Volume II Nomor 3, Pebruari 2011

7/21/2019 Volume II Nomor 3, Pebruari 2011

1/61

D\\K ? 30>5 - 4806

OVSKHIJASVG

BF\FNH]HK

OaurkhiAjNfhitnJarug

PAID]FBKDBBF\FNH]HK

BFGFKBF\PHIHKEBHSHTH

ZaiugfDD

Kagar

Hkhid sds Jhbtar Sdsdba Bftuchk Pflhn Mdkd md Suhke Cfrshidk Sughn \hbdt Vgug

Mhfrhn mr. Mar ds \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh

Kaar nhk d Ghlnmht, Abthvd hkd , Sdyhk td ......................................................................... 8:

Fjfbtdj dths Pfruchnhk Pasdsd ]dmu r ]frn hmhp \hturhsd Absdefk Phsdfk \trabf Dsbfgdb

Hbut md Suhke N Sughn \hbdt Vgug Mhfrhn mr. Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh

Ehm Mhthb, Fstfr D kuk e \yivd h, G dssfsh ....................................................................... 38

Ehgchrhk Bfifkebhphk Mabugfkthsd Hsunhk Bfpfrhwhthk md Sughn \hbdt Vgug

Mhfrhn mr. Mar ds \yivhkus Phihkebhrhyh

Chr ta Ghksyhn, Kdt h ]nfrfsdh, Jfty Shnghwhtd ......................................................... 35

Jhbtar M ftfrgdk hk Ndpfrtfksd md Bhsakehk Bhcuphtfk Bhtdkehk Bhid ghkthk ]fkehn

\hktny B. \hgufi, Zdssdh Mdm dk, Hdmh ........................................................................... =0

]dk ohuhk Bhsus Pfkyhbdt Chbdnd s md Mfsh ]ugchke Bfohgfd mhk Mfsh Bdnhg Chthke,

Bhcuphtfk Bhtdkehk

Zdssdh Md mdk , Ghrsfidk us Nfr dtfiu kh, Khthi hksyhn ...................................................... 60

D\\K ? 30>5-4806


2/61

Zaiugf DD Kagar


3/61

PFKEHK]HS SFMHB\D

\hihn shtu tuehs uthgh mhrd ifgcheh pfkmdmdbhk tdkeed sfchehdghkh tfrlhktug mhihg

]rd Mnhrgh Pfreuruhk ]dkeed hmhihn gfihbshkhbhk pfkfidtdhk. Hehr nhsdi-nhsdi pfkfidtdhkmhk bhryh digdhn ihdkkyh yhke tfihn mdihbubhk aifn ldvdths hbhmfgdbh Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk

Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh Shyh ifcdn cfrghkjhht mhk mhpht mdchlh aifn ghsyhrhbht, ghbh

mdpfriubhk suhtu gfmdh pucidbhsd yhke rfsgd mhk cfrbfsdkhgcukehk.

JASVG BF\FNH]HK gfruphbhk Ourkhi Digdhn sfchehd Gfmdh Dkjarghsd yhke

gfkyhodbhk bhodhk nhsdi-nhsdi pfkfidtdhk, ehehshk mhk apdkd sfrth bagukdbhsd sdkebht ghupuk

dkjarghsd ihdkkyh mhihg cdmhke digu bnususkyh bfpfrhwhthk, bfcdmhkhk, edzd, mhk ugugkyh

cdmhke digu yhke cfrnucukehk mfkehk bfsfnhthk.

Puod mhk syubur bdth phkohtbhk bfnhmdrht ]unhk Thke Ghnh Buhsh, bhrfkh nhkyh

cfrbht cdgcdkehk mhk pftukoub-Kyhihn uphyh uktub gfwuoumbhk gfmdh pucidbhsd digdhn

Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh Shyh yhke mdcfrd khgh JASVG BF\FNH]HKvaiugf bfmuh dkd mhpht tfrihbshkh. Mfkehk tfbht yhke buht mhk baban, bhgd hbhk tfrus ifcdn

gfghlu mdrd uktub sfkhktdhsh gfkdkebhtbhk buhidths tuidshk yhke hbhk guklui phmh

pfkfrcdthkpfkfrcdthk sfihkoutkyh.

Vlhphk tfrdgh bhsdn mdshgphdbhk bfphmh Mdrfbtur Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs

Phihkebh Shyh sfchehd Pfkhkeeuke Ohwhc sfrth Mfwhk Pfgcdkh yhke tfihn gfgcfrdbhk

bfpfrlhyhhk mhk pftukoub bfphmh rfmhbtur ndkeeh tfrcdtkyh JASVG BF\FNH]HK Zaiugf

DD Kagar < dkd. Vlhphk tfrdghbhsdn mhk pfkenhrehhk oueh mdshgphdbhk bfphmh Mfwhk

Sfmhbsd yhke tfihn gfiuhkebhk whbtukyh uktub gfkebhod bfihyhbhk cfcfrhph khsbhn nhsdi

pfkfidtdhk/bhryh digdhn yhke tfihn mdshgphdbhk bfphmh rfmhbsd.

Bfphmh phrh pfkuids yhke tfihn gfkyhgphdbhk khsbhn tuidshkkyh mdshgphdbhkpfkenhrehhk yhke sftdkeed-tdkeedkyh mhk sfihiu mdnhrhpbhk phrtdsdphsdkyh uktub gfkedrdgbhk

khsbhn tuidshkkyh sflhrh cfrbhih mhk cfrbfsdkhgcukehk mfgd ihklhrkyh pfkfrcdthk JASVG

BF\FNH]HK dkd sfihkoutkyh.

Hbndrkyh, sfgaeh hrtdbfi-hrtdbfi yhke mdguht mhihg JASVG BF\FNH]HK Zaiugf

DD Kagar < dkd mhpht gfkhgchn whwhshk mhk gfgcfrdbhk pfklfrhnhk chehd ifktfrh yhke thb

bukouke phmhg. Brdtdb mhk shrhk yhke cfrsdjht gfgchkeuk shkeht mdnhrhpbhk mfgd

pfkyfgpurkhhk pfkfrcdthk sfihkoutkyh.

]dg Sfmhbsd

D\\K ? 30>5-4806


4/61

MHJ]HS D\D

Nhi.

Jhbtar-Jhbtar Sdsdba Mdhcftfs Gfid tus ]dpf 3 md Sughn \hbd t Vgug Mhfrhn

mr. Mard s \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh

Fstfr D kuke \yivdh, Ehm Mhthb, \hktny B. \hgufi ............................................................ 8

Nucukehk ]dkebht Pfkefthnuhk D cu ]fkthke H\D Mfkehk Paih Ihbthsd Phmh Chyd Chru

Ihndr \hgphd Vgur : Cui hk Md ]fihke \duke Bflhghthk Phou Fpht

Bhcuphtfk Chrdta ] dgur

Cfrtn dhkh .............................................................................................................................. >

Hkhidsds Jhbtar Sdsdba Bftuchk Pflhn Mdk d md Suhke Cfrshidk Sughn \hbdt Vgug

Mhfrhn mr . Mar ds \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh

Kaar nhk d G hlnmht, Abthvdhkd , Sdyhktd ............................................................................... 8:

Fjfbtd j dths Pfruchnhk Pasdsd ]d mur ]frnhmhp \hturhsd Absdefk Phsdfk \trabf D sbfgdb Hbut

Md Suhke N Sughn \hbdt Vgug Mhfrhn mr. Mar ds \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh

Ehm Mhthb, Fstfr Dkuke \yivdh, G dssfsh ............................................................................. 38

Ehgchrhk Bfifkebhphk Mabugfkthsd Hsunhk Bfpfrhwhthk md Sughn \hbdt Vgug

Mhfrhn mr. Mard s \yivhkus Phihkebhrhyh

Chr ta Ghksyhn, Kd th ]nfrfsdh, Jfty Shnghwhtd ............................................................... 35

Jhbtar Mftfrgdkhk N dpfr tfksd md Bhsakehk Bhcuphtfk Bhtdkehk Bhi dghkthk ]fkehn

\hktny B. \hgufi, Zdssdh Mdmdk, Hdmh ................................................................................. =0

]dkohuhk Bhsus Pfkyhbdt Chbd nd s md Mfsh ]ugchke Bfohgfd mhk Mfsh Bdnhg Chthke,

Bhcuphtfk Bhtdkehk

Zdssdh Mdmdk, Ghrsfidkus Nfrd tfiukh, Khthihksyhn ............................................................ 60

Zaiugf DD Kagar 5-4806


5/61

8

JHB]AS-JHB]AS SD\DBA MDHCF]F\ GFID]V\ ]DPF 3

MD SVGHN \HBD] VGVG MHFSHN mr. MASD\ \TIZHKV\ PHIHKEBH SHTH

Fstfr Dkuke \yivdh, Ehm Mhthb, \hktny B. \hgufi

Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh ShyhOhihk Efaref Ka.0% Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus lhsfs dk 3005-300> ds allurf ht avfr hef =6 yfhrs. ]nfdklrfhsdke aj dkldmfklf Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus hrf mfpfkms ak jrag tnf jhltars tnht dkjiufklf tnds lhsfs,

dk rdsb jhltars tnht lhk gamdjyfm ar lhkt gamdjyfm. ]nf acofltdvf aj rfsfhrln? ta praaj tnht rdsb

jhltars tnht lhk gamdjyfm ar lhkt gamdjyfmhrf rdsb jhltars dkldmfklf aj typf 3 Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus.

Gftnam aj rfsfhrln? tnf hkhiytdlhi acsfrvhtdak aj rfsfhrln wdtn lhsf laktrai ar rfstraspfltdvf

rfsfhrln. Papuihtdak aj tnds rfsfhrln ds laksdst aj typf 3 Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus hkm kak typf 3 MdhcftfsGfiidtus tnht thbf lhrf dk tnf whrm ar autphtdfkt mfptsdk Mr. Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh Naspdthi.

]nf kugcfr aj shgpifs dk tnds rfsfhrln hrf 5: pfapif, laksdst aj rfspakmfkts hs lhsf hkm

rfspakmfkts hs laktrai.Sfsuits aj rfsfhrln? tnf rdsb jhltars tnht lhk gamdjyfm tnht pravfk nhvf hk

appartukdty ta allur typf 3 Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus hrf hef (p70.0, AS7=.56->.===), lnaifstfrai (p70.000, AS78:.=, AS7=.=342 46% LD78.6:4-83.603), sgabdke nhcdt p70.000,AS736.62 46% LD78-8>8.:05). Lakliusdak? ]nf rdsb jhltars tnht pravfk nhvf hk appartukdty ta

allur typf 3 Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus hrf hef, acfsdty, ciaam prfssurf, lnaifstfrai, trdeiylfrdmh, hkm sgabdkenhcdt.

Bfy Uarms?]ypf 3 Mdhcftfs Gfiidtus,Sdsb Jhltars.

Pfkmhnuiuhk

Mdhcftfs gfidtus (MG) hmhihn sfbfiagpab

pfkyhbdt gfthcaidb yhke mdthkmhd mfkehk

ndpfreidbfgdh bhrfkh hmhkyh ehkeeuhk

gfthcaidsgff bhrcandmrht, ifghb, mhk pratfdk

mhrd mfjfb sfbrfsd dksuidk, ehkeeuhk bfroh

dksuidk hthu bfmuhkyh8. Mdhcftfs Gfidtus

gfgpukyhd muh tdpf uthgh, yhdtu MG tdpf 8

(tfrehktuke dksuidk), mhk MG tdpf 3

(tdmhb tfrehktuke dksuidk)3(Dekhtdvdldus, 8444).

Burhke ifcdn 6% ndkeeh 80% phsdfk

gfkehihgd MG tdpf 8 mhk sfifcdnkyh sfbdthr

40% ndkeeh 46% mhrd sfiurun phsdfk mdhcftfs

hmhihn MG tdpf 3


6/61

3

thnuk 30 outh odwh mhk mdhsugsdbhk

hbhk tfrohmd bfkhdbhk prfvhifksd bfohmdhk MG

sfbdthr >.3 outh odwh=,6.

Ougihn pfkmfrdth MG md Bhidghkthk ]fkehn

cfiug pfkfidtd mhphtbhk sflhrh spfsdjdb, khguk

cfrmhshrbhk lhththk gfmdb mhrd S\VM mr.

Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh, thnuk 3005

ndkeeh 3004 ougihn phsdfk MG gfkdkebht

mhrd mhk 68= bhsus thnuk 3004. ]uoun puiun

fgpht pfrsfk (5=%) ndkeeh >0% bhsus MG

thnuk 3005-300> tfrohmd phmh usdh mdhths =6

thnuk sfmhkebhk thnuk 3004 sfbdthr =3% mhk

hkebh yhke lubup tdkeed sfchkyhb


7/61

. Bagpakfk tucun yhke mhpht

gfkehihgd pfruchnhk hmhihn sfi cfth phkbrfhs

yhke gfkenhsdibhk nargakf dksuidk, sfi-sfi

ohrdkehk threft yhke gfkenhsdibhk eiubash,

sdstfg shrhj, mhk nargak ihdk yhke

gfgpfkehrund bhmhr eiubash. UNA

gfkyfcutbhk chnwh sftfihn usdh .

Nhi dkd sfusuhd oueh mfkehk nhsdi pfkfidtdhk

mhrd Luhshy, ft hi (3000) chnwh ugur =6-6=

thnuk cfrpfkehrun tfrnhmhp bfohmdhk MG]3 md

Naustak ]fxhs mfkehk AS7 :,64. \fmhkebhk

pfkfidtdhk md Dkmakfsdh sfkmdrd ugugkyh phidkesfrdke phmh usdh =0-:0 thnuk. PFSBFKD oueh

gfrugusbhk chnwh dkmdvdmu yhke cfrusdh

ifcdn mhrd =6 thnuk cfrdsdba uktub tfrohmdkyh

MG]3.

\fmhkebhk jhbtar efkftdb gfruphbhk jhbtar

pfktdke phmh MG. Bfihdkhk yhke mdturukbhk

mhpht ihkesuke gfgpfkehrund sfi cfth mhk

gfkeuchn bfghgpuhkkyh uktub gfkefkhid

ZhrdhcfiBaktrai Bhsus AS P

K7

% K7

% (46% LD) Zhiuf

Vgur

9 =6 thnuk

=6 thnuk

8835

5>,:=30

=8.4:0.:

368.8(0.8>:-8.8>)

0.8:6


8/61

=

mhk gfkyfchrbhk rhkeshke sfbrftards dksuidk.

Bfhmhhk dkd gfkdkebhtbhk bfrfkthkhk dkmdvdmu

tfrsfcut tfrnhmhp jhbtar-jhbtar idkebukehk yhke

mhpht gfkeuchn dktferdths mhk jukesd sfi cfth

phkbrfhs80. \dpfrstfdk mhihg Uhsphmod (3005)

gfkyhthbhk mhihg pfkfidtdhkkyh phmh phsdfk

MG mdmhphtbhk 40% gfgdidbd bfihdkhk phmh

gfgcrhk chshi atat mhk bfihdkhk sfruph

mdmhphtbhk phmh 6


9/61

6

Hshg ifghb cfchs hbhk gfghsubd hidrhk mhrhn

mhk mdchwh bf nhrd uktub pfgcfktubhk

trdeifsfrdmh bfgchid.

Bfcdhshhk gfrabab tfrcubtd gfgpukyhd

pfiuhke uktub bfohmdhk MG]3 mfkehk kdihd p7

0.000. Sdsdba uktub bfohmdhk MG]3 phmh

rfspakmfk yhke gfrabab 83 chthke/ nhrd

sfcfshr 36.6 bhid mdchkmdke mfkehk rfspakmfk

yhke gfrabab 9 83 chthke/ nhrd. Gfrabab

gfruphbhk bfcdhshhk yhke gfgchnhyhbhk

bfsfnhthk chnbhk tdkebht chnhyhkyh ifcdn

tdkeed tfrohmd phmh dkmdvdmu yhke gfkehihgd

mdhcftfs gfiidtus. Kdbatdk yhke mdbhkmuke

rabab mdbfthnud mhpht gfkdkebhtbhk bhmhr

eiubash mhrhn. \tumd mhrd phrh pfkfidtd

gfkfgubhk masds kdbatdk yhke bfldi cdsh

gfkdkebhtbhk bhmhr NcH8L sfcfshr >,>

pfrsfk, mhk masds yhke tdkeed sftfihn mdcfrdbhk

kdbatdk sfihgh muh nhrd gfkdkebhtbhk bhmhr

NcH8L sfcfshr


10/61

:

tfrohmdkyh MG]3 hmhihn jhbtar rdwhyht

bfiuhreh MG]3 mhk hbtdvdths jdsdb.

Nhsdi pfkfidtdhk dkd gfgpfrbuht bfdiguhkbfpfrhwhthk chnwh jhbtar-jhbtar rdsdba

tfrsfcut cfrpfiuhke tfrohmdkyh MG]3 sfndkeeh

cfrpatfksd cfrthgchnkyh ougihn hkebh

bfohmdhk MG]3 md Bhidghkthk ]fehn cdih tdmhb

mdihbubhk pfkefkmhidhk hthu pfkhthihbshkhhk

yhke chdb tfrnhmhp jhbtar-jhbtar tfrsfcut.

Mdshrhkbhk uktub gfihbubhk pfkfidtdhk ifcdn

ihkout mfkehk shgpfi yhke ifcdn cfshr mhk

mhfrhn lhbuphk pfkfidtdhk mdpfriuhs sf

Bhidghkthk ]fkehn mhk mhpht mdihbubhk uktub

gfkefthnud jhbtar rdsdba bfohmdhk iubh bhbd

mdhcftdb.

Mhjthr Suoubhk

8.

UNA.Mfjdkdtdak, mdhekasds, hkm

lihssdjdlhtdak aj mdhcftfs gfidtus hkm dts

lagpidlhtdaks, Hrlndvfs(akidkf) 8444

(Ldtfm 3080 Hueust :) Hvhdihcif

jrag?nttp?//www.mdhcftfs.lag.hu/pmj/wnaQ

rfpart.pmj,.

3. Dekhtvdldus, M.M., Uarbghk, I.G., &

Gdsifr, H.G. Gfmdlhi suredlhi kursdke

hlrass tnf nfhitn lhrf laktdkug. 5,
http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/298/22/2654.shorthttp://jama.ama-assn.org/content/298/22/2654.shorthttp://jama.ama-assn.org/content/298/22/2654.shorthttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Luxia+Zhang&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Gary+C.+Curhan&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Frank+B.+Hu&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Frank+B.+Hu&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Eric+B.+Rimm&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=John+P.+Forman&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2011/02/25/dc10-2087http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2011/02/25/dc10-2087http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2011/02/25/dc10-2087http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2011/02/25/dc10-2087http://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=John+P.+Forman&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Eric+B.+Rimm&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Frank+B.+Hu&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Frank+B.+Hu&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Gary+C.+Curhan&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/search?author1=Luxia+Zhang&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://jama.ama-assn.org/content/298/22/2654.shorthttp://jama.ama-assn.org/content/298/22/2654.short


12/61

>

NVCVKEHK ]DKEBH] PFKEF]HNVHK DCV ]FK]HKE H\D

MFKEHK PAIH IHB]H\D PHMH CHTD CHSV IHNDS \HGPHD VGVS : CVIHK

MD ]FIHKE \DVKE BFLHGH]HK PHOV FPH] BHCVPH]FK CHSD]A ]DGVS

Cfrtndhkh

Ourushk Bfpfrhwhthk Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh ShyhOhihk Efaref Acas Ka. 0 pfapif wna hrf sfifltfm usdke tnf tflnkdquf aj Kak Prachcdidty

\hgpidke cy purpasdvf shgpidke. Dkmfpfkmfkt vhrdhcifs dk tnds stumy ds tnf bkawifmef aj gatnfrs

hcaut crfhstjffmdke hkm ihlthtdak mfpfkmfkt vhrdhcif ds tnf phttfrkdk kfwcark dkjhkts up ta hef :

gaktns. ]nf mhth whs laiifltfm usdke h strulturfmqufstdakkhdrf hkm tnf rfsuits wfrf hkhiyzfm wdtn

tnf \pfhrghk Shkb tfst wdtn hsdekdjdlhklf ifvfi aj p 0.06.

]nf rfsuits aj tnds stumy snawfm :0.5% aj rfspakmfkts nhm h eaam bkawifmef ifvfi, 65.8% ajrfspakmfkts hppiy tnf larrflt phttfrk aj ihlthtdak ak chcdfs up ta hef : gaktns. Chsfm ak tnf

rfsuits aj \pfhrghk rhkb tfst sthtdstdls acthdkfm h ndeniy sdekdjdlhkt rfihtdaksndp cftwffk

bkawifmef hcaut crfhstjffmdke gatnfrs wdtn ihlthtdak phttfrks dk kfwcark dkjhkts up ta hef :

gaktns wdtn h sdekdjdlhklf ifvfi aj p 7 0.003 wdtn h strfketn aj tnf rfihtdaksndp ds ifss strake

Lafjjdtdfkt Larrfihtdak 7 0.865. Hs tnf rfjfrrhi hmvdlf whs tnf kffm jar rfsfhrlnfrs ta dklrfhsf

bkawifmef hcaut crfhstjffmdke hkm tnf gatnfrs sulbif tnf larrflt phttfrk aj ihlthtdak cy

dklrfhsdke tnf pravdsdak aj dkjarghtdak ta gatnfrs sulbif.

Bfywarms ? Bkawifmef Sfihtdaksndps gatnfrs hcaut crfhstjffmdke, ihlthtdak phttfrks dk kfwcark

dkjhkts up ta hef : gaktns.

Pfkmhnuiuhk

Gfkyusud hmhihn suhtu lhrh yhke tdmhb hmh

muhkyh mhihg gfgcfrdbhk ghbhkhk yhke

dmfhi ched pfrtugcunhk mhk pfrbfgchkehk

chyd yhke sfnht sfrth gfgpukyhd pfkehrun

cdaiaed mhk bfodwhhk yhke ukdb tfrnhmhp

bfsfnhthk dcu mhk chyd. _ht-zht hktd dkjfbsd

yhke tfrbhkmuke mhihg H\D gfgchktu

gfidkmuked chyd tfrnhmhp pfkyhbdt, sfihdk

dtu tfrmhpht nucukehk pfktdke hkthrh

gfkyusud mfkehk pfkohrhkehk bfnhgdihk

(BC).8

Bfukeeuihk Hsd tfrsfcut pfriu mdtukohke

mfkehk lhrh pfgcfrdhk H\D yhke cfkhr


13/61

4

gdshikyh sfefrh sftfihn ihndr (4 gfkeukebhpbhk, chnwh

pfgcfrdhk H\D sflhrh fbsbiusdj sfihgh = :

cuihk nhkyh


14/61

80

mfpfkmfk yhdtu paih ihbthsd tfrnhmhp chydkyh

yhke cfrugur 9 : cuihk.

Papuihsd phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd hmhihn sfiurun

Dcu gfkftfbd yhke cfrhmh md ]fihke \duke

Bflhghthk Phou Fpht Bhcuphtfk Chrdta

]dgur md cuihk Ouid 3004. Bhrfkh pfkdidtdhk

mdihbubhk phmh sfiurun paipuihsd yhdtu

mdhgcdi mhrd sfiurun dcu gfkftfbd shgphd usdh

chyd : cuihk. Vktub gfkfktubhk shgpif yhke

hbhk mdtfidtd mdphbhd tfnkdb shgpidke yhdtu

Kak Prachcdidty \hgpidke mfkehk lhrh

Purpasdvf \hgpidke. Dkstrugfk yhkemdeukhbhk mhihg pfkeugpuihk mhth hmhihn

bufsdakfr, pfkefrtdhk bufsdakfr hmhihn ushnh

uktub gfkeugpuibhk dkjarghsd mfkehk

gfkyhgphdbhk sfougihn pfrthkyhhk tfrtuids

uktub mdohwhc aifn rfspakmfk6 mhihg nhi dkd

dcu gfkftfbd tfkthke pfkefthnuhk mhk paih

ihbthsd dcu yhke cfrcfktub sbhih idkbfrt phmh

chyd yhke cfrugur : cuihk, mfkehk

prasfmur yhdtu sftfihn mhth tfrbugpui

mdihbubhk pfkyuktdkehk mhth mhk bamdke.

