis Seqmna. studentTa codnis

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis kriteriumebis, komponentebis formebis,

meTodebis, sqemebis SerCeva.

3.3.3.3. umaRles skolaSi ,,kulturaTa dialogis” maswavleblis

inovaciuri saqmianobis xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis TviTefeqturobis

Sefasebis mniSvnelobis gansazRvra.

kvlevis hipoTeza:kvlevis hipoTeza:kvlevis hipoTeza:kvlevis hipoTeza: ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis

,,kulturaTa dialogis” umaRlesi skolis saganmanaTleblo programaSi

saswavlo kursis an modulis erTeulad asaxva (im specialobebisaTvis,

sadac ucxo ena meore enaa) da Sesabamisi saswavlo procesis dagegmva,

kompetenciaTa gansazRvra, codnis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebis

arCeva xels Seuwyobs: studentTa mier kvalifikaciis kompetenciebis

miRwevas, dasaqmebisaTvis mzaobis xarisxis amaRlebas, saganmanaTleblo

programebiT misaRwevi Sedegebis srulyofas.

12

kvlevis meTodebi:kvlevis meTodebi:kvlevis meTodebi:kvlevis meTodebi: wyaroebis analizi, SedarebiTi analizi,

dakvirveba, gamocdilebis Seswavla, interviu, statistikuri cxrilebis

monacemTa damuSaveba, internetresursebis moZieba da daxarisxeba,

gamoricxvis meTodi, anketuri gamokiTxva, kvleviTi esse, testireba,

modelireba, kvleviTi seminari.

kvlevaSi gamoyenebul iqna iseTi meTodi, rogoricaa: sacdeli

muSaoba, (specialurad organizebuli cda), misi meSveobiT moxda axali

pirobebis, meTodebis, varaudebis, modelebis gasinjva, Semowmeba.

KKKK kvlkvlkvlkvlevis meTodologia:evis meTodologia:evis meTodologia:evis meTodologia: kvlevis strategia moicavs raodenobrivi da

Tvisobrivi kvlevis komponentebs. gaTvaliswinebuli iyo kvlevis proces-

Si SesaZlo dadebiTi an uaryofiTi Sedegebis miReba. saWiroebis SemTxve-

vaSi, SeirCa samizne jgufebi da gamoiyo kvlevis etapebi. kvlevis Sede-

gebis sandoobisaTvis respodentebTan ganxilul iqna intervius, statis-

tikuri cxrilebis, testebis, Sedgenili nimuSebisa da CamonaTvalis da-

muSavebuli variantebi.Kkvlevis Sedegebis standartizaciis mizniT gani-

sazRvra specialuri sqemebi, koeficientebi. kvlevis msvlelobaSi CarTu-

li iqna fokusjgufebi, romlebic Sedgeboda studentebisagan, maswavle-

blebisagan, moswavleebisa da problemiT dainteresebuli pirebisagan. va-

lidobisaTvis kvlevis Sedegebi rekomendaciebis SemuSavebamde waredgi-

naT Sesabamis jgufebs, gaTvaliswinebul iqna maTi SeniSvnebi, winadade-

bebi. intervius meTodis gamoyenebaSi CarTuli iqna internet gamokiTxvac.

KKKK kvlevis kvlevis kvlevis kvlevis materialurmaterialurmaterialurmaterialur----teqnikuri bateqnikuri bateqnikuri bateqnikuri bazazazaza::::

rsu biblioTeka, ganaTlebis fakultetis biblioTeka, baTumis

resurscentris biblioTekis sagranto fondi, videoTeka, baTumis SoTa

rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti,Qakaki wereTlis quTaisis

universiteti, internet biblioTeka, internetsaitebi, baTumis #2 skola,

bsu ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis inglisuri enis,

mTargmnel-referentebis, maTematika-statistikis, kompiuteruli

teqnologiebis specialobebi.

DDDD dasacavad gamosatani sakiTxebi:dasacavad gamosatani sakiTxebi:dasacavad gamosatani sakiTxebi:dasacavad gamosatani sakiTxebi:

• ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” umaRlesi skolis saganmanaTleblo programebSi asaxvis

(im specialobebisaTvis, sadac ucxo ena meore enaa) mizanSewoniloba

13

ganpirobebulia realuri viTarebiT, ganaTlebis uwyvetobis,

sistemurobis, Tanmimdevrobis didaqtikuri principebiT, dasaqmebis

sabazro moTxovnebiT, rasac safuZvlad udevs ,,enebis erTiani

evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo” (evrosabWo, 2001), boloniis

procesis rekomendaciebi (2000-2010), evropis saganmanaTleblo

struqturebis urTierTSewyoba proeqt ,,Tuningis” Sedegebi (2005),

,,saqarTvelos umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis kvalifikaciebis

erovnuli CarCos” (2008) rekomendaciebi.

• ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programebSi asaxva SesaZlebelia

saswavlo sagnis an modulis saxiT. igi SeiZleba iyos ZiriTadi,

damatebiTi, arCeviTi.

• saganmanaTleblo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli kvalifikaciis kompe-

tenciebis miRwevaSi konkretuli wvlilis SetanisaTvis Tanamedrove

moTxovnebisa da saWiroebebis mixedviT, ganisazRvra ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” zogadi, dargobrivi da originaluri kompetenciebi. maTi

miRwevisaTvis SerCeviT gamoiyeneba swavleba/swavlis, axali midgo-

mebi, formebi, meTodebi.

• studentTa codnis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebisaTvis umTavresia

swavlis Sedegebis, kompetenciebisa da kreditebis dagrovebis (ECTS)

transferis sistemis kreditebis dakavSireba. Aamgvari midgoma

ganapirobebs dacul iqnas Sefasebis principebi _ gamWirvaloba,

validoba, obieqturoba, sandooba. Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis

gamoyeneba ECTS sistemis rekomendebuli, mowinave gamocdilebiT da

kvleviT miRebuli formebi.

• umaRles skolaSi ,,kulturaTa dialogis” maswavleblis mier

sainovacio saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis mniSvnelovania

TviTefeqturobis Sefasebis xarisxis amaRleba. saamisod sasurvelia

miznobrvi treningebis, diagnostikisa da prognozirebis meTodze

dafuZnebuli saqmianobis ganxorcieleba.

KKKK kvlevis mecnieruli siaxlekvlevis mecnieruli siaxlekvlevis mecnieruli siaxlekvlevis mecnieruli siaxle: disertaciaSi kvlevis Sedegebi

umaRlesi skolis saganmanaTleblo programaSi saswavlo kursi/moduli

,,kulturaTa dialogi” asaxvisaTvis warmodgenilia saswavlo masalis,

14

saswavlo procesis marTvisa da studentTa mier miRweuli

kompetenciebis, Sedegebis Sefasebisa da gamoyenebis doneze (ra, rogor,

risTvis).

ganaTlebis didaqtika Seivseba umaRles skolaSi (im

specialobebisaTvis, sadac ucxo ena meore enaa) ucxouri enis

swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa dialogis” misaRwevi

kompetenciebiT, saswavlo procesis marTvis, studentTa codnis

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis, dasaqmebisaTvis mzaobis xarisxis amaRlebis

axali midgomebiT; sainovacio saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis umaRlesi

skolis maswavlebelTa TviTefeqturobis amaRlebis gzebisa da

saSualebebis ganmsazRvreli masalebiT.

kvlevis praqtikulikvlevis praqtikulikvlevis praqtikulikvlevis praqtikuli mniSvneloba: mniSvneloba: mniSvneloba: mniSvneloba: kvlevis Sedegebi warmodgenilia

saswavlo procesis aRweris, nimuSebis, modelebis, sqemebis,

rekomendaciebis saxiT, rac zrdis studentTa da maswavlebelTa mier

kvlevis Sedegebis gamoyenebis xarisxs.

KKKK kvlevis Sedegebikvlevis Sedegebikvlevis Sedegebikvlevis Sedegebissss perspeqtiuli gamoyenebis perspeqtiuli gamoyenebis perspeqtiuli gamoyenebis perspeqtiuli gamoyenebis sfesfesfesferoa: roa: roa: roa:

umaRlesi skolis maswavleblebis (saganmanaTleblo programaSi

saswavlo kursis/modulis wvlilis gansazRvra, silabusis Sedgena,

saswavlo procesis dagegmva, warmarTva, studentTa mier miRweuli

Sedegebis Sefaseba.)

M magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis (ganaTlebis didaqtika da sxva

specialobaSi saswavlo da samecniero seminarebis momzadeba).

kvlevis Sedegebi daexmareba saSualo skolis ucxouri enebis

maswavleblebs, moswavleTa mier misaRwevi Sedegebis ukeT gansazRvraSi.

disertaciis struqtura:disertaciis struqtura:disertaciis struqtura:disertaciis struqtura: disertacia Sedgeba: Sesavlis, sami Tavis,

cxra paragrafis, daskvnebisa da gamoyenebuli literaturisagan.

disertaciis Sinaarsi:disertaciis Sinaarsi:disertaciis Sinaarsi:disertaciis Sinaarsi:

pirvel TavSipirvel TavSipirvel TavSipirvel TavSi _ ,,ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis

,,kulturaTa dialogis” wvlili saganmanaTleblo programebiT aRwerili

Sedegebis miRwevaSi” ganxilulia saganmanaTleblo programebiT

dasaxuli Sedegebis miRwevaSi ,,kulturaTa dialogis” asaxvis

mizanSewonilobis pirobebi: ganxilulia erTa da kulturaTa

Tanaarsebobis Tanamedrove Taviseburebebi, kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis

15

formebi, evrosabWos lingvisturi problemebis seqtoris mier miRebuli

saxelmZRvanelo ,,saganmanaTleblo politikis SemuSaveba” (2002)

aRniSnulia, rom kulturaTa dialogis meSveobiT kulturaTa

daaxloebis procesis marTvisa da keTilSobiluri mizniT warmarTvaze

zrunva msoflio problema gaxda.

gaanalizebulia wyaroebi, romlebic miuTiTeben ucxouri enis

SeswavlasTan kulturis Seswavlis aucileblobasa da misi kurikulumSi

CarTvis saWiroebas. miTiTebulia, rom enis pirovnebisa da kulturis

urTierTobis, enis codnis, adamianebTan komunikaciis ganviTarebis erT-

erTi ZiriTadi gzaa kulturaTa dialogi.

aRniSnulia erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisa da dacvis

problemebi. aRwerilia realuri mdgomareoba, dadebiTi gamocdileba da

gadasawyveti problemebi.

warmodgenilia kulturaTa dialogis Seswavlisadmi studentTa

damokidebulebis gasarkvevad Catarebuli kvlevis dadebiTi Sedegebi.

saganmanaTleblo programebis SemuSavebis, dagegmvisa da

ganviTarebis problemebi ganxilulia umaRlesi ganaTlebis erTiani

evropuli sivrcis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli rekomendaciebis,

moTxovnebis, kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT. gaanalizebulia axali

midgomebis sxvadasxva varianti. aRniSnulia, rom saqarTvelos umaRlesi

skolebis saganmanaTleblo programebi ZiriTadad dafuZnebulia

kompetenciebze, Sefasebisa da mobilobisaTvis gamoiyeneba ECTS sistema,

swavlis Sedegebi SesabamisobaSia akademiuri xarisxis profilTan,

saswavlo datvirTva dabalansebulia kreditebiT, inergeba inovaciuri

saqmianoba.

kvleviT dadgenilia, rom ,,kulturaTa dialogis” programaSi

kursis erTeulad asaxva sasurvelia specifikur specialobebze, sadac am

mimarTulebiT kompetenciebis flobis maRali xarisxia saWiro.

efeqturad aris miCneuli ,,kulturaTa dialogis’’ saswavlo modulSi

asaxva. igi SeiZleba gaerTiandes rogorc ucxouri enebis sxva

mimarTulebebTan, aseve kvalifikaciis Sesabamis sxva sagnebTanac.

gaanalizebulia kompetenciis SemoTavazebuli variantebi,

kvalifikaciebis evropuli CarCo (2005), proeqt ,,Tuningis” Sedegebi

16

(universitetebis wvlili boloniis procesSi 2009), saqarTvelos

erovnuli kvalifikaciebis CarCo (2008). aRwerilia is zogadi kompeten-

ciebi, romelTa miRweva sxva saganTan erTad SesaZlebelia ,,kulturaTa

dialogSi”, miTiTebulia miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi, naCvenebia konkretuli

nimuSebi. gansazRvrulia ,,kulturaTa dialogis” dargobrivi da

originaluri kompetenciebi safexurebis mixedviT: umaRlesi profesiuli

skola, bakalavriati, magistratura, doqtorantura. originaluri

kompetenciebis CamoyalibebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli iqna Semdegi

faqtorebi: kvalifikaciiT dasaqmebisaTvis mzaobis xarisxi,

kvalifikaciisadmi sabazro moTxovnebi, konkretuli SesaZleblobebis

formireba saswavlo kursis/modulis Sinaarsis mixedviT, saganTaSorisi

kavSiri kompetenciis miRwevis kompleqsuri midgomis

ganxorcielebisaTvis. miTiTebulia maTi mniSvneloba kompetenciebze

dafuZnebuli saganmanaTleblo programebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebis

miRwevaSi ,,kulturaTa dialogis”, rogorc saswavlo kursis/modulis,

wvlilis gansazRvrisaTvis.

meore TavSimeore TavSimeore TavSimeore TavSi _ ,,kulturaTa dialogis saswavlo procesis marTva da

studentis mier miRweuli Sedegebis Sefaseba” _ umaRles skolaSi

saswavlo procesis marTvis problemebi ganxilulia tradiciulisa da

inovaciuris Sexamebis safuZvelze. gaanalizebulia studentze

orientirebuli swavlebis maxasiaTeblebi, mecnierTa Sexedulebebi.

swavleba/swavlis ZiriTad safuZvlad miCneulia kreditebis transferisa

da dagrovebis sistemis mier SemoTavazebuli swavlebisa da swavlis

formebi.

gaanalizebulia evropis universitetebis gamocdileba

swavleba/swavlis formebis danergvaSi. aRwerilia is formebi, romelTac

piradi gamocdilebis safuZvelze prioriteti mieniWa (aqtiuri leqcia,

vorqSofi, tutoriali, seminari, samecniero seminari, praqtikuli kursi).

mocemulia swavlis formebisa da meTodebis vrceli mimoxilva,

gaanalizebulia gramatikuli da leqsikuri swavla da praqtika, praqtika

saubarSi, videokonferenciebi, specialuri angariSebis Sedgena,

oponireba, werilobiTi da zepiri prezentacia, savarjiSoebis Sedgena

17

videoTekisaTvis da sxva. ganxilulia evropel studentebTan

partnioruli urTierTobebis ganxorcielebis magaliTebi.

warmodgenilia saswavlo procesis marTvisaTvis leqciis,

seminarebis modelebi, modulis dagegmvis da silabusis Sedgenis

formebis nimuSebi.

studentTa mier ,,kulturaTa dialogis“ miRweuli donis Sefasebis

formebis, meTodebis, sqemebis SerCevisa da gamoyenebis ZiriTad

safuZvlad miCneulia swavlis Sedegebis, kompetenciebisa da ECTS

kreditebis dakavSireba. Sefasebis komponentebisa da kriteriumebis

SerCevis safuZvelia evropis universitetebis mier aRiarebuli Sefasebis

ZiriTadi principebi: gamWvirvaloba, validoba, obieqturoba, sandooba,

aseve, umTavresia saswavlo mizanTan Sefasebis formis Sesabamisoba.

aucilebel pirobad iqna miCneuli, rom studentisaTvis yovelTvis

winaswar iyos cnobili _ ra Sefasdeba, rogor da ratom. ganxilulia

ukeTesi Sedegis miRwevisaTvis sargeblianobis magaliTebi.

Sefasebis formebidan upiratesoba mieniWa ganmaviTarebel

Sefasebas, romelic saSualebas aZlevs students gaiumjobesos miRweuli

Sedegebi. aRwerilia misi gamoyenebis magaliTebi. aRniSnulia, rom:

Sefasebis meTodebis mravalferovneba stimuls aZlevs students

daeuflos swavlis sxvadasxva aqtivobas, strategiebs, SefasebisaTvis

SerCeuli forma unda iyos konkretuli, gamoxatavdes Sedegs, qcevas,

unars, efeqturia Sefasebis komponentebisa da kriteriumebis gansazRvra

studentebTan TanamSromlobiT; popularoba moipova eleqtronulma

Sefasebam da testirebam kompiuteruli programiT.

warmodgenilia Sefasebis mravalferovani sqemebi, formebi,

cxrilebis nimuSebi.

ganxilulia portfolios, rogorc studentis swavlis Sedegebisa

da kompetenciebis miRwevis Sefasebis formebis gamoyenebis magaliTebi.

kvalifikaciis miRweuli donis diagnostirebisaTvis aRwerilia

studentTa TviTSefasebis formebi, sqemebi, gaziarebulia helsinkis

universitetis gamocdilebidan TviTSefasebis matricis maxasiaTeblebi

(mxolod damakmayofilebeli, kargi, SesaniSnavi, saWiroebs gaumjobesebas)

da gamoiyeneba isini kvalifikaciis miRweuli donis TviTSefasebisaTvis.

18

mocemulia TviTSefasebis matricis gamoyenebis nabijebi saswavlo

procesTan da Sedegebis SefasebasTan mimarTebaSi, ramac ganapiroba

studentis dasaqmebisaTvis mzaobis xarisxis amaRleba. gaanalizebulia

TviTSefasebis matricis gamoyenebiT miRweuli Sedegebi.

mesamemesamemesamemesame TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi _ ,,umaRles skolaSi ,,kulturaTa dialogis

maswavleblis TviTefeqturobis Sefaseba” TviTefeqturoba ganxilulia,

rogorc inovaciuri saqmianobisaTvis maswavleblebisaTvis mzaobis

xarisxis ganmsazRvreli.

am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevis SedegebiT garkveulia, rom

umaRlesi skolis maswavleblebs gacnobierebuli aqvT TavianT

saqmianobaSi cvlilebebis aucilebloba, xedaven sakuTar rolsa da

adgils swavlebisa da swavlis axali midgomebiT muSaobaSi, aqvT

motivacia iyvnen warmatebulni studentis, kolegis, xarisxis samsaxuris

SefasebiT. miiCneven, rom am mimarTulebiT maT daxmareba sWirdebaT.

