Nuclear astrophysical reactions by unstable beams andProgress of BRIF and BRIFIIWei-ping Liu wpliu@iris.ciae.ac.cn China Institute of Atomic Energy, CIAE 6th China Japan Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium May 16-20, 2006Shanghai

Study of some key nuclear astrophysical reactions by unstable nuclear beams

Interplay between astrophysics and nuclear physicsNuclear processMain energy of star to balance gravitational collapseMechanism of isotope synthesis apart from HydrogenRule the evolution process from the first few minutes after big bang to just before the end of star lifeNuclear astrophysicsUsing nuclear physics to explain the energy production and element synthesis in star and cosmos

Nuclear astrophysics and physics of unstable nucleiprimordial and super novae high temperature and density environment, large amount of unstable nuclear involved into nuclear burningRIKEN RIBF proposal

Nuclear astrophysics LabB. Pfeiffer, et al., Z. Physik A357, 253 (1997)

Reaction networkCross sectionDecay half-life

Challenge to experiment11C(p,)12NGamow windowExtremely low energyVanishing low cross section

Our solution: indirect methodRIB productionW.P. Liu, NIM B204(2003)62(d,n) or (d,p) measurementANC or Spec factorAstrophysical reaction ratesW.P. Liu, PRL77(1996)611

Direct capture process of 11C(p,g)Key reaction in hot pp chainDominated by direct captureN. C. Shu,, W. P. Liu et al., Nucl. Phys. A 758 (2005) 419cW. P. Liu et al., NPA728(2003)275

First measurement of primordial 8Li(n,g)9Li reaction rateDestroy reaction of 8Li: 8Li(n,g)9Li, 8Li(d,p)9Li in inhomogeneous big bangAPJ429(1994)499Half-life of 8Li: 0.83 sdirect (n,g) exp. impossibleZ. H. Li, W.P. Liu et al.PRC 71, 052801(R) (2005)

Comment on our resultsThe paper presents excellent experimental work and removes a longstanding debate about the absolute cross section of 8Li(n,g) As far as I know, so far, no results have been published to determine a neutron capture rate of astrophysical importance

13N(d,n)14O 13N(p,g)14OPRC, submitted

Summary of reaction studied9C12N18Ne17F14O

Opportunities from BRIF and BRIF IIBRIF: Beijing Radioactive Ion Facility

Physics : why BRIFIntensity 1-109, energy 100 keV-10 MeV/u, RIA proposal

The current Tandem labBeam type, only stable, no noble gasEnergy range, less than 14 MeV/qInstrumentation, no RMS, no ISOLBeam time: 100 % overdue

BRIF100 MeV 200 mA compact proton cyclotron20000 mass resolution ISOL, 2 MeV/q super-conducting LINAC

BRIF energy and mass resolution

BRIF research opportunities and combinations100 MeV, 200 mAProton CyclotronISOLMass Resolution20000RIBStable BeamIon SourceSuperConductingLINACTandemAccelerator15 MVNeutron dataRadiation physicsDecay dataMaterial physicsNuclear dataRadiation physicsNuclear structureReactionAstrophysicsAtomic PhysicsApplicationsRadiation physicsNuclear structureReactionAstrophysicsAtomic PhysicsTandem with unstable beam, proton-rich, fissionheavy ion beam with higher beam energy, 20 MeV/q100 MeV proton and neutron beamsavailable by the year 2010100 MeV neutronISOLcurrent terminalslimitation of instrument and machine time

More n-rich beam: CARRISOLHorizontal tubeHe-jet + ISOLNeutron flux 1X1014 /cm2/sAvailable in 2007

Low b RFQ for new injector17 MeV/q super-conducting LINACRMSLarge acceptance spectrometerDecay measurements

