http://hi.wikipedia.org/s/15yp

(Surface Water): , , , [1] .% .% , [2] , , - , ( ) [3] , 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 5 5.1 6 7 8

, , , ; ; ; , , , '' ( ) [4] :

(pore) (aquifer) (underflow) - (fossil water) : - (Desalination) (saline water) ( (distillation) (reverse osmosis) - ( )

(iceberg) - ( )

% % % [5] , (sprinkler) , (drip or trickle irrigation), , , (Aquaculture) , - [6] , ,

%

% , , , (gardening) (Peter Gleick) 50 [7]

, , (whitewater) ( ) , , , ( ) , - ,

: - , , , : (water stress) : (World Business Council for Sustainable Development) , (per capita) , 1700 , , 2000 , 6.2 2050 3 [8] (recycling) , (affluence) 24 , 7 (sanitation) (septic tank) , % , , [9] , (costs more and more) : , , ,

, , , , , [10] [11] % % [12] % % ,[13] :

, , , , , (??) , : (Lagash) (Umma)[14] , , [15][16] [17] , (Chao Phraya River) , , , , , (Bolivian Water Wars of 2000) ; , 2002 , : ( , ) , [18] 2002 (Earth Summit 2002) : [19] ' ' , GWSSR " " :Iwimi.jpg 2025 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , - (OECD) , , [20] (Millennium Development Goals) [21] , , , , , (World Business Council for Sustainable Development) (scenario building) [22] : : , http://hi.wikipedia.org/s/bdk

, , , , , == == , (algae bloom), (storm) , (water quality) ( ) - " " , , . , , , , . , , , (pathogen) (, , ) , (toxic). (waterborne diseases) , (electrical conductivity), , . (Eutrophication) (fertilisation), (surface water) (nutrients) (scarce) [1][2] [2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (organic) (inorganic) : (Insecticide) (herbicide), (organohalide) , (livestock) (Food processing) , (logging) (Tree) (VOCs) ( ), (solvent), (DNAPL)( ), (chlorinated solvent)s, (, , , ) ( ) , , , , s . (Detergents) (chemical compounds) (hygiene) (cosmetic) (Disinfection by-product)( ) (disinfected) (drinking water) : (oil) (Heavy metals) ( (power plants)) , (Chemical waste) (Fertilizer) (nitrates) (phosphate) (Silt) (surface runoff) (construction) , (logging), (slash and burn) , (marine debris) : (Nurdle), (Shipwreck)s, (hydrology transport model)s. (computer model) (SWMM) (DSSAM Model) , . (filter feeding) (copepods) (New York Bight) (toxin) , , (plankton) (coriolis force). (oxygen depletion), (algae bloom)s, (nutrient) algal (shellfish) (copepods) , (heavy metals) ( : (mercury)) (persistent organic pollutants) (DDT) (plastic debris). (North Pacific Gyre) , (Great Pacific Garbage Patch) (decay) (groundwater) (chlorinated hydrocarbons) (trichloroethylene)( degreasing ) (tetrachloroethylene) ( ). (carcinogens) , , ( ) , (Groundwater) (aquifer) - (clay) ( ), , , , (soil contaminant). (caverns) , - (sinkhole) (Karst) , : (Silt) (surface runoff) . (Thermal pollution) (thermophilic)

(Environmental Scientists) . ' , . (discharge) (common law) ( ) ( ) . . , , , (Environment Agency) (SEPA). 19 . (Refuse Act) (Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899) , , , , , (Water Pollution Control Act), (Clean Water Act). (United States Environmental Protection Agency) , [3] , (United States Environmental Protection Agency) 28 , ,,, , , (algae bloom),(storm) , (water quality) ( ) - " " , , . , , , , . , , ,(pathogen) (, , ) , (toxic). (waterborne diseases) , (electrical conductivity), , . (Eutrophication) (fertilisation), (surface water) (nutrients) (scarce) [1][2] [2]

, , - - , , , , 1. , , , - 2. - , 3. 4. , , , 5. , 1. 2. , , , , 4. , , - 5. , 1. - 2. 3. 4. ,