unit34

Changes

revision 复习 1 ：反意疑问句1 、 Let’s go to the cinema, _____ ?

( 好吗 ?)

2 、 Let us go to the cinema, _____ ?

1. shall we

2. will you

-2

3 、 He is really a good man, ___?

A. doesn’t he B. isn’t he

C. won’t he

B

4 、 She’s your girlfriend, ? （是不是）

isn’t she

-3

5 、 He rang the doctor this morning, ____?

didn’t he

6 、 She has finished painting the walls, _____?

hasn’t she

-4

7. I’m wrong, ____ ?

aren’t I

8. He needs more ink, _____?

doesn’t he

9. They couldn’t find the girl, ___?

could they

复习 2 ：副词 (page 182)

already, almost, nearly, never, just , yet…

注意其在句中的位置 大部分放在助词后，实义动词前 already 位置较灵活 yet 常与疑问句和否定句连用，一般

置于句尾

复习 3: 词组 in spite of 尽管 / apart from 除

了 / except for 除了1 、 ____ of great efforts, he failed

the exam.

2 、 All the children like music ____ Boddy.

1. In spite of

2. apart from / except for

Unit 34 Key points:

1 、 Practise using modal verbs to express obligation ,

练习用情态动词表示义务与责任；2 、 learn to express degrees of certai

nty,

学习表示确定性；3 、 learn about attributive clauses.

学习定语从句

1. 情态动词

look at the language focus in page 196

Have to 和 must 用来表示义务、责任

Have to 和 must 可用来表示义务、责任。前者表示外部因素决定的义务，如法律、制度或者他人的要求；而后者表示必须做的事情是说话人自己的决定或感觉，更强调主观因素。例如：

I must buy presents for my English friends. Thy have been so kind to me. 我必须给我的英国朋友买些礼物，他们一直都对我那么好。

I have to move out of my flat on Friday. My landlord wants the keys back. 我得在星期五搬出，我房东要收回钥匙。

如果是别人对你说“必须做某事”时用 must, 实际上是一种命令或者强烈的建议。例如：

You must give me the documents tomorrow. 你明天必须将文件给我。

有时，为了表示强调， have to 和 must 可以用 really 来修饰，例如：

I really must buy presents for my English friends.

He said that he really had to leave very early the other day.

Words of activity 1

Words of activity 1-2

Words of activity 1

Words of activity 1

Words of activity 1

Words of activity 1

Words of activity 1 believe 相信 really 加强语气 present 礼物 move (out of ) 搬出 tenant 租客 let 出租 whole 整个的

marriage 婚姻 pack 打包 suitcase 手提箱 charity 慈善（机构） catch up on 将…弥补

上 as soon as 一…就 ASAP (as soon as pos

sible) 尽快地

Exercise 练习

Activity 3

1. must

2. have to

3. must

4. have to

activity4

1. I have to sign an office clearance form.

2. I must book a taxi to the airport.

3. I have to hand in my office keys.

4. I must get presents for my family.

Mustn’t 和 don’t have to Mustn’t 用来表示不允许做某事。也可以用” You

are not allowed to do sth”  结构来表示不允许。例如：

You mustn’t smoke here because they sell petrol. 你不能在这里抽烟，因为他们在卖汽油。

You are not allowed to smoke here because they sell petrol.

Don’t have to 表示不必要做某事，或者没有义务做某事。例如：

You don’t have to pay for that. It’s free. 你没有必要付钱，这是免费的。

练习： activity6

1. You mustn’t take photographs here.

2. You mustn’t eat ice creams here.

3. You are not allowed to smoke here.

4. You are not allowed to cycle here.

2. 表示确定性的程度 must, can 及其他一些词语可以用来表示不同程度

的确定性。例如： I’m sure/certain who that is. （ 100% 确定无

疑 . ） I think it must be your mother. ( 很肯定的猜

测。 ) I’m not sure/certain who that is. It could be his

father. （只有 20% － 50% 的肯定性。） I’m sure/certain that can’t be him. （几乎 100%

把握。）

注意：下面这些用法出表示不同程度的确定

性。 I’m not quite sure. 我不很确定。 I’m not quite certain. 我不很确定。 It could possibly be him. 可能是他。 I suppose (that) he could be over 60. 我猜

想他可能有 60 多岁了。 I’m sure/certain it’s John. 我敢肯定那是 Jo

hn 。 注意 1. Certain/ sure – must be – could be 2. 不可能一般用 can’t be

表示方位的短语 注意下列句中所用介词的不同 Shi is on the right/ left. 她在右边 / 左边。 She is at the back/ front. 他在后边 / 前边。 He is in the middle. 他在中间。 He is top right. 他在右上角。 He is bottom left. 他在左下角。

Turn to page 248 Activity9(extract2)

photos 相片 drawer 抽屉 actually 实际上 suppose 以为 relations 亲戚 recognise 认出 You changed an awful lot. 你改变太多了。

3. 定语从句 turn to page 205

他是一个男人。 He is a man.