Beam energy

Chart1

263032474.8

8.6666666667101118.54.8

5.90909090916.81818181827.7272714.54554.8

5.68756.56257.562515.06254.8

4.95238095245.71428571436.57143134.8

45.19230769236.0384612.38464.8

3.77419354844.83870967745.6774211.96774.8

3.61111111114.1666666667511.254.8

3.17073170733.65853658544.487810.70734.8

2.82608695653.58695652174.3695710.23914.8

2.54901960783.23529411764.019619.901964.8

2.55357142862.94642857143.696439.321434.8

2.34426229512.70491803283.426238.836074.8

2.16666666672.72727272733.454558.909094.8

2.0140845072.53521126763.239448.521134.8

1.88157894742.36842105263.052638.184214.8

1.76543209882.22222222222.86427.679014.8

1.66279069772.09302325582.720937.430234.8

1.57142857141.9780219782.593417.208794.8

1.48958333331.8752.458336.833334.8

1.41584158421.78217821782.356446.663374.8

1.47169811321.69811320752.264156.509434.8

1.28828828831.62162162162.162166.216224.8

1.23275862071.55172413792.068975.948284.8

1.28925619831.487603305825.842984.8

1.23809523811.42857142861.936515.746034.8

1.19083969471.37404580151.877865.656494.8

1.14705882351.32352941181.808825.448534.8

1.10638297871.27659574471.758875.375894.8

1.06849315071.23287671231.698635.191784.8

1.03311258281.19205298011.642385.019874.8

11.15384615381.589744.858974.8

0.96894409941.11801242241.55284.813664.8

0.93975903611.08433734941.506024.668674.8

0.91228070181.05263157891.461994.532164.8

0.88636363641.02272727271.420454.403414.8

0.8618784530.99447513811.392274.375694.8

0.83870967740.96774193551.354844.258064.8

0.81675392670.9424083771.319374.14664.8

0.79591836730.91836734691.285714.040824.8

0.7761194030.89552238811.253733.94034.8

0.75728155340.87378640781.233013.927184.8

0.73933649290.85308056871.203793.834124.8

0.72222222220.83333333331.175933.745374.8

0.70588235290.8144796381.158373.737564.8

0.69026548670.7964601771.132743.654874.8

0.67532467530.77922077921.108233.575764.8

0.66101694920.76271186441.084753.54.8

0.64730290460.74688796681.062243.427394.8

0.63414634150.73170731711.048783.426834.8

0.62151394420.71713147411.027893.358574.8

13 MV

15 MV

(MeV/u)

