Thoracic Muscles

External Intercost

als

Internal Intercost

als

Accessory Muscles

Sternocleido-

mastoid

Transversus

ThoracisScalenus

Serratus (3)

Levatores

Costarum

Diaphragm

Abdominal Muscles

Rectus Abdomin

us

Obliques (2)

Transversus

Abdominus

Abdominal Muscles

Rectus Abdominus

Obliques

TransversusAbdominus

Internal

External

• Rectus abdominus•Compartmentalized into 4-5 segments•Connects to ribs 5-7, Xiphoid process•Contract: depresses lower ribs and sternum

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5295/

• External and Internal Obliques:• (External) Largest, strongest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: depresses lower ribs, pulls in front/side of abdomen

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5299/

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5301/

• Transversus abdominus•Deepest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: pulls in front/side of abdomen

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5306/

Thoracic Muscles

External Intercost

als

Internal Intercost

als

Accessory Muscles

Sternocleido-

mastoid

Transversus

ThoracisScalenus

Serratus (3)

Levatores

Costarum

Diaphragm

Abdominal Muscles

Rectus Abdomin

us

Obliques (2)

Transversus

Abdominus

• Breathing Basics

• Bigger Breaths

• Breathing for Speech

• Gas Exchange• Oxygen (O2): Arteries

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Veins

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 12.

Boyle’s Law:

PV = constant

•P = pressure•V = volume

Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

http://sciencesquad.questacon.edu.au/activities/model_lung.html

Expiration

Abdominal

Muscles

Internal Intercost

als

Inspiration

Diaphragm

External Intercost

als

Abdominal

Muscles

Diaphragm

External Intercost

als

InspirationInspiration

• Major muscle of inspiration• Sheet of muscle and tendon

between the lungs and abdomen• Dome-shaped• Muscle: 3 attachments• Sternal origin: Xiphoid process• Costal origin: costal cartilages 7-

12• Vertebral origin: upper lumbar

vertebrae (crura)•Right crus: L1-L3 or L4• Left crus: L1-L2

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 20.

• When the diaphragm contracts, it moves down and flattens• Pushes abdominal cavity down•Raises the ribcage

• This increases the space in the thoracic cavity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 21.

• External intercostals•Between ribs (11)•Origin: vertebrae•Course down and lateral• Insertion: costal cartilages•Contract: ribs move up and out

•This increases the space in the thoracic cavity

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5283/

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

• Diaphragm pushes abdominal cavity down

Expiration

Abdominal

Muscles

Internal Intercost

als

Inspiration

Diaphragm

External Intercost

als

Diaphragm

Abdominal

Muscles

Internal Intercost

als

Expiration

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5287/

• Internal intercostals•Between ribs (11)•Origin: sternum•Course down and lateral

(opposite external intercostals)

• Insertion: rib angle• Contract: ribs move down and in

• Rectus abdominus•Compartmentalized into 4-5 segments•Connects to ribs 5-7, Xiphoid process•Contract: depresses lower ribs and sternum

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5295/

• External and Internal Obliques:• (External) Largest, strongest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: depresses lower ribs, pulls in front/side of abdomen

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5299/

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5301/

• Transversus abdominus•Deepest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: pulls in front/side of abdomen

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5306/

• Major muscle of inspiration

• Diaphragm relaxes and returns to original dome shape

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 20.

Expiration

Abdominal

Muscles

Internal Intercost

als

Inspiration

Diaphragm

External Intercost

als

Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production. Pg. 71.

• Lined with moist epithelium• Surface tension• Recoil tendency• Source of lung elasticity

• Surfactant• Type II alveolar cells• Decreases surface tension to achieve balance

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 12.