saqarTvelos saxeliT

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo

meore kolegia

g a d a w y v e t i l e b a

#2/1/415 q. baTumi, 2009 wlis 6 aprili

kolegiis Semadgenloba:besik lolaZe – sxdomis Tavmjdomare, momxsenebeli

mosamarTle; oTar siWinava – wevri;lali fafiaSvili – wevri.

sxdomis mdivani: darejan Caligava

saqmis dasaxeleba: saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlamentis

winaaRmdeg

davis sagani: saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis

pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtis konstituciuroba saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirvel punqtTan da me-3 punqtis pirvel winadadebasTan mimarTebiT

saqmis ganxilvis monawileni: mosarCelis, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis warmomadgenlebi

giorgi mSvenieraZe, Tamar WarbaZe da vaxtang menabde; mopasuxis, saqarTvelos parlamentis warmomadgenlebi baTar Canqseliani da ioseb TaTaraSvili.

I1. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 7 Tebervals

konstituciuri sarCeliT (registraciis #415) momarTa saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelma. mopasuxea saqarTvelos parlamenti. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem 2007 wlis 14 Tebervals #415 konstituciuri sarCeli arsebiTad gansaxilvelad miRebis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyvetisaTvis gadmosca sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegias. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiam #415 konstituciuri sarCeli miiRo arsebiTad gansaxilvelad 2007 wlis 29 maisis #2/1-415 saoqmo CanaweriT.

2. sadavo norma aris saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti. kodeqsis 142-e muxlis saTauria `dakavebis safuZvlebi~. swored es safuZvlebia CamoTvlili am muxlis pirvel nawilSi. CamonaTvals win uZRvis teqsti: `1. danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba SeiZleba, Tu arsebobs Semdegi safuZvlebi:~. sadavo qvepunqtis Sinaarsi Semdegia: `v) piri SesaZloa miimalos.~.

3. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiam #415 konstituciuri sarCeli zepiri mosmeniT arsebiTad ganixila 2008 wlis 3 da 4 dekembris Ria sasamarTlo sxdomebze.

4. mosarCele mxare miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxli ganamtkicebs adamianis Tavisuflebas, saproceso uflebebs. am muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa dauSvebelia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gareSe. me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, adamianis dakaveba SesaZlebelia kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi, sagangebod uflebamosili piris mier. dakavebuli piri aucileblad unda waredginos sasamarTlos. amdenad, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis am ori punqtis moTxovnebi msgavsia.

5. piris dakavebis SemTxvevaSi, mosarCele mxaris azriT, unda arsebobdes eWvis gansazRvruli xarisxi. es dakavebuli piris wardgenis Semdeg sasamarTlos miscems imis SesaZleblobas, rom gadawyvitos Sesabamisi aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis sakiTxi. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirdapir ar aris aRniSnuli saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlSi, gonivruli eWvis standarti ar miscems dakavebaze uflebamosil pirs TviTnebobis SesaZleblobas.

6. saxezea ori sikeTe, romelic erTmaneTs unda Seupirispirdes – piris Tavisufleba da saxelmwifos legitimuri interesi, gaxsnas danaSauli. mosarCele mxare miuTiTebs, rom am sikeTeTa

2

Sepirispirebisas didi sifrTxilea saWiro. dauSvebelia Tundac erTi udanaSaulo adamianis dakaveba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ar arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom man Caidina danaSauli. am dros danaSaulis gaxsnis legitimur interess gadaswonis saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxliT daculi sikeTe.

7. mosarCele mxare gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebs adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropul konvenciaze. kerZod, is Tvlis, rom am konvenciis me-5 muxli `konstituciuri xasiaTisaa~. am muxlidan gamomdinare, `yvelas aqvs Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba. aravis SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavisufleba, garda Semdegi SemTxvevebisa da kanoniT gansazRvruli proceduris Sesabamisad, esenia: ...c) piris kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba uflebamosili sasamarTlo organos winaSe mis warsadgenad, rodesac arsebobs samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis safuZvliani eWvi, an safuZvlianad aris miCneuli piris mier samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis Tu misi Cadenis Semdeg mimalvis aRkveTis aucilebloba~.

8. mosarCele mxarem, aseve, miuTiTa saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2003 wlis 29 ianvris #2/3/182,185,191 gadawyvetilebaze. am gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos konstitucia ar aRiarebs piris dakavebis SesaZleblobas `sxva monacemebis~ safuZvelze. `sxva monacemebi~ SesaZlebelia daedos safuZvlad eWvs da ara piris Tavisuflebis SezRudvas. mosarCele mxares miaCnia, rom sadavo normis SemTxvevaSi, piris dakaveba emyareba swored `sxva monacemebs~ da ara saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul safuZvlebs. mxolod is garemoeba, rom piri SeiZleba miimalos, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil dakavebis sxva safuZvelTagan gansxvavebiT, ver warmoSobs eWvs, rom man danaSauli Caidina.

9. marTalia, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi pirdapir ar moixsenebs termins `safuZvliani eWvi~, magram am kodeqsis 141-e muxlis pirveli nawili dakavebas ukavSirebs sakmao safuZvlis arsebobas pirze eWvis misatanad. mosarCele mxaris mosazrebiT, 141-e muxlis am normaSi swored `safuZvliani eWvi~ igulisxmeba. sadavo norma, aris ra dakavebis safuZveli, Tavad unda warmoSobdes safuZvlian eWvs, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli. mxolod

3

is garemoeba, rom piri SeiZleba miimalos am eWvs araTu neitraluri damkvirveblis, aramed dainteresebuli piris SemTxvevaSic ar badebs.

10. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi icnobs dakavebis sxvadasxva safuZvlebs da dakavebis mizans. dakavebis mizani mocemulia kodeqsis 141-e muxlSi. aq miTiTebulia, rom piris dakavebis mizani SeiZleba iyos danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg misi mimalvis aRkveTa. sadavo normis Tanaxmad, piris mimalvis SesaZlebloba warmoadgens dakavebis safuZvels. mosarCele mxaris poziciiT, Tu erTmaneTs SevadarebT sadavo normasa da 141-e muxls, miviRebT suraTs, rom dakavebis mizani da safuZveli erTmaneTs emTxveva. mosarCele mxaris azriT, es garemoebac metyvelebs gasaCivrebuli normis arakonstituciurobaze.