200011

1315

H111261304.83030

D2113

He2423924519.211.2522.5

Li3735236033.68.571428571420

Be4946547543.28.333333333318.75

B51146547552.86.818181818218.75

C61257859057.67.518

N714578610567.27.517.5

O816691610576.86.562517.5

F919691712091.26.315789473717.1428571429

Mg122413115.2

Al132713129.6

Si142881179150134.45.357142857116.6666666667

P153113148.8

S163213153.6

Cl173513168

Ca20409130101651924.12516.5

Fe265613268.8

Ni285913283.2

Cu296413307.2

Se347913379.2

Br358013384

Ag4710813518.4

Sn5011913571.2

I5312713609.6

26304.8

13

394519.2

526033.6

657543.2

657552.8

789057.6

7810567.2

9110576.8

9112091.2

13115.2

13129.6

117150134.4

13148.8

13153.6

13168

130165192

MeV

brnbf energy.nb,

3.5 MV 3.5 MV 3.5 MV 13 MV 13 MV 13 MV 13 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV

11177.00012626.00113030.000132321

63210.51.7503528.67336010.000366113

1153141.2734655.9154756.8185857.727275

168417.51.0946915.69761056.56381217.56258

21105211.00071044.95971205.71491386.571439

26125210.80871044.001181355.192111576.0384611

31155210.67781173.771391504.839131765.6774214

36175210.58391303.611591504.16715180515

41195210.51291303.171791503.659171844.487817

46215210.45791302.8318101653.587182014.3695719

51235210.41291302.5519101653.235202054.0196120

56255210.375101432.5520101652.946212073.6964321

61275210.344101432.3421101652.705222093.4262323

6630624.50.371101432.1723111802.727242283.4545525

7132624.50.345101432.0124111802.535252303.2394426

7634624.50.322101431.8824111802.368262323.0526327

8136624.50.302101431.7725111802.222262322.864228

8638624.50.285101431.6626111802.093272342.7209329

9140624.50.269101431.5726111801.978282362.5934130

9642624.50.255101431.4927111801.875282362.4583330

10144624.50.243101431.4227111801.782292382.3564431

10646624.50.231111561.4729111801.698302402.2641532

11147624.50.221101431.2928111801.622302402.1621632

11649624.50.211101431.2328111801.552302402.0689733

12151624.50.202111561.2930111801.48831242233

12653624.50.194111561.2431111801.429322441.9365135

13155624.50.187111561.1931111801.374332461.8778636

13657624.50.180111561.1532111801.324332461.8088236

14159624.50.174111561.1132111801.277342481.7588737

14661624.50.168111561.0733111801.233342481.6986337

15162624.50.162111561.0332111801.192342481.6423837

15664624.50.157111561.0033111801.154342481.5897438

16166624.50.152111560.9733111801.118352501.552838

16668624.50.148111560.9433111801.084352501.5060239

17170624.50.143111560.9134111801.053352501.4619939

17671624.50.139111560.8934111801.023352501.4204539

18173624.50.135111560.8634111800.994362521.3922740

18675624.50.132111560.8434111800.968362521.3548440

19177624.50.128111560.8234111800.942362521.3193741

19678624.50.125111560.8034111800.918362521.2857141

20180624.50.122111560.7835111800.896362521.2537341

20682624.50.119111560.7635111800.874372541.2330141

21183624.50.116111560.7435111800.853372541.2037941

21685624.50.113111560.7235111800.833372541.1759342

22187624.50.111111560.7136111800.814382561.1583743

22688624.50.108111560.6936111800.796382561.1327443

23190624.50.106111560.6836111800.779382561.1082343

23692624.50.104111560.6636111800.763382561.0847544

24193624.50.102111560.6536111800.747382561.0622443

24695624.50.100111560.6336111800.732392581.0487844

25197624.50.098111560.6237111800.717392581.0278944

brnbf energy.nb, 17 MeV

3.5 MV 3.5 MV 3.5 MV 13 MV 13 MV 13 MV 13 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV 15 MV

1117.0007126.0026.00113030.0001.0001014.9447471

63210.5001.75352.008.67336010.0003.000233.84811118.53

115314.0001.2727272727465.005.9154756.8185.000109.46116014.54555

168417.5001.09375691.005.69761056.5638.00051.813224115.06258

2110521.00017104.004.95971205.7149.00067.23472731310

2612521.0000.80769230777104.004.001181355.19211.00062.414732212.384611

3115521.0000.67741935488117.003.771391504.83913.00046.999137111.967714

3617521.0000.58333333339130.003.611591504.16715.00043.268240511.2516

4119521.0000.5121951229130.003.171791503.65917.00025.362843910.707319

4621521.0000.45652173919130.002.8318101653.58718.00033.255447110.239120

5123521.0000.41176470599130.002.5519101653.23520.00017.88125059.9019622

5625521.0000.37510143.002.5520101652.94621.00019.70575229.3214324

6127521.0000.344262295110143.002.3421101652.70522.00019.9455398.8360725

6630624.5000.371212121210143.002.1723111802.72724.00019.05885888.9090928

7132624.5000.345070422510143.002.0124111802.53525.00017.91666058.5211329

7634624.5000.322368421110143.001.8824111802.36826.00016.37776228.1842131

8136624.5000.302469135810143.001.7725111802.22226.00022.03466227.6790132

8638624.5000.284883720910143.001.6626111802.09327.00020.01276397.4302333

