Listening - Beginning

Chapter 1 - Skill A

Wordlist Meaning

skip (v) to avoid; to not do

binge (v) to eat or drink in an uncontrolled, excessive

manner

ruin (v) to destroy; to damage

grain (n) a food that comes from grass, like wheat,

rice, and corn

regular (adj) following a set schedule; at the same time

every day

uncertain (adj) not sure; not definite

symphony (n) a long piece of music performed by an

orchestra

recognize (v) to be familiar with; to know

deaf (adj) unable to hear

conduct (v) to lead and control an orchestra

bush (n) a low, tree-like plant

base (n) the bottom part

heartbeat (n) the rate at which the heart pumps blood

store (v) to keep for future use

weak (adj) not strong; low on energy

what’s up (phrase) What is happening?; What are you doing?

break (n) a short time of no work or study

surf (v) to search or use the Internet

multiply (v) to increase; to perform a mathematic

function, e.g. 2 X 3 = 6

calculator (n) a machine that performs

mathematic functions

1

event (n) a competition; a gathering for a purpose

persistence (n) not giving up until a goal is completed

antelope (n) a horned, deer-like animal

herd (n) a group of animals, like cows or deer

slaughter (v) to kill and cut off the meat

specific (adj) exact in detail or purpose

clearly (adv) with exactness; easily understood

positive (adj) showing a happy or optimistic outlook

regret (v) to feel bad about something in the past

inform (v) to tell; to give information to

lottery (n) a selection made by chance from among a

number of contestants

limited (adj) not great in number or quantity

freshman (n) a first-year student

campus (n) the grounds of a school or university

privilege (n) a special ability or access

technique (n) a way of doing something; a method

index (n) something that guides or organizes

definition (n) the written meaning

native (adj) of one’s birthplace

divide (v) to make into two parts

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Chapter 1 - Skill B

Wordlist Meaning

continent (n) a large land mass

reason (n) a cause

permanently (adj) constantly; always

occupant (n) a person who lives in a place

located (adj) positioned

on your way (phrase) going to

recreation (n) fun activities

member (n) someone who belongs to a group

tuition (n) money paid to attend school

cool (adj) good

classic (n) a well-known example

ado (n) an old-fashioned word for a controversy;

an action and discussion; a fuss

ruin (v) to destroy; to damage greatly

fortune (n) luck

modern (adj) recent

wonder (v) to question in one’s mind; to think about

atmosphere (n) the layer of air above the Earth

sunrise (n) when the sun moves into the sky in the

morning

sunset (n) when the sun moves out of the sky in the

evening

path (n) a way to go; a road

What on Earth!(phrase)

an expression of surprise

hermit crab (n) a kind of crab that carries and lives in

empty shells made by snails or other sea

creatures

3

squished (adj) put into too-small a space

feed (v) to give food to

captivity (n) being kept in a cage or zoo; not free

productive (adj) useful; helpful

rush (v) to go fast

beat the clock(phrase)

to go faster than previous times

pointless (adj) without purpose; not helpful

measure (v) to read the level or quantity

vitamin (n) a substance needed for normal growth and

energy

sunshine (n) light from the sun

enough (adj) the amount needed

naturally (adv) without help from science

notice (v) to pay attention to

check this out(phrase)

to look at this

really (adv) very

article (n) a written news story

strange (adj) unusual; weird

cushion (n) a pillow for sitting on

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Chapter 1 - Skill C

Wordlist Meaning

course (n) a series of classes for studying a subject

culture (n) what makes a group of people distinct,

including language, food and art

certainly (adv) yes; of course

determine (v) to decide on; to calculate

account for (v) to make up; to go towards

effective (adj) successful

increase (v) to make larger or greater

variety (n) many different kinds

look up (v) to search for to try to find

previous (adj) just before

especially (adj) with emphasis

closely (adv) with care; with attention

copy (v) to make the same; to do the same way

notice (v) to see and understand

nowadays (adv) these days; in current times

pueblo (n) a building or town of buildings made from

adobe (dried mud); and the people who

traditionally dwell in them

weave (v) to create cloth by interlacing (putting

together) fibers or yarn

basket (n) a container made from woven fibers

fiber (n) a long, thin piece of some material, such as

grass

method (n) a way of doing something; a procedure

disappear (v) to go away; to die off

5

lay (v) to put down; to deposit eggs

here goes (phrase) an expression used to signify, “I’m trying

something, but I don’t know what the result

will be.”

