Unit 5 Nelson Mandela

Language points

语言知识点与运用

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela

Language points

语言知识点与运用

He often helps me with my housework.

= He often helps me (to) do the housework.

can’t help doing 情不自禁地 , 忍不住 can’t help but do 不得不 She couldn’t help laughing at the words.

We can’t help but study hard.

1. help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth.

2. lose heart 灰心 , 丧失信心 , 气馁1). He failed in the exam, but he didn't l

ose heart.

2). Don't lose heart. You'll be successful

sooner or later.

lose one’s heart to 爱上 ; 十分喜欢3). Bruce has lost his heart to a girl wor

king in a cotton mill.

类似 :　 lose one’s head 失去理智 ; 惊慌失措 lose one’s breath 上气不接下气 When the fire broke out in the movies,

the people lost their head and ran in all d

irections.

He lost his breath in running.

He has got into /is in trouble. We must help him.

3. get / be in trouble 有麻烦，处于不幸中

补充 :make trouble 制造麻烦put sb. to trouble 给某人添麻烦have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事

4. die for 为某种事业或目的而死 die for one’s country/ the people/ the cause die of 死于内因 die from 死于外因 die from a car accident 由于车祸而死 die by 死于暴力 , 刀或剑等凶器 die by the sword / hanging

be dying for 极想得到 ...

She is dying for a cup of water.

die through carelessness 因过失而死die…down 凋落 , 消失die away 消失（渐渐远去）The sound died away. 声音渐渐远去。die out 绝种 This kind of animal is dying out.

1). His father has given up smoking.

2). She gave up her job to look after her

mother ．

5. give up + n. / pron. / v-ing

只能接动名词作宾语的动词：

avoid, consider, dislike, escape, enjoy,finish,

imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest,

feel like, give up, can’t help, can’t stand

Don’t talk (in) that / this way.

Don’t stand in the /my way.

He is better in some way (s).

He picked a pen on the way to school.

6. in a peaceful way 以和平的方式那样 / 这样

碍事在某些方面

在往…的路上

7. fight against / for / with

The soldiers fought bravely _______

the enemy ___ the liberation ____

their comrades.

against

for with

8. put sb. in (into) prison 把……关进监狱

be sent /taken to prison ( 被送进监狱 )

be thrown /put into prison ( 被投入监狱 )

be in prison ( 在监狱里坐牢 )

break prison ( 越狱 )

prison 表示蹲监狱时 , 其前不用冠词

throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prison

He had been in prison for 20 years .

The man was put in prison for stealing a car.

Anyone who breaks the law should be

thrown into prison.

They all went to the prison to visit the

prisoners.

类似 : bed, church, school, college, un

iversity, hospital, market

9. advise

1). advise sb. on sth. =give sb. advice on

就…给某人出主意 / 提出劝 I have advised you on that matter.

The teacher advised me on how to lear

n English well.

2). advise doing 建议干某事 The doctor advised taking more exercise.

3). advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干某事 The doctor advised me to take more exerci

se.

4). advise (that) sb. (should) do 虚拟语气 The doctor advised that I (should) take mo

re exercise.

I advise that you (should) not eat the fruit.

10. be out of work /job

= lose one’s job = be unemployed

失业 , 没有工作

His mother has been out of work for hal

f a year.

out of 意为“在…之外” , “ 向…外” ;

表示失去 , 没有 , 用完 ; 不再处于某种状况。反义词为 into 或 in 。

out of breath 上气不接下气out of patience 不耐烦out of petrol 汽油用完了

out of order 出故障了out of control 失控了out of danger 脱离危险了

out of fashion 不时兴out of date 过时Out of sight, out of mind.

眼不见 , 心不烦。

11. as … as + 主语 +can /could 尽可能 , 尽量= as … as possible

1). He was running as fast as he could.

=He was running as fast as possible.

2)You must speak English as often as you can.

=You must speak English ________________.