9140624.5000.269230769210143.001.5726111801.97828.00017.75516567.2087935

9642624.5000.255208333310143.001.4927111801.87528.00020.54376566.8333336

10144624.5000.242574257410143.001.4227111801.78229.00018.66736.6633737

10646624.5000.231132075511156.001.4729111801.69830.00016.21476906.5094339

11147624.5000.220720720710143.001.2928111801.62230.00016.59586906.2162239

11649624.5000.211206896610143.001.2328111801.55230.00018.42716905.9482840

12151624.5000.202479338811156.001.2930111801.48831.00016.3167075.8429842

12653624.5000.194444444411156.001.2431111801.42932.00013.70067245.7460344

13155624.5000.187022900811156.001.1931111801.37433.00010.88157415.6564945

13657624.5000.180147058811156.001.1532111801.32433.00012.96667415.4485346

14159624.5000.173758865211156.001.1132111801.27734.00010.12127585.3758947

14661624.5000.167808219211156.001.0733111801.23334.00011.90617585.1917848

15162624.5000.162251655611156.001.0332111801.19234.00011.91997585.0198749

15664624.5000.157051282111156.001.0033111801.15434.00013.36667584.8589750

16166624.5000.15217391311156.000.9733111801.11835.00010.56287754.8136651

16668624.5000.147590361411156.000.9433111801.08435.00011.89317754.6686752

17170624.5000.143274853811156.000.9134111801.05335.00013.02377754.5321653

17671624.5000.139204545511156.000.8934111801.02335.00012.9147754.4034153

18173624.5000.13535911611156.000.8634111800.99436.00010.14017924.3756954

18675624.5000.131720430111156.000.8434111800.96836.00011.19887924.2580655

19177624.5000.128272251311156.000.8234111800.94236.00012.12937924.146655

19678624.5000.12511156.000.8034111800.91836.00011.98437924.0408256

20180624.5000.121890547311156.000.7835111800.89636.00012.76967923.940356

20682624.5000.118932038811156.000.7635111800.87437.00010.08168093.9271857

21183624.5000.116113744111156.000.7435111800.85337.0009.923678093.8341258

21685624.5000.113425925911156.000.7235111800.83337.00010.71728093.7453758

22187624.5000.110859728511156.000.7136111800.81438.0007.944438263.7375660

22688624.5000.108407079611156.000.6936111800.79638.0007.786168263.6548761

23190624.5000.106060606111156.000.6836111800.77938.0008.51168263.5757661

23692624.5000.103813559311156.000.6636111800.76338.0009.200018263.562

24193624.5000.10165975111156.000.6536111800.74738.0009.024498263.4273962

24695624.5000.099593495911156.000.6336111800.73239.0006.360678433.4268363

25197624.5000.097609561811156.000.6237111800.71739.0006.956668433.3585764

13 MV 15 MV

1263032474.8

68.6666666667101118.54.8

115.90909090916.81818181827.7272714.54554.8

165.68756.56257.562515.06254.8

214.95238095245.71428571436.57143134.8

2645.19230769236.0384612.38464.8

313.77419354844.83870967745.6774211.96774.8

363.61111111114.1666666667511.254.8

413.17073170733.65853658544.487810.70734.8

462.82608695653.58695652174.3695710.23914.8

512.54901960783.23529411764.019619.901964.8

562.55357142862.94642857143.696439.321434.8

612.34426229512.70491803283.426238.836074.8

662.16666666672.72727272733.454558.909094.8

712.0140845072.53521126763.239448.521134.8

761.88157894742.36842105263.052638.184214.8

811.76543209882.22222222222.86427.679014.8

861.66279069772.09302325582.720937.430234.8

911.57142857141.9780219782.593417.208794.8

961.48958333331.8752.458336.833334.8

1011.41584158421.78217821782.356446.663374.8

1061.47169811321.69811320752.264156.509434.8

1111.28828828831.62162162162.162166.216224.8

1161.23275862071.55172413792.068975.948284.8

1211.28925619831.487603305825.842984.8

1261.23809523811.42857142861.936515.746034.8

1311.19083969471.37404580151.877865.656494.8

1361.14705882351.32352941181.808825.448534.8

1411.10638297871.27659574471.758875.375894.8

1461.06849315071.23287671231.698635.191784.8

1511.03311258281.19205298011.642385.019874.8

15611.15384615381.589744.858974.8

1610.96894409941.11801242241.55284.813664.8

1660.93975903611.08433734941.506024.668674.8

1710.91228070181.05263157891.461994.532164.8

1760.88636363641.02272727271.420454.403414.8

1810.8618784530.99447513811.392274.375694.8

1860.83870967740.96774193551.354844.258064.8

1910.81675392670.9424083771.319374.14664.8

1960.79591836730.91836734691.285714.040824.8

2010.7761194030.89552238811.253733.94034.8

2060.75728155340.87378640781.233013.927184.8

2110.73933649290.85308056871.203793.834124.8

2160.72222222220.83333333331.175933.745374.8

2210.70588235290.8144796381.158373.737564.8

2260.69026548670.7964601771.132743.654874.8

2310.67532467530.77922077921.108233.575764.8

2360.66101694920.76271186441.084753.54.8

2410.64730290460.74688796681.062243.427394.8

2460.63414634150.73170731711.048783.426834.8

2510.62151394420.71713147411.027893.358574.8

black and white version

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13 MV

15 MV

(MeV/u)