11. mosarCele mxare aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2003 wlis 29 ianvris #2/3/182,185,191 gadawyvetilebam cvlilebebi gamoiwvia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. miuxedavad amisa, kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi mainc darCa Canaweri `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba SeiZleba...~. Tumca, kodeqsis sxva normebis Sesabamisad, piri eWvmitanilad iTvleba misi dakavebis momentidan da am SeTxvevaSi raime aqti piris eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb aRar gamoitaneba. iqmneba situacia, rodesac saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT, piri SesaZloa dakavebul iqnas imis gamo, rom is SeiZleba miimalos, magram, am momentisaTvis, mas eWvmitanilis statusi ar aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare, miuxedavad 142-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi arsebuli Canawerisa, sadavo normis safuZvelze piris dakavebisas ar arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi mis mier danaSaulis CadenasTan dakavSirebiT da dakavebaze uflebamosili piri arc aris valdebuli, hqondes amgvari eWvi.

12. mosarCele mxaris gancxadebiT, terminebi `eWvmitanili~ da `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piri~ analogiuri Sinaarsisaa. miuxedavad amisa, daskvniT sityvaSi mosarCele mxarem xazi gausva imas, rom amgvari mosazreba ar gamomdinareobs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis debulebebidan. SeuZlebelia ukve eWvmitanili piri dakavebul iqnas kodeqsis 142-e muxlis safuZvelze. am normaSi terminis `eWvmitanili piri~ gamoyeneba imiT aixsneba, rom kanonmdebelma gamijna eWvmitanili pirisa da braldebulis dakaveba.

13. sadavo qvepunqtSi arsebuli Canaweri `piri SesaZloa miimalos~ mosarCele mxaris azriT, gulisxmobs momaval safrTxes,

4

rom piri Tavs aaridebs sagamoZiebo organoebSi gamocxadebas da SeuZlebeli gaxdeba mis mimarT efeqturi gamoZiebis warmoeba.

14. mosarCele mxare Tvlis, rom mxolod danaSaulis CadenaSi safuZvliani eWvis arseboba ar aris piris dakavebis safuZveli. aucilebelia, arsebobdes dakavebis piroba da mizani. sadavo normis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 141-e muxlis moTxovnebi. kodeqsis 1461 muxlidan gamomdinare, Tu arsebiTad darRveulia 145-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis wesi an dakaveba ar emsaxureba 141-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul miznebs, dakaveba ukanonoa.

15. mosarCele mxaris informaciiT, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparati awarmoebs monitorings Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorebSi, romlis drosac xdeba Sexvedra dakavebul pirebTan da dakavebis kanonierebis gadamowmeba. sadavo normis amoqmedebis Semdeg dakavebis SemTxvevebis naxevarze meti xorcieldeba am safuZvliT. Tumca, mosarCelis warmomadgenlebs amis damadasturebeli dokumentacia sasamarTlosaTvis ar warmoudgeniaT, radganac, maTi azriT, is ver asaxavda srulyofil informacias qveynis masStabiT arsebuli viTarebis Taobaze.

16. mosarCele mxare acxadebs, rom praqtikaSi, miuxedavad safuZvliani eWvis arseboba-ararsebobisa, pirs mainc ganumartaven, Tu ra danaSaulis CadenaSia eWvmitanili. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi formalur moTxovnas awesebs da am ganmartebasac formaluri xasiaTi aqvs. amdenad, kodeqsis moTxovnebi dakmayofilebulia, magram dakavebis momentSi safuZvliani eWvi ar arsebobs.

17. im garemoebas, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlodan miRebuli informaciis (21.10.08. #55-k werili) Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze piris dakavebis dasabuTebulobis Taobaze gancxadeba saerTo sasamarTloebSi ar Sesula, mosarCele mxare xsnis proceduris araefeqturobiT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 150-e muxli, ukanono da dausabuTebeli dakavebis SemTxvevaSi, iZleva zianis srulad anazRaurebis uflebas, miuxedavad imisa, iqneba Tu ara dakavebuli msjavrdebuli. Tumca, garda imisa, rom gasaCivrebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis vadebi sakmaod xangrZlivia, es arafers sZens dakavebul pirs da kompensaciac

5

umniSvnelo xasiaTisaa. amdenad, pirs arc uRirs gaasaCivros misi dakavebis kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba.

18. mopasuxe mxare ar daeTanxma mosarCele mxaris mier warmodgenil argumentacias sadavo normis arakonstituciurad cnobis Taobaze. misi azriT, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirveli punqtisa da me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadebis ukeT warmosaCenad, umjobesia, maT ganxilva adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis konteqstSi. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia da misgan gamomdinare precedentuli samarTali.

19. marTalia, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirveli punqti da me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadeba pirdapir ar adgens piris dakavebisaTvis aucilebel garemoebebs, magram adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis gaTvaliswinebiT, isini ikveTeba konstituciis am debulebebis Sinaarsidan. mopasuxe mxaris mosazrebiT, piris dakavebisas kumulaciurad unda arsebobdes Semdegi garemoebebi: gonivruli eWvi, rom pirma Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli; piris mimalvis prezumfcia (safrTxe); piris dakaveba uflebamosili sasamarTlo organosaTvis wardgenis motiviT; dakavebis ganxorcieleba kanoniT gansazRvruli pirobebis dacviT; piris dakaveba amisaTvis sagangebod uflebamosili piris mier. mopasuxe mxare Tvlis, rom zemoaRniSnuli pirobebis dakmayofilebisas piris dakaveba Seesabameba saqarTvelos konstituciis moTxovnebs.

20. mopasuxe mxarem gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia piris dakavebisas mis mimarT gonivruli eWvis arsebobis sakiTxs. man miuTiTa adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mier ganxilul saqmeebze miurei gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg da foqsi, kempbeli da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg. miureis saqmeze adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom eWvis gonivrulobis aucilebel komponentebs Seadgens patiosneba da keTilsindisiereba. saqmeSi foqsi, kembeli da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg sasamarTlom warmoadgina eWvis gonivrulad miCnevis obieqturi maxasiaTeblebi. sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, gonivruli eWvi gulisxmobs im faqtebisa da informaciis arsebobas, romlebic obieqturad sakmarisi iqneboda imis misaCnevad, rom pirs savaraudod Cadenili aqvs samarTaldarRveva.

21. mopasuxe mxare ganasxvavebs piris mimarT danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvis mitanisa da piris dakavebis safuZvlebs. misi azriT, ar

6

aris savaldebulo, Tumca SesaZlebelia, rom gonivruli eWvis safuZveli saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis romelime qvepunqtiT, maT Soris sadavo normiT, gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi warmoiSvas. gonivruli eWvis safuZvlebis CamonaTvali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi mocemuli ar aris. isini, SesaZloa, sxvadasxvagvari iyos. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan gamomdinare, danaSaulis CadenaSi pirze eWvis mitanis safuZveli unda iyos gonivruli, obieqturi, eWvis mimtans ganawyobdes im SegnebiT, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli.

22. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2003 wlis 29 ianvris #2/3/182,185,191 gadawyvetilebasTan dakavSirebiT, mopasuxe mxarem aRniSna, rom am gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad, `sxva monacemebi~ SesaZloa iyos gonivruli eWvis warmoSobis da ara dakavebis safuZveli. sadavo normis SemTxvevaSi, sxva monacemebi warmoadgenen swored gonivruli eWvisa da ara piris dakavebis safuZvels.

23. mopasuxe mxaris poziciiT, saqmesTan dakavSirebiT ufro mniSvnelovania imaze msjeloba, Tu ramdenad amarTlebs eWvmitanili piris mimalvis safrTxe mis dakavebas da ara is, Tu ra kriteriumebiT dgindeba Tavad mimalvis safrTxe. Tanac, piris mimalvis safrTxis dasadgeni zogadi kriteriumebi ar arsebobs da isini yoveli konkretuli faqtis Sefasebisas, analizis safuZvelze unda gamoirkves. amis Taobaze miuTiTa adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeebze letelie safrangeTis winaaRmdeg da iagCi da sargini TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.

24. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikis mixedviT, eWvmitanili piris mimalvis safrTxis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, am piris dakavebis saboloo mizani, rogorc wesi, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis xelSeSlis aRkveTa da uflebamosili sasamarTlo organosaTvis piris wardgenaa. mopasuxe mxare apelirebs saqmeze vemhofi germaniis winaaRmdeg, sadac sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom `... rodesac patimrobaSi myofi piris patimrobis gagrZelebis erTaderTi mizezi aris SiSi imisa, rom braldebuli miimaleba da, Sesabamisad, Semdgom Tavs aaridebs sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebas, magram misgan SesaZlebelia im garantiis miReba, rom uzrunvelyofili iqneba [misi sasamarTlo procesze] gamocxadeba, mosalodnel procesamde unda gaices misi gaTavisuflebis brZaneba.~ igivea

7

gacxadebuli saqmeze letelie safrangeTis winaaRmdeg da Stogmiuleri avstriis winaaRmdeg.

25. mopasuxe mxare imazec miuTiTebs, rom mimalvis safrTxis arsebobisas piris dakavebis mizani – misi uflebamosili sasamarTlos winaSe wardgena sabolood miiRweva Tu ara, amas mniSvneloba ar aqvs. mTavaria, rom damkavebeli dakavebis momentSi moqmedebdes am miznis miRwevis motivaciiT. amis Taobaze naTqvamia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi saqmeebze brogani da sxvebi didi britaneTis winaaRmdeg da miurei gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg.

26. mopasuxe mxares miaCnia, rom terminebi `eWvmitanili~ da `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piri~ analogiuria. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad, piri eWvmitanilad iTvleba sam SemTxvevaSi: 1. 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis safuZvelze dakavebisTanave; 2. prokuroris an prokuroris TanxmobiT gamomZieblis mier piris eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanisTanave; 3. gamomZieblis mier mimalvaSi myofi piris eWvmitanilad cnobisa da dakavebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanisTanave. miuxedavad imisa, rom SeiZleba gaCndes kiTxva, Tu ra momentidan iTvleba piri eWvmitanilad, mopasuxe mxaris azriT, bundovani araferia.

27. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi debulebebis analizis safuZvelze, mopasuxe mxare askvnis Semdegs: 1. piris faqtobrivad miCneva eWvmitanilad, anu obieqtur (gonivrul) safuZvlebze dayrdnobiT eWvis mimtanis ganwyobis gaCena, rom pirma savaraudod Caidina danaSauli, xdeba im momentSi, rodesac amgvari safuZvlebis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxdeba eWvis mimtanisaTvis; 2. piris eWvmitanilad oficialuri deklarireba xdeba, erTi mxriv, Sesabamisi dadgenilebis gamotaniT an, meore mxriv, uflebamosili piris mier konkretuli qmedebis – dakavebis ganxorcielebiT.

28. mopasuxe mxare, mosarCele mxaris msgavsad, aRiarebs, rom sadavo normis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva debulebebis moTxovnebi. dakaveba unda Seesabamebodes kodeqsis 141-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobasa da mizans, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas ukanono xasiaTi eqneba. kodeqsi gamoricxavs formalur midgomas - dakavebul pirs unda auxsnan gasagebad, Tu ra danaSaulis CadenaSia eWvmitanili, moaxsenon im mtkicebulebebze, rac gaxda misi

8

dakavebis safuZveli, esaubron gonivruli eWvis gaCenis faqtorebze da dakavebis safuZvlebzec.

29. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze piris dakavebis dasabuTebulobis Taobaze saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi armimarTvis faqts mopasuxe mxare miiCnevs imis dadasturebad, rom sadavo normis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas ar gamouwvevia Sesabamisi organoebis mxridan uflebaSi gaumarTlebeli Careva da is ar iZleva TviTneburi moqmedebis saSualebas.

30. sadavo norma uSvebs piris dakavebas, Tu (dakavebis mizanTan, dakavebis safuZvlebis kanoniT deklarirebis moTxovnasa da damkavebelTa kategoriis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebadobasTan erTad) am piris mimarT arsebobs mis mier danaSaulis Cadenis gonivruli eWvi da amavdroulad, saxezea misi mimalvis safrTxe. sulac ar aris savaldebulo, rom gonivruli eWvi mimalvis safrTxisagan gamomdinareobdes. mopasuxe mxare Tvlis, rom am TvalsazrisiT sadavo norma srulad Seesabameba saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirvel punqtsa da me-3 punqtis pirvel winadadebas.

31. piris dakavebis safuZvlebi mocemulia kanonSi – saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi. mopasuxe mxaris azriT, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadebis formaluri moTxovna dakmayofilebulia. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos konstituciis moTxovnas, rom dakaveba unda ganxorcieldes amisaTvis sagangebod uflebamosili piris mier, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 143-e muxli am moTxovnasac akmayofilebs da masSi mocemulia im pirTa CamonaTvali, romlebsac aqvT piris dakavebis ufleba.

32. mopasuxe mxarem, magaliTisaTvis, miuTiTa sazRvargareTis ramodenime saxelmwifos – germaniis, SvedeTisa da ruseTis kanonmdeblobaze, romelic, aseve, iTvaliswinebs piris dakavebis SesaZleblobas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom igi moaxerxebs mimalvas da Tavs aaridebs gamoZiebas.

II1. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirveli punqtis

Sesabamisad, `adamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia~, xolo amave muxlis me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadebidan gamomdinare, `adamianis

9

dakaveba dasaSvebia kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi sagangebod uflebamosili piris mier~. es konstituciuri normebi, iseve rogorc mTlianad me-18 muxli eZRvneba adamianis Tavisuflebis dacvas. adamianis Tavisufleba garantirebulia ara mxolod materialuri normiT, aramed konstituciur rangSi ayvanili procesualuri normebis erTobliobiT, rac xazs usvams mis gansakuTrebul adgils ZiriTad uflebaTa sistemaSi.

2. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli `adamianis Tavisufleba~ ar moicavs Tavisuflebis yvela aspeqts, rogorc es am terminis sityvasityviT wakiTxvis Semdeg SeiZleba warmoCindes. magaliTisaTvis, saqarTvelos konstituciis sxvadasxva muxlebiT daculia sityvis Tavisufleba, rwmenis Tavisufleba, informaciis Tavisufleba, Semoqmedebis Tavisufleba da a.S. rac Seexeba `adamianis Tavisuflebas~, igi gulisxmobs adamianis fizikur Tavisuflebas, mis uflebas Tavisuflad gadaadgildes fizikurad, Tavisi nebis Sesabamisad, imyofebodes an ar imyofebodes romelime adgilze. adamianis Tavisufleba aris misi gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba viwro gagebiT. Tumca aSkarad gansxvavebulia im Carevebis intensiuroba da simZime romlisganac am uflebebs icavs konstitucia. adamianis TavisuflebaSi Careva ufro wonadia da konstituciac misgan dasacavad gansakuTrebul regulirebebs adgens.

3. SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos konstituciiT garantirebul Tavisuflebebs Soris adamianis Tavisuflebas yvelaze xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. misi warmoSoba im safrTxes ukavSirdeba, romelic adamians emuqreba SeuzRudavi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mxridan. am safrTxisagan dacvis saWiroebam ganapiroba, rom adamianis Tavisuflebis dacva aisaxa Tavisuflebis didi qartiaSi, uflebaTa peticiaSi da upirveles yovlisa, habeas korpus aqtSi. am uflebebs iTvaliswinebs adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa nebismieri klasikuri katalogi, rogorc erovnuli konstituciebis, aseve, saerTaSoriso samarTlis doneze. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia da adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia. e.w. `habeas korpus uflebebi~ daculi iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis 1921 wlis 21 Tebervlis konstituciiTac.

4. miuxedavad adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis udidesi mniSvnelobisa, saqarTvelos konstituciis 89-e muxlis pirveli punqtis `v~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli kompetenciis farglebSi, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos amocanaa sadavo normis

10

konstituciurobis dadgena da ara misi Sesabamisobis gansazRvra aRniSnuli konvenciis romelime debulebasTan. gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze `saqarTvelos moqalaqe maia naTaZe da sxvebi saqarTvelos parlamentisa da saqarTvelos prezidentis winaaRmdeg~ saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos konstituciis 89-e muxlis pirveli punqtis `v~ qvepunqti `specialuri normaa da ar iTvaliswinebs normatiuli aqtebis saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan Sesabamisobis dadgenas. erTaderTi aqti, romliTac am SemTxvevaSi xelmZRvanelobs sakonstitucio sasamarTlo normis konstituciurobis Semowmebisas, aris saqarTvelos konstitucia da sakonstitucio sasamarTlos amocanaa moaxdinos konstituciis da ara saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa da SeTanxmebebis ganmarteba.~ (gadawyvetileba #2/2-389, II-5).

5. amave dros, kolegias miaCnia, rom amaTuim sakiTxis gadawyveta unda moxdes saerTaSoriso samarTlis, gansakuTrebiT adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis moTxovnaTa maqsimaluri respeqtirebiT, mdidari saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rasac araerTxel hqonda adgili saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos praqtikaSi. Tumca, es imas ar gulisxmos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom romelime saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba an xelSekruleba aiyvanos konstituciur rangSi da Tavis msjelobebSi konstituciuri normebi Caanacvlos saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiT.

6. adamianis Tavisufleba ar aris absoluturi da masSi Careva SesaZlebelia mkacri konstituciursamarTlebrivi moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic icavs nebismier adamians SesaZlo saxelisufleblo TviTnebobisagan. konstituciursamarTlebrivi Semowmebis simkacris xarisxs zrdis is garemoebac, rom fizikuri Tavisuflebis SezRudva da gansakuTrebiT ki misi yvelaze intensiuri forma – Tavisuflebis aRkveTa aferxebs da zogjer sruliadac gamoricxavs adamianis mier sxva uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis realizacias.

7. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis me-3 punqti konstituciursamarTlebriv CarCoebSi aqcevs Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sxva formebisagan SedarebiT naklebad mZime formas – dakavebas, romelic saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 141-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, aris Tavisuflebis xanmokle aRkveTa. dakavebis instituti ara mxolod sisixlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli, magram warmodgenili konstituciuri sarCeli swored

11

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqss Seexeba da amdenad, kolegiac mxolod am mimarTebiT imsjelebs. 8. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepuntiT gaTvaliswinebulia piris dakavebis erTerTi safuZveli. aqedan gamomdinare, sadavo norma warmoadgens Carevas adamianis TavisuflebaSi. Tu ramdenad konstituciuria es Careva, gairkveva gasaCivrebuli normis konstiticiursamarTlebrivi analizis Sedegad.

9. adamianis piradi Tavisuflebis dasacavad da saxelmwifo xelisuflebis SezRudvisaTvis saqarTvelos konstitucia iTvaliswinebs rogorc formalur, aseve, materialur barierebs. me-18 muxlis me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadeba formaluri TvalsazrisiT moiTxovs, rom adamianis dakaveba dasaSvebia kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi. es aris e.w. `sakanonmdeblo daTqma~, rac gulisxmobs, rom aRniSnuli sakiTxis mowesrigeba SesaZlebelia mxolod sakanonmdeblo aqtiT. nebismieri sxva normatiuli aqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs adamianis dakavebis SemTxvevebs, iqneba arakonstituciuri formaluri TvalsazrisiT. am dros wesebis dadgena aris sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis prerogativa, xolo xelisuflebis sxva Stoebi moqmedeben sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis mier dadgenili arealisa da wesebis dacviT. kanonmdebels aqvs Sefasebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebamosileba miznis miRwevis mraval potenciur gzas Soris arCevanis gasakeTeblad, Tumca is SeboWilia konstituciuri normebiTa da principebiT.

10. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis me-3 punqtis formalur moTxovnas Seesabameba. `normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 muxlis me-6 punqtis Tanaxmad, `kodeqsi aris gansazRvrul (erTgvarovan) sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa momwesrigebel samarTlebriv normaTa sistematizebuli kanoni~. amave kanonis me-5 muxlis Sesabamisad, `kanoni~ gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo aqtebis CamonaTvalSi. amgvarad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi warmoadgens sakanonmdeblo aqts, romelic miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier. aqedan gamomdinare, 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti SeiZleba CaiTvalos `kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevad~ formaluri TvalsazrisiT. 11. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadebis meore formaluri moTxovnaa, rom adamianis dakaveba

12

dasaSvebia sagangebod uflebamosili piris mier. sakanonmdeblo daTqma winadadebis am nawilzec vrceldeba. dakavebisaTvis uflebamosili pirebis konkretuli da amomwuravi CamonaTvali aucileblad unda iqnes gansazRvruli sakanonmdeblo aqtiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom mosarCele mxare yuradRebas ar amaxvilebs sadavo normis saqarTvelos konstituciis am normasTan Seusabamobaze da sadavo normac sxva sakiTxebs awesrigebs. amdenad, kolegia konstituciis aRniSnul moTxovnasTan da me-18 muxlis me-3 punqtis sxva formalur moTxovnebTan dakavSirebiT msjelobas ar ganaxorcielebs.

12. kanonmdeblis ufleba, kanonis saSualebiT daadginos dakavebis SemTxvevebi, Tavis mxriv SezRudulia adamianis Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi uflebiT. sadavo norma, garda formaluri moTxovnebisa, unda akmayofilebdes materialur konstituciursamarTlebriv moTxovnebsac. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom araerTxel miuTiTa, rom sadavo normatiuli aqti eqvemdebareba gadamowmebas ara mxolod konstituciur normebTan, aramed konstituciur principebTan mimarTebiT (gadawyvetileba #2/2-389, II-3; gadawyvetileba #2/1-392, II-21; gadawyvetileba #1/3/407, II-1). amdenad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti unda warmoadgendes adamianis dakavebis `kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevas~ materialuri TvalsazrisiTac.

13. sadavo norma unda Seesabamebodes Tanazomierebisa da gansazRvrulobis principebs, romlebic pirdapir kavSirSia samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principTan. swored Tanazomierebis principi adgens materialur masStabebs kanonmdeblisaTvis ZiriTadi uflebebis SezRudvisas. Tu norma am principebs ar Seesabameba, is dauSvebs TviTnebobis SesaZleblobas. saxelmwifos TviTneboba adamianis Tavisuflebis sferoSi ki avtomaturad niSnavs adamianis Rirsebis, rogorc konstituciuri wesrigis umaRlesi principis, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosa da sxva konstituciuri principebis darRvevas da adamianis Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi uflebis arakonstituciur xelyofas.

14. sadavo normis konstituciursamarTlebrivi analizisas SeuZlebelia misi srulyofili ganmarteba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva normebisagan izolirebulad, miT umetes, Tu es normebi organul kavSirSia gasaCivrebul normasTan.

15. adamianis Tavisufleba imdenad wonadi ZiriTadi uflebaa, rom masSi Careva saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mxridan unda ganixilebodes, rogorc ultima ratio. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis nebismieri forma

13

eqvemdebareba umkacres kontrols sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mxridan Carevis proporciulobis kuTxiT. amasTan, rac ufro gangrZobadi da intensiuria Careva, miT ufro izrdeba Sefasebis simkacre misi konstituciurobis ganxilvisas.

16. miuxedavad imisa, rom dakaveba naklebad mZime Carevaa adamianis TavisuflebaSi vidre, Tundac, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli aRkveTis RonisZieba - dapatimreba, aucileblad unda arsebobdes is myari konstituciursamarTlebrivi barieri, romlis gadalaxvac akrZaluli iqneba ZiriTad uflebaSi Carevisas. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom es barieri ufro dabalia vidre ZiriTad uflebaSi sxva ufro mZime Carevebis SemTxvevaSi.

17. rodesac saqme Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul dakavebas, me-18 muxlis pirveli winadadeba unda ganimartos amave muxlis me-6 punqtTan kavSirSi, romelic miuTiTebs `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris~ dakavebaze. adamianis `sisxlissamarTlebrivi dakavebis~ SemTxvevaSi, unda arsebobdes sul cota ori garemoeba. upirveles yovlisa, faqtobrivi garemoebebi da monacemebi obieqturad unda iZleodes im daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas, rom saxezea savaraudo danaSauli. garda amisa, unda arsebobdes safuZvliani da gonivruli eWvi, rom pirma, romelic dakavebulia, Caidina aRniSnuli danaSauli.

18. Tanazomierebis principidan gamomdinare, ZiriTad uflebaSi nebismieri Careva unda emsaxurebodes legitimur mizans. kolegias miaCnia, rom adamianis TavisuflebaSi Carevis umTavresi legitimuri, konstituciuri mizania piris mimarT, romelmac savaraudod Caidina danaSauli, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba. aq saubaria danaSaulis savaraudod Camden pirze, radganac sasamarTlos ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde moqmedebs udanaSaulobis prezumfciis konstituciuri principi.

19. sadavo normaSi pirdapir ar aris miTiTebuli dakavebis mizani, magram saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 141-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, dakavebis gamoyenebis miznebia piris danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis aRkveTa, misi gaqcevis, damalvis an mtkicebulebaTa mospobis Tavidan acileba. kolegiis azriT, am miznebs erTgvarad Sualeduri xasiaTi aqvs, xolo saboloo mizani – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaa.

20. marTalia, dakavebis mizani kanoniT gansazRvrulia, magram aseTi gansazRvra azrs iqneba moklebuli da miiRebs mxolod formalur

14

datvirTvas garkveuli garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi. Tu ar arsebobs savaraudo danaSauli, maSin ar arsebobs dakavebis mTavari mizani – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba, anu piris dakaveba im dros, rodesac saxeze ar aris danaSauli, ar emsaxureba legitimuri miznis miRwevas. amavdoulad, Tu saxezea danaSaulis faqti, magram ar arsebobs piris kavSiri am danaSaulTan, misi dakaveba, aseve, ar aris mimarTuli legitimuri miznis miRwevisaken.

21. gonivruli eWvi aris is, rac akavSirebs konkretul pirs konketul danaSaulTan. eWvi adamianis subieqturi damokidebulebaa, magram piris TavisuflebaSi Careva ver moxdeba imgvari eWvis safuZvelze, romelic emyareba mxolod subieqtur ganwyobas. amgvari midgoma iqneboda mwvane Suqi TviTnebobisaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, kolegia aucileblad miiCnevs, rom unda arsebobdes obieqturi bma danaSaulsa da dakavebul pirs Soris, obieqturi garemoebebi, monacemebi, romelic Seqmnis imis varaudis safuZvels, rom Cadenilia danaSauli da swored im piris mier, romelsac akaveben. sxva sityvebiT, eWvi unda iyos safuZvliani. amavdroulad, eWvi unda emyarebodes obieqturi monacemebis keTilsindisier da gonivrul Sefasebas.