TviTefeqturobis amaRlebis mraval saSualebaTagan aRwerilia

treningis, diagnostirebisa da prognozirebis meTodebis gamoyenebiT

ganxorcielebuli saqmianoba da miRweuli Sedegebi.

AAAA

19

Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi ppppirveliirveliirveliirveli

ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” wvlili saganmanaTleblo programebiT aRwerili dialogis” wvlili saganmanaTleblo programebiT aRwerili dialogis” wvlili saganmanaTleblo programebiT aRwerili dialogis” wvlili saganmanaTleblo programebiT aRwerili

swavlis swavlis swavlis swavlis Sedegebis miRwevaSiSedegebis miRwevaSiSedegebis miRwevaSiSedegebis miRwevaSi

$ 1. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programebSi asaxvis $ 1. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programebSi asaxvis $ 1. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programebSi asaxvis $ 1. ,,kulturaTa dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programebSi asaxvis

mizanSewonilobis problemamizanSewonilobis problemamizanSewonilobis problemamizanSewonilobis problema

ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis mimarTulebis ,,kulturaTa

dialogis” saganmanaTleblo programaSi asaxvis mizanSewonilobas

ganapirobebs garkveuli viTareba. ganvixiloT zogierTi:

evropa da evrosabWoSi Semavali wevri saxelmwifoebi

mravalenovania. Ees ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia, romelic am sivrceSi

politikas gansazRvravs. saganmanaTleblo enobrivi politika saerTo

politikis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia. misi erT-erTi upirvelesi mizani

evropul sazogadoebaSi demokratiuli, moqalaqeobrivi cnobierebis

Camoyalibeba gaxlavT.

erTa da kulturaTa Tanaarseboba kacobriobis istoriaSi axali

movlena ar aris, magram Tanamedrove samyaroSi es Tanaarseboba aqamde

arnaxuli siswrafiTa da masStabiT viTardeba. kidev erTi ram, rasac ar

icnobdnen wina epoqebi, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebia. warmoiqmna

saSiSroeba, romelic erovnul kulturaTa, tradiciaTa, cnobierebaTa

TviTmyofadobas emuqreba: abstraqtuli universalizmisa Tu maxinjad

gagebuli kosmopolitizmis saxeliT yvelas da yvelafris

gaerTgvarovneba; am saSiSroebisagan Tavdacvam, Tavis mxriv, meore

safrTxe warmoSva _ Caketili patrikularizmi. Oorive pozicia erT

sawyisze dgas _ esaa raimes, gansxvavebulis, TviTmyofadobis arcnoba,

araRiareba.

evrosabWos lingvistur problemebze momuSave seqtoris mier 2002

wels miRebul iqna saxelmZRvanelo - ,,saganmanaTleblo politikis

SemuSaveba”, romlis mixedviT, enobrivi mravalsaxeoba erTmaneTisagan

20

Tvisobrivad gansxvavebul or fenomens Seicavs. Ees gaxlavT:

,,multilingvizmi” da ,,pluralingvizmi”.

multilingvizmi aris movlena, rodesac garkveul geografiul

zonaSi erTze meti salaparako ena an dialeqtia. aseT geografiul

zonaSi mcxovreb moqalaqeTa garkveul jgufs SeiZleba mxolod erT

enaze metyveleba SeeZlos (Crystal,1989:360).

pluralingvizmi ewodeba movlenas, rodesac adamianebs mraval

enaze laparaki SeuZliaT. maSasadame, es aris monolingvizmis

(erTenovnebis) sawinaaRmdego movlena. pluralingvizmi sxva enebTan

erTad mSobliur enasac moicavs (evrosabWo, 2002).

pluralingvizmi moiazreba, rogorc socialuri maxasiaTebeli,

rasac aucileblad individamde mivyavarT. sociumi, individTan

mimarTebiT, dakavSirebulia aRzrdis momentTan, anu pedagogikasTan,

pedagogika sam kategorias gamoyofs: swavleba, ganaTleba da aRzrda

ganviTareba. saswavlo programiT, adamianma unda iswavlos enebi, miiRos

kulturuli ganaTleba, aRizardos, gamoumuSavdes sakomunikacio unar-

Cvevebi.

mkvlevari t. SavSiSvili (2007) pluralingvizms ganixilavs, rogorc

pedagogiur amocanas romelsac ori aspeqti gaaCnia:

a) individTan mimarTebiT: swavlebasa da aRzrdas farTo gagebiT

moicavs, rac uSualod pedagogikis kvlevis sagania;

b) ganaTlebis politikasTan mimarTebiT: qveyana Tavis politikas

ganaTlebis sferoSi ganaxorcielebs ganaTlebis sistemis

saSualebiT.

pluralingvisturi kompetencia kompleqsuri xasiaTisaa. is

sxvadasxva codna-Cvevisa da unar-Cvevis nakrebia da individisagan

ramdenime enis codnas da am saSualebiT mopovebul saTanado kulturul

gamocdilebas moiTxovs.

TiToeuli qveyana miznad isaxavs SeimuSaos da ganaxorcielos

imgvari saganmanaTleblo enobrivi politika, rogoric misi

geopolitikuri Tu socialuri mdgomareobisaTvis iqneba saxarbielo.

enis swavleba/swavla adamianSi xels uwyobs:

• enebis Seswavlis survilis gaRvivebas;

21

• enebis damoukideblad da qmediTad swavlis unaris (enis

TviTSeswavla) ganviTarebas;

• rogorc sakuTari, ise ucxo TviTmyofadobis dafasebisa da

pativiscemis unaris ganviTarebas;

• kulturaTa da enaTa mravalferovnebis, rogorc simdidris, aRqmas;

aRmzrdelobiTi miznis garda, enis swavlas pragmatuli mizanic aqvs.

misi codna iZleva komunikaciis saSualebas ucxoeTis kulturul,

samecniero-teqnikur samyarosTan; aadvilebs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebs

da misawvdoms xdis informaciis internacionalur wyaroebs.

aRniSnuli problema sainteresoa regionaluri TvalsazrisiT,

vinaidan universitetis studentTa umravlesobas swavla, cxovreba da

saqmianoba uxdeba pluralingvistur sazogadoebaSi.

ratom gaxda aucilebeli kulturaTa dialogis meSveobiT kulturaTa

daaxloebis procesis marTvasa da keTilSobiluri mizniT warmarTvaze

zrunva? dRes msoflios yvela qveyana erTmaneTs dauaxlovda, dauaxlovda

kulturis TvalsazrisiTac. metad saSiSia, rom didi saxelmwifoebis

kulturam Tu fsevdokulturam ar walekos mcirericxovani erebi da maTi

faseulobani. miT umetes, xSiria magaliTebi imisa, rom rasac dRes

,,kulturas ” uwodeben da Tavs gvaxveven, sinamdvileSi aris yalbi kultura.

,,kultura” erT-erTi yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli cnebaa,

rogorc samecniero literaturaSi, ise yofiT metyvelebaSi. mas mravali

mniSvnelobiT ixsenieben, rac kulturis sirTuliTa da

mravalferovnebiT aris ganpirobebuli.

termini ,,kultura” damoukidebeli leqsikuri erTeulis saxiT

pervelad gamoiyena germanelma iuristma da istorikosma samuel

pufendorfma (1932-1694) igi ,,kulturas” adamianis bunebriv mdgomareobas

upirispirebda. (www.wikipedia.org/wiki/kultura)

amerikeli anTropologebis a. kroeberisa da k. klakhonis mier

gamokvleuli iqna kulturis daaxloebiT 300-mde ganmarteba naSromSi:

“Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions” (1952) (,,kultura: cnebisa da

ganmartebis kritikuli mimoxilva”). Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Tanaxmad

22

1871 wlidan 1919 wlamde ,,kulturis” cnebis Svidi gansazRvreba iyo

SemoTavazebuli, pirveli inglisel mecniers e. tailors (1871) ekuTvnis:

”Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which

includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits

acquired by man as a member of society”.(kultura, anu civilizacia, farTo

eTnografiuli azriT, Sedgeba codnis, rwmena-warmodgenebis, xelovnebis,

zneobis, kanonebis, zne-Cveulebebisa da zogi sxva unar-Cvevebisagan,

romelic SeZenilia adamianis, rogorc sazogadoebis wevris mier) (Tylor

[1871], 1891:1 www.archive.org). 1920-dan 1950 wlamde mklevarebma sxvadasxva

avtorTan igive cnebis 157 gansazRvreba daTvales. Semdeg wlebSi ki am

ganmartebaTa ricxvi gaizarda. droTa ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibda

kulturis sxvadasxvagvari interpretacia: istoriuli, struqturul-

funqciuri, sistemuri (f. boasi, k. levi-strosi, b. malinovski, a.

radklif-brauni, l. uaiti) da sxva. (Kreober A.L. and Clyde Kluckhohn, 1952:92

www.archive.org; http://rhetoric.sdsu.edu/lore/1_3/progress_culture.htm).