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13 MV

15 MV

(MeV/u)

7263032

1.758.66666666671011

1.27272727275.90909090916.81818181827.72727

1.093755.68756.56257.5625

14.95238095245.71428571436.57143

0.807692307745.19230769236.03846

0.67741935483.77419354844.83870967745.67742

0.58333333333.61111111114.16666666675

0.5121951223.17073170733.65853658544.4878

0.45652173912.82608695653.58695652174.36957

0.41176470592.54901960783.23529411764.01961

0.3752.55357142862.94642857143.69643

0.34426229512.34426229512.70491803283.42623

0.37121212122.16666666672.72727272733.45455

0.34507042252.0140845072.53521126763.23944

0.32236842111.88157894742.36842105263.05263

0.30246913581.76543209882.22222222222.8642

0.28488372091.66279069772.09302325582.72093

0.26923076921.57142857141.9780219782.59341

0.25520833331.48958333331.8752.45833

0.24257425741.41584158421.78217821782.35644

0.23113207551.47169811321.69811320752.26415

0.22072072071.28828828831.62162162162.16216

0.21120689661.23275862071.55172413792.06897

0.20247933881.28925619831.48760330582

0.19444444441.23809523811.42857142861.93651

0.18702290081.19083969471.37404580151.87786

0.18014705881.14705882351.32352941181.80882

0.17375886521.10638297871.27659574471.75887

0.16780821921.06849315071.23287671231.69863

0.16225165561.03311258281.19205298011.64238

0.157051282111.15384615381.58974

0.1521739130.96894409941.11801242241.5528

0.14759036140.93975903611.08433734941.50602

0.14327485380.91228070181.05263157891.46199

0.13920454550.88636363641.02272727271.42045

0.1353591160.8618784530.99447513811.39227

0.13172043010.83870967740.96774193551.35484

0.12827225130.81675392670.9424083771.31937

0.1250.79591836730.91836734691.28571

0.12189054730.7761194030.89552238811.25373

0.11893203880.75728155340.87378640781.23301

0.11611374410.73933649290.85308056871.20379

0.11342592590.72222222220.83333333331.17593

0.11085972850.70588235290.8144796381.15837

0.10840707960.69026548670.7964601771.13274

0.10606060610.67532467530.77922077921.10823

0.10381355930.66101694920.76271186441.08475

0.1016597510.64730290460.74688796681.06224

0.09959349590.63414634150.73170731711.04878

0.09760956180.62151394420.71713147411.02789

3.5 MV

13 MV

15 MV

MeV/u

7263032

10.5526066

14657585

17.591105121

21104120138

21104135157

21117150176

21130150180

21130150184

21130165201

21130165205

21143165207

21143165209

24.5143180228

24.5143180230

24.5143180232

24.5143180232

24.5143180234

24.5143180236

24.5143180236

24.5143180238

24.5156180240

24.5143180240

24.5143180240

24.5156180242

24.5156180244

24.5156180246

24.5156180246

24.5156180248

24.5156180248

24.5156180248

24.5156180248

24.5156180250

24.5156180250

24.5156180250

24.5156180250

24.5156180252

24.5156180252

24.5156180252

24.5156180252

24.5156180252

24.5156180254

24.5156180254

24.5156180254

24.5156180256

24.5156180256

24.5156180256

24.5156180256

24.5156180256

24.5156180258

24.5156180258

3.5 MV

13 MV

15 MV

15 MV

MeV

BRNBE.XLS

11111

23333

34455

46688

577910

5781112

5891315

5991517

5991719

59101821

59102023

510102125

510102227

610112430

610112532

610112634

610112636

610112738

610112840

610112842

610112944

611113046

610113047

610113049

611113151

611113253

611113355

611113357

611113459

611113461

611113462

611113464

611113566

611113568

611113570

611113571

611113673

611113675

611113677

611113678

611113680

611113782

611113783

611113785

611113887

611113888

611113890

611113892

611113893

611113995

611113997