他是一个好看的好看的男人。 He is a handsome man.

他是一个从来不撒谎的从来不撒谎的男人。 He is a man who never lies.

定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的，在句子中起定

语的作用。定语从句一般放在所修饰的名（代）词之后，以一个关系代词或关系副词，将两个相互关联的句子连接在一起。例如：

I can’t take all of that stuff. I’ve put it on the bed. I can’t take all of that stuff that I’ve put on the b

ed. The caterers are very good. They do meals for u

s at work. The caterers who do meals for us at work are ve

ry good.

定语从句有两种：限定性和非限定性定语从句限定性和非限定性定语从句。它们的区别是：限定性定语从句对于说明句子意义来说，不可或缺，否则句子意思就不完整。而非限定性定语从句只是提供额外的信息，可以略去。前者不用逗号与主句隔开，而后者需要用逗号与主句隔开。例如：

限定性： The caterers (who do meals for us at work) are good. 给我们单位提供膳食的那些餐饮人员很好。

非限定性： The caterers Johnson’s, (who are just round the corner), are very good. Johnson’s的餐饮服务很好，他们就在拐角那边。

关系代词引导定语从句， that, who, which等常用

做从句的主语或宾语。 Who 和 that 用于指人， that 和 which 用于指物。（ whom现在用得很少，可见于书面语中。）

当关系代词是从句中动词或介词的宾语时常常可以省略，但如果是从句的主语则不能省略。例如： I can’t take all of that stuff( that I’ve put on the bed )back to Shanghai.

I can’t take all of that stuff I’ve put on the bed back to Shanghai.

I think I’ll give the radio( that Polly gave me )to Steve.

I think I’ll give the radio Polly gave me to Steve. He’s the one (who you spent all evening with). He’s the one you spent all evening with.

The caterers( who do meals for us at work) are

good. He’s the man (that gave me the documents.) The documents( which are on the table are for

you.) 定语从句中的 whose, where等语不能省略。例如： That’s the firm (whose builders renovated the r

estaurant). 就是那个公司的装修人员翻修了这家饭店。

We made a trip to Edinburgh. We had a very good time there.

We make a trip to Edinburgh (where we had a very good time). 我们去爱丁堡旅行了，在那儿玩得很开心。

总结 限制性定语从句： The man （ who/ that is standing there ）

is my student. －（ who/ that 作主语） That girl （ who/ that Mary is talking wit

h ） is my daughter. （ who/ that 作宾语） Tom lent me a book （ which/ that is writte

n ） by Luxun. Tom lent me a book （ which/ that Mary ga

ve to him ） .

We live in a small village (where I was born.) (where 从句中作地点状语 )

The room (whose window faces south) is mine.

非限制性定语从句We move to a house, (which we bo

ught last month).He has a son,( who is a doctor).

Words of activity15

packing 打包 / 收拾东西

never-ending 无休止的give sth. away 扔掉stuff 东西menu 菜单 sign 签名leaving do 相当于 farew

ell party 欢送会

depend on 根据…而定think of （ doing st

h ）想做某事picnic 野餐forecast 预测shower 阵雨interval 间歇caterer:准备食物的师傅

1. I can’t take all of that stuff I’ve put on bed back to Shanghai.

2. That new suitcase which you got yesterday is full already.

3. He’s the one that you spent all evening talking to at the party.

4. Well, that’s the menu that he wrote out.

5. The caterers who do meals for us at work are very good.

Focus of unit34 语法知识：定语从句 定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的，在句子中起定

语作用，一般放在所修饰的名 / 代词之后，以一个关系代词或关系副词，将两个相互关联的句子连接在一起

定语从句有两种，非限制性定义从语和限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句对于说明句子意义来说不可或缺，否则

句子意思不完整。 The caterers who do meals for us at work are g

ood. 非限制性定语从句，只提供额外的信息，可以略去，需

要用逗号与主句隔开。 The caterers Johnson’s, who are just round de

corner, are very good.