Windows Server 2003硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列

林寶森jeffl@ms11.hinet.net

What Is Disk Management?• A snap-in located in Computer Management • Use to view disk information and perform disk

management tasks on local and remote computers• Enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without

shutting down the system or interrupting users

Using Disk Managementcompmgmt - [Computer Management (Local)\Storage\Disk Management]

Action View

Volume (C:)

LayoutPartition

TypeBasic

Computer Management (Local)System ToolsStorage

Removable StorageDisk DefragmenterLogical Drives Disk Management

Server Applications and ServicesDisk Management

Disk 0Basic3.02 GBOnline

(C:)1.37 GB NTFSHealthy (System)

RefreshRescan DisksRestore Basic Disk Configuration…

NewAll TasksViewHelp

OpenExplore

Change Drive Letter and Path…Format…

Delete Partition…

Properties

Help

Mark Partition ActiveMark Partition Active

Upgrade to Dynamic Disk…

Properties

Help

Select disk

Select disk

Select partition or

volume

Select partition or

volume

Organizing a Basic Disk

H:H:G:G:F:F:

E:E:

D:D:

C:C:

F:F:

E:E:

D:D:

C:C:

-OR--OR--OR--OR-

Primarypartitions

Up to four primary partitions

Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition

with logical drives

Extendedpartition withlogical drives

Creating Partitions and DrivesCreating a partitionCreating a partition

Creating a logical driveCreating a logical drive

Assigning Drive Letters

Disk 0

Disk 1

Disk 2

Disk 3

C:I:

C:I:

F:F:

G:G:

H:H:

D:D:

E:E:

Assigned

Primary

Primary

Primary

Logical

Changing a Drive Letter

What Is a Mounted Drive?

• Is assigned a path rather than a drive letter • Can unify different file systems on a logical drive• Allows you to add more drives without using up

drive letters

Creating a Mount Point

Before adding a mount pointBefore adding a mount point

After adding a mount pointAfter adding a mount point

Purpose of a Mounted Drive

• Adds volumes to systems without adding separate drive letters for each new volume– Disk Management assigns a drive path to the drive

rather than a drive letter– Drive paths retain their association to the drive – Add or rearrange storage devices without the drive path

failing

• Increases number of drives, not storage space• Manages data storage based on working

environment and system usage

Deleting a Partition

Disk Storage Types

Simple volume

Basic StorageBasic Storage

Extendedpartition withlogical drivesH:H:

G:G:F:F:

E:E:

D:D:

C:C:

F:F:

E:E:

D:D:

C:C:

-or--or--or--or-

Primarypartitions

Dynamic StorageDynamic Storage

Spanned volume

Mirrored volume

RAID-5 volume

Striped volume

Basic Disks vs. Dynamic Disks

Disk Benefits

Basic disks

Use to create segregated space to organize data

Can be divided into up to 4 primary partitions, or up to 3 primary partitions and one extended partition

Dynamic disks

Use to create volumes that span multiple disks

No limit on the number of volumes per disk

Use to create fault-tolerant disks that ensure data integrity when hardware failures occur

Converting a Basic Disk to a Dynamic Disk

Disk ManagementDisk Management

DiskPartDiskPart

Results of Dynamic Disk Conversion

• Can convert a disk from basic to dynamic storage at any time without losing data

• Dynamic disks are associated with Disk Groups– Disk Groups help you organize dynamic disks– Each disk in a Disk Group stores replicas of the same

configuration data– Windows initializes the disk with a Disk Group identity and a copy

of the current Disk Group configuration

• Existing partitions on the basic disk become volumes • Dynamic disks can be reverted back to basic disks

– Disk structure and data is not maintained– Back up data before reverting

Creating a Volume

• A simple volume resides on a single dynamic disk

• To create a spanned or striped volume, you must have two or more dynamic disks

Creating Simple Volumes

Simple Volumes: • Contain Space on a Single Disk• Can Use NTFS, FAT, or FAT32• Can be created only on dynamic disks• Are Created with the Create Volume Wizard• Can Be Extended if Formatted as NTFS• Can Be Mirrored

Extending a Volume

• Created by extending onto unallocated space on the same disk or a different disk

• You cannot extend a volume that contains a system or boot volume

Creating Spanned Volumes

3994 MBUnallocated

New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy

Disk 1Dynamic4094 MBOnline

3994 MBUnallocated

New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy

Disk 2Dynamic4094 MBOnline

EmptyEmpty

Free space combined into one logical volumeFree space combined into one logical volume

Data written to first disk until full, then to next disk in volume

Data written to first disk until full, then to next disk in volume

EmptyData

RAID Systems

• Hardware Disk Array Supports– RAID 0 + 1– RAID 1 + 5

RAID 0RAID 0

RAID 1RAID 1

RAID 2RAID 2

RAID 3RAID 3

RAID 4RAID 4

Disk stripingDisk striping

Disk mirroringDisk mirroring

Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC)Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC)