protection (n) keeping safe

hotline (n) a phone number for particular information

or a specific purpose

science fair (n) a competition of science projects

white noise (n) noise made up of all frequencies of sound

annoy (v) to bother; to make angry

lessen (v) to make lower; to decrease

shut out (v) to keep away

treat (v) to make better, healthier

develop (v) to invent; to create

insert (v) to put in

system (n) a group of organs or machines working for a

common purpose

current (n) a flow; a movement in one direction

geometry (n) a field of math related to points, lines,

shapes, etc.

point (n) a single place; a dot

continuous (adj) without a break or ending place

space (n) a distance; an empty place

segment (n) a part; a piece

prepare (v) to get ready

familiar with (adj phrase)

used to; knowledgeable about

beneficial (adj) helpful; positive

6

anxious (adj) nervous; worried

decide (v) to choose

memorize (v) to put information into one’s memory; to

repeat material until it is remembered

thorough (adj) complete; full

session (n) a period of time devoted to a certain activity

or purpose

direction (n) instruction; how to complete a task

plenty of (adj phrase) a lot of; lots of

form (n) a type; a kind

matter (n) something that takes up space and can be

sensed

burn (v) to consume in fire; to change form by fire

fuel (n) something used to burn

flammable (adj) able to be burned

place (v) to put into position

spark (n) a flash of light or heat

match (n) a narrow piece of wood or paper with a

highly flammable coating on one end, used

for starting fires

magnify (v) to make larger or more intense

powder (n) a substance made of finely ground particles

7

Chapter 1 - Skill D

Wordlist Meaning

catalog (n) a book or pamphlet containing a list of activities

or products

transfer (v) to move from one place to another

lithography (n) a printing process in which a chemically treated

plate is used with ink

transcript (n) a printed copy of university results

grade (n) a standard assessment of quality of work (or

performance) in a classroom

example (n) a representative model or action used to

illustrate a concept or idea

consensus (n) a general agreement or a collective decision

opinion (n) a belief on a subject that is usually made

without extensive knowledge

already (adv) previously accomplished; done before

idea (n) a meaningful thought or concept

several (adj) three or four

public (adj) among a large group of people; for the

population

education (n) an organized system of teaching and learning

religion (n) an organized system of spiritual or supernatural

belief

lonely (adj) a sadness resulting from being or feeling alone

consider (v) to think seriously about something

fail (v) to be unsuccessful

physics (n) the study of movement in nature

atomic (adj) relating to atoms or nuclear energy

bomb (n) an explosive device

8

lungs (n) the two-part organ used for breathing

oxygen (n) the gas that animals depend on for breathing

filthy (adj) extremely dirty

boring (adj) uninteresting; not entertaining

break (n) a short time of rest

continent (n) one of the seven main land areas on the Earth

realize (v) to understand; to comprehend

equator (n) the imaginary horizontal line separating

Earth’s northern and southern hemispheres

narrow (adj) of thin degree or width

Antarctica (n) the continent that contains the South Pole

exhibit (n) a public presentation (usually artistic in nature)