]fnkdb pfgcfrdhk sbar phmh bufsakfr

pfkefthnuhk gfkeeukhbhk sbhih armdkhi

mdghkh rfspakmfk gfgdidn ohwhchk yh

mfkehk kdihd 80 mhk tdmhb mfkehk kdihd 0.

uktub paih ihbthsd mfkehk sbhih idkbfrt mfkehk

hitfrkhtdj ohwhchk pfrdihbu chdb dtu mfkehk

sbarf 56%, mhk 56% uktub pfrihbu

burhke. Iabhsd pfkfidtdhk md ]fihke \duke

Bflhghthk ]fihke \duke Bflhghthk Phou

Fpht Bhcuphtfk Chrdta ]dgur, ihghkyh

pfkfidtdhk 6 (idgh) cuihk mhrd Cuihk Ouid

shgphd mfkehk cuihk Mfsfgcfr 3004, mfkehk

hkhidsh mhth yhdtu mhth yhke tfihn mdfmdt

mdshodbhk sflhrh thcuihsd sdihke hkthrh vhrdhcfi

dkmfpfkmfk mhk mfpfkmfk, sfihkoutkyh

mdihbubhk uod Baigaearav \gdrkav.

Nhsdi Mhk Pfgchnhshk

Md mhihg nhsdi pfkfidtdhk dkd hbhk mdurhdbhk

tfkthke bhrhbtfrdstdb mfgaerhjd rfspakmfk,

mhk mhth tfkthke nucukehk hkthrh tdkebht

pfkefthnuhk dcu tfkthke H\D mfkehk paih

ihbthsd phmh chyd shgphd usdh : cuihk yhdtu

sfchehd cfrdbut?

Bhrhbtfrdstdb mfgaerhjd rfspakmfk hbhk

mdurhdbhk cfrmhshrbhk ugur, pfbfrohhk,tdkebht pfkmdmdbhk, mhk ugur chyd sfrth

nucukehk hkthrh pfkefthnuhk dcu tfkthke H\D

mfkehk paih ihbthsd phmh chyd shgphd usdh :

cuihk.

Cfrmhshrbhk ehgchr 8 md hths sfchedhk cfshr

rfspakmfk mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd cfrugur

hkthrh 36-


15/61

88

Cfrmhshrbhk ehgchr 3 md hths sfchedhk cfshr

rfspakmfk mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd tdmhb cfbfroh

md iuhr rughn sfchkyhb :< arhke (5>,56%),

sfmhkebhk rfspakmfk yhke cfbfroh sfchehd

PK\ gfruphbhk ougihn yhke phidke sfmdbdt

sfchkyhb : arhke (5,6%).

Ehgchr


16/61

83

chydkyh shgphd usdh : cuihk yhdtu sfchkyhb

: yhke cfrhrtd N8

mdtfrdgh mfkehk bfbuhthk nucukehk burhke

buht (0,=>:).

Cfrmhshrbhk nhsdi pfkfidtdhk dkd phmh thcfi 6

mdmhphtbhk tdkebht pfkefthnuhk rfspakmfktfkthke H\D sfchedhk cfshr chdb yhdtu

sfchkyhb =4 arhke (:8,36%). Pfkefthnuhk

yhke chdb dkd mdmubuke aifn jhbtar

pfkmdmdbhk, md ghkh tdkebht pfkmdmdbhk

rfspakmfk sfchedhk cfshr hmhihn \I]H

(=3,6%) mhk rfihtdj ifcdn chdb mhrdphmh

rfspakmfk yhke cfrpfkmdmdbhk \M mhk \I]P.

]dkebht pfkmdmdbhk yhke tdkeed

gfgukebdkbhk tdkebht pfkefthnuhk mhk

pfghnhghk dcu tfkthke H\D ifcdn chdb puih.

]dkebht pfkmdmdbhk yhke chdb dkd oueh

gfgpfkehrund pfkdkebhthk

bfshmhrhk(hwhrfkfss) dcu tfkthke paih ihbthsd

ihbthsd yhke cfkhr phmh chydkyh. Ofkohke

pfkmdmdbhk \I]H phmh sfchedhk cfshr

rfspakmfk gfgukebdkbhk rfspakmfk ifcdn

chkyhb gfkmhpht dkjarghsd tfkthke

pfktdkekyh paih ihbthsd yhke cfkhr phmh chyd

shgphd usdh : cuihk mhrdphmh tdkebht

pfkmdmdbhk md chwhnkyh, sfndkeeh mhpht

gfgcfrdbhk H\D phmh chydkyh shgphd usdh :

cuihk. Jhbtar ihdk yhke oueh gfgpfkehrund

tdkebht pfkefthnuhk sfchedhk cfshr rfspakmfk

phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd hmhihn shht dkd sumhn

chkyhb tfrsfmdh gfmdh dkjarghsd chdb gfmdh

fifbtrakdb ghupuk gfmdh ghssh yhke ihdk

yhke gfkyhodbhk dkjarghsd tfkthke

pfktdkekyh pfgcfrdhk H\D phmh chyd shgphd

usdh : cuihk. Nhi dkd gfruphbhk suhtu cfktub

fmubhsd pfrsuhsdj bfphmh ghsyhrhbht yhke

sflhrh ihgcht ihuk mhpht gfkdkebhtbhk

pfghnhghk ghsyhrhbht tfkthke pfktdkekyh

pfgcfrdhk H\D phmh chyd shgphd usdh :

cuihk. Mfkehk mfgdbdhk sflhrh pfrihnhk-

ihnhk nhi dtu hbhk gfruchn pfrdihbughsyhrhbht uktub gfgcfrdbhk paih ihbthsd

yhke cfkhr phmh chyd shgphd usdh : cuihk.

Jhbtar idkebukehk sasdhi oueh gfgpfkehrund

tdkebht pfkefthnuhk dcu tfkthke pfktdkekyh

pfgcfrdhk H\D phmh chyd shgphd usdh :

cuihk. Phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd idkebukehk sasdhi

rfspakmfk hmhihn idkebukehk yhke

cfrpfkmdmdbhk sfndkeeh ifcdn chkyhb

dkjarghsd yhke mhpht mdtfrdgh mhrd dcu-dcu

yhke ihdk md idkebukehkkyh sfndkeeh

pfkefthnuhk dcu ifcdn gfkdkebht.

Cfrmhshrbhk nhsdi pfkfidtdhk dkd phmh thcfi 3

mdmhphtbhk sfchedhk cfshr rfspakmfk

gfkfrhpbhk paih ihbthsd yhke cfkhr phmh

chydkyh shgphd usdh : cuihk yhdtu sfchkyhb

=: arhke (65,6%). Pfkfrhphk paih ihbthsd

yhke cfkhr phmh chyd shgphd usdh : cuihk

phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd mdpfkehrund aifn cfcfrhph

jhbtar hkthr ihdk hmhihn jhbtar pfkefthnuhk

dcu tfkthke pfktdkekyh pfgcfrdhk H\D yhke

cfkhr phmh chyd shgphd usdh : cuihk, bakmdsd

jdsdb dcu tfruthgh yhke gfkyhkebut hkhtagd

mhk jdsdaiaed phyumhrh. Jhbtar nargakhi yhke


17/61

80 rfspakmfk mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd,

=: rfspakmfk tfrghsub mhihg brdtfrdh

pfkefthnuhk chdb. Mfkehk mfgdbdhk sflhrh

hihgdhn puih sfchedhk cfshr rfspakmfk

gfgpukyhd pfghnhghk yhke rfihtdj chdb

tfkthke paih ihbthsd yhke chdb mhk cfkhr

sfndkeeh paih ihbthsd yhke mdtfrhpbhk bfphmh

chydkyh shgphd : cuihk oueh chdb. ]dkebht

pfkmdmdbhk rfspakmfk sfchedhk cfshr (=3%)

hmhihn tdkebht gfkfkehn hths (\I]H)

sfndkeeh tdkebht pfghnhghk bidfk rfihtdj

lubup chdb. Pfghnhghk yhke chdb tfkthke

ghkjhht paih ihbthsd yhke chdb hbhk

gfkyfchcbhk dkmdvdmu uktub gfkehmapsdkyhmhk bfgumdhk gfkehpidbhsdbhkkyh bf mhihg

bfndmuphk sfnhrd-nhrd. Cdih sfsfarhke tfihn

gfkehpidbhsdbhk paih ihbthsd yhke chdb yhke

tfihn mdphnhgd mhk mdhmapsdkyh ghbh hbhk

tdgcui suhtu nhcdt/bfcdhshhk md mhihg

bfndmuphk sfnhrd-nhrdkyh uktub gfkfrhpbhk

paih ihbthsd yhke chdb mhk cfkhr. Nhcdt /

bfcdhshhk yhke tfihn mdihbshkhbhk sfnhrd-nhrd

hbhk gfgcfktub suhtu pfrdihbu ched dkmdvdmu.

\fsuhd mfkehk tfard yhke mdbfgubhbhk aifn

Katahtgamoa (844


18/61

8=

dtu tdmhb mdmhshrd aifn pfkefthnuhk, bfshmhrhk

ghbh tdmhb hbhk cfrihkesuke ihgh.: Jhbtar

ihdk yhke gfgpfkehrund pfkfrhphk ihbthsd

yhke chdb phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd hmhihn pfbfrohhk

rfspakmfk. Md mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd sfchedhk

cfshr rfspakmfk tdmhb cfbfroh sfndkeeh ifcdn

chkyhb gfgpukyhd whbtu iuhke mhihg

gfrhwht chydkyh tfrghsub mhihg nhi paih

ihbthsd chdb mhihg nhi jrfbwfksd gfkftfbd,

lhrh gfkftfbd yhke cfkhr, mhk ihgh

gfkyusud. Ched dcu yhke cfbfroh md iuhr

rughn rfihtdj ifcdn sfmdbdt gfgpukyhd whbtuuktub gfrhwht chydkyh. Jrfbwfksd gfkftfbd

gfkohmd cfrburhke, jhbtar bfifihnhk sfnhcds

cfbfroh oueh gfgpfkehrund bakmdsd jdsdb mhk

psdbaiaeds dcu md mhihg gfkfrhpbhk paih

ihbthsd yhke chdb mhk cfkhr. Jhbtar bfsfnhthk

jdsdb mhk psdbaiaeds dcu shkeht gfkfktubhk

paih pfkfrhphk ihbthsd yhke cfkhr phmh

chydkyh. Bakmdsd jdsdb dcu yhke sfnht mhpht

gfgchktu gfkdkebhtbhk buhidths mhk

buhktdths pramubsd H\D. Jhbtar jdsdb dkd oueh

cfrbhdthk frht mfkehk hkhtagd phyumhrh,

nargak mhk jdsdaiaed ihbthsd. Hkhtagd

phyumhrh yhke tdmhb chdb gfruphbhk

nhkmdlhp md mhihg prasfs ihbthsd. \fmhkebhk

jhbtar psdbaiaeds oueh gfgpfkehrund paih

ihbthsd mhihg prasfsCakmdke mhk Htthlngfkt

. Ofkds nargak yhke shkeht cfrbhdthk mfkehk

prasfs ihbthsd hmhihn nargak praihbtdk mhk

axytaldk. Nargak praihbtdk cfrpfrhk md

mhihg pramubsd H\D, sfmhkebhk nargak

axytaldk cfrpfrhk pfktdke mhihg pfkefiuhrhk

H\D shht chyd gfkftfb. Bakmdsd

psdbaiaeds/fgasdakhi dcu yhke tdmhb sthcdi

gfkdgcuibhk bffkeehkhk dcu uktub gfkftfbd

chydkyh.

Jhbtar ghbhkhk mhk acht-achthk yhke

mdbaksugsd dcu shkeht gfkfktubhk oueh paih

ihbthsd. Ghbhkhk yhke gfkehkmuke zht-zht

edzd yhke cfrbuhidths hbhk gfkenhsdibhk H\D

yhke cfrbuhidths puih, bhrfkh H\D sfkmdrd

mdcuht mhrd zht-zht ghbhkhk yhke mdhgcdi mhrd

mhrhn dcu. Acht-achthk yhke mdbaksugsd dcu

oueh gfgpfkehrund buhidths mhk buhktdths

H\D. Gfkurut \aftodkdkesdn (8445) paih

ihbthsd mdpfkehrund aifn cfcfrhph nhi hkthrhihdk hmhihn pfrguihhk gfkyususd chyd, tfbkdb

gfkyusud, ihgh gfkyusud, jrfbwfksd

gfkyusud, pramubsd H\D mhk pfkefiuhrhk

H\D.= Vgur dcu oueh turut gfgpfkehrund

pfkfrhphk paih ihbthsd. Vgur dkd cfrbhdthk

frht mfkehk bakmdsd jdsdb mhk psdbaiaeds dcu.

Phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd ghyardths rfspakmfk

cfrugur hkthrh 36-


19/61

86

pfkfruskyh yhke nhrus mdrhwht mfkehk chdb

mhk cfkhr.

Bfsdgpuihk Mhk \hrhk

Cfrmhshrbhk nhsdi pfkfidtdhk yhke tfihn

mdihbshkhbhk, ghbh mhpht mdsdgpuihk chnwh

sfchedhk cfshr rfspakmfk mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd

gfgpukyhd tdkebht pfkefthnuhk yhke chdb

(:8,36%). nhi dkd mdpfkehrund aifn cfcfrhph

jhbtar hkthrh ihdk tdkebht pfkmdmdbhk

rfspakmfk yhke sfchedhk cfshr rfihtdj chdb

(=3% \I]H), chkyhb gfmdh dkjarghsd yhkegfkyhodbhk pfktdkekyh pfgcfrdhk H\D phmh

chyd shgphd usdh : cuihk, mhk jhbtar

idkebukehk sasdhi yhke gfgukebdkbhk

rfspakmfk gfkmhphtbhk dkjarghsd ifcdn

chkyhb, sfchedhk cfshr rfspakmfk

gfkfrhpbhk paih ihbthsd yhke cfkhr phmh

chydkyh shgphd usdh : cuihk (65,6%). Jhbtar

yhke gfkmubuke hkthrh ihdk tdkebht

pfkefthnuhk rfspakmfk tfkthke H\D yhke

sfchedhk cfshr chdb, jhbtar bfsfnhthk dcu,

nargakhi (praihbtdk mhk axytaldk), pfbfrohhk

dcu mhk jhbtar bfsfnhthk chyd mhk cfrmhshrbhk

nhsdi pfkfidtdhk dkd mdmhphtbhk hmhkyh

nucukehk hkthrh pfkefthnuhk dcu tfkthke H\D

mfkehk paih ihbthsd phmh chyd chru ihndr

shgphd usdh : cuihk. Jhbtar-jhbtar yhke

gfgpfkehrund hkthrh ihdk hmhihn tdkebht

pfkmdmdbhk rfspakmfk, pfbfrohhk, bakmdsd

jdsdb mhk psdbaiaeds dcu, jhbtar ghbhkhk mhk

acht-achthk yhke mdbaksugsd dcu, mhk jhbtar

ugur dcu.

Mdshrhkbhk nfkmhbkyh sfihiu gfkedbutd

dkjarghsd tfruthgh yhke cfrbhdthk mfkehk

pfktdkekyh pfgcfrdhk H\D phmh chyd shgphd

ugur : cuihk bhrfkh sfghbdk chkyhb

dkjarghsd yhke mdtfrdgh ghbh hbhk sfghbdk

tdkeed tdkebht pfkefthnuhkkyh tfkthke

pfktdkekyh H\D phmh chyd shgphd ugur :

cuihk, sfkhktdhsh gfkoheh bfsfnhthk dcu mhk

chyd sfrth cfrushnh gfkdkebhtbhk

pfkefthnuhk tfkthke H\D bhrfkh nhi dkd

gfgpfkehrund paih ihbthsd phmh chyd shgphd

ugur : cuihk, sfyaeyhkyh dcu yhke

gfgpukyhd chyd chru ihndr shgphd ugur :

cuihk sfkhktdhsh gfkhgchn pfkefthnuhkkyhgfihiud cfrchehd gfmdh yhke tfihn tfrsfmdh

tfkthke paih ihbthsd yhke chdb mhk cfkhr

uktub bfgumdhk mdtfrhpbhk mhihg bfndmuphk

sfnhrd-nhrd md mhihg gfgcfrdbhk H\D bfphmh

chydkyh.

Mhjthr Pusthbh

8. Pfrdkhsdh ( 844= ), Gfkyusud, Udta,

Ohbhrth

3.

Mfpbfs SD ( 8443 ), H\D mhk Shwht

Ehcuke, Mfpbfs SD, Ohbhrth


20/61

8:

HKHID\D\ JHB]AS SD\DBA BF]VCHK PFLHN MDKD MD SVHKE

CFS\HIDK S\VM mr. MASD\ \TIZHKV\ PHIHKEBH SHTH

Kaarnhkd Ghlnmht, Abthvdhkd, Sdyhktd

Ourushk Bfcdmhkhk Paitfbbfs Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh Shyh

Hcstrhlt.Chlberaukm? Hcaut trff nukmrfms hkm sfvfr lhsfs aj ghtfrkhi garthidty allur fhln yfhr.

Acofbtlvf? ]nds \tumy whs lakmultfm ta dkvfstdehtf tnf fjjflt aj ta tnf rdsb jhltar aj Prfghturf

Supturfaj Gfgcrhkfs dk Maltar Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh Naspdthi, lfktfr Bhidghkthk

Pravdklf, ta dkvfstdehtf dk wndln hef ds tnf gatnfr tnht edvfr h rdsb jhltar ak Prfghturf Supturf aj

Gfgcrhkfs, ta dkvfstdehtf tnf phrdty aj gatnfr, rdsb jhltar ak Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkfs, ta

dkvfstdehtf warb aj gatnfr rdsb jhltar ak Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkfs hkm dkvfstdehtf

prfekhkly lagpidlhtdak rdsb jhltar ak Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkfs.

Gftnam? ]nrds whs hk acsfrvhtdakhi stumy wdtn hk ukghtlnfm lhsf laktrai stumy mfsdek. ]nfsucoflts wfrf mdvdmfm dkta twa eraups, khgfiy tnf lhsf eraup laksdstdke aj gatnfrs nhvdke

mfidvfrfm wdtn Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkfs (808 lhsfs) hkm tnf laktrai eraup laksdstdke aj

gatnfrs nhvdke mfidvfrfm kak Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkfs (808 lhsfs). Lndsquhrf whs usfm

jar tnf nypatnfsds tfst wdtn p90.06 hkm LD 46%. ]nf hkhiysfs fgpiayfm cdvhrdhcif hkm

guitdvhrdhcif hkhiysfs.

Sfsuit? Uarb aj gatnfr nhm h sthtdstdlhiiy sdekdjdlhkt dklrfhsf ak tnf rdsb jhltar aj Prfghturf

Supturf aj Gfgcrhkfs (AS 7 8,62 LD 46% 0,6-=,=).Atnfr jhltars suln hs dklrfhsf ak tnf rdsb aj

Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkf.

Lakliusdke? Uarb aj gamnfr wdii dklrfhsf tnf rdsb jhltar aj Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkf wdtn

AS 7 8,6. Atnfr jhltar hjjfltdke lagpidlhtdak wdtn AS 7 =,3.

Bfywarms?Prfghturf Supturf aj Gfgcrhkf, rdsb jhltars

Pfkmhnuiuhk

Mhrd survfy mfgaerhjd bfsfnhthk Dkmakfsdh

(\MBD) 3003-300< hkebh bfghtdhk dcu hmhihn


21/61

85

chyd tfruthgh bfghtdhk pfrdkhthi yhke lubup

tdkeed dkd hkthrh ihdk mdsfchcbhk bhrfkh

bfghtdhk hbdcht burhke cuihk, mhk bfohmdhk

dkjfbsd yhke gfkdkebht bhrfkh phrtus thb

ghou, phrtus ihgh, mhk phrtus cuhthk yhke

sfrdke mdougphd phmh pfkefiaihhk bhsus

bftuchk pflhn mdkd tfruthgh phmh pfkefiaihhk

baksfrvhtdj. Dkjfbsd yhke sfrdke mdhihgd

hmhihn Dkjfbsd dktrhjhbtug, Dkjfbsd dkd

gfkehbdchtbhk sfihput ohkdk. Phmh bftuchk

pflhn : ohg, rfsdba dkjfbsd gfkdkebht 8 bhid.

Bftuchk pflhn 3= ohg, rfsdba dkjfbsdgfkdkebht 8 bhid. Bftuchk pflhn mdkd

gfruphbhk rfsdba tfrohmdkyh dkjfbsd dkphrtu.

Cfrmhshrbhk mhth yhke pfkuids mhphtbhk md

S\VM Mr. Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh

phmh thnuk 300: ougihn phsdfk 884: arhke

mhk tfrmhpht :6 bhsus bftuchk pflhn mdkd,

mfkehk pfrsfkthsf 6,=


22/61

8>

tfkheh bfsfnhthk tfrsfcut hmhihn M-3004

Zhrdhcfi Bhsus

k 7 808

Baktrai

k 7 808

Ougihn Bfnhgdihk

Gfhk (^) 3 3

Gfmdhk (Gm) 8 3

\thkmhrm Mfvdhtdak(\M)

8,: 3

Gdkdgug 8 8

Ghbsdgug 4 83

4,6% LD 8,53,= 8,53, 35

Gfmdhk (Gm) 35 3:\thkmhrm Mfvdhtdak(\M)

:,= 6,4

Gdkdgug 8> 8:

Ghbsdgug =6 =0

4,6% LD 3:,634,0 36,:35,4

]hcfi /3004Zhrdhcfi Bfohmdhk BPM ]athi P.vhiuf AS 46%LD Bft

Bhsus BaktraiK % K %

Vgur930 thnuk > >,> 80 80,6 8> 0,:45 8 - K\30- >6,5 >3 >:,< 8:0 0,534 0,>= 0,


24/61

30

BF\DGPVIHK MHK \HSHK

H.Bfsdgpuihk

Cfrmhshrbhk Pfkfidtdhk yhke tfihn

mdihbubhk md Suhke Bfcdmhkhk S\VM mr.

Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh, ghbh

mhpht mdhgcdi bfsdgpuihk sfchehd cfrdbut?

8. Ifcdn mhrd sfphrun (:>,


25/61

38

FJFB]DJD]H\ PFSVCHNHK PA\D\D ]DMVS ]FSNHMHP \H]VSH\D AB\DEFK

PH\DFK \]SABF D\BFGDB HBV] MD SVHKE N SVGHN \HBD] VGVG MHFSHN

mr.MASD\ \TIZHKV\ PHIHKEBH SHTH

Ehm Mhthb, Fstfr Dkuke \yivdh, Gdssfsh

Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh Shyh

Ohihk Efaref Ka.


26/61

33

mhrhn chdb bfgchid,4. \fihdk dtu, pfruchnhk pasdsd

tdmur tucun phsdfk mhpht gfkeaptdghibhk rhsda

vfktdihsd mhk pfrjusd, gfkdkebhtbhk pfguidnhk

hkeeath chmhk, gfklfehn baktrhbtur mhk

gamuihsd bfbuhthk atat80

. Pfruchnhk pasdsd

tdmur tucun phsdfk oueh tfihn mdtfrdgh md mhihg

pfkefiaihhk ghshihn pfrkhphshk mfkehk

pfrcfmhhk md ifvfi absdefk hrtfrd yhke

tfrdmfktdjdbhsd gfihiud pfruchnhk pasdsd 6.

Cfrmhshrbhk pfkofihshk ghkjhht pfkfidtdhk

sfcfiugkyh tfkthke pfruchnhk pasdsd tdmurtfrnhmhp pfkdkebhthk kdihd shturhsd absdefk mhk

mfkehk gfgpfrtdgchkehk chnwh pfruchnhk

pasdsd cfrchrdke tucun gfruphbhk dktfrvfksd

bfpfrhwhthk ghkmdrd sfrth gumhn mdihbubhk,

ghbh hbhk mdihbubhk pfkfidtdhk tfkthke

fjfbtdjdths pfruchnhk pasdsd tdmur (pasdtdakdke)

tfrnhmhp shturhsd absdefk phsdfk strabf dsbfgdb

hbut md Suhke N Sughn \hbdt Vgug Mhfrhn

(S\VM) Mr. Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh Shyh.

Gftamf

Mfshdk yhke mdeukhbhk mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd

hmhihn quhsd fbspfrdgfk mfkehk pfkmfbhthk

prf-past tfst laktrai mfsdek wdtn laktrai eraup,

mdghkh mfshdk dkd gfihbubhk tdkmhbhk phmh

muh hthu ifcdn bfiagpab yhke hbhk mdacsfrvhsd

sfcfiug mhk sfsumhn mdihbubhk tdkmhbhk 88,83.