Disk striping with ECC stored as parityDisk striping with ECC stored as parity

Disk striping large blocks; parity stored on one driveDisk striping large blocks; parity stored on one drive

RAID 5RAID 5 Disk striping with parity distributed across multiple drivesDisk striping with parity distributed across multiple drives

= Software Implementations of RAID Supported by Windows Server 2003

Creating Striped Volumes

3994 MBUnallocated

New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy

Disk 1Dynamic4094 MBOnline

3994 MBUnallocated

New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy

Disk 2Dynamic4094 MBOnline

64 KB64 KB64 KB

Free space combined into one logical volumeFree space combined into one logical volume

Data written across all disks in 64-KB unitsData written across all disks in 64-KB units

How Striped Volume WorksDisk 3Disk 1 Disk 2

RAID 1: Mirrored Volume

C:

D:D:

E:

Disk 0 Disk 1

Fault ToleranceDriver

Ftdisk.sys

F:

D :D :

G:

´́

Raid 5: Stripe Sets with Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5Disk 1 Disk 2

Parity InformationParityParity

Raid 1 vs. Raid 5

Mirrored VolumeMirrored VolumeMirrored VolumeMirrored Volume RAID-5 VolumeRAID-5 VolumeRAID-5 VolumeRAID-5 Volume

Supports FAT and NTFS Supports FAT and NTFS

Can mirror system or boot partition Can mirror system or boot partition

Requires two hard disks Requires two hard disks

Has higher cost per megabyte(50 percent utilization)

Has higher cost per megabyte(50 percent utilization)

Has good read and write performance Has good read and write performance

Uses less system memory Uses less system memory

Supports FAT and NTFS Supports FAT and NTFS

Cannot stripe system or boot partition Cannot stripe system or boot partition

Requires minimum of three hard disks Requires minimum of three hard disks

Has lower cost per megabyte Has lower cost per megabyte

Has moderate write performance Has excellent read performance

Has moderate write performance Has excellent read performance

Requires more system memory Requires more system memory

Supports up to 32 hard disks Supports up to 32 hard disks

Recovering a Failed Mirrored Volume

When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the mirrored volume, replace the failed disk

and reestablish themirrored volume

Recover a disk identified as Offline, Missing, or

Online (Errors)

Disk 1 Disk 2

D:D: D':D':

Reactivate Disk

D:D: D':D':

Add Mirror

Disk 1Disk 2 Disk 2

Remove Mirror

Creating a Fault Tolerance Boot Disk

Test the boot disk Test the boot disk

Modify Boot.ini Modify Boot.ini

Copy the necessary files Copy the necessary files

Format a disk using Windows Server Format a disk using Windows Server1111

2222

3333

4444

BootBootDiskDisk

BootBootDiskDisk

Boot.ini

BootBootDiskDisk

Understanding ARC Paths

No BIOS

multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2)multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2)

multi(0)

rdisk(0) rdisk(1) disk(0)

partition(1)

partition(2)

partition(1)

partition(2)

partition(1)

scsi(0)

Recovering a Failed RAID-5 Volume

When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the RAID-5 volume, replace the failed disk and regenerate the RAID-5 volume

Recover a disk identified as Offline, Missing, or

Online (Errors)

Parity

Parity

Disk 1 Disk 2

Parity

Parity

Disk 3

Parity

Parity

Reactivate Disk

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Regenerate Volume on New DiskReplace Failed Disk

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3

Managing Volumes on Disks

• Deleting Spanned Volume and Striped Volume– Deleting a spanned volume or striped volume

deletes all of the data that the volume contains– You can delete entire volume only

• Repairing and Deleting RAID-5 Volume– Repairing a RAID-5 volume requires additional disk

with sufficient free space– Deleting a RAID-5 volume deletes all data that the

volume contains– You can delete entire RAID-5 volume only

Adding Disks• Adding a New Disk

• Adding Disks from Other Computers

• Failed: Incomplete Volume and Failed Redundancy Mean Disk is Missing from Volume

RefreshRescan DisksRestore Basic Disk Configuration…

NewAll TasksViewHelp

Disk 0Basic1908 MBOnline

CDRom 0

CDRom

No Media

Import Foreign Disk

What Is a Foreign Disk?• A dynamic disk when moved to a local computer

from another computer running:– Windows 2000 Professional and Server family– Windows XP Professional– Windows Server 2003 family

• A disk moved within the same system, in some cases

• A disk moved from a disk group to another computer that contains its own disk group can be displayed as a foreign disk

Moving Dynamic Disks

• When moving a dynamic disk, select import foreign disk to update the dynamic database on the newly added disk

• When moving multi-disk volumes, move all disks in the volume at the same time

Moving a diskMoving a diskMoving a diskMoving a disk