,,kultura _ sazogadoebis miRwevaTa erToblobaa ganaTlebis,

mecnierebis, xelovnebis da sulieri cxovrebis sxva dargebSi. am

miRwevaTa gamoyenebis unari warmoebis gasazrdelad da sxva; romelime

xalxis an sazogadoebrivi klasis aseTi miRwevaTa done garkveul

epoqaSi” (TeleziSvili, s. 2007: 433).

kultura erTiani procesia da vinc mis magistrals moswydeba,

ganviTareba ar uweria. kulturas ganekuTvneba yvelaferi, rac

inteleqtualuri moqmedebis nayofia. kultura qmnis civilizacias –Ta

vis garegnul saxes, saarsebo formas. Sesabamisad kultura aris

sulieri, materialuri, fizikuri, rac arqaul periodSi erTian,

sinkretul xasiaTs atarebda da fantaziis gavrcobam da

inteleqtualizebam daSala da daanawevra. sulieri kulturasulieri kulturasulieri kulturasulieri kultura ganiyofa

religiad, xelovnebad, mecnierebad da ZiriTadad arsebobs enis bazaze

(enas ukavSirdeba cnobierebis warmoSoba, cnobierebas-azrovneba,

azrovebas-kultura, misi mravali formebi). materialuri kulturamaterialuri kulturamaterialuri kulturamaterialuri kulturaaaaa

arqiteqturis Zeglebi, Senoba-nagebobebi, aveji, teqnika da a.S. fizikuri fizikuri fizikuri fizikuri

kulturaakulturaakulturaakulturaa fizikuri moqmedeba, sporti, tanvarjiSi. ,,kultura mudmivad

23

ganaxlebadi procesia... kultura arsebobs rogorc ierarqiuli sistema,

rogorc struqturis ise Rirebulebebis TvalsazrisiT” (s.sigua, 2010: 7).

,,kultura SeiZleba SevadaroT aisbergs, romelis nawili zedapirze

kvlevasa da dakvirvebas eqvemdebareba (samosi, ena, Cvevebi) da meore

nawili, romelic amoucnobia, bundovani (komunikaciis stili,

faseulobebi, normebi, rwmena da damokidebuleba” (kramxi 1991: 217,

www.spz.tu-darmstadt.de/project_enjournal/jg_01_02/beitag/kramsch2.htm).

,,kultura ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT abstrqtulad, rogorc

sasurveli Sedegis jami, rogorc meqanizmi. mas unda SevxedoT rogorc

nazard mcenares, romlis TiToeuli, yvelaze Soreuli foToli da toti

organulad ikvebeba gulidan momdinare wveniT. (sepiri 2005:84)

eduard homlis (1959) gansazRvrebiT: kultura aris komunikacia da

komunikacia aris kultura”, am ganmartebaSi simartivesTan erTad

simarTlis xedvacaa; mecnieri starosta (1998) ambobda, rom kultura aris

saerTo simboloebis sistema, rac marTavs individisa da jgufebis

qmedebebs; mklevari kler kramxi (1991) kulturas ganixilavs rogorc

koncefcias, romelic aris rTuli zusti gansazRvrebisaTvis misi

gardauvali subieqturobisa da fardobiTobis gamo. misi SexedulebiT,

kultura oTxi bunebisaa: holisturi, SeswavliT, dinamiuri,

yovlismomcveli. rogorc holisturi sistema, moicavs ramdenime

qvesistemas: religiuri da ganaTlebis sistema. nebismieri cvlileba

qvesistemaSi gavlenas axdens mTlian kulturaze.

kultura SeswavliTia. aravin ibadeba kulturis codniT, igi

iswavleba, swavla ki xorcieldeba socialuri interaqciiT

(urTierTobiT) romelime konkretuli kulturis warmomadgenelTan.

kulturis Seswavlis procesi iwyeba adreuli asakSi: mSobelTagan,

megobrebisagan, maswavleblebisagan.

kultura dinamiuria. igi icvleba yovelTvis. sxvadasxva mizezebs

SeiZleba gamoiwvios kulturuli cvlilebebi. magaliTad, sxva kulturis

gavlena, axali Taoba, axali gamogonebebi, aRmoCenebi.

kultura kramxis ganmartebiT aris yovlismomcveli, rac niSnavs

kulturis gavlenas cxovrebis yvela aspeqtze. is igivea, rac haeri,

romliTac vsunTqavT, SeiZleba ver vamCnevT mas, magram Cveni fiqri, qceva

24

yovelTvis Cvenive kulturidan gamomdinareobs. kultura moicavs

yvelafers Cvens sazogadoebaSi: xelovneba, rwmena, qcevebi, ideebi, codna.

adamianuri urTierTqmedebis gansazRvrisaTvis yalibdeba

sazogadoebis qcevis wesebi, romelic xSirad tradiciuli xdeba da

kulturis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens (kramxi 1991: 217, htt://www.spz.tu-

darmstadt.de/project_enjournal/jg_01_02/beitag/kramsch2.htm).

kulturuli kvlevis erovnulma centrma (2003) gansazRvra kultura,

rogorc integrirebuli modeli adamianis qcevisa, romelic Seicavs

fiqrebs, komunikacias, enebs, praqtikas, rwmenas, Rirebulebebs,

tradiciebs, Tavazianobas, ritualebs, urTierTobebis maneras, rolebs,

urTierTobebs, rasis, eTnikuri, religiuri Tu socialuri jgufis

Tavisebur qcevas da SesaZleblobas imisa, rom gadaeces zemoT

aRniSnuli Taobebs. (e.petersoni, b.koltraini 2003)

www.cal.org/resources/digest/0309peterson.html

mravalferovani ganmartebebis miuxedavad erTiania azri imis

Sesaxeb, rom kultura ar arsebobs calkeulad sagnebsa da qcevebSi,

individisagan damoukideblad. kulturas miekuTvneba ideebi, rwmena,

Rirebulebebi, normebi, qcevebi da sxva, romelic Camoyalibebuli da

gaziarebulia garkveul sazogadoebaSi.

mecnierTa kvlevisa da interesis sagans warmoadgens kulturisa da

komunikaciis kavSiris problema, ucxouri enebis, gansakuTrebiT ucxouri

enis, rogorc meore enis, SeswavlasTan mimarTebaSi. (kramxi 1991, ehkarti

2000, zanasaulusi 2001, sepiri 2005).

yuradRebas ipyrobs kvlevebi kulturul gansxvavebaTa da

kulturuli manZilis Sesaxeb. cnobilia hofsTedis (www.geert-hofstede.com/)

interkulturuli gansxvavebebis modeli. man Seiswavla 40-ze meti

sxvadasxva kultura da aRmoaCina kulturuli faseulobebis gazomvis

(Sefasebis) xuTi Tanmimdevroba: ierarqiuli distancia,

individualizmi/koleqtivizmi, mamrobiTi/mdedrobiTi, gaurkvevlobis

Tavidan aSoreba, xangrZlivi orientacia.

ierarqiul distancias qmnis Zalauflebrivi, rangobrivi gansxvaveba,

igi warmoqmnis araTanasworobas urTierTobaSi. gaurkvevlobis Tavidan

acileba zomavs xarisxs, ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli kulturam ar dauSvas

25

bundovani situaciebi, romelic warmoSobs gaurkvevlobas momavlis

winaSe.

individualur/koleqtiuri aRwers urTierTobas individsa da

jgufs Soris. individualisturi kultura xazs usvams pirad miRwevas,

maSin, rodesac koleqtiur kulturaSi jgufuri gaerTianeba, erTiani

wesebis dacva, aris aucilebeli norma.

mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sazomi arkvevs kulturaSi sxvadasxva

sqesis warmomadgenlebs Soris funqciis ganawilebas, gansxvavebas

mamrobiTisa da mdedrobiTis Zalauflebebsa da uflebebbs Soris

(mamrobiTi – dominantoba, Sejibrebadoba, ambiciuroba, Zala; mdedrobiTi

– TangrZnoba, mgrZnobiaroba, sazrdooba, emocia). xSirad sxvadasxva

qveynebSi fiqsirdeba mkveTri gansxvaveba kacisa da qalis faseulobebs

Soris.

gaurkvevlobis Tavidan aSorebis sazomi esaa sazogadoebis

toleranturoba gaurkvevel da orazrovan situaciaSi, sxva kulturis

warmomadgenelis azrebis, Sexedulebebisa da rwmenisadmi

toleranturobas. igi uCvenebs Tu ramdenad aprogramebs kultura mis

wevrebs igrZnon Tavi komfortulad an arakomfortulad ucxo an

uCveulo situaciaSi.

xangrZlivi orientaciasTan (mimarTulebasTan) asocirebuli

faseulobebia momWirneoba da Seupovroba, maSin rodesac misi

sapirispiro moklevadiani orientacia tradiciebisa da sazogadoebrivi

valdebulebebis pativiscemasa da Sesrulebas gulisxmobs.

hofsTedis aRniSnulma Sexedulebebma gamoiwvia kritika da

uaryofiTi damokidebulebebi, magram mainc SeiZleba CaiTvalos rogorc

raRac sawyisi kulturaTa gansxvavebebTan mimarTebaSi.

hali (1976) yofs kulturas or ZiriTad kategoriad: dabali

konteqstis da maRali konteqstis kultura. am SexedulebaSi sadaoa

kulturis dayofa maRal da dabal kulturad. erT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

dabali, meore SemTxvevaSi maRali, magram amgvari midgoma xels uwyobs

erTi (maRali) kulturis meoreze (dabalze) zegavlenis gaZlierebas.

amasTan es zegavlena yovelTvis rodia sasargeblo ,,dabali” kulturis

mimarT, mniSvnelovania isic, rasTan mimarTebaSi xdeba dayofa.