3). Try to make as few mistakes as you can. =

Try to make _______________________.

as often as possible

as few mistakes as possible

某些动词 (see, find, witness 等 ) 主语有时不是人而是物 , 即拟人用法 , 使句子生动。1) This old house has seen good days.

2) Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation

of the People’s Republic of China.

12. The last 30 years have seen the greatest

number of…

① accept ( 接受 ) 表示主观上乐意接受。 receive ( 收到 , 得到 ), 表示客观收到 , 还不

能断定是否接受。 I received his letter of invitation, but I didn't

accept it.

② accept 还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”

He asked her to marry him and she accepted.

③ receive 还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”

She was warmly received into the club.

13. accept 与 receive 的区别：

---Have you_____ the invitation to th

e party?

---Yes, I have. And I've ________it.

A. accepted, received 　 B. received, accepted

C. received, received 　 D. accepted, accepted

14. be to do sth. 应该做某事

1). 表示计划或安排做某事 We are to begin the work next week.

2). 用于第二人称时 , 常含有转达别人指示的意思 Mother says you are to wait here till

she comes. 3. 用于第三人称时 , 通常表示命令或指示 “The room is to be locked”. The manager said.

If you do that, you'll go against your

parents’ wishes.

It goes against my principles .

这违反我的原则。break the law = go against the law

15. go against 违背 , 违反 ; 不利于

Translation on Page 71

1.As a matter of fact, parents

hope their children won’t be

in trouble /get into trouble.

2. The number of people out

of work has increased by

2% this year.

3. After Mandela came to

power, his government did

their best to improve the

education for the blacks /the

black people.

4. The doctor advised him to eat

more fruit and take more

exercise.

The doctor advised that he

(should) eat more fruit and take

more exercise.

5. No matter how many times you

fail, you should never lose heart.

6. Robert was sentenced to three

years in prison for stealing.

7. Are you willing to join the club

(that) we’ve just set up?

8. She continued to read /reading

when I spoke to her.

Language UsingLanguage Using

( )1.advise A. set up a law firm

( )2.open a law firm B. keep doing sth

( )3.continue C. make a dream become true

( )4.be out of work D. destroy sth with a bomb

( )5.blow up E. throw sb into prison

( )6.put into prison F. in fact, actually

( )7.realize a ream G. give sb advice

( )8.as a matter of fact H. lose one’s job

C

A

B

H

E

G

F

D

Match the following

1. Nelson Mandela ______ the black

people on their problems.

2. My family couldn’t _______ to pay my

school fees so I had to leave school

3. If you don’t work hard, you will be

__________.

advised

continue

out of work

advise put in prison blow up

continue out of work as a matter of fact

4. It seems that he thinks little of

money. ________________ he likes

money very much.

5. He was ___________ because he

killed a man on purpose.

6. The terrorists want to _______ the

building.

As a matter of fact

put in prison

blow up

My name is Elias. I am a poor black

worker in South Africa. The time when

I _______ Nelson Mandela was a very

difficult period of my life. I was ______

________ . It was in 1952 and he had

opened a black law firm to _____ poor

black people on their problems.

first met

years old

advise

Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks

twelve

I began school at six. The school where

I studied only two years was three

kilometers away. I __________,

because my family could not continue

to pay the _________ and the bus fare.

I could not ___________. After trying

hard, I got a job in a gold

had to leave

school fees

read or write

mine. This was a time when one had

got to have a passbook to _____

Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have

this passbook because I was not born

there and I was worried about

whether I would be __________.

live in

out of work

1. 开设律师事务所2. 非常艰难的时期3. 支付学费4. 失业5. 找到一份工作

A. out of work

B. a very difficult time

C. open a law firm

D. get a job

E. pay the school fee

6. 没有选举权7. 违反法律8. 以和平方式9. 以暴易暴10. 实现梦想

F. break the law

G. in a peaceful way

H. realize a dream

I. have no vote

J. answer violence

with violence

2. P71.Using structures EX.2 用定语从句将两个句子合成一个复合句。