nature (n) the natural physical world, unchanged by

humans

category (n) a structured and organized area of a topic

blossom (n) a flower on a tree

enlarge (v) to make bigger

democracy (n) a system of government where the people hold

ruling power

government (n) an organized, usually political system that

administers public policy

vote (v) to decide, usually in a political context

empire (n) a nation and all the territories and other nations

it rules over

tax (n) money paid to a government

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Chapter 1 - Skill E

Wordlist Meaning

telescope (n) an optical device used to make distant objects

appear closer

moon (n) a natural, smaller object revolving around a

planet

planet (n) a large sphere that rotates around a star

river (n) a large, long body of water that flows

ocean (n) a large body of salt water that takes up the

Earth’s surface

rules (n) a set of instructions about the right way to act

warning (n) a signal that something bad or dangerous may

happen

break (v) to not follow; to not obey

force (v) to make someone do something they do not

want to do

basic (adj) main or most necessary

full (adj) no more things or people can go in

room (n) space that is not being used

coach (n) a part of a train for passengers

conductor (n) someone who checks passenger tickets on a

train

comfortable (adj) feeling relaxed; not stressed or bothered

personality (n) the character of an individual

accountant (n) an expert in bookkeeping

interact (v) to influence and act upon one another

factor (n) something that has an effect on something else

status (n) the amount of respect others have for a person

mid-term (adj) an exam taken during the middle part of a

semester

10

elevator (n) a room that carries people up or down

study (v) to read in order to learn and understand

squeeze (v) the act of applying pressure on all sides

strengthen (v) to gain power or strength

spin (v) to turn around and around very quickly

rotate (v) to move in a circle

completely (adv) in a way so that everything is finished

darkness (n) the absence of light

situation (n) everything that is happening at a particular place

at one time

revolution (n) when a government or political system is

(usually) violently changed

paper (n) a type of essay or assignment

Internet (n) a network that connects computers all around

the world

type (v) to press lettered keys on a keyboard to form

words

website (n) a special location on the Internet used in a

variety of ways

common (adj) normal or usual

quality (n) the attribute or nature of something

detail (n) the specific or small character of an object or

process

imagine (v) to use the mind to create an unreal image or

situation

alive (adj) having the qualities of life; living

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Chapter 1 - Skill F

Wordlist Meaning

sailor (n) a person who works on a boat or ship

trade (n) buying, selling, or trading goods

colony (n) a country that is ruled by a stronger country

establish (v) to securely settle; to officially declare an

operation

decline (v) to lower in quality or quantity

campus (n) the area that belongs to a university, college, or

school

mighty (adj) strong; powerful

sword (n) a long metal blade used for battle

educator (n) a person who teaches

glad (adj) happy; pleased

appear (v) to come into sight; to become visible

strength (n) power

criminal (n) an individual who commits crimes

butler (n) the male servant or assistant of a household

costume (n) a special clothing used for acting or special

occasions

crude (adj) in a raw form

leak (v) to continuously lose liquid or air from a

container

evaporation (n) the gradual action of a liquid changing into a gas

emulsification (n)

when two liquids are put together, but do not

mix completely, i.e., oil in water

mousse (n) a chilled dessert made with whipped cream and

gelatin

ache (v) to feel pain

12

thermometer (n) an instrument that measures temperature

temperature (n) the system to measure cold and heat

malaria (n) a disease transferred by an infected mosquito

symptom (n) a sign that shows a person may have a disease or

illness

light (n) illumination received as varying levels of

brightness to the eye

judge (v) to decide on a winner

distance (n) the space between two points

lightning (n) large and bright natural electrical charges that

occur during storms

thunder (n) the sound made by lightning

vacation (n) a holiday that involves traveling to an area of

interest

state (n) a region inside a country with its own

administration

license plate (n) a sign on a vehicle that shows the vehicle’s

identity number

awesome (adj) inspiring extreme wonderment and awe

cavern (n) a large cave

inventor (n) a person who makes something new

detailed (adj) containing a lot of specific information;

rendered with specifics

observation (n) an event or detail noticed by someone watching

invention (n) a creation

parachute (n) a device consisting of fabric and string designed

to reduce the effects of a fall

impossible (adj) not able to be done

repeat (v) to say again; to do again

13

word for word(phrase)

using the exact same words in the exact same

order

accomplish (v) to do something difficult or noteworthy

feat (n) an accomplishment; a difficult or noteworthy

action

piece (n) a part for playing a game

seasoned (adj) experienced

chessboard (n) a board on which the game chess is played

apply (v) to use to or adapt for a certain purpose

possible (adj) able to be done

go overboard(phrase)

to do too much or too often; to go to an extreme

strategy (n) a plan; a technique

highlight (v) to use a colored marker to note or emphasize

part of a text

ponder (v) to think about

compile (v) to collect and organize

review (v) to look again; to study again

suggestion (n) a tip; a piece of advice

pick out (v) to choose; to select

in sum (phrase n)

