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The technical requirements for importing breeding pigs into China

李曼中国养猪大会 Leman China Swine Conference中国西安 Xi’an, China

2012年10月15-17日/October 15-17, 2012

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商品群Commercial Production

扩繁群Multiplication

核心育种群高附加值Nucleus

进口种猪Imported pigs

中国生猪生产 Pig Production in China

n 我国作为世界第一养猪大国，但在生猪良种繁育体系中顶端的核心种猪资源主要依赖进口

As the world’s biggest pork producing country, China still relies on importing genetics in superior pig breeding system

n 重引种、轻选育 Emphasize on introduction and overlook

selectionn 我国商品猪生产的主导瘦肉型猪种持续从

国外进口，实质是把生猪产业最具竞争力的核心种猪资源拱手让给国外猪育种公司

China continuously imports lean pig genetics from overseas, giving up the most competitive resource to foreign breeding company 3

n 30多年来，我国从国外进口种猪规模持续扩大Over the past 30 years, China has been increasing its scale of importing pig genetics

n 引种的国家主要有美国、加拿大、丹麦、法国、英国、瑞典等, 主要有大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪等品种Main countries China imports from includes: US, Canada, Denmark, France, UK, and Sweden, mainly the Large White, Landrace, and Duroc

n 引种的国际育种公司有PIC、海波尔、托佩克等International companies exporting to China include: PIC, Hypor, and Topigs

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2000-2010年中国进口种猪数量Numbers of Pigs imported from 2000-2010

头Head

年度 Year

n 2011年中国海关统计，种猪进口755137kg In 2011, according to statistic from China Customs, breeding pigs

of 755,137 kg were imported 5

l 选择的纯种猪通常是GGP的后代，并非是核心群的后代The selected purebred pigs are normally offspring of GGP, not the nucleus herd

l 选猪体重小 Choose pig weight smalll 由于隔离检疫时间长达3个多月，在挑选种猪时，种猪周龄为8-14周，体重

15-40kgSince the quarantine is as long as 3 months, the average age for selection is 8-14 weeks, weight 15-40kg

l 启运时，种猪周龄为15-21周，体重约为45-90kg；平均周龄不超过18周，平均体重65kgJust before shipping, ages range is 15-21 weeks, weigh 45-90kg; average age less than 18 weeks, average weight less than 65 kg

l 没有本身性能测定数据，家系选种，选择准确性差Lack of performance data, selected by pedigree, poor selection accuracy

进口种猪的性能 Performance of imported pigs

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进口种猪的性能 Performance of imported pigs

Index EPDSPI 105.9MLI 104.0TSI 97.3

没有本身性能测定数据！家系选择？No performance data!

Only selected by pedigree?

引种时就已落后！Out of date when introduced!

以美国STAGES为例America STAGES as an example

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不同记录来源及遗传力的选择准确性Selection accuracy values given different sources of records and h2 levels

遗传力Heritability记录来源 Source of records .10 .30 .50只有父母 Two parents only .23 .39 .50个体 Individual .32 .55 .71个体+父母 Individual + 2 parents .38 .67 .76个体+5个全同胞 Individual + 5 full sibs .41 .64 .76个体+10个全同胞 Individual + 10 full sibs .48 .68 .78个体+10个半同胞 Individual + 10 half sibs .34 .57 .72个体+50个半同胞 Individual + 50 half sibs .46 .64 .75个体+5个后裔 Individual + 5 half sib progeny .44 .67 .79个体+10个后裔 Individual + 10 half sib progeny .52 .71 .84个体+50个后裔 Individual + 50 half sib progeny .73 .82 .93

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64.8

79.9

84.7

96.8

79.4

TSI

•Terminal Sire Index (TSI) 终端父本指数

•杜洛克猪 Duroc• Sow Productivity Index (SPI) 母猪生产力指数

• Maternal Line Index (MLI) 母系指数

•大白猪和长白猪Large White, Landrace

种猪及精液进口享受国家免税政策，亟需加强管理！Tax benefit for importing pig and semen – needs regulations

这些猪能做种猪吗？Can these pigs be used as breeding

materials?

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l 根据《中华人民共和国畜牧法》和《中华人民共和国畜禽遗传资源进出境和对外合作研究利用审批办法》的有关规定，我部制定了《种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求（试行）》和《肉用种牛及冷冻精液和胚胎进口技术要求（试行）》

l Technical requirements for importing breeding pigs and frozen semen (beta version)

l Technical requirements for importing beef cattle and frozen semen and embryo (beta version)

农业部公告第1677号(2011年11月25日) Ministry of Agriculture Announcement No.