22. Tu piris dakavebas sadavo norma dauSvebs im moTxovnebis darRveviT, razec zemoT gamaxvilda yuradReba, maSin is ar emsaxureba legitimur mizans, ar eqvemdebareba Tanazomierebis tests da xelyofs ZiriTadi uflebis xelSeuxebel arss.

23. kolegiis pozicia am TvalsazrisiT originaluri ar aris. adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlom saqmeze lukanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg miuTiTa, rom saxeze unda iyos erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. es ar niSnavs danaSaulis sinamdvileSi Cadenis dadgenis aucileblobas. am arsebiT winapirobasTan erTad, ori metad mniSvnelovani moTxovnac unda aRiniSnos: 1) danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris Tavisuflebis aRkveTis mizans misi `uflebamosili sasamarTlo organos~ winaSe wardgena unda Seadgendes; 2) dakavebuli piris mier danaSaulis Cadenis eWvi `gonivruli~ unda iyos.

24. imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT, Tu ramdenad akmayofilebs sadavo norma zemoaRniSnul standartebs, saWiroa misi gaanalizeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva normebTan kavSirSi. kolegiis azriT, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti ayalibebs dakavebis SemTxvevas, romelsac aqvs kumulaciuri safuZveli: dakavebuli piri eWvmitanilia danaSaulis CadenaSi da igi SesaZloa miimalos.

15

25. mosarCele mxarem ramodenime versia warmoadgina im mosazrebis gasamyareblad, rom sadavo normiT xdeba ara danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba, aramed is nebismier pirze vrceldeba. mosarCele mxarisagan gansxvavebiT, kolegia Tvlis, rom termini `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piri~ sulac ar aris 142-e muxlSi `darCenili~ da zogadi konteqstidan amovardinili an eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis dakavebis gamijvnisaTvis gakeTebuli Canaweri. upirveles yovlisa, is faqtiurad warmoadgens konstituciuri terminis - `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili~ analogias, romlis mniSvnelobaze da datvirTvaze zemoT ukve gamaxvilda yuradReba. aqedan gamomdinare, naTelia 142-e muxlis am Canaweris daniSnuleba.

26. kolegia xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom sadavo normis konstituciurobis Sefasebisas mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu rodis miiRebs piri formalurad eWvmitanilis statuss. gadamwyvetia is, Tu ramdenad aris saxeze zemoTmoyvanili komponentebi – savaraudo danaSauli da gonivruli eWvi, rac win unda uswrebdes piris dakavebas. calke aRebuli piris dakavebis faqti, ra Tqma unda, gonivrul eWvs ver gaaCens.

27. is, rom piris dakavebas win unda uZRodes mis mier savaraudo danaSaulis Cadena, Tavad sadavo normis Sinaarsidan garkveviT ikiTxeba. aSkarad Cans, rom piri, romelsac akaveben eWvmitanilia `danaSaulis CadenaSi~ da ara sxva rameSi. am kuTxiT moTxovnebs ufro akonkretebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva normebi, romlebic, aseve, unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli piris dakavebisas.

28. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 141-e muxlis pirveli nawili kidev ufro aviwrovebs danaSaulTa wres da dakavebis gamoyenebas uSvebs im danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi, romlisTvisac kanoni iTvaliswinebs sasjels Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT. kodeqsis me-12 muxlis me-2 nawili imperatiulad moiTxovs, rom dakavebuls dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos danaSaulis Taobaze, romlis CadenaSic is aris eWvmitanili. dakavebaze uflebamosili piris movaleobebs, am kuTxiT, akonkretebs kodeqsis 145-e muxlis pirveli nawili, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom eWvmitanils ganemarteba, Tu saxeldobr, ra danaSaulis CadenaSia igi eWvmitanili. termini `ganumartos~ ufro farTo mniSvnelobisaa, vidre Tundac termini `ecnobos~ da ara ubralo Setyobinebas, aramed garkveulwilad axsna-ganmartebis elementebsac gulisxmobs. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

16

kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulze aris miTiTeba `eWvmitanilis~ ganmartebaSic kodeqsis 44-e muxlis 231 nawilSi.

29. yovelive es imaze metyvelebs, rom dakavebas aucileblad unda uZRodes win savaraudo danaSauli, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sadavo norma da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi gamoricxavs dakavebas da Tu dakaveba mainc ganxorcieldeba, iTvaliswinebs piris dauyovnebliv gaTavisuflebas. sxvagvari wakiTxvis SesaZleblobas saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis zemoaRniSnuli normebi ar iZleva. kolegia mcdarad Tvlis mosazrebas, rom am normebs aqvT mxolod formaluri datvirTva. dakavebaze uflebamosili piri ara mxolod darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom piris mier, romelsac akavebs Cadenilia danaSauli, aramed unda SeeZlos gaarkvios, rom iseTi danaSaulia saxeze, romlisTvisac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas da es yovelive ganumartos eWvmitanils.

30. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sadavo norma piris dakavebas iTvaliswinebs mis mier savaraudo danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi da am TvalsazrisiT, is Seesabameba konstituciursamarTlebriv standartebs.

31. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti arakonstituciuri iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is ar iTvaliswinebs dakavebuli piris mier danaSaulis Cadenis eWvis im standartis arsebobas, romelzec miuTiTa kolegiam. am SemTxvevaSic saWiroa sadavo norma ganimartos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva normebTan mWidro kavSirSi.

32. sayuradReboa saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 44-e muxlis 231 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli `eWvmitanilis~ ganmarteba. kolegia miiCnevs, rom eWvi, romelic gadmocemulia am normaSi, yalibdeba piris dakavebamde. piris dakaveba da misTvis eWvmitanilis formaluri statusis miniWeba ar iwvevs eWvis gaCenas. 231 nawilidan naTlad ikveTeba, rom dakavebuli piris mimarT unda arsebobdes `gonivruli eWvis safuZveli, rom man Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli~, magram eWvi ar aris sakmarisi pirisaTvis braldebis wasayeneblad.