to summarize; to give a general idea of what

something is about

discouraged (adj) having lost interest or confidence

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Chapter 2 - Skill A

Wordlist Meaning

customary (adj) the normal way; a usual habit

response (n) an answer to a question; a reply

theory (n) an idea explaining something

superstition (n) a belief in luck or the influence of magic

custom (n) a normal or common action for a particular

culture

elect (v) to choose by vote

plague (n) a deadly, serious, widespread disease

get rid of (v) to remove; to destroy; to make go away

order (v) to command; to tell to do

immediately (adv) right away; very soon after

secret (n) a private technique or strategy

abstract (adj) based on ideas instead of objects

picture (v) to imagine; to form an image in one’s mind

hard time (n) difficulty

cent (n) 1/100 of a dollar

network (n) a group of computers sharing information

and files

right now (phrase) at this moment

avenue (n) a way; a means

asymmetrical (adj) not symmetrical; uneven or unbalanced

subscriber (n) someone registered for a particular service

connection (n) a way of joining two or more things

accommodate (v) to provide for; to allow

comparison (n) looking at how two things are the same or

different

15

copper (n) a reddish brown metallic element good for

conducting electricity

wire (n) a long thin piece of metal used to conduct

electricity

film (n) a movie

festival (n) a series of cultural or artistic performances

or exhibitions

dormitory (n) a building or room for sleeping

play (v) to show

kick out (v) to force out; to send away from

hide (v) to make so one can’t be seen by others

protect (v) to keep safe

method (n) a way; a technique

surroundings (n) what is around something; the environment

forest (n) an area with a lot of trees

soft (adj) weak; not bright

pattern (n) a repeated design or marking

spot (v) to see; to notice

instance (n) an example

copy (v) to act or look like something else

wonder (v) to think about and question

century (n) 100 years

ancient (adj) from very long ago

foretell (v) to describe or show an event before it

happens

consider (v) to think of as

omen (n) a sign of the future, of things to come

modern (adj) recent

16

represent (v) to symbolize; to stand for; to show

suppress (v) to keep down; to keep hidden

god (n) a being with powers above those of people

17

Chapter 2 - Skill B

Wordlist Meaning

confused (adj) mixed up; unable to think or understand

clearly

type (n) a kind; a classification

blood (n) the fluid pumped by the heart that transports

oxygen, nutrients, and waste in the body

classify (v) to place a subject in an appropriate category

Earth (n) the world; the third planet from the sun, on

which we live

imagination (n) a creation of an unreal form or event in one’s

mind

attempt (v) to try; to make an effort to do

slightly (adj) in a small amount or degree

plot (n) the order of events that form a story

phrase (n) a sequence of words containing meaning

cumulative (adj) increasing or enlarging by repetition or

addition

humorous (adj) making a person smile or laugh

nonsense (n) something silly or without meaning

hopelessly (adv) without hope

enchanted (adj) under a magical spell; mysteriously

attractive

tutor (v) to give private teaching or instruction

sign up (v) to apply or register

get in touch (v) to contact; to have communication

feedback (n) a response that gives an opinion or criticism

survey (n) a question or a group of questions given to a

group or population

18

web (n) a net made by a spider to catch insects

among (prep) within or throughout a group

thread (n) a thin, sometimes flexible string

spin (v) to create thread

strand (n) a single thin piece of thread or similar

material

covering (n) something that is used to cover over an object,

usually for protection

coat (v) to cover, usually with some kind of liquid

(paint, glue, wax, etc.)

sticky (adj) acting as an adhesive; causing attachment

stuck (adj) being unable to move

trapdoor (n) a secret door used for escape

balloon (n) a flexible bag filled with a gas

float (v) to stay on top of a liquid; to stay up in the air

pour (v) to dump or allow to flow out or downward

cap (n) a covering that is used to seal in the contents

of an object

rise (v) to move from a lower to a higher position

bottom (n) the lowest possible location

weigh (v) to measure the weight

displace (v) to move out of a former position

helium (n) a gas used to fill balloons

buoyancy (n) the ability to float in air or on water

naturally (adv) in a natural way; in a way without human

influence

artificially (adv) in an artificial or man-made way

plenty (adj) large in amount or degree

19

consume (v) to eat; to use up

interfere (v) to interrupt an action

nerve (n) a part of the body that sends signals to the

brain

tube (n) a long and hollow cylinder used for transport

vessel (n) a narrow tube used for circulating bodily

fluids

surface (n) the top side of an object; the highest outside

layer

conquer (v) to defeat or overcome

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Chapter 2 - Skill C (Skill Review)