Bfiagpab dktfrvfksd mdihbubhk pfruchnhk

pasdsd tdmur sftdhp 8 ohg, sfmhkebhk bfiagpab

baktrai mdihbubhk pfruchnhk pasdsd sftdhp 3

ohg yhke bfgumdhk mdubur shturhsd absdefk

sfcfiug mhk sfsumhn tdkmhbhk.Papuihsd hmhihn

sfiurun phsdfk strabf yhke md rhwht md ruhke

kfuraiaed S\VM Mr. Mards \yivhkus Phihkebh

Shyh mfkehk tfbkdb shgpidke yhke mdeukhbhk

mhihg pfkfidtdhk dkd hmhihn laksflutdvf

shgpidke, mdghkh sfguh sucofb pfkfidtdhk

yhke mhthke mhk gfgfkund brdtfrdh pfgdidnhk

md ghsubbhk bf pfkfidthk shgphd chths

whbtukyh tfrpfkund8


27/61

3

3. Gdslchn,O. \trabf hspfb

mdhekastdb,phtajdsdaiaed, ghkhefgfk ?8444

Kapfgcfr 3>) Hvhdihcif

jrag?nttp?//praqufst.ugd.lag/pqmwfc.

:. Fidzhcftn,O.,\dkehrhyhr,O.,Fiiui,O.,Chrfr,M.,

& Iyf.,G. Hrtfrdhi axyefk shturhtdak hkm

pasturf dk hlutf strabf. Hrlndvfs(akidkf)
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdwebhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdwebhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdwebhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb


30/61

3:

8443 (Ldtfm 300> Kapfgcfr 34) Hvhdihcif

jrag?nttp?//hefdke.axjarmoaurkhis.are/.

5. Sajjf,L.,\diis,\,Udimf,B.,& Lragf,P.

Fjjflt aj nfgdphrftdl strabf ak puisfaxdgftry rfhmdkes ak tnf hjjfltfm sdmf.

Hrlndvfs(akidkf) 3008 (Ldtfm 300>

Kapfgcfr 34) Hvhdihcif

jrag?nttp?//strabf.hnhoaurkhis.are/.

>. Sawht ,H.G.,Uhrmihw,O.G,.Mfkkds,G.\.,&

Uhriaw,L.P.(3008). Phtdfkt pasdtdakdke

dkjiufklfs axyefk shturhtdak dk tnf hlutf

pnhsf aj strabf. Hrlndvfs(akidkf) 3008

(Ldtfm 300> Kapfgcfr 34) Hvhdihcif jrag

nttp?//laktfkt.bhrefr.lag/PramubtfMC1.

4. Phke, Oh, Tfuke ZJ], & _nhke TE.

(84>>), Ma pasturhi lnhkefs hjjflt ehs

fxlnhkef dk hlutf nfgdpifedh.

Hrlndvfs(akidkf) 844> (Ldtfm 300>

Kapfgcfr 34) Hvhdihcif jrag

nttp?//praqufst.ugd.lag/pqmwfc.

80.]ysak., \.J & Kdetndkehif,P, ]nf fjjflt aj

pasdtdak ak axyefk shturhtdak dk hlutfstrabf ? h systfgdl rfvdfw.Hrlndvfs(akidkf)

(Ldtfm 300> Kapfgcfr 34) Hvhdihcif jrag

nttp?//praqufst.ugd.lag/pqmwfc, m

88.Mfgpsfy, P, H., & Mfgpsfy, H,M.Kursdke

rfsfhrln tfxt hkm warbcaab. V\H?Idttf,

Crawk?844:

83.Paidt, C & Nukeifr. Fssfktdhis aj kursdke

rfsfhrln, 6 tn fmdtdak. Pndihmfipndh?

Idppdklat Udiidhg & Udibdks?3008

8.

Prdlf,\, & Udisak, I.G. Phtnapnysdaiaey ?Lidkdlhi laklfpts aj mdsfhsf pralfss.

\t.Iauds ? Gascy yfhr caab dkl? 3003

84.Sawht,H.G.,Uhrmihw,O.G, & Mfkkds,G.\.)

Nypaxhfgdh dk hlutf strabf ds jrfqufkt hkm

warsfks. Hrlndvfs(akidkf) 300: (Ldtfm

300> Kapfgcfr 34) Hvhdihcif jrag

nttp?//laktfkt.bhrefr.lag/PramubtfMC1.
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/http://stroke.ahajournals.org/http://stroke.ahajournals.org/http://stroke.ahajournals.org/http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB?http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB?http://proquest.umi.com/pqdwebhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdwebhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb.%20Diunduh%2029%20Nopember%202008http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb.%20Diunduh%2029%20Nopember%202008http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB?http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB?http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB?http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb.%20Diunduh%2029%20Nopember%202008http://proquest.umi.com/pqdwebhttp://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB?http://stroke.ahajournals.org/http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/


31/61

35

EHGCHSHK BFIFKEBHPHK MABVGFK]H\D

H\VNHK BFPFSHUH]HK MD SVGHN \HBD]

MHFSHN VGVG mr. MASD\ \TIZHKV\

PHIHKEBHSHTH

Chrta Ghksyhn, Kdth ]nfrfsdh, Jfty Shnghwhtd

Masfk Ourushk Bfpfrhwhthk Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh Shyh

Hcstrhlt.Kursdke lhrf aj fifgfkt aj hbukcdidths gfhkdke tnht kursf lhk oustdjy edvfk kursdke lhrf.

Kursf rfspaksdcdidty dk edvdke kursdke lhrf sffk ht malugfkthtdak kursdke lhrf pralfss wndln nhvf

edvfk. Malugfkthtdak kursdke lhrf ds dgparthkt fifgfk dk kursdke lhrf cflhusf lagpiftf

malugfkthtdak hkm hllurhtf lhk edvf saiutdak h pracifg dk lidfk. Dj tnf malugfkthtdak kat hllurhtf

lhk mflrfhsf kursdke lhrf quhidty. Lagpiftf malugfkthtdak lhk dkjiufklf cy fmulhtdak, warbsnap,

warb jar iake tdgf, jhldidtdfs hkm tdgf. Jdrst stumy dk Mr. Mards \yivhkus Naspdthi whs jdkm tnht

quhidty aj malugfkthtdak kursdke lhrf stdii iaw. Iawfr quhidty aj malugfkthtdak kursdke lhrf lhk

wfhbkfss tnf huktnfktdl praaj wndln awkfm cy kursf ta edvf kursdke lhrf ta lidfkt.

]nds rfsfhrln threft ds ta bkaw fifgfkts tnht lhk dkjiufklf tnf lagpiftfm malugfkthtdak kursdkelhrf. Sfsfhrln typf ds mfslrdptdak quhidthtdvf wdtn lrass sfltdakhi, shgpif aj tnds rfsfhrln ds kursf

hkm lidfk malugfkt. ]nf dkstrugfkt ta bkaw fifgfkts tnht dkjiufklf tnf lagpiftfm malugfkthtdak

kursdke lhrf ds Dkstrugfk Fvhiuhsd Pfkfrhphk \thkmhr Hsunhk Bfpfrhwhthk jrag Mfphrtfgfk

Bfsfnhthk Sfpucidb Dkmakfsdh.

Sfsfhrln rfsuit whs jdkm fifgfkts tnht dkjiufklf tnf lagpiftfm malugfkthtdak kursdke lhrf. ]nf

lakliusdak aj tnds rfsfhrln ds fifgfkts tnht dkjiufklf tnf lagpiftfm malugfkthtdak kursdke lhrf aj

Mr. Mards \yivhkus naspdthi Phihkebhrhyh ds fmulhtdak, warbsnap, warb jar iake tdgf, jhldidtdfs

hkm tdgf.

Bfywarm?Kursdke Malugfkthtdak

Pfkmhnuiuhk

Mabugfkthsd hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk gfruphbhk

chedhk pfktdke mhihg prasfs bfpfrhwhthk

whnhkh mhk shrhkh bagukdbhsd mhihg tdg

bfsfnhthk mdrughn shbdt, nhi dkd sfohihk

mfkehk bfghouhk digu mhk tfbkaiaed sfrth

gfkdkebhtkyh tuktuthk ghsyhrhbht tfrnhmhp

pfihyhkhk bfsfnhthk. \hihn shtu uphyh mhihg

gfgcfrdbhk pfihyhkhk bfpfrhwhthk yhke

cfrthkeeuke ohwhc mhk cfrthkeeuke eueht

mhk mdtfgpun mfkehk tfrsfifkeehrhkyh

bfedhthk pfklhththk mhk pfihparhk yhke chdb

mhk cfkhr. Mabugfkthsd hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk

gfgfehke pfrhkhk pfktdke tfrnhmhp sfehih

ghlhg tuktuthk mhihg pfihbshkhhk prasfs

bfpfrhwhthk, sfndkeeh suhtu yhke gutihb

yhke nhrus hmh uktub pfrbfgchkehk

bfpfrhwhthk mhk gfruphbhk shihn shtu cfktub

uphyh gfgcdkh mhk gfgpfrthnhkbhk

hbukthcdidths pfrhwht.8

GfkurutKurshihg,3Mabugfkthsd bfpfrhwhthk

gfgpukyhd ghbkh yhke pfktdke cdih mdidnht

mhrd cfrchehd hspfb, yhdtu hspfb nubug,

ohgdkhk gutu, bagukdbhsd, bfuhkehk,

pfkmdmdbhk, mhk pfkfidtdhk. Lhththk dkjarghsd

tfkthke bidfk gfruphbhk mabugfkthsd rfsgd

mhk cfrkdihd nubug. Mabugfkthsd

bfpfrhwhthk mhpht mdeukhbhk sfchehd chrhke

cubtd mdpfkehmdihk. Aifn bhrfkh dtu mhth-mhth


32/61

3>

nhrus mddmfktdjdbhsd sflhrh ifkebhp, ofihs, mhk

acyfbtdj. Mabugfkthsd bfpfrhwhthk yhke

chdb gfgcfrd bfgumhnhk ched pfrhwht mhihg

gfgchktu gfkyfifshdbhk ghshihn bidfk. Nhi

dkd hbhk gfgchktu gfkdkebhtbhk gutu

pfihyhkhk bfpfrhwhthk. Mabugfkthsd

bfpfrhwhthk hbhk gfkohmd hiht bagukdbhsd

pfrhwht mhk pftuehs bfsfnhthk ihdkkyh

sfchehd pfmaghk mhihg gfgcfrdbhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk. Mabugfkthsd mhpht cfrkdihd

bfuhkehk bhrfkh sfguh tdkmhbhk bfpfrhwhthk

yhke cfiug, sfmhke mhk tfihn mdcfrdbhkmdlhtht mhk mhpht mdeukhbhk sfchehd

pfrndtukehk mhihg pfrndtukehk pfgcdhyhhk.

Mabugfkthsd gfgpukyhd kdihd pfkmdmdbhk,

bhrfkh gfguht brakaiaeds mhrd bfedhthk

hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk yhke mhpht mdohmdbhk

rfjfrfksd pfgcfihohrhk ched sdswh hthu prajfsd

bfpfrhwhthk. \fihdk dtu mhth yhke tfrmhpht

mhihg mabugfkthsd bfpfrhwhthk gfkehkmuke

dkjarghsd yhke mhpht mdohmdbhk chnhk hthu

acyfb pfkfidtdhk ched pfkefgchkehk

bfpfrhwhthk. Gfkurut Jdschln,< pfrhwht

gfgfriubhk suhtu bftfrhgpdihk uktub mhpht

gfgfkund sthkmhr mabugfkthsd yhke

sfsuhd.Mfphrtfgfk bfsfnhthk SD gfgcfrdbhk

phrhgftfr gutu mabugfkthsd bfpfrhwhthk

phmh sftdhp thnhp prasfs pfrhwhthk.]hnhp

pfkebhodhk bfpfrhwhthk2 pfrhwht gfklhtht

mhth yhke mdbhod sfsuhd mfkehk pfmaghk

pfkebhodhk, mhth mdbfiagpabhk (cda-psdba-

sasda-spdrdtuhi), mhth mdbhod sfohb phsdfk

ghsub shgphd puihke, mhk ghshihn

mdrugusbhk.=

Cfrmhshrbhk bfsfkohkehk hkthrh sthtus

bfsfnhthk mfkehk kargh mhk paih jukesd

bfndmuphk. ]hnhp mdhekash bfpfrhwhthk2

mdhekash bfpfrhwhthk cfrmhshrbhk ghshihn

yhke tfihn mdrugusbhk, mdhekash bfpfrhwhthk

gfklfrgdkbhk PF/PF\, gfrugusbhk

mdhekash bfpfrhwhthk hbtuhi/patfksdhi. ]hnhp

rfklhkh bfpfrhwhthk2 cfrmhshrbhk mdhekash

bfpfrhwhthk, mdsusuk gfkurut uruthk

prdardths, rugushk tuouhk gfkehkmuke

bagpakfk sucyfb, pfruchnhk pfrdihbu,

bakmdsd phsdfk mhk hthu brdtfrdh, rfklhkhtdkmhbhk gfkehlu phmh tuouhk mfkehk bhidght

pfrdkthn, tfrdkld mhk ofihs mhk hthu gfidchtbhk

phsdfk/bfiuhreh, rfklhkh tdkmhbhk

gfkeehgchrbhk bfrohshgh mfkehk tdg

bfsfnthkhk ihdk. ]hnhp tdkmhbhk bfpfrhwhthk2

tdkmhbhk mdihbshkhbhk gfkehlu phmh rfklhkh

bfpfrhwhthk, pfrhwht gfkeacsfrvhsd rfspak

phsdfk tfrnhmhp tdkmhbhk bfpfrhwhthk, rfvdsd

tdkmhbhk cfrmhshrbhk nhsdi fvhiuhsd, sfguh

tdkmhbhk yhke tfihn mdihbshkhbhk mdlhtht mhk

nhsdi fvhiuhsd mdlhtht.