26

kulturaTa kvlevis, misi saxis gansazRvris mcdelobisas

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom erTi mxriv, sxva, Cveni

kulturisagan gansxvavebuli kulturis adamianebTan dialogi

Tanamedrove cnobierebis ganuyofeli funqcia gaxda da meore mxriv

kultura, yvelaze farTo mniSvnelobiT aris is, ris gamoc adamiani

ucxod iqceva rogorc ki Tavis saxls datovebs. roca igi imyofeba

jgufSi, im adamianebs Soris, romlebTanac saerTo kultura aqvs ar

uxdeba fiqri sakuTar azrebsa da qcevaze, radgan is da mis irgvliv

myofni TiTqmis erTnairad xedaven samyaros da ician ras SeiZleba

moelodnen erTmaneTisagan, magram ucxo sazogadoebaSi ususurobis

grZnoba euflebaT.

kulturis kvlevisas gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis sagani iyo da

aris kulturaTa urTierTmoqmedebis problema. kulturaTa

urTierTqmedeba uSualo kavSirurTierTobebisa, romelic yalibdeba sul

mcire, or kulturas Soris. kulturaTa urTierTmoqmedebis Sedegia:

gavlenisa da cvlilebebis warmoSoba, faseulobaTa, maxasiaTebelTa,

kulturuli aqtivobis formaTa Secvla, axali orientirebis gaCena.

kulturaTa urTierTqmedeba xangrZlivi procesia, aranaklebi ramdenime

aTeuli wlisa.

gamoiyofa kulturaTa urTierTmoqmedebis sxvadasxva done: 1.

eTnikuri done – urTierToba eTnosebs, istoriul-eTnografiul,

eTnokonfesiur da sxva jgufebs Soris. 2. erovnuli done, sadac

maregulirebel funqcias mniSvnelovanwlad saxelmwifo-politikuri

struqturebi asruleben. 3. civilizaciuri done.

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis procesSi ganarCeven kultura –

donors (gamcemi) da kultura – recipients (mimRebi). kulturaTa

urTierTqmedeba SeiZleba warimarTos mSvidobiani, nebayoflobiTi,

Tanasworuflebiani TanamSromlobiT an aramSvidobiani, ZaldatanebiTi,

koloniuri, dapyrobiTi formebiT.

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis Sedegebi araerTgvarovania, maTi

Sefasebis kriteriumebis moZebna Znelia. arsebobs uaryofiTi Sedegebic

roca erTi kultura aSkarad iwyebs daqveiTebas, meoreSi gaTqvefas an

ukvalod gaqrobas. magaliTad, arqauli kultura Tavisi istoriis

27

garkvul periodSi axali tipis kulturas Seejaxa, igi mzad ar aRmoCnda

daecva sakuTari kultura, amasTan aeTvisebinaT, gaeziarebinaT

SemoTavazebuli kulturuli formebi, moeZebnaT TanamSromlobis gzebi

da gaqra.

sxvadsxva sakomunikacio saSualebebiT vrceldeba azri imis

Taobaze, rom rodesac ori an meti kultura xvdeba erTmaneTs SeiZleba

warmoiqmnas axali kultura, rac aris yvela mocemulis kombinacia. es

mosazreba moicavs safrTxes erovnuli kulturis waSlisa, romlis

magaliTi samwuxarod arsebobs. rTulia im kulturaTa urTierTqmedba,

romlebic Zireulad ar gansxvavdebian tipologiuri maxasiaTeblebiT.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom yovel kulturas aqvs SesaZlebloba sxva

kulturaTa intensiuri zemoqmedebisagan dacvisa, saamisod didi

Zalisxmevaa saWiro rogorc kulturis matarebli adamianebisagan, aseve

xelisuflbisagan.

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis procesis mimdinareobis Sedegebi

vlindeba Semdegi formebiT:

kulturuli difuziakulturuli difuziakulturuli difuziakulturuli difuzia anu ori an meti sazogadoebis kulturuli

maxaTieTeblbis sivrceSi gavrceleba da SeRweva sxva sazogadoebaSi.

ganasxvavben or mimarTulebas: 1. kultura difuzia eTnosebs, garkveuli

statusis mqone individebis jgufebs Soris. 2. kulturuli elementebis

gavrceleba araTanabari statusis mqone subieqtebs Soris. (magaliTad,

aristokratebis saubris stilis gadmoReba mdabioTa mier an fufunebis

sagnebis sayovelTaod gamoyeneba.)

kulturuli konfliqtikulturuli konfliqtikulturuli konfliqtikulturuli konfliqti calkeul pirovnebebs, jgufebs, pirovnbebsa

da sazogadoebas, sxvadasxva erTobebs Soris faseulobriv –normatiuli,

orientaciuli, pozitiuri dapirispirebis kritikuli stadiiT xasiaTdeba.

kulturuli konfliqtis mizezi SeiZleba iyos msoflmxedvlobrivi,

religiur SexedulebaTa, Sefasebis poziciaTa SeuTavsebloba, mxareTa

socialuri gamocdilebis gansxvavebuloba. konfliqti moicavs

winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis, molaparakebaTa gziT maTi gadaWris, mtruli

moqmedebebis, mxareTa Soris axali kontaqtebis damyarebisa da

kompromisis monaxvis stadiebs. igi dakavSirebulia tolerantobisa da

sxva kulturis mimarT interesis problemasTan. gansakuTrebulia

28

SemoqmedebiTi konfliqti mimarTulebebs, skolebs, jgufebs an ama Tu im

dargis calkeul warmomadgenlebs Soris.

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis asimilaciiskulturaTa urTierTqmedebis asimilaciiskulturaTa urTierTqmedebis asimilaciiskulturaTa urTierTqmedebis asimilaciis procesSi erT-erTi

kargavs sakuTar identurobas da STainTqmeba meorisagan. kulturuli

asimilacia SeiZleba mimdinareobdes bunebrivi an Zaladobis gziT. me-19

saukunis bolos r. parksi da e. berjei kulturul asimilacias

urTierTSemRwev da Serevis process uwodeben, romlis ganmavlobaSi

individebi an jgufebi iZenen sxva individebis istoriul Sexedulebebs,

tradiciebs da iziareben ra maT gamocdilebas, CarTuli AaRmoCndebian

saerTo kulturul cxovrebaSi (magaliTad, amerikeli sazogadoeba

ganixileboda uzarmazar ,,SemoqmedebiT laboratoriad”, sadac sxvadasxva

kulturuli tradicia erTmaneTs ereva da ,,gadaidnoba” sinTezur

mTlianobad.) es Sexedulebebi mkacrad gaakritikes, Tumca samwuxarod,

momxreebic aRmouCndnen. XX saukuneSi j. vander zandetma ganasxvava

calmxrivi asimilacia roca umciresobis kultura mTlianad gamoidevna

dominirebadi kulturis mier an kulturaTa Sereva, roca isini qmnian

mdgrad kombinaciebs da safuZvels uyrian axal kulturas. m. gordonma

daamkvidra asimilaciis xarisxobrivi ganxilvis tradicia. miiCnia, rom

sruli asimilaciis SemTxvevebi iSviaTia, umeteswil adgili aqvs

umciresobis kulturis transformacias dominirebadi eTnikuri

kulturis zegavleniT. arc ise iSviaTia umciresobis kulturis

ukuzegavlenac.

me-20 saukunis Sua wlebidan samecniero literaturaSi Cndeba

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis iseTi forma, rogoricaa ,,kulturuli ,,kulturuli ,,kulturuli ,,kulturuli

Soki”.Soki”.Soki”.Soki”. termini pirvelad kalervo obergma Semoitana 1960 wels da aRwera

igi, rogorc daZabulobis, daurwmuneblobisa da SfoTis SegrZneba,

romelsac adamianebi ganicdian axal da uCveulo kulturul garemoSi

aRmoCenisas (www.anthropologymatters.com Journal 2007, vol 9 (1)Cultural

shock:negotiating in the field by Rachel Irwin). es aris situacia, rodesac

erTmaneTs upirispirdeba adamianisaTvis Cveuli da ucxo kulturuli

faseulobebi, normebi, ena da yoveldRuri yofiTi cxovreba. (turistebi,

emigrantebi, saswavleblad wasuli adamianebi da a.S.)

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k. obergi (1960) ganasxvavebs adamianebis ucxo garemoSi yofnis

doneebs: Taflobis done (the honeymoon stage), dardis da mwuxarebis done

(the distress stage), reintegraciis done (the re-integration stage), avtonomiis done

(the autonomy stage) da damoukideblobis done (the independence stage). (Tumca

zogi kvlevaSi gvxdeba sami an oTxi done). igi gamoyofs kulturuli

Sokis daZlevis oTx SesaZeblobas:

1. getoizacia (mosulebi ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs da ayalibeben

izolirebul gaerTianebas, romelTa farglebSi inaxaven

tradiciebs, yofaqcevis modelebs).