Wordlist Meaning

microscope (n) a tool for making very small objects look

large

device (n) a tool; an instrument

cell (n) the smallest structural unit of tissue in living

things

pretty (adj) very; quite

specimen (n) an example for study

section (n a part; a unit of a whole

stain (v) to change the color of

limit (v) to keep small; to prevent from developing

enable (v) to allow; to make possible; to give the

ability

shade (n) a dark area in which light has been blocked

billion (n) 1,000,000,000

reason (n) an explanation

lay (v) to place down

stretch (v) to go; to reach across

donate (v) to give away so as to help

address (n) a speech for a certain audience or event

last (v) to continue to occur

cemetery (n) a place where dead bodies are buried

salute (v) to put one’s hand to one’s forehead as a sign

of respect

governor (n) a politician in charge of a state in the US

valley (n) a low area between two hills or mountains

freedom (n) the right to choose one’s way in life

needlessly (adv) for no good reason

21

cheer (v) to show appreciation by clapping, yelling,

or whistling

plan (v) to think about; to make a strategy for

surprise (v) to give unexpected knowledge or feelings

tone up (v) to make tighter

strengthen (v) to make stronger

disease (n) a sickness; an illness

equipment (n) tools or machines to help do an activity

country (n) a rural area; a place not in the city

stretch (n) an exercise that make muscles longer and

more relaxed

straight (adj) not bent or curved

deep (adj) long and full

pace (n) a rate; a speed

sorority (n) a club for women in college

escort (n) a person who goes with another person for

protection

give a ride(phrase)

to drive someone from

pick up (v) to meet in order to give a ride

run (v) to operate; to offer service

big day (n) a day of an important event

nervous (adj) worried; anxious

natural (adj) normal; healthy

panic (n) to feel sudden, very strong fear

confident (adj) believing in oneself; not nervous or worried

admission (n) an ability or permission to enter somewhere

portion (n) a section; a part

22

calculator (n) an electronic tool that performs math

functions

alarm (n) a bell or noise to signal time

portable (adj) able to be moved and carried easily

hall (n) a large room for gatherings of people

imagine (v) to believe; to not be surprised

unique (adj) special; like no other

depend on (v) to change according to

carry over (v) to continue

treat (v) to pay for someone else

declining (adj) going down; becoming less

balance (n) an amount of money or points remaining

withdraw (v) to take out

account (n) a place or system where money

or points are kept

several (adj) many

consider (v) to think about

permanently (adv)