3.5 MV

13 MV

15 MV

15 MV

BRNBELP.XLC

BEVELACISLBRNBF

10301010629174

1003022010924.4444444444220

100500JHP1422.2857142857312

10500106.51722.0588235294375

10301206.52817.8928571429501

K1200, LISE, RIPSISAC3515.7714285714552

101071.54713.4468085106632

10010601.55511.8649

100100LLN1006.5

10100130.651205.8

1010OREB1505

SIS1013

105805

23851603

2385002202.25HI-13

10500EB8812672

1051013194.421052631684

COULOMB BARRIER401.5283.8571428571108

54.8800.36353.4285714286120

2104.81500.1582.4827586207144

CSR1081.4444444444156

1051331.1729323308156

15052000.78156

150300

10300

105

&F

Page &P

BRNBELP.XLC

0000000000000

000000000000

00000000

00000000

000000

00

00

00

00

0

0

&F

Page &P

BEVALAC

SIS

K1200, LISE, RIPS

CSR

EB88

LLN

ISAC

HI-13

OREB

BRNBF

ISL

COULOMB

BARRIER

JHP

A (amu)

E/A (MeV/amu)

BRNBE.XLC

000

000

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

0

HI-13

BRNBF

COULOMB

BARRIER

A (amu)

E/A (MeV/amu)

Beam Energy vs. Mass

BRNBELL.XLC

4.8106.51.50.651313296

4.8106.51.551.524.44444444444.4210526316

30.3622.28571428573.8571428571

2.250.122.05882352943.4285714286

17.89285714292.4827586207

15.77142857141.4444444444

13.44680851061.1729323308

11.80.78

6.5

5.8

5

&F

Page &P

EB88

LLN

ISAC

HI-13

OREB

BRNBF

ISL

COULOMB BARRIER

JHP

A (amu)

E/A (MeV/amu)

30104.8106.51.50.6513130HI-1355

30104.8106.51.551.514.5655

50010030.36134.4210526316300500

5001002.250.111.53.8571428571300500

301010.73.428571428655

8.62.4827586207

8.11.4444444444

6.91.1729323308

5.80.78

5.5

4.9

&F

Page &P

BEVALAC

SIS

K1200, LISE, RIPS

CSR

EB88

LLN

ISAC

HI-13

OREB

BRNBF

ISL

COULOMB BARRIER

JHP

A (amu)

E/A (MeV/amu)

4.8106.51.50.6513130HI-13

4.8106.51.551.514.56

30.36134.4210526316

2.250.111.53.8571428571

10.73.4285714286

8.62.4827586207

8.11.4444444444

6.91.1729323308

5.80.78

5.5

4.9

EB88

LLN

ISAC

HI-13

OREB

BRNBF

ISL

COULOMB BARRIER

JHP

A (amu)

E/A (MeV/amu)

RFQ/DTLLow energy normal temp RFQ+ finger type DTL, multi charge heavy ion beam up to the energy accepted by SC LINAC36MHz

SC LINACEnergy gain 17 MeV/q36 wave length QWR9 100 L LHe tankQWRLHe tank

Large acceptancespectrometerLarge D Q + detectorsMass range 100-200energy 5-10 MeV/uSolid angle 80 mSrP acceptance 10Mass resolution 300 via TOF and tracking

RMS

Mass resolution 400solid angle 16 mSr, horizontal and vertical angular width 3.6 degreeacceptation angle 0-10 degreeMain parameters

Name

Magnets

Deflector

Radius, meter

1

5

Bending angle, degree

40

20

Gap, cm

12

12.5

Maximum Field

1.0 Tm

25 MV

Gamma array10X BGO+seg. HPGe Eff. 10 % @ 1 MeVresolution 6 keV

Research opportunitiesSystematic study of shell evolutionNuclear astrophysicsMechanism of SHE Properties of medium mass neutron rich nucleiNew decay modesGamma array

Recoil mass separator

Large acceptance spectrometer

Decay setup

ConclusionBRIF and BRIFII will open up exciting research opportunitiesWith BRIFII: new experimental terminalshigher beam energy of 35 MeV/q100 % more beam time by separate operationLimit: overall instrumentation usageAvailable by the year of 2013Chances are still open, and we welcome contributions, suggestions and new proposalsWe would like to collaborate with major domestic and foreign research groups and world labs to take their full research potential and to do cooperative jobsCall for user communities to build machine and detector and physics task force with more flexible wayA nice play ground in Beijing to connect locations