2. asimilacia (mosulebi cdiloben mTlianad Seeguon axals,

SeiTvison misi normebi, faseulobebi. mTlianad uaryofen im

kulturul memkvidreobas, romelic datoves.

3. urTierTqmedeba (sakuTari da axali kulturis elementebis

gaerTianebis mcdeloba swrafva orive kulturis SeTvisebisaTvis).

4. kolonizacia (mosulebi iwyeben sakuTari qcevis modelebis

danergvas, cdiloben daupirispiron isini damxvedri

kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebel tradiciebs).

SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom arc Tu iSviaTad kulturuli Sokis

gavlenis daZlevis mcdeloba xels uwyobs kulturaTa urTierTqmedebas,

urTierTgamdidrebas, tradiciuli kulturis dacvas (magaliTad, ucxo

qveyanaSi erovnuli saTvistomoebis gaerTianeba).

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis formebis ganxilvisas gverds ver

avuvliT iseTi formebis aRniSvnas, rogoricaa ,,akulturacia’’,,akulturacia’’,,akulturacia’’,,akulturacia’’ - esaa

kulturebis urTierTSeRwevadoba, iwvevs erTi xalxis mier meore xalxis

kulturis srul an nawilobriv aRqmas maTi urTierTobis procesSi

(TezeliSvili, 2007:44). termini ,,akulturacia” gamoiyeneba, rogorc

procesis, aseve misi Sedegebis aRsaniSnavad. es termini pirvelad

amerikul anTropologiaSi gaCnda ( f.baosi, u. homlsi, u. mak-ji, r. loui)

da aRniSnavda kulturuli cvlilebis process, romelis Sua saukuneebSi

Crdiloamerikul tomebSi mimdinareobda. pirvel xanebSi igi viwro

gagebiT gamoiyeneboda da umTavresad, TeTrkanian amerikelebTan

kontaqtis Sedegad Crdiloamerikelebis asimilaciis process RniSnavda.

1930-ian wleebSi akulturaciis procesi empiriuli gamokvlevebisa da

30

Teoriuli analizis umTavresi Tema gaxda. 1935 wels aSS socialuri

gamokvlevebis erovnulma sabWom Camoayaliba specialuri komiteti (m.

hersovici, r.lintoni, r. redefili), romelmac gansazRvra akulturaciis

procesis buneba da Sedegebi. amJamadac xorcieldeba samTavrobo

programebi da arsebobs organizaciebi, romelTa mizani akulturaciis

mecnieruli Seswavlaa. igi aRniSnavs erTi kulturis mier sxva kulturis

elementebis SeTvisebas, materialuri kulturis, wes-Cveulebebisa da

rwmena-warmodgenebis cvlilebaTa process, romelic sxvadasxva

sociokulturuli sistemebis uSualo kontaqtis dros mimdinareobs.

ufro xSirad akulturaciaSi gulisxmiben araindustriul erTobebSi

dasavluri sazogadoebis gavleniT mimdinare cvlilebebs.

am mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli saqmianoba da Sedegebi calke

ganxilvis Temaa, avRniSnavT mxolod rom marTvadi kulturuli

cvlilebebi naklebad iTvaliswinebda indielTa tomebis kulturis

SenarCunebaze zrunvas. Tumca bolo wlebSi siZvelisadmi interesi

gaizarda.

kulturaTa urTierTqmedebis mniSvnelovani formaa ,,kulturuli ,,kulturuli ,,kulturuli ,,kulturuli

cvlilebebi”cvlilebebi”cvlilebebi”cvlilebebi”.... igi gulisxmobs kulturuli cvlilebis mudmiv process,

rasac ganapirobeben Sinagani faqtorebi: demografiuli cvlilebebi,

socialur-struqturuli cvlilebebi, ekonomikuri faqtorebi, aRmoCenebi

da gamogonebebi, religiuri faqtorebi, kontaqti sxva kulturis

matarebel adamianebTan, bunebriv-ekologiuri faqtorebi, dapyroba,

samxedro politikuri batonoba, mSvidobiani mezobloba, savaWro,

ekonomikuri kavSirebi.

kulturaTa cvlilebebis tempis, stabilurobis sakiTxebis

Seswavlisas aRniSnulia, erTi mxriv, sociokulturul mTlianobaTa

damaxasiaTebeli tendencia – SeinarCunon Sinagani wonasworoba, meore

mxriv cvlilebaTa gardauvaloba, romelsac ganapirobebs ukontrolo

socialuri da bunebrivi faqtorebis zegavlena (r. radklif-brauni 1881).

yvela kulturas axasiaTebs cvlilebebis Sinagani tendencia. gamoiyofa

kulturebi, romlebic swrafad cvalebadi arian an xasiaTdebian

tradiciuli kulturis mdgradobis maRali xarisxiT (k.levi-strosi

1958).

31

kulturaTa urTierTobis problemebi farTo da vrceli Temaa, Cven

mxolod mcire mimoxilva warmovadgineT imis naTelsayofad, rom es

sakiTxi aqtualuri iyo yovelTvis da misdami interesi gaizarda

globalizaciis yovlismomcvel perodSi. gansakuTrebiT mwvaved

warmoCinda erovnuli kulturis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis

aucilebloba. saZebnelia gzebi da saSualebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs

ucxo kulturasTan urTierTobas ise, rom SenarCunebuli iqnes sakuTari

kultura. adamiani ar moswydes winaparTa fesvebs da amasTan ar CamorCes

drois moTxovnas, ipovos Tavisi adgili urTierTobaTa vrcel sivrceSi.

enis, pirovnebisa da kulturis urTierTobis xelSemwyobi erT-erTi

gzaa ucxo enis swavleba/swavlis mimarTuleba ,,kulturaTa dialogia”.

ucxo enis SemswavlelTaTvis kulturis swavlebis roli da

mniSvneloba, rogorc saSualo, ise umaRlesi skolis safexuris bevri

maswavleblis da mecnieris sazrunavi gaxda.

aqve unda aRiniSnos azrTa sxvadasxvaobis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT

sadavo da gadasamowmebeli gaxda sakiTxi Tu ramdenad iTvleba enis

swavlebis Semavsebel nawilad kulturis swavleba. sainteresoa

bruksis kvlevebi, romelSic dasabuTebulia kulturis mniSvneloba enis

swavlebisaTvis. mis SromaSi ,,ena da enis swavleba”(1960) gvTavazobs 64

Temas, romelic moicavda iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa: misalmeba, piradi

sakuTreba, verbaluri tabu, kafe-barebi, gansxvaveba qalaqsa da sofels

Soris, zrdilobis formebi, siTbosa da sicivis gamomJRavneba, medicina,

qcevis wesebi, cxovrebis stili.

enas ar SeuZlia iarsebos vakuumSi, ucxo enis daufleba niSnavs

gaiziaro sxva kultura, Seafaso swori da mcdari. durantis (1987: 28-29)

azriT kulturaTa dialogi saSualebas iZleva Teoriuli codnas

daumatos proceduruli codna, raTa adamiani gaumklavdes iseT

amocanebs, rogoricaa oficialuri, formaluri moxsenebebis gakeTeba,

telefonze saubari, risime Txovna, werilis dawera da sxvadasxva

saqmianoba.

lingvistebi da anTropologebi didi xania aRiareben, rom enis

formebi da maTi gamoyeneba asaxavs im sazogadoebis Rirebulebebs,

romel enazec es sazogadoeba saubrobs. haimsma (1972) gansazRvra

32

komunikaciuri kompetencia _ icode ena da SeZlo es codna gamoiyeno

adamianebTan komunikaciisaTvis sxvadasxva situaciaSi. 1996 wels gamoica

krebuli (erovnuli standartebi ucxoenis saganmanaTleblo proeqtSi,

1996:27). sadac ganxilulia kulturis CarTvis mniSvneloba meore enis

swavlebaSi da gvTavazobs strategiebs rogor Caisvas kulturis

sakiTxebi saskolo swavlebaSi. miCneulia, rom sasargebloa kulturuli

Taviseburebebis CarTva ganxilevbisa da diskusiebis saxiT lingvistur

formebTan erTad, raTa lingvisturad swori forma, kulturulad

Sesabamisi iyos. magaliTad, piris nacvalsaxelebis swavlebisas

maswavlebeli daexmaros studentebs gaigon socialurad Sesaferisi

komunikaciis arCeva, mimarTva romelic pativiscemas gamoxatavs.

magaliTad inglisur enaSi qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT ar aris

formaluri gansxvaveba Sen/Tqven formebs Soris. mTliani speqtri am

mimarTvis mniSvnelobisa gamoixateba nacvalsaxeliT “Yyou”. forma “thou”,

romelic Seesabameboda piris nacvalsaxels – ,,Sen”-s gamovida

xmarebidan XVII saukuneSi, da SenarCunda mxolod poeziasa da bibliaSi.