continuously; for ever

frozen (adj) solid because of cold

classify (v) to group; to organize

location (n) a place

equator (n) an imaginary line going around the Earth,

dividing it into northern and southern halves

spill (v) to cause to fall from a container

form (v) to create; to make

measurable (adj) countable; noticeable

mistake (n) an incorrect act

catch it (v) to notice it

misspell (v) to spell incorrectly

alike (adj) the same

direct (v) to control; to manage

duty (n) a responsibility on a job

marital (adj) about marriage

23

status (n) condition

plenty (adj) a lot of

font (n) a style of printed letters

trillion (n) 1,000,000,000,000

earn (v) to make money

childbirth (n) the process of a baby first leaving its

mother’s body

task (n) a job; a piece of work

bridge (n) a connection

income (n) money earned

interest (n) money charged for a loan

loan (n) money given with the promise it will be

paid back with interest

credit (n) the ability to buy goods with the promise to

pay in the future

headquarters (n) a main office

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Chapter 2 - Skill D

Wordlist Meaning

head (v) to go towards

aerobics (n) exercises that strengthen the lungs and

heart

treadmill (n) an exercise machine for running

coordination (n) the ability to move your body the way

your mind wants

discipline (n) the ability to continue a difficult or boring

task

mechanical (adj) by physical forces

process (n) a series of events to achieve a result; a

sequence

freeze (v) to change from a liquid to a solid

thaw (v) to change from a solid to a liquid

altitude (n) the elevation; the height above sea-level

decomposition (n) the break down, or destruction, of matter

through chemical reactions

oxidation (n) a chemical reaction involving the addition

of oxygen molecules

carbonation (n) a chemical reaction involving the addition

of carbon molecules

hydration (n) a chemical reaction involving the addition

of hydrogen molecules

condition (n) a situation; an environment

review (v) to do something again to remember it

better

session (n) one of a series of events, usually lasting a

short time

discussion (n) a talk between two or more people on a

specific topic

extra (adj) more than needed; more than usual

economics (n) a class studying money and finances

escape (v) to avoid something; to get away from

something

25

tired of (adj) bored with; bothered by

instead of (adv) in place of

product (n) something produced to be sold

placement (n) a display; putting something in a certain

location

disguise (n) something designed to hide the true nature

of another thing

publicity (n) attention from people

limited to (adj) only (in)

technique (n) a way of doing something

realism (n) the sense or feeling of being true, or real

oral (adj) spoken

generation (n) a group of people born and living about

the same time

rhyme (n) words that have the same ending sounds

American Indian (n) a native person of North America, who

Europeans mistook for Indians

notion (n) an idea; a plan

laden (adj) filled with; burdened by

bound (adj) going towards

verse (n) a grouping of lines in a poem or song

typical (adj) normal; characteristic of

repeat (v) to state again

pattern (n) a repeated event or occurrence

imaginary (adj) not real; existing only in one’s mind

hemisphere (n) a half of a ball-shaped object (like the

Earth)

back and forth (adv) to some place and then back again

depend on (v) to need; to rely on

latitude (n) a measurement of north-south position on

Earth

stalled (adj) unable to move; stopped

mean (v) to intend

steady (adj) constant; continuous

propel (v) to push forward

26

27

Chapter 2 - Skill E

Wordlist Meaning

permit (n) an official paper that allows the holder to do

something

valid (adj) correct; usable; in effect

serial number (n)

a unique number on a piece of equipment that can

identify that equipment

identification (n)

a document that proves the identity of a person

fine (n) money paid as punishment for doing something

wrong

fancy (adj) heavily decorated; not simple

clay (n) a soft, sticky mud used for making things

mold (n) a shape made out of hard material that can be used

to make other shapes of the same size

glaze (v) to apply a thin layer of clay that becomes glass when

heated at a high temperature

ingredient (n) a smaller part that mixes with others to create a

whole

tube (n) a long, hollow cylinder

plaster (n) a mixture of sand, water, and other ingredients that

becomes very hard when dry

shell (n) a hard layer around an object for protection

incredibly (adj) very; extremely

support (v) to hold up; to hold the weight of

check out (v) to borrow; to take out from the library

ID (n) identification; a card that proves the identity of

someone

form (n) a paper asking for standard information to be written

fill out (v) to write the needed information on a form

bother (v) to make the effort to do something

mineral (n) a chemical substance made from natural physical

(but not living) processes

nerve (n) a fiber that transmits sensations and movement

information to the brain

28

muscle (n) a long cell that contracts to produce movement in

the body

curve (v) to shape like part of a circle; to not be straight

ultraviolet (adj)

of a wavelength that is invisible to the human eye

and that is shorter than the wavelength seen as the

color violet

ray (n) a beam of light

transform (v) to change

calm (adj) peaceful; relaxed; not stressed

related to (adj) about; concerned with

chip (n) a very small piece of arranged electronics used in

computer technology

logic (n) a simple language based on rational thinking and

used by computers for calculation

map (v) to organize

bits (n) the combinations of the numbers zero and one,

which form the smallest units of computer data

bytes (n) a combination of usually 8 bits, which forms a

single character

pathway (n) a way of traveling; a road

input (n) information going in

output (n) information going out

combination (n)

two or more things mixed together

bladder (n) a sack-like organ in animals, which holds liquid or

gas

squeeze (v) to push together the walls of a container to expel the

contents

sink (v) to go down; to not float

vertically (adv) going up and down

propeller (n) a machine with spinning metal blades that makes an

airplane or boat move

swing (v) to move side to side

lift (n) an upward movement

position (v) to put in a place

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enable (v) to allow; to make possible

stabilizer (n) a vertical wing on an airplane that helps it keep its

position

Chapter 2 - Skill F (Skill Review)