33. eWvTan dakavSirebul regulirebas iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva normebic, magram kolegia yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs maTgan yvelaze miniSvnelovan normaze – 141-e muxlis pirvel nawilze, romelic dakavebis zogad pirobad asaxelebs imas, rom `arsebobs sakmao safuZveli eWvi miitanon pirze

17

im danaSaulis CadenaSi, romlisTvisac kanoni iTvaliswinebs sasjels Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT~. am pirobis Sesrulebis gareSe dakaveba dauSvebelia da is TviTnebur da arakanonier xasiaTs miiRebs

34. kodeqsis zemoTmoyvanili moTxovnebidan naTlad irkveva, rom sadavo normiT gaTvaliswinebuli `eWvmitanili piri~ gulisxmobs pirs, romlis mimarTac arsebobs gonivruli eWvis obieqturi safuZvlebi, rom man Caidina danaSauli. dakavebisaTvis uflebamosil pirs unda SeeZlos gaakeTos daskvna, rom swored im danaSaulTan aqvs Sexeba, romlisTvisac sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. amdenad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti am TvalsazrisiTac Seesabameba konstituciis moTxovnebs da is emsaxureba legitimuri miznis miRwevas.

35. kolegia ar iziarebs mosazrebas, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs gonivruli eWvis gaCenis SemTxvevebis konkretul CamonaTvals da sxva SemTxvevebSi gonivruli da safuZvliani eWvis gaCena SeuZlebelia. `eWvi~ ar aris kanonmdeblis mier amomwuravad gansazRvradi kategoria da gaCndeba Tu ara is, es damokidebulia mTel rigi obieqturi da subieqturi garemoebebis erTobliobaze konkretul SemTxvevaSi.

36. kolegiis mosazrebebi gonivrul eWvTan dakavSirebiT Camoyalibda saerTaSoriso praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT. magaliTisaTvis, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze miurei gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg xazi gausva, rom eWvis sandooba da bona fides Seadgenen misi safuZvlianobis erTerT aucilebel elements. Tumca, eWvi safuZvlianad CaiTvleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is aseve dafuZnebulia faqtebze an informaciaze, rac obieqturad akavSirebs eWvmitanil pirs SesaZlo danaSaulTan. saqmeze foqsi, kempbeli da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom `gqondes `gonivruli eWvi~ niSnavs imgvari faqtebisa da informaciis arsebobas, rac daakmayofilebda obieqtur damkvirvebels, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli. TumcaRa, ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos `gonivrulad~ damokidebulia SemTxvevis yvela garemoebaze.~ msgavsi midgoma brinegaris saqmeSi Camoayaliba aSS-s uzenaesma sasamarTlom: `safuZvliani eWvi saxezea maSin, roca faqtebi da garemoebebi,... romlis Taobazec samarTaldamcav pirs gaaCnia gonivrulad sarwmuno informacia, arian TavisTavad sakmarisi raTa gonivrulad windaxedulma adamianma daijeros rom danaSauli iqna Cadenili an sCadian...~.

18

37. sadavo norma miuTiTebs, rom `dakaveba SeiZleba~ da amiT iTvaliswinebs ara dakavebis aucileblobas piris mimarT danaSaulis Cadenis gonivruli eWvis arsebobisas, aramed dakavebis SesaZleblobas. es SemTxveviTi ar aris, radganac Tanazomierebis principiT ara mxolod sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba, aramed xelisuflebis sxva Stoebic aris SezRuduli. piris dakaveba yovel SemTxvevaSi unda iyos saTanado, aucilebeli da proporciuli saSualeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mier dadgenili miznebisa da mTavari miznis – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis misaRwevad. erTis mxriv, Carevis simZimisa da meore mxriv, misi gamamarTlebeli mizezebis erToblivi awon-dawonvisas unda iqnas daculi dasaSvebobis zRvari dakavebuli pirisaTvis. dakaveba ar unda awvebodes am RonisZiebis adresats gadametebul tvirTad.

38. kanonmdebeli, ra Tqma unda, moklebulia SesaZleblobas, rom moawesrigos dakavebis yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevis sxvadasxva varianti Tu scenari, radganac es obieqturad aris SeuZlebeli. mTavaria, rom misi gzavnili kanonis aRmasruleblis mimarT iyos konstituciuri.

39. erTerT safuZvels, romlis drosac kanonmdeblis azriT, danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba iqneba saTanado, aucilebeli da proporciuli saSualeba, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens piris mimalvis SesaZlebloba. mimalva ar unda iqnes gagebuli, rogorc mxolod piris adgilsamyofelis cvlileba. mimalva, rogorc amas mosarCele mxarec iziarebs, gulisxmobs momaval safrTxes, rom piri Tavs aaridebs gamoZiebas da sasamarTlos. mimalva Tavis TavSi aseve moicavs safrTxes, rom piri gaagrZelebs danaSaulebriv saqmianobas, Caidens danaSauls Tundac imisaTvis, rom xelSi ar Cauvardes sagamoZiebo organoebs, gaanadgurebs mtkicebulebebs, Tu miecema amis saSualeba. saboloo jamSi ukiduresad garTuldeba, Tu saerTod SeuZlebeli ar gaxdeba Sesabamisi piris mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba.

40. kolegias sadavo normis mimarTeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 141-e muxlis pirvel nawilTan savsebiT logikurad da araproblematurad miaCnia. imisaTvis, rom miRweul iqnes 141-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT dakavebisaTvis dasaxuli miznebi – danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis aRkveTa, gaqcevis, damalvis Tavidan acileba, mtkicebulebaTa mospoba, danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba, misi fizikuri Sepyroba warmoadgens savsebiT saTanado, aucilebel da proporciul RonisZiebas, romlis

19

ganuxorcieleblobam SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas legitimuri miznis miRwevas.

41. marTalia, mosarCele mxares gamokveTilad ar aRuniSnavs, magram kolegia gverds ver auvlis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisobas gansazRvrulobis konstituciur principTan. ganusazRvreli, bundovani da orazrovani norma ver moaxdens adamianis TavisuflebaSi Carevis srulfasovan, konstituciis Sesabamis reglamentacias. norma ar unda iyos formulirebuli ise, rom kanonmdeblis mier gadasawyveti da mosawesrigebeli sakiTxebi faqtobrivad gadavides sxva organoebis diskreciis sferoSi da amiT dairRves saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadebis moTxovnebi.

42. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, saerTaSoriso Tu sxvadasxva demokratiuli saxelmwifoebis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Camoayaliba Tavisi midgoma gansazRvrulobis principTan dakavSirebiT. sasamarTlom daadgina garkveuli kriteriumebi, romelsac unda akmayofilebdes norma: `aucilebelia normis Sinaarsobrivi sizuste, araorazrovneba. norma unda iyos sakmarisad gansazRvruli ara mxolod Sinaarsis, aramed regulirebis sagnis, miznisa da masStabebis mixedviT, raTa adresatma moaxdinos kanonis swori aRqma da Tavisi qcevis ganxorcieleba mis Sesabamisad, ganWvritos qcevis Sedegebi.~ (gadawyvetileba #2/3/406,408, II-36).

43. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom gansazRvrulobis moTxovnebi dakmayofilebulia maSin, `Tu keTilsindisieri ganmartebis pirobebSi SeuZlebeli iqneba normis TviTneburi da adamianis uflebebisaTvis saziano gamoyeneba~ (gadawyvetileba #2/2-389 – II,6). norma unda eqvemdebarebodes ganmartebas romelime tradiciuli meTodis gamoyenebiT mainc. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom am umniSvnelovanes garemoebas xazi gausva da aRniSna: ̀ normis bundovaneba misi arakonstituciurobis zRvarze ar gadis manam, sanam misi gonivruli ganmarteba iuridiuli meTodologiiT SesaZlebelia ise, rom sakmarisi damajereblobiT cxadi da TvalsaCino gaxdes am normiT mowesrigebuli urTierTobebis namdvili arsi. am TvalsazrisiT, normis konstituciurobis Sesafaseblad, pirvel rigSi, unda gairkves misi Sinaarsi. amisTvis aucilebelia normis ganmarteba.~ (gadawyvetileba #1/3/407; II-16).

44. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis me-2 nawiliTan dakavSirebiT, sakonstitucio

20

sasamarTlom 2003 wlis 29 ianvris #2/3/182,185,191 gadawyvetilebaSi yuradReba gaamaxvila frazis `...danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvi iqnes mitanili pirze...~, orazrovnebaze. sasamarTlosaTvis gaugebari iyo, Tu ras gulisxmobda kanonmdebeli, ukve Cadenil danaSauls, Tu danaSaulis Cadenis SesaZleblobasac. aseTi Canaweri iZleoda orazrovani ganmartebis saSualebas. sasamarTlom miuTiTa frazaze `danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba~, rogorc araorazrovan Canawerze. amdenad, sadavo normis nawilis gansazRvrulobaze sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Tavisi pozicia garkveulwilad Camoyalibebulic aqvs.

45. sadavo normis analizma, romelic kolegiam ganaxorciela misi Tanazomierebis principTan Sesabamisobis garkvevisas, cxadhyo, rom naTlad aris Camoyalibebuli normis arsi, mizani da moTxovnebi. keTilsindisieri da gonivruli ganmartebis pirobebSi, SesaZloa gairkves kanonmdeblis mier normaSi Cadebuli neba. kolegiis azriT, norma savsebiT araorazrovania da gasagebi rogorc saxelmwifo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, aseve im pirTaTvis, romlebic potenciurad SeiZleba moeqcnen misi moqmedebis sferoSi.

46. kolegiis mosazreba savsebiT Seesabameba saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier 2003 wlis 29 ianvris # 2/3/182,185,191 gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul sxva azrsac, rom `saqarTvelos konstitucia ar cnobs piris dakavebis SesaZleblobas `sxva monacemebis~ safuZvelze, es monacemebi SesaZlebelia daedos safuZvlad eWvs da ara pirovnebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas.~ sadavo norma, rogorc misma analizma gviCvena, dakavebis SemTxvevas ayalibebs konstituciis formaluri da materialuri moTxovnebis dacviT. kolegiam ganmarta, Tu ra aris am SemTxvevaSi piris dakavebis safuZveli. kanonmdeblis SesaZleblobas aRemateba gonivruli eWvis warmoqmnis SemTxvevebisa da im monacemebis amomwuravi CamonaTvalis dadgena romlebic SeiZleba daedos safuZvlad eWvs. is Tu ramdenad qmnis esa Tu is monacemi gonivruli eWvis safuZvels, konkretul SemTxvevaSi aris gasarkvevi. mTavaria, rom kanonmdebeli adgens zogad kriteriumebs, romlis safuZvelzec SeiZleba am konkretuli SemTxvevebis ganxilva da Sefaseba.

47. mosarCele mxaris mier yuradReba iqna gamaxvilebuli imaze, rom sadavo norma praqtikaSi iZleva TviTneburi dakavebisa da adamianis Tavisuflebis xelyofis saSualebas. mosarCele mxares amis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi, Tundac statistikuri monacemebis saxiT, ar warmoudgenia. mosarCele mxaris mier daxatuli praqtikuli

21

suraTi ar dasturdeba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlodan kolegiis mier gamoTxovili informaciiT, romeliTac irkveva, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze piris dakavebis dasabuTebulobis gadamowmebis Taobaze gancxadeba saerTo sasamarTloebSi ar Sesula.

48. mosarCele mxare, aseve, amtkicebda, rom praqtikaSi xdeba dakavebulisaTvis ganmarteba, Tu ra danaSaulis CadenaSia igi eWvmitanili, magram amas formaluri xasiaTi aqvs. gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi moyvanili msjelobidan naTlad Cans, rom aseTi formaluri midgomis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki is ganpirobebuli iqneboda ara sadavo normiT, aramed sadavo normisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxva Sesabamisi normebis sruli ignorirebiT. amave dros, kolegias ar wardgenia raime mtkicebuleba, romelic daadasturebda aRniSnul praqtikas da miT umetes, mis kavSirs sadavo normasTan.

49. kolegia miiCnevs, rom gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi yuradReba iqna gamaxvilebuli sadavo normis konstituciurobis sakiTxis yvela mniSvnelovan aspeqtze. konstituciursamarTlebrivma Semowmebam cxadhyo, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti Seesabameba saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis pirveli punqtisa da me-3 punqtis pirveli winadadebis moTxovnebs da aseve, fundamentur konstituciur principebs.

IIIzemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ixelmZRvanela ra saqarTvelos

konstituciis 89-e muxlis pirveli punqtis `v~ qvepunqtiTa da me-2 punqtiT, „saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-19 muxlis pirveli punqtis `e~ qvepunqtiT, 21-e muxlis me-2 da me-8 punqtebiT, 43-e muxlis me-2, me-4, me-7 da me-8 punqtebiT, 45-e muxlis pirveli punqtiT, „sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-7 muxlis pirveli da me-2 punqtebiT, 24-e muxlis me-4 punqtiT, 30-e, 31-e, 32-e da 33-e muxlebiT

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo adgens:

22

1. ar dakmayofildes konstituciuri sarCeli #415 (saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg).

2. gadawyvetileba ZalaSia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos sxdomaze misi sajarod gamocxadebis momentidan.

3. gadawyvetileba sabolooa da gasaCivrebas an gadasinjvas ar eqvemdebareba.

4. gadawyvetilebis asli gaegzavnos mxareebs, saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos, saqarTvelos prezidents da saqarTvelos mTavrobas.

5. gadawyvetileba gamoqveyndes `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macneSi~ 15 dRis vadaSi.

kolegiis wevrebi

besik lolaZe

oTar siWinava

lali fafiaSvili

asli dedanTan sworia

qeTevan eremaZesaqarTvelos sakonstituciosasamarTlos mdivani

23