yvela sxva registri urTierTobisa oficialuridan femiliarulamde

gadmoicema enis sxva saSualebebiT _ intonaciiT, konteqstiT, Sesabamisi

sityvebiTa da sityvaTwyobiT. Sen/Tqven formebi mkveTrad usvams xazs

asakobriv, ierarqiul, rangobriv gansxvavebas rac inglisur enaSi

konteqstualurad da sxva faqtorebidan vlindeba Targmanis dros.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, inglisur enaSi gvaqvs mxolod meore piris

nacvalsaxeli –Yyou. maSin rodesac arsebobs qarTulad- Tqven da Sen,

frangulad-vaus da tu, germanulad- sie da du, rusulad- вы da ты ,

italiurad-lei da tu formebi.Aaradiferencirebuli nacvalsaxeliT

mimarTva inglisurSi Y”you” ar qmnis inglisurenovan mosaubreTa Soris

erTmaneTis Tanasworad aRqmis aucileblobas. nacvalsaxelis arCevani

TavisTavad gvaZlevs informacias mosaubris damokidebulebis Sesaxeb

adresantTan. am socialurad gansazRvrul konteqstSi sadac individebi

xazs usvamen gansxvavebas socialur statuss Soris, ierarqiul dones,

asakobriv sakiTxs. kulturuli TvalsazrisiT kargi magaliTs

gvaTavazobs jorj iuli (2000): Zlevamosili da socialurad maRal

safexurze mdgomi individi mimarTavs masze socialurad dabal

33

safexurze myof adamians “Sen” formiT da mas pasuxad “TqvenobiT”

mimarTaven asakis miuxedavad. vxvdebiT gansxvavebas espanur kulturaSi,

rodesac axalgazrda, socialurad maRal safexurze myofi, saqmiani

qalbatoni esaubreba moxuc damlagebel qals (dabali socialuri

statusis mqone) mimarTavs mas TqvenobiT “Usted” da igi mas pasuxad

mimarTavs Sen formiT- “tu”. espanuri kulturisaTvis ufro mniSvnelovani

asakobrivi barieria, vidre socialuri Tu ekonomikuri (iuli 2000:11).

adamiani maSin eufleba enas kargad, rodesac igi swavlobs orives,

enis lingvistur da kulturul normebs. erT-erT strategiad miCneulia,

rom enis Semswavlel pirovnebas Seeqmnas pirobebi daakvirdes da

gamoikvlios kulturuli urTierTobani sakuTari xedviT, raTa mieces

saSualeba, rom moiZios sakuTari xma meore enis sametyvelo

sazogadoebaSi. sainteresoa r. ciciSvilis, n. niJaraZis, m.darCias,

m.Tevzaias, e.wavaSvilis naSromi: ‘’Becoming an English Teacher: Theory and Practice

of Teaching English in Georgia”. naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom pirveli da yvelaze

mniSvnelovani ucxo enis Seswavlisas aris sxva erovnebis adamianebTan

komunikaciis saWiroeba da SesaZlebloba. kulturis yvela elementis

swavla rTulia, magram aucilebelia pirovnebam SesZlos gamoavlinos

gageba sxva kulturis adaianisadmi, ganaviTaron informaciis

interpretirebis unari sxva enaze saubris konteqstSi da sakuTar

tradiciul kulturasTan SedarebisaTvis.

mniSvnelovani yuradRebis qveS moeqca iseTi problema, rogoricaa

interkulturuli swavleba, romelic akavSirebs kulturis swavlebas

enis swavlebasTan da ganixilavs mas, rogorc integrirebuls. enis

swavlis procesSi erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli ena, kultura da

swavla. interkulturuli enis swavleba moiTxovs studentebisagan

swavleba/swavlaSi aisaxos samizne enis kulturulad mniSvnelovani

damokidebulebani da qcevebi, maTi dakavSireba, Sedareba sakuTar

kulturasTan.

interkulturuli swavleba saSualebas iZleva gaigo sakuTari ena

da kultura meore enasa da kulturasTan mimarTebaSi, exmareba iseTi

strategiebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa analizis gakeTeba, kavSiri

sakuTar da meore enasTan sxvadasxva problemebTan mimarTebaSi.

34

ganapirobebs samizne enis swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebas da mis

gamoyenebas enis swavlebis sxvadasxva doneze. enisa da kulturis

swavleba/swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom kulturuli komponenti

iswavlebodes samizne enis safuZvelze. efeqturad miviCnevT rom

saswavlo procesi mimdinareobdes studentis uSualo CarTulobiT da

ara mxolod informaciis miwodebiT. sainteresod migvaCnia leqciis

iseTi modeli, rogoricaa studentTa or jgufad dayofa, sakuTar da

samizne kulturaze informaciis moZieba, daxarisxeba, prezentacia da

Sejameba.

interkulturuli swavlebisas gaTvaliswinebulia kulturis

dinamiuroba, cvalebadoba, mravalmxrivoba, xalxis mier Seqmnili

socialuri garemo, maTi komunikacia sxva adamianebTan. mniSvnelovania

kulturis swavleba qmedebiTa da gagebiT. enisa da kulturis

swavlebisaTvis aucilebelia CarTva lingvistur da aralngvistur

kulturul aqtvobebSi, cxovrebis wesSi CaRrmaveba, konkretuli

kulturuli konteqstis Seswavla.

interkulturuli swavlebisas mTavaria ara informaciis codna

sxva kulturis Sesaxeb, aramed imisi codna, rogor CaerTo am kulturaSi

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, rogor warmarTo saubari da saqmianoba

kulturul konteqstSi. interkulturuli swavleba/swavlis praqtikaSi

gamoyenebas ganixilavs naSromi ,,interkulturuli swavleba/swavla

praqtikaSi”(CanTal krozeti www.docin.com/p-96463557.html). masSi

aRniSnulia, rom enis swavlebis arsebul praqtikas avseben gansxvavebuli

interkulturuli perspeqtiviT, rac gulisxmobs enis swavlebasTan

erTad kulturis swavlebas. amasTan enaSi Cadebuli kulturuli kodis,

kulturuli normebis, dakavSireba enis gamoyenebasTan, es ki ganapirobebs

kulturaTa dialogis Sedegianad da sasargeblod warmarTvas.

interkulturuli swavleba/swavla fokusirebulia enisa da kulturis

Rrma kavSirze da es kavSiri warmoqmnis siaxles. interkulturuli enis

swavleba da swavla warmodgenilia oTxi mTavari aqtivobis CarTviT:

• gansxvavebis amocnoba C2/L2 da C1/L1

• gansxvavebebis Sedareba C2/L2 da C1/L1

• intepretireba da asaxva am gansxvavebebze

35

• interaqcia axali swavlis bazaze

(C1= mSobliuri kultura, C2= samizne kultura, L1=mSobliuri ena,

L2= samizne ena). www.docin.com/p-96463557.html.

aRniSnuli aqtivobebis gaTvaliswineba saswavlo procesis

dagegmvaSi, mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebaa, igi aris erTgvari

Semavsebeli enis swavlebis procesSi. aseve mniSvnelovania Tu ra masala

iqneba gamoyenebuli, rogorc baza saleqcio aqtivobebisa.

ucxo enis swavlisas kulturis swavlebis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs

dimitrios zanasaulusi (2001)radicalpedagogy.icaap.org/content/issue3_3/7-

thanasoulas.html igi aRniSnavs, rom ucxo enis swavleba Sedgeba ramdenime

komponentisagan: gramatikuli komponenti, komunikaciuri komponenti, enis

codna, damokidebuleba, rogorc sakuTari aseve sxva kulturis mimarT.

misi SexedulebiT kulturuli kompetencia igivea, rac konvenciebis

codna, wes-Cveulebebis, rwmenisa da sxva qveynis mniSvnelovani sistemebis

codna, rac udaod ganuyofeli nawilia ucxo enis swavlebisas. mecnieris

dakvirvebiT bevri maswavlebeli Tavis miznad Tvlis, rom CarTos

kulturis swavleba enis swavlebis kurikulumSi. riTac komunikaciuri

kompetencia gamdidrdeba da misi gamoyenebis xarisxi amaRldeba.

yuradRebas ipyrobs avtorTa koleqtivis mier gamocemuli naSromi

ucxo enis “Theoty and Practice of Teaching English in Georgia”(2008), sadac

ganxilulia swavleba/swavlis problemebTan dakavSirebiT kulturaTa

Seswavlis aucilebloba, kulturis codnisa da komunikaciuri

kompetenciebis miRwevis mniSvneloba.

,,kulturaTa dialogis” swavleba/swavlis mizanSewonilobis

problemis ganxilvisas aqtualuri xdeba erovnuli TviTmyofadobis

SenarCunebisa da dacvis sakiTxi. kulturaTa dialogis procesSi erT-

erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxia ucxo da sakuTar kulturas Soris

gansxvavebebisa da saerTos Sedareba da analizi.

amasTan mimarTebaSi davinteresdiT ramdenadaa asaxuli mSobliuri

enis swavlebaSi sakuTari kultura, Cvevebi, tradiciebi, Rirebulebebi,

zneobrivi faseulobebi. calke es sakiTxi ar iswavleba, igi ganfenilia

nawarmoebebSi, Sesaswavl masalebSi da ZiriTadad maswavleblis

pedagogiur ostatobazea mindobili rogor da ra mizniT gamoiyenebs mas.