Wordlist Meaning

personality (n) a group of traits and behaviors particular to a

person

define (v) to tell exactly what something is

precise (adj) exact

reprogrammable (adj)

able to be given new, different instructions

vast (adj) great in number or quantity

majority (n) more than 50 percent of a group

hydraulic (adj) operated by water under pressure

compressed (adj) pushed into a small volume to create

pressure

pneumatic (adj) operated by compressed air

plug (v) to connect, usually to gain electricity

cell (n) the smallest structures of living matter that

can form larger organs in larger life forms

radiation (n) the process of giving off light and/or heat

energy

respond (v) to react; to act because of a prior action

repair (v) to fix

protect (v) to keep from getting hurt

lotion (n) a cream or oil applied to skin

block (v) to stop; to prevent

shield (n) a device for protection; a device that blocks

danger

reach (v) to get to; to arrive at

absorb (v) to take in

I’m free (phrase) I have no work or appointments

tribal (adj) concerning a group of people

totem (n) an animal or plant that acts as a symbol for a

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group of people

paper (n) an essay; a written report

go over (v) to review; to describe

shed (v) to get rid of from oneself; to leave a part of

oneself behind

remind (v) to bring to attention again

discard (v) to get rid of; to throw away

certain (adj) particular; specific

evolve (v) to change and improve over time

admire (v) to respect

vegetation (n) plants growing in a certain area

forage (v) to wander in search of food

avoid (v) to stay away from

migrate (v) to move from one area to another

apply for (v) to try to get

position (n) a job

tour guide (n) a person who leads a group of people around

a place and gives them information about the

place

duty (n) a responsibility; a task needed on a job

hold (v) to have; to do

martial (adj) having to do with war or fighting

picture (n) to imagine; to see in one’s mind

spectacular (adj) impressive; amazing

spin (v) to turn quickly in a circle

strengthen (v) to make stronger

principle (n) a main or guiding idea in a way of thinking

and behaving

concentrate (v) to focus; to think closely

alert (adj) aware of everything around

resumé (n) a paper explaining one’s education, work

experience, and suitable skills for a job

deal with (v) to successfully act to overcome a challenge;

to handle

advisor (n) someone who gives advice, or helps solve

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problems

major (v) to take as a main course of study

civilization (n) the state of large numbers of people living

together under certain rules

cover (v) to teach about; to include

reformation (n) a period of great social change

intriguing (adj) interesting

discussion (n) a talk about a particular topic

closely (adv) with exactness; not going far from

society (n) a group of people of the same culture living

in the same area

citizen (n) one member of a society

mother (adj) place or country of beginning

tongue (n) a language

academic (n) a scholar; a person who studies for a job

educator (n) a teacher

basic (adj) fundamental; the simplest and most

important

disagree (v) to have different opinions

for sure (phrase) with certainty; without doubt

coordinate (adj) working together

personality (n) the thought and behavior that distinguish one

person from others

end up (v) to result in; to be or exist at the end of some

event

pay attention (v) to listen closely; to focus

curriculum (n) courses and topics of study

composition (n) the act of writing

require (v) to need

lengthy (adj) long

semester (n) a division of a school year

humanities (n) an area of study including literature, history,

and philosophy

relate to (v) to deal with; to be important to

elective (n) a course that students get to choose; not

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required

fulfill (v) to complete the requirements

basis (n) a root; a basic principle

invisible (adj) not able to be seen

radical (adj) very different; attempting to change society

ethical (adj) concerning right or wrong behavior

acceptable (adj) considered right; not offensive

diversity (n) the state of having many different peoples,

ideas, and lifestyles in a culture

conform (v) to submit to a standard

alternative (adj) different than a standard

uniform (adj) the same throughout

Interdependence (n)

two or more people or units equally relying

on each other

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