Bfedhthk pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk shht dkd ghsdn chkyhb gfkfgud

bfsuidthk. Bfkmhih dkd mdsfchcbhk aifn

chkyhbkyh vhrdhsd jarght mabugfkthsd

sfndkeeh sthj pfrhwht gfkehihgd bfsuidthk

mhk prasfs mabugfkthsd gfgfriubhk chkyhb

whbtu yhdtu sfbdthr


33/61

34

uktub hbrfmdthsd mhk mabugfkthsd hsunhk

tdmhb mdeukhbhk sftfihn mdcuht.

Ihyhkhk bfpfrhwhthk hmhihn uhke cfrcfktub

prajfssdakhi. Ghbsum mhrd ihyhkhk

prajfssdakhi hmhihn suhtu pfihyhkhk mdghkh

mhihg pfihbshkhhkkyh cfrmhshrbhk hths

sthkmhrsthkmhr yhke tfihn mdtfthpbhk. Thke

mdghbsum sthkmhr hmhihn pfmaghk pfbfrohhk

hehr mhpht cfrnhsdi mhk cfrgutu, aifn bhrfkh

dtu hehr mhpht gfgcfrdbhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk mhpht cfrnhsdi mhk cfrgutu

tdkeed pfrhwht nhrus cfbfroh sfsuhd mfkehksthkmhr sthkmhr yhke tfihn mdtfthpbhk

sfchehd pfmaghk bfroh.

\thkmhr hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk gfruphbhk

pfmaghk bfroh ched pfrhwht mhihg

gfgcfrdbhk hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk bfphmh

phsdfk, aifn bhrfkh dtu pfkdihdhk hthu

pfkeuburhk gutu mhrd hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk

yhke tfihn mdihbubhk aifn pfrhwht mhpht

mdbfthnud mhrd cfrhph cfshr sthkmhr yhke tfihn

mdihbshkhbhk. Vktub gfkoheh gutu pfihyhkhk

hehr mhpht cfrgutu tdkeed, Bfgfktfrdhk

Bfsfnhthk Sfpucidb Dkmakfsdh tfihn

gfkefiuhrbhk sthkmhr bfpfrhwhthk yhke

tfrmdrd mhrd fkhg bagpakfk, yhdtu ? 8) \thkmhr

D, Pfkebhodhk bfpfrhwhthk 2 3) \thkmhr DD,

Mdhekasds Bfpfrhwhthk2 - 8 8

=0

=0

6Fvhiuhsd

bfpfrhwhthk3 86 85

6:,:

:Lhththk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk= 86 84


35/61


36/61

,>: %

5,:< %),

sfmhkehbhk ihbd-ihbd hmh 83 rfspakmfk

(>5,: rfspakmfk

(3>,>: %) mfkehk ihgh bfroh ifcdn mhrd 80

thnuk mhk 8: rfspakmfk (8:,60 %) mfkehk

ihgh bfroh 680 thnuk.

Bhrhbtfrdstdb rfspakmfk gfkurut ugur,

sfchedhk cfshr cfrugur burhke mhrd 3 %) sfmhkebhk

yhke cfrugur ifcdn mhrd 3 >=,6= %

3 \fmhke 86 86,=: %

< Burhke 0 -]athi 45 800 %

\ugcfr? Mhth Prdgfr

Cfrmhshrbhk thcfi md hths mhpht mdbfthnud

chnwh sfchedhk cfshr jhbtar-jhbtar yhke

gfgpfkehrund bfifkebhphk

pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk bfpfrhwhthk

hmhihn chdb yhke mdtukoubbhk hmh >3 pfrhwht

(>=,6= %) mhk hmh sfbdthr 86 pfrhwht (86,=:

%) yhke gfkyhthbhk jhsdidths yhke cfrhmh md


37/61

> 40,53 %

3 \fmhke 5 5,33 %

< Burhke 3 3,0: %

]athi 45 800 %\ugcfr? Mhth Prdgfr

Cfrmhshrbhk thcfi md hths mhpht mdbfthnud

chnwh sfchedhk cfshr gatdvhsd pfrhwht

hmhihn chdb yhke mdtukoubbhk hmh >> pfrhwht

(40,53 %). Gatdvhsd bhtfeard sfmhke hmh 5

pfrhwht (5,33 %), sfmhkebhk gatdvhsd

bhtfeard burhke hmh 3 pfrhwht (3,0: %).

6 800 % 0 0 %

Shth-rhth < 3:,45%

\ugcfr? Mhth Prdgfr

Mhrd thcfi md hths mhpht mdidnht chnwh nhsdi

pfkebhodhk yhke mdihbshkhbhk hmh 8< (44,64 %),

fvhiuhsd bfpfrhwhthk hmh 84= (800 %) mhk

lhththk bfpfrhwhthk =>6 (800 %).

=. Mdstrdcusd Bfifkebhphk Mabugfkthsd

Hsunhk Bfpfrhwhthk

]hcfi 5.Mdstrdcusd Bfifkebhphk

Mabugfkthsd Hsunhk Bfpfrhwhthkmd

Suhke H, C, M, F, J, E, DLV, DLLV mhk

ZDP Sughn \hbdt Mr. Mards \yivhkusPhihkebhrhyh Cuihk \fptfgcfr 3080

Ka

Mabugfkthsd

Hsunhk

Bfpfrhwhthk

Jrfbufksd Prasfkthsf

8 Chdb :5 :4,05 %

3 Lubup


38/61

.Ehgchrhk Bfifkebhphk Pfkmabugfkthsdhk Gfkurut Bhrhbtfrdstdb Sfspakmfk md

Suhke md Suhke H, C, M, F, J, E, DLV, DLLV mhk ZDP Sughn \hbdt Mr. Mards \yivhkus

Phihkebhrhyh Cuihk \fptfgcfr 3080

Ka Bhrhbtfrdstdb Sfspakmfk

Bfifkebhphk Pfkmabugfkthsdhk

]athi PrasfkthsfChdb Lubup Burhke ]dmhb

Hmh8 Ofkds Bfihgdk?

Ihbd-ihbd

Pfrfgpuhk

6 (6,86 %)

:3 (: %)

83 (83,,>: %

< Vgur?

(8>,6: %)

0

54 (>8,== %)

-

-

-

-

0

45

0

800 %

6 Pfkmdmdbhk, Pfihtdnhk,

Ghkhofgfk, \hrhkh mhk Uhbtu?

Chdb

\fmhke

Burhke

(>,36 %)

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

>3

86

0

>=,6= %

86,:= %

0

: Gatdvhsd?

Chdb

\fmhke

Burhke

6< (6=,:= %)

8 (8,0< %)0

53

40,53 %

5,33 %3,0: %

Mhrd thcfi md hths khgphb chnwh pfrhwht

yhke gfihbubhk pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk mfkehk chdb hmhihn cfrofkds

bfihgdk pfrfgpuhk yhdtu hmh :3 rfspakmfk

(: chnwh pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk ifcdn ifkebhp pfrfgpuhk

mhrdphmh ihbd-ihbd.

Mhrd thcfi md hths khgphb chnwh pfrhwht

yhke gfihbubhk pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk mfkehk chdb hmhihn cfrofkds

bfihgdk pfrfgpuhk yhdtu hmh :3 rfspakmfk

(: chnwh pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk ifcdn ifkebhp pfrfgpuhk

mhrdphmh ihbd-ihbd.


39/61


40/61


41/61

5,:< %).

3.

Bhrhbtfrdstdb rfspakmfk gfkurut ihgh

bfroh, hmh 6< rfspakmfk ( 6=,:=%)

mfkehk ihgh bfroh burhke mhrd 6

thnuk, 3> rfspakmfk (3>,>: %) mfkehk

ihgh bfroh ifcdn mhrd 80 thnuk mhk 8:

rfspakmfk (8:,60 %) mfkehk ihgh

bfroh 680 thnuk.


42/61

=,6= %).

:. \fchedhk cfshr gatdvhsd pfrhwht

hmhihn chdb yhke mdtukoubbhk hmh >>

pfrhwht (40,53 %).

5. Bfifkebhphk mabugfkthsd hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk mhrd pfkebhodhk,

mdhekash, pfrfklhkhhk, pfihbshkhhk,

fvhiuhsd mhk lhththk bfpfrhwhthk

yhdtu cfrbhtfeard chdb hmh :5 rfbhg

gfmdb bidfk (:4,05 %).

C. \hrhk

Mhrd pfkfidtdhk yhke pfkfidtd ihbubhk,

uktub pfkefgchkehk bfpfrhwhthk hmh

cfcfrhph nhi yhke mhpht pfkfidtd shrhkbhk

ched?

8. Sughn \hbdt Mr. Mards \yivhkus

bnususkyh cdmhke bfpfrhwhthk hehr

gfkehmhbhk supfrvdsd bfedhthk

pfkmabugfkthsdhk sflhrh rutdk

ghupuk pfrdamdb mhk pfihtdnhk ched

pfrhwht hths pfkmabugfkthsdhk yhke

chdb sfsuhd mfkehk threft rughn shbdt.

3.

Ched digu bfpfrhwhthk, pfriu

gamdjdbhsd jarght-jarght

pfkmabugfkthsdhk sfmfgdbdhk ruph

sfndkeeh gfgpfrgumhn mhk

gfkenfght whbtu mhihg

pfkmabugfkthsdhk hsunhk

bfpfrhwhthk.


43/61

tn fm. Pndihmfipndh? Idppdklatt2

3000

:.

Hrdbukta \. Ghkhofgfk Pfkfidtdhk.

Ohbhrth? P]. Sdkfbf Ldpth2 844>

5. Vthgd D. Jhbtar-jhbtar Thke

Gfgpfkehrund Pfihbshkhhk

Pfkmabugfkthsdhk Hsunhk Bfpfrhwhthk

md ruhke Pfrhwhthk mfkehk Kdihd

Pfkfrhphk \HB Sfkmhn Drkh D S\VP Mr.

\hrmodta Taeyhbhrth. Taeyhbhrth? P\DBJB-VEG2 3003

>. Dyfr PU, ]hptdln CO, Cfralnd-Iasfy M.

Kursdke Pralfss hkm Kursdke Mdhekasds.