36

es problema dasafiqrebelia, radgan ,,roca Cveni Tanamemamuleni Tavis

mcirewlovan Svilebs ucxoeTSi saswavleblad gzavnian, Zalian

saxifaToa, roca adamiani sulierebaSi, erovnul kulturaSi

ganmtkicebuli jer ar aris da sruliad ucxo kulturis mqone qveyanaSi

midis. miT ufro rom iq Zalian oficialuri urTierTobebia adamianebs

Soris, rasac Cven qarTvelebSi Cveuli ar varT” (uwmindesi da unetaresi,

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore 2010).

sakuTari kulturis Seswavla adreuli asakidanve iwyeba

mSoblebis, axloblebis, enisa da literaturis maswavleblis meSveobiT

da grZeldeba mTeli sicocxlis manZilze. magram, vfiqrobT, axla am

mimarTulebiT yuradRebis gaZliereba drois moTxovnaa, raTa

informaciis mozRvavebul nakadSi, sakomunikacio teqnologiebis

moWarbebis pirobebSi ufro mkafiod da naTlad gamoikveTos erovnuli

kulturis tradiciebi da maxasiaTeblebi. magaliTad, kulturaTa

gansxvavebebis upirveles maidentipficirebelad SeiZleba CavTvaloT

misalmeba. yvelaze mTavari komunikaciis dros da adamianTa yoveldRiur

cxovrebaSi misalmebaa, romelic sxvadasxva qveynebSi mkveTrad

gansxvavebulia da qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli didi kulturuli

datvirTva aqvs. aseve gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs kulturuli

gansxvavebis codnas saqmiani urTierTobebis warmoebisas. saintereso da

gansxvavebulia sazogadoebaSi qcevisa da sufrasTan mirTmevis etiketi,

distancia mosaubreTa Soris, naTesauri urTierTobebi Tu erTmaneTze

zrunva.

stumarTmoyvareoba qarTveli kacis erovnuli kulturaa. stumari

dapatiJebuli Tu daupatiJebeli didi pativiscemiT sargeblobs,

saukeTeso kerZebiT umaspinZldebian Tundac maspinZeli mSieri darCes.

qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba yovelTvis xiblavda aq mcxovreb sxva

erovnebis adamianebs da maT gaiTavises kidec. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi

berZeni qali ixsenebda: (saqarTvelos sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2010 #23),

erTxel man moinaxula Tavisi naTesavebi ucxoeTSi. sadilis dros

naTesavi stumrebia im ojaxs. sufra savse iyo mravalferovani kerZebiT,

magram stumari ar miiwvies, derefanSi dasves, dagvelodoso. Tanac

37

ukmayofiloni darCnen, ratom movida udroo dros, mas aq aravin

elodebodao.

magaliTad, micvalebulis datireba, dakrZalva da qelexi

saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi glovasTan erTad pativiscemis, siyvarulis,

TanagrZnobis, madlierebis gamoxatulebaa, rogorc micvalebulis, aseve

Wirisuflis mimarT. datirebis sulisSemZvreli xalxuri poezia da

epitafiebi Semoinaxa saukuneebma. qarTveli kacis es tradicia Taobebidan

gadmoica da dRemde SeubRalavad inaxeba.

aRniSvnis Rirsia aseve is faqti, rom srulwlovanebis Semdeg

umravles evropul qveynebSi axalgazrdebi aucileblad ojaxs toveben

da damoukideblad iwyeben cxovrebas. mas SeiZleba sakmaod uWirdes

finansurad, maSin rodesac misi ojaxi SeZlebulia da mxolod

mSoblebis an axlo naTesavebis gardacvalebis Semdeg miiReben an ar

miiReben anderZiT qonebas. xolo Tu ki Svili ar midis damoukideblad

sacxovreblad es ironias da dacinvas iwvevs, rac sxvadasxva filmSi Tu

literaturaSia aRwerili.

santeresoa kulturaTSorisi gansxvaveba amerikelebsa da

italielebs Soris. amerikelebi miCneulia iseT xalxad, romlebic mudam

muSaoben, saubroben biznessze lanCis dros da miirTmeven yavas quCaSi

manqaniT Tu fexiT siarulis dros, imis nacvlad, rom isiamovnon yaviT

barSi. es ar niSnavs imas rom italielebi zarmacebi arian, aramed xazs

usvams faqts Tu raoden did mniSvnelobas aniWebs italieli xalxi iseT

yofiT sakiTxs, rogoricaa, lanCi an sadiloba. italiaSi sadac

urTierToba Zalzed fasobs lanCs, sadils Tu ubralod yavis smas aqvs

sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba: xalxi erTad iyris Tavs raTa isaubron da

daaxlovdnen. aSS-Si, sadac dro namdvilad fulia, lanCi SeiZleba iyos

kargi SemTxveva garigebisaTvis, problemis gadawyvetaze msjelobisaTvis

da kontraqtze xelis mosawerad. (www.Culturosity.com)

gamWoli mzera iaponiaSi upativcemulobis gamomxatvelia.

saqarTveloSi ki piriqiT, saubris dros Tu ar uyureb adamians es

uCvenebs mas rom Tqven ar gamoxatavT interess misi monayolis mimarT.

zogi kulturis elementi ar SeiZleba miRebuli da gaziarebuli

iyos, magram iseTi Cveulebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, germaniaSi

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wesrigisa da drois miznobrivi gamoyeneba, britaneTSi rigSi dgomis

etiketi (igulisxmeba distancia rigSi dgomis dros, da rigis dacva),

namdvilad gasaziarebelia.

saintereso naSroms gvTavazobs rsu-s profesori irine

goSxeTeliani Tavis naSromSi “Cultural Implications in English and Georgian

Proverbs”, 2011. igi aRniSnavs, rom Sinaarsobrivad msgavsi azrisa da

sibrZnis gamomxatveli andazebi SeiZleba datvirTuli iyos amaTu im

qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kolorituli erTeulebiT. magaliTad:

“BBetween the devil and deep sea” qarTulad- ,,or zRvas Sua”, “Jack of all trades and

master of none” , “Beware of Greeks bearing gifts”, “mteri moyvrulad mosuli

mterze uaresiao” da mravali sxva. (goSxeTeliani, 2011:283)

vfiqrobT, dadga dro, rom ucxoeTSi saswavleblad an droebiT

samuSaod wamsvlelebma specialuri momzadeba gaiaron erovnuli

kulturis ganmtkicebis, TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisaTvis. es

saWirboroto sakiTxi gansakuTrebuli kvlevis sagania.

zogierTi imasac fiqrobs, rom iqneb rogorRac ganeridos

globalizaciis, anu gamTlianebis process, gamowveuls teqnikuri da

mecnieruli progresiT. es SeuZlebelia. verc erTi qveyana Tavs ver

aaridebs am process, oRond gvmarTebs goniereba, Zalian frTxilad unda

viyoT, Cveni erovnuli tradiciebi, ena da sarwmunoeba unda davicvaT”

(saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi iliaII, 2004).

adamianebma bavSvobidanve unda gaecnos Tavis kultura da msoflio

kultura, miiRos sxvebisgan iseTi ram, rac sasargebloa misTvisac da

misi samSoblosTvisac anu gaamdidrebs mis kulturas. am mimarTulebiT

mniSvnelovania kulturaTa dialogis adreul asakSive Seswavla.

kulturaTa dialogis swavleba/swavlis aucileblobis sakiTxebs

mravali naSromi mieZRvna. sayuradReboa (kramxi, 1993; 1996; makei, 2003;

pulvalnis, 2003; sepiri, 1962; zanasoulasi, 2001).

rogorc aRvniSneT, evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebis saswavlo

dawesebulebebi did yuradRebas uTmoben sazogadoebasa da individSi

mravalenovnebis ganviTarebas. es saswavleblebi moiZieben saukeTeso

kadrebs ucxour enasa da literaturaSi; amarageben maT saWiro

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infrastruqturiT; xels uwyoben ucxouri enebis swavlebis seqtorebs

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis ganviTarebaSi.

enebis swavleba/swavla ganaTlebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi

Semadgeneli nawilia TiTqmis yvela kvalifikaciisaTvis.

saswavlo procesze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom ,,kulturaTa

dialogi” mniSvnelovnad aZlierebs pirovnebaTSoris urTierTobebs. igi

saSualebas aZlevs studentebs isaubron sakuTar Tavze, gamoavlinon

TavianTi pirovnebis sxvadasxva mxare _ iqneba es gancdebi, gatacebebi,

gemovneba, Sexedulebebi, ocnebebi, sayvareli saqmianoba, sayvareli

personaJebi, cxovrebiseuli istoriebi, Tvalsazrisebi Tu sxva; isini

ecnobian TanakurselTa Tu ucxoenovan TanatolTa sulier samyaros da am

gziT ganicdian sakuTari da sxvisi indivudualobis ganumeoreblobas,

swavloben sxvaTa dafasebas, erTmaneTis mosmenas, urTierTgagebas,

urTierTTanadgomas, rac xels uwyobs gaxdnen ufro Semwynarebelni

erTmaneTisa da sxvebis mimarT, studentebs saSualeba eZlevaT gamoxaton

TavianTi damokidebuleba, gamoTqvan Sefasebebi, gaavlon paralelebi

sakuTar kulturul gamocdilebebsa Tu garemosTan. sxvadasxva aqtivobebi

uRrmavebs maT kulturuli kuTvnilebis gancdas, kulturul

mraval

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