Pndihmfipndh ? U. C. \hukmfrs Lagphky2

844:

4. Mfphrtfgfk Bfsfnhthk SD. Dkstrugfk

Fvhiuhsd Pfkfrhphk Fstkmhr Hsbfp md

S\. Ohbhrth2 8445

80. Hmdtyhwhrghk. Nucukehk Gatdvhsd mhk

Pfkefthnuhk Pfrhwht mfkehk Gutu

Mabugfkthsd Bfpfrhwhthk md S\V PBV

Gunhgghmdyhn. Taeyhbhrth? P\DB

VGT2 3003


44/61

=0

Jhbtar Mftfrgdkhk Ndpfrtfksd md Bhsakehk, Bhcuphtfk Bhtdkehk,

Bhidghkthk ]fkehn

Nypfrtfksdak Mftfrgdkhkt dk Bhsakehk, Bhtdkehk Mdstrdl,Lfktrhi Bhidghkthk

\hktny B. \hgufi, Zdssdh Mdmdk, Hdmh

Ourushk Bfpfrhwhthk Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Phihkebh Shyh

HcstrhltNypfrtfksdak ds hk dgparthkt rdsb jhltar jar lhrmdavhsluihr hkm lfrfcravhsluihr mdsfhsf. ]nf

prfvhifklf aj nypfrtfksdak dk Dkmakfsdh tfkms ta dklrfhsf, sa dt snauim cf hktdldphtfm hs fhriy

hs passdcif. Chsfm ak Sdsbfsmhs 3005 survfy jaukm tnht tnf prfvhifklf aj nypfrtfksdak dk

Lfktrhi Bhidghkthk Pravdklf ds kugcfr >. ]nf prfvhifklf aj nypfrtfksdak dk Lfktrhi

Bhidghkthk fxlffm tnf khtdakhi hvfrhef aj garf tnhk ), DD (844


45/61

=8

phmh thnuk 8444 gfkfthpbhk lut ajj padkt

ndpfrtfksd 8=0/40 ggNe


46/61

=3

baksugsd mhedke gfifcdnd < bhid sfgdkeeu

mhk baksugsd tfiar gfihiud < bhid

sfgdkeeu. Mhrd bhrhbtfrdstdb rfspakmfk

tfrsfcut mdmhphtbhk =6,4% rfspakmfk

gfkebaksugsd tdkeed ifghb mhk 6=,0 %

rfspakmfk tfihn gfihbubhk mdft rfkmhnifghb. Hbtdjdths jdsdb mhk aihn rheh

rfspakmfk mdubur mfkehk gfidnht bfedhthk

aihn rheh yhke mdihbubhk rfspakmfk mhihg

shtu gdkeeu sfrth bfedhthk jdsdb sfmhke

shgphd cfrht, rhth-rhth mdihbubhk sfihgh

30 gfkdt sftdhp hbtdjdths. Mhrd nhsdi

pfkfidtdhk dkd mdmhphtbhk chnwh ::.8 %

rfspakmfk tfihn gfihbubhk hbtdjdths jdsdb

hbtdj, sfmhkebhk -< phmh 46 % LD

0,456- 8,>35. Sfspakmfk yhke tdmhb

cfraihn rheh hthu burhke gfihbubhk

hbtdjdths jdsdb oueh tdmhb gfgpukyhdnucukehk yhke cfrghbkh mfkehk bfohmdhk

ndpfrtfksd p 7 =,88= mfkehk 46 % LD 0,435. Sfspakmfk yhke acfsdths

gfgpukyhd rdsdb0gfkmfrdth ndpfrtfksd

sfcfshr 3,3< bhid mdchkmdke rfsphkmfk

yhke tdmhb acfsdths kdihd p

70,000 ( 46 % Li 8,:0< - bhid uktub

gfkmfrdth ndpfrtfksd mdschkmdke rfspakmfk

yhke tdmhb strfss p 7 0,000 ( 46 % Li, i,

4 - 3,>


47/61

=4 ,> 6 800

Ougihn 8


49/61

=6

]hcfi =: 8 0.000

BfiQugur

(66-64 tnk)

8.>4 =0.68= 8 0.000 :.3>> = 0..03 8=.856 8 0.000 8.4>= 8.4 3.>0= 0.8:4 33.6=> 8 0.000 3.3 %. \fchehdghkh yhke tfihn

mdofihsbhk mhihg ththihbshkh ndpfrtfksd,

chnwh tfrmhpht muh ghlhg mhihg

ththihbshkh pfkmfrdth ndpfrtfksd yhbkd

gfihiud gamdjdbhsd ehyh ndmup mhk gfihiud

pfgcfrdhk acht hktd ndpfrtfksd Pfkmfrdth

phmh jhsf ndpfrtfksd rdkehk mhpht

mddktfrvfksd gfihiud gamdjdbhsd ehyhndmup=. Gfidnht prfvhifksd tfrcfshr md

Bfiurhnhk Bhsakehk Ihgh mhk Chru

hmhihn pfkmfrdth mfkehk ndpfrtfksd rdkehk,

ghbh prdardths uthgh dktfrvfksd hbhk ifcdn

tfpht hphcdih mdtuoubhk bfphmh uphyh

gamdjdbhsd ehyh ndmup.

Baksugsd Dbhk Hsdk, Uhmd, mhk

]fgpuyhb mhk Nucukehkkyh mfkehk

NdpfrtfksdPhmh pfkfidtdhk dkd mhpht mdcubtdbhk

nucukehk hkthrh dbhk hsdk, whmd, mhktfgpuyhb mfkehk bfohmdhk ndpfrtfksd. Nhi


50/61

=:

dkd gukebdk shoh mdsfchcbhk bhrfkh

bfcdhshhk ghbhk ghsyhrhbht hmhihn

baksugsd dbhk hsdk, whmd, mhk tfgpuyhb.

Bfcdhshhk ghsyhrhbht md shkh yhke

gfkyhkyhkebhk ghbhkhk uktub mdcuhke

sfndkeeh ghbhkhk yhke tdmhb tfrghbhkmdaihn mfkehk lhrh mdhwftbhk. Ghbhkhk

yhke mdhwftbhk tfrsfcut yhdtu dbhk hsdk,

whmd, mhk tfgpuyhb. Uhmd gfruphbhk

ghbhkhk yhke mdaihn ihed yhke cfrhshi

mhrd dbhk mhk mhedke. \fmhkebhk tfgpuyhb

hmhihn ghbhkhk yhke cfrchnhk mhshr

murdhk yhke mdjfrgfkthsd. Pfkeuburhk

bfcdhshhk ghbhk dkd hmhihn mfkehk lhrh

gfkhkyhbhk bfcdhshhk ghbhk rfspakmfk

sfihgh sfgdkeeu tfrhbndr.Mdft ndstarymhk

jaam jrfqufkly tfruthgh mdphbhd uktubpfkeuburhk baksugsd ghbhk sfsfarhke

sflhrh buhidthtdj. Pfkfidtdhk fpdmfgdaiaeds

cdhshkyh gfghbhd sflhrh dkd mfkehk

tuouhk gfidnht nucukehk baksugsd

ghbhkhk mhihg ohkebh whbtu ihgh mfkehk

bfohmdhk pfkyhbdt. Nhi dkd mdmhshrbhk phmh

ndpatfsh chnwh ougihn baksugsd ghbhkhk

phmh ghsh ihiu cdih mdbhdtbhk mfkehk

rfsdba shbdt ifcdn pfktdke mhrd hph yhke

mdghbhk shht dkd6 lhrh dkd shht dkd ohrhke

mdphbhd. Pfkeuburhk baksugsd ghbhkhk

sfsfarhke tdmhbihn gumhn, khguk hmh =

gftamh yhke mhpht mdphbhd mhihg

gfkfktubhk mdft pfrarhkehk yhdtu rflhii

3= ohg, rflarm


51/61

=5

kdihd p 7 0,000 mhk LD 46% 8,:=< -


52/61

=>

sfcfshr 3. Bhrfkh

ghsdn rfkmhnkyh prasfkthsf ghsyhrhbht

yhke gfkohihkd pfkeachthk ndpfrtfksd

sflhrh tfrhtur, ghbh pfriu mdihbubhk

pfkfidtdhk tfkthke nhi tfrsfcut. Bftfrhturhk

cfracht hbhk cfrmhgphb mhihg

gfkurukbhk hbdcht yhke ifcdn ihkout mhrd

ndpfrtfksd sfpfrtd bflhlhthk mhk bfghtdhk

hbdcht strabf mhk ohktuke barakfr

Mhjthr Pusthbh

8. \fmyhkdkesdn, Fkmhke 3080,

Ndpfrtfksd Pfkyfchc Bfghtdhk kagar]deh, mdshgphdbhk phmh ]nf =tn

\ldfktdjdl Gfftdke ak Nypfrtfksdak,md

Ohbhrth 8< Jfcruhrd 3080.

3. LML 3003, \thtf \pfsdjdl Garthidty

jrag \trabf hkm Mdstrdcutdak aj Pihlf

aj Mfhtn Vkdtfm \thtfs, 8444,

GGUS, 68 (30)? =34.


53/61

=4

Dkmakfsdh, mdshgphdbhk phmh sfgdkhr

Ndpfrtfksd PFSBD.

=. Ghksour H. ft hi. 8444, Bhpdth \fifbth

Bfmabtfrhk, Ohbhrth.

6.

Ohihi, J.Gundihd mhk Nhrmdhksyhn844>, Hkebh Bflubuphk Edzd yhke

mdhkourbhk. Mhihg? Udmyhbhryh

Phkehk mhk Edzd ZD, 844>, Puspdtfb.

:. Bhpihk K.G. 300:, Lidkdlhi

Nypfrtfksdak, 4tnfmdtdak, Idppdklatt.

5. Ihrhen, Oank N. Hkm Crfkkfr Chrry

G. 8444, Nypfrtfksdak,

Pnhtajdsaiaey,Praekasds hkm

Ghkhefgfkt, Zaiugf Akf, Shvfk

Prfss.

>.

Ghrhkna 300>, \htu ArhkeBfefgubhk tfrhklhg \trabf mhk

Pfkyhbdt Ohktuke, Gfmdh Dkmakfsdh

RakidkfW, mdukmun mhrd

nttp?//www.acfsdths.wfc.dm, mdhbsfs

thkeehi > oukd 300>.

4. Crataprhwdra 8444, Prfvhifksd

Ndpfrtfksd phmh Bhryhwhk \hihn \htu

CVGK yhke Gfkohihkd Pfgfrdbshhk

Bfsfnhthk, Bfiagpab Bfroh \frcra

Zhsbuihr JB Vkphm/S\N\,

mdshgphdbhk phmh sfgdkhr ndpfrtfksdPFSBD.

80.Chsubd C mhk \ftdhkta, C, 3000, Hef

Camy Pasturf, Mhyid Uarbdke Iahm,

Phst Hktdnypfrtfksdvf mrues hkm Sdsb

aj Nypfrtfksdak? H Surhi Dkmakfsdh

\tumy.

88.

Gulnthr mhk Jfkdmh 844>, Jhbtar-

Jhbtar yhke Cfrnucukehk mfkehk

Nypfrtfksd ]dmhb ]frbfkmhid phmh

Pfkmfrdth Ndpfrtfksd Sdkehk mhK

\fmhke yhke Cfracht md Paid EdkohiNdpfrtfksd.

83.Bhpihk K.G. 300:, Lidkdlhi

Nypfrtfksdak, 4tnfmdtdak, Idppdklatt.
http://www.obesitas.web.id/http://www.obesitas.web.id/http://www.obesitas.web.id/


54/61

60

]dkohuhk Bhsus Pfkyhbdt Chbdnds md Mfsh ]ugchke Bfohgfd mhk

Mfsh Bdnhg Chthke, Bhcuphtfk Bhtdkehk

H Lhsf \tumy ak Chbdnds Mdsfhsfs dk ]ugchke Bfohgfd Zdiihef hkm

Bdnhg Chthke Zdiihef, Bhtdkehk Mdstrdl

Zdssdh Mdmdk, Ghrsfidkus Nfrdtfiukh, Khthihksyhn

Ourushk Bfpfrhwhthk Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Phihkebh Shyh

Hcstrhlt

Dtlndke (prurdtus) ds h jffidke tnht hutaghtdlhiiy mfghkms slrhtlndke. \lrhtlndke tnf sbdk ds h

sdek aj h sbdk mdsfhsf lhusfm cy jukeus. ]nf mhth aj sbdk mdsfhsfs lhusfm cy juked tnht nhvf

cffk rfpartfm cy tnf fmulhtdak lfktfr dk Dkmakfsdh sthtfm tnht tnf dkldmfklf aj jukehi sbdk

mdsfhsf ds tnf dkldmfkt kugcfr tnrff aj hii lhsfs aj sbdk mdsfhsf hjtfr dkjfltdak cy chltfrdhi

mdsfhsfs hkm sbdk mdsfhsfs muf ta hiifrey. Mfrghtapnytasds ds hk dkjfltdak aj tnf sbdk lhusfm

cy mfrghtapnytfs juked dk tdssufs tnht lakthdk bfrhtdk (sbdk, nhdr, khdis). Sfpartfm cy Mdstrdlt

Nfhitn Bhtdkehk tnht tnfrf ds dtlndke dk tnf sbdk mdsfhsf bkawk cy tnf pfapif dk tnf vdiihef

Chbdnds ]ugchke \hkhghke Bhtdkehk. ]nf lhsfs rflarmfm dk tnf ialhi nfhitn lfktfr murdke

3004, khgfiy? ]ugchke \hkhghke Zdiihef tnfrf hrf 8: lhsfs, 3 lhsfs dk Buiubshphked

Zdiihef, < lhsfs dk Zdiihef Shkthu Chnhd, 6 lhsfs dk Zdiihef Mfnfs Hsfg, 3 lhsfs dk Buhd

]ugchke Zdiihef, 6 lhsfs dk Zdiihef Shkthu Pubh, 8 lhsf dk Zdiihef Shkehk Bhwdt, 3 lhsfs dk

Zdiihef Bdihg Chthke, 8 lhsf dk Dof ]ugchke Zdiihef, hkm 3 lhsfs dk ]ugchke Ihchkdke

Zdiihef. ]nf purpasf aj tnds stumy ds whkt ta bkaw tnf mdhekasds aj mdsfhsfs sujjfrfm cy

pfapif dk tnf ]ugchke Bfohgfd Zdiihef hkm Bdnhg Bhnhyhk Zdiihef hkm wnht jhltars lhusftnf sbdk mdsfhsf. Mfsdek usfm dk tnds rfsfhrln ds mfslrdptdvf rfsfhrln. ]nf hkhiysds mhth usdke

quhidthtdvf hkhiysds cy iaabdke jar saurlfs aj rfifvhkt idtfrhturf.

Bfywarms ? Prurdtus, ]dkfh dgcrdbhth, Zdiihef Mdsfhsf

PfkmhnuiuhkEhthi-ehthi (Prurdtus) hmhihn suhtu

pfrhshhk yhke sflhrh ataghtds gfkuktut

pfkeehrubhk. Pfkeehrubhk tfrus gfkfrus

cdsh gfkyfchcbhk bfgfrhnhk mhk earfshk

mhihg phmh buidt. Pfkeehrubhk oueh cdshgfkedrdthsd buidt yhke sfihkoutkyh hbhk

gfkyfchcbhk cfrthgchnkyh rhsh ehthi.

Pfkeehrubhk mhk pfkeeasabhk ohkebh

phkohke cdsh gfkyfchcbhk tfrcfktubkyh

ohrdkehk phrut mhk pfkfchihk buidt.

Pfkeehrubhk phmh buidt dkd gfruphbhk

thkmh hmhkyh pfkyhbdt buidt yhke

mdsfchcbhk bhrfkh ohgur.

Cfrcfmh mhrd pfkyhbdt ihdk, pfkyhbdt buidt

mhpht mdidnht ihkesuke mfkehk ghth

pfgfrdbsh. Mhth-mhth pfkyhbdt buidt hbdchtohgur yhke pfrkhn mdihparbhk aifn pusht

pfkmdmdbhk md Dkmakfsdh gfkyhthbhk

chnwh dksdmfk pfkyhbdt ohgur buidt

gfruphbhk dksdmfk kagar tdeh mhrd sfiurun

bhsus pfkyhbdt buidt sftfihn pfkyhbdt

dkjfbsd aifn chbtfrd mhk pfkyhbdt buidt

bhrfkh hifred. Md Ohbhrth eaiakehkpfkyhbdt buidt bhrfkh dkjfbsd aifn ohgur

sfihiu gfkfgphtd uruthk bfmuh sftfihn

mfrghtdtds. Md mhfrhn ihdk sfpfrtd Phmhke,

Chkmuke, \fgfrhke, \urhchyh, mhk

Gfkhma, bfmhhkkyh burhke ifcdn shgh,

yhbkd gfkfgphtd uruthk bf-3 shgphd bf-=

tfrchkyhb mdchkmdkebhk eaiakehk pfkyhbdt

ihdkkyh. Ehgchrhk pfkyhbdt buidt bhrfkh

ohgur buidt dkd shkeht suidt mdcfmhbhk

mfkehk pfkyhbdt buidt yhke mdsfchcbhk

bhrfkh chbtfrd ghupuk bhrfkh sfchc ihdk8.


55/61

68

Mfrghtajdtasds gfruphbhk dkjfbsd phmh

buidt yhke mdsfchcbhk aifn ohgur

mfrghtajdth phmh ohrdkehk yhke

gfkehkmuke bfrhtdk (buidt, rhgcut, bubu).

Eaiakehk ohgur yhke mhpht gfklfrkh

bfrhtdk mfkehk fkzdg bfrhtdkhsf yhdtu]rdlnapnytak, sp2 Gdlrasparug, sp2

Fpdmfrgapnytak, sp. Pfriu mdehrds chwhnd

chnwh fstdghsd pfkyhbdt buidt cdsh cdhs.

Fstdghsd pfkyhbdt buidt tfrsfcut mhpht ifcdn

mhrd yhke mdpfrbdrhbhk hthu mdchwhn mhrd

yhke mdpfrbdrhbhk3. Ghshihn ihdk phmh

pfkyhbdt buidt hmhihn ghsyhrhbht tdmhb

gfklhrd pfkeachthk sfefrh. Nhi dkd

mdsfchcbhk bhrfkh ofkds pfkyhbdt, sasdhi

fbakagd, mhk bfcfrhmhhk shrhk bfsfnhthk.

Pfkmfrdth pfkyhbdt buidt tdmhb gfklhrdpfkeachthk sfefrh bhrfkh gfrfbh tdmhb

thnu chnwh mdrdkyh tfrbfkh dkjfbsd ohgur.

Cfrcfmh mfkehk pfkyhbdt ihdk, pfkyhbdt

buidt gfgdidbd garcdmdths yhke tdkeed

khguk garthidths rfkmhn mhk

gfgpfkehrund buhidths ndmup. Ougihn

bukoukehk bf rughn shbdt mhk pusbfsghs

ifcdn chkyhb mhrdphmh ougihn yhke

mdrhwht dkhp md rughn shbdt0-40% mfkehk sunu 80-

=30L =.

Phmh pfkfidtdhk dkd mdlhrd pfkmfrdth yhke

gfkmfrdth pfkyhbdt chbdnds bfgumdhkgfihbubhk acsfrvhsd mhk whwhklhrh


56/61

63

bfphmh pfkmfrdth sfihgh < nhrd. Mdihbubhk

puih pfkehghthk mhk whwhklhrh tfrnhmhp

ghsyhrhbht yhke tdmhb gfkmfrdth chbdnds.

Pfkmfrdth pfkyhbdt chbdnds sfchedhk

cfshr tfihn gfkmfrdth pfkyhbdt dkd

sfcfiugkyh. Mdhkthrh yhke pfrkhn shbdt>0% pfrkhn cfracht mhk mdhkthrh yhke

cfracht sfgcun sfguh, tfthpd phmh shht dkd

tfrdkjfbsd bfgchid hthu bhgcun. Nhi dkd

gukebdk mdbhrfkhbhk pfkmfrdth nhkyh

mdachtd mfkehk erdsfajuivdk thcift mhihg

ohkebh pfkmfb, gfkedkeht acht dkd md

pfmfshhk ghsdn mdrhshbhk lubup ghnhi.

Pfrsfpsd pfkmfrdth gfkefkhd pfkyhbdt dkd

tdmhb tfrihiu cfrcmh mfkehk bfiagpab

pfkmumub yhke sfnht, bfluhid mhihg nhi

pfkmhpht chnwh pfkyhbdt dkd cfrchnhyh.Bfiagpab pfkmfrdth lfkmfruke

gfkehthbhk pfkyhbdt buidt dkd tdmhb

cfrchnhyh. Gfkefkhd pfrdihbu ndmup

cfrsdn mhk sfnht sfpfrtd ghkmd mhk ehktd

phbhdhk tdmhb hmh pfrcfmhhk pfkmhpht

hkthrh pfkmfrdth mfkehk cubhk pfkmfrdth

pfkyhbdt chbdnds.

Pfrcfmhhk yhke mhpht mdukebhpbhk mhihg

nhi pfrdihbu sfnhrd-nhrd hmhihn phmh

bfiagpab pfkmfrdth ifcdn chkyhb yhke

ghkmd thkph shcuk. Mhihg nhi bfcfrsdnhk

rughn bfiagpab yhke shbdt ohrhke

gfgcfrsdnbhk ihkthd rughn snfdkeeh

bhghr tdmur mhk bhghr thgu yhke mdgdidbd

ifcdn chkyhb yhke batar.

Bakmdsd idkebukehk rughn, ghsyhrhbht

yhke gfkmfrdth pfkyhbdt chbdnds ifcdn

chkyhb yhke gfgpukyhd rughn thkph

ofkmfih. Odbhihu hmh vfktdihsd yhkegfklubupd gfrfbh lfkmfruke tdmhb

gfgcubh ofkmfih. Mhrd pfkehghthk rughn

phmh pfkmfrdth pfkyhbdt chbdnds sfchedhk

cfshr gfgpukyhd rughn yhke shkeht

sfmfrnhkh (mhrd hthp buidt bhyu) mhk tfrmdrd

mhrd mhtu ruhkehk uktub sfehih bfpfriuhk

(cfbfroh, tdmur, gfghshb, mii).

Mhrd nhsdi cdhbhk bfrabhk buidt pfkmfrdth

chbdnds tfrmftfbsd ohgur bakthgdkhk

(Ehgchr 8). Nhsdi pfgfrdbshhk

ihcarhtardug mhrd Chihd IhcarhtardugBfsfnhthk Phihkebh Shyh yhke cfbfroh

shgh mfkehk ihcarhtardug phtaiaed bidkdb

Vkdvfrsdths Dkmakfsdh tdmhb gfkyhthbhk

sflhrh spfsdjdb hmhkyh ohgur ]dkfh

dgcrdbhth. Nhi dkd gukebdk mdsfchcbhk

ohgur tfrsfcut tfrtutup aifn ohgur

bakthgdkhk yhke mdtfgubhk. Gfkurut,

pftuehs ihcarhtardug VD chnwh ohgur

]dkfh dgcrdbhth rfihtdj subhr uktub

mdcdhbhk. Khguk, mfkehk pfkfguhk ohgur

bakthgdkhk dkd gfkohmd dkmdbhtar chnwh

mhpht mdtfgubhk ohgur ]dkfh dgcrdbhth

(Ehgchr 3).

Ehgchr 8. Ehgchr Pfkehgcdihk \pfsdgfk Ohgur md Buidt


57/61

6 ghbsdgug 86 nhihghk. Khsbhn mdbftdb mfkehk (3) baiag,mdbdrdg rhkebhp muh (3) mdsfrthd mfkehk Mdsbft,LM-Sag hthu Jihsmdsb bf hihght ?

D\\K ? 30>5-4806


60/61

Ourkhi Jarug Bfsfnhthk, Paidtfbkdb Bfsfnhthk Bfgfkbfs Phihkebh Shyh, Vkdt

Pfrpusthbhhk Ohihk Efaref Acas Kagar


61/61

88.Pfkuidshk ruoubhk gfkeeukhbhk Nhrvhrm \tyif mdurut sflhrh hijhcftds sfpfrtd laktan

cfrdbut dkd2

Cubu ?Erffk, \.C.& \hibdkm, K.O. 300=. Vsdke \P\\ jar Udkmaws hkm Ghldktasn Hkhiysdke

hkm Vkmfrsthkmdke Mhth. Jaurtn Fmdtak.Kfw Ofrsfy? Prfktdlf Nhii

Cubu Bugpuihk Hrtdbfi ?Kdlai,G.& Eifk,\. (Fms.). 8444. Lidkdlhi \bdiis dk Kursdke? ]nf rfturk aj tnf prhltdlhi

raag1

Iakmak? GlGdiih Prfss I]M

Htdbfi mhihg Cubu Bugpuihk hrtdbfi ?

Sdmfaut, F.& Lhrpda,C.3008. ]nf Pracifg-Chsfm Ifhrkdke Gamfi aj Kursdke

Fmulhtdak. Dk C.Sdmfaut (Fms.)]rhksjargdke Kursdke Fmulhtdak ]nrauen Pracifg-

Chsfm Ifhrkdke.(p.38-=4). ]arakta? Oakfs hkm Chrtiift Pucidsnfr.

Hrdfi mhihg Ourkhi hthu Ghohihn ?Nushdkd, T.B.300:. Pfrdihbu Gfgcfrd Ghbhk Vktub Gfkdkebhtbhk ]ugcun

Bfgchke Hkhb.

Edzd Dkmakfsdh, 34 (8)? 6>-:=

Hrtdbfi Mhihg Barhk ?\ukhrty, \.

Volume II Nomor 3, Pebruari 2011

Documents

Transcript of Volume II Nomor 3, Pebruari 2011