1677(Nov 25th, 2011)

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1.基本条件 Basic condition1.1 从境外引进的种猪及冷冻精液的供体，应符合本品种特征、性能质量和种用要求 Breeding pigs and frozen semen imported from foreign countries should meet the requirements in product characteristics, performance quality and genetic usage

1.2 申请从境外引进种猪及冷冻精液的，应提供出口国家或者地区法定机构出具的相关个体格式规范、记录完整的三代（指父母代、祖代、曾祖代）系谱资料，及其主要生产性能测定成绩或者育种值 When applying to import breeding pigs and frozen semen, applicant should provide the official document of each individual’s standard and complete pedigree information of three generation (parents, grand parents, great grand parents), and its main performance measurement results or breeding value

种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求(试行)Technical requirements for importing breeding pigs

and frozen semen

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1.3 种猪无脐疝，种公猪无阴囊疝、单睾、隐睾等遗传疾患和损征。出口方应对上述遗传疾患和损征在系谱上标识或在销售合同条款中作明确约定No umbilical hernia, the males are free from any hereditary defects such as scrotal hernia, monorchidism, and cryptorchidism, etc. Exporter should mark on the pedigree in regards of the above-mentioned hereditary defects or add terms in trade agreement.

1.4 从境外引进的种猪及冷冻精液应符合我国进口动物及动物产品检疫有关规定The imported breeding pigs and frozen semen should meet the requirement of China’s inspection regulation of imported animal and animal products.

1.5申请单位将申请表、合同、系谱、种畜禽生产经营许可证等材料报农业部，同时…Applicant should submit application form, contract, pedigree, production permit to the Ministry of Agriculture, meanwhile…

种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求Technical requirements for importing breeding pigs

and frozen semen

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2. 从境外引进种公猪的技术条件 Conditions for importing boars

n 种公猪主要生产性能综合育种值指数不低于120 Boar’s main performance total breeding value index higher than 120

3. 从境外引进种猪冷冻精液的技术条件Condition of importing frozen semen

3.1 冷冻精液的供体应为纯种猪，来源于纯种猪场或曾祖代场Donator of the frozen semen should be purebred boars, originated from nucleus or GGP farm

3.2 冷冻精液的供体主要生产性能综合育种值指数不低于130 Donators’ performance total breeding value index higher than 130

种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求Technical requirements for importing breeding pigs

and frozen semen

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l 《技术要求》规定的三代系谱是指父母代、祖代和曾祖代 requires that the three generation pedigree be parent, grand parent, and great grand parent generations

l 加拿大、欧洲进口的种猪系谱基本符合要求Pigs imported from Canada and Europe mostly meet the requirement

l 以前美国提供的三代系谱是个体本身、父母代、祖代，目前已符合要求 Before, the pedigree American exporters provide include the individual itself, its parent, and grand parent, now meet requirement

l 从丹麦引进种猪资料分析表明，根据个体本身、父母代、祖代系谱确定的血统数是根据父母代、祖代、曾祖代系谱确定血统数的2倍以上Analysis of information of boar imported from Denmark indicates that, the number of bloodlines defined from individual, parent and grand parent generations is twice as the number defined from 3 generations before the individual

种猪系谱 Pedigree certificate

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n 不同国家/公司的目标性状与选择标准不同, 估计育种值不同Objective traits and selection criterion are not the same across companies or countries, so genetic value indexes are not equal

n 系谱中标注的目标性状与选择指数信息亦不同The marked objective traits and selection index information are also different in pedigreel 估计育种值、期望后代差 EBV、EPDl 父系指数、母系指数 Sire line index , Dam line indexl 净经济指数 Net economic indexl BLUP指数 BLUP index….

综合育种值指数 Total Breeding Value Index

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综合育种值指数 Total breeding value index

目前，我国标准化后的综合育种值指数，平均值为100，标准差为25Currently, China has an average index of 100, SD is 25

n 《技术要求)规定的种公猪主要生产性能综合育种值指数不低于120 requires boars have a main Total breeding value index higher than 120n 标准化后的综合育种值指数

Total breeding value index after standardization

n 平均数为100，标准差为20Average is 100, standard deviation is 20

n Mean + 1SD，在最好16% 的个体中选择种公猪

Select from the top 16% of boarsbase on mean+1SD result

Mean平均数=100，SD标准差= 20 > 120 = 15.9%

15.9%

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n 始于2009年4月 Started in April 2009n 国家畜禽遗传资源委员会办公室组织有关专业委员会委员，对提交的进出口申请进行技术评审 China National Committee of Animal Genetic Resources organizes committee member to review on submitted importing and exporting applications

n 委员会办公室形式审查内容 Committee office review contents n 进出口申请表 Importing/exporting application formn 种畜禽生产经营许可证（经营范围、有效期) Breeding livestock/poultry

production permit (business scope, expire date)n 种猪销售合同（内容、签署日期）Breeding pigs purchase contract (Content,

signing date)n 代理进口合同 Agency importing contractn 进口种猪使用说明 Instruction of using imported pigsn 种猪系谱（电子版PDF）是否完整 Complete pedigree (PDF)

进口技术评审 Technical review for importation

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n 根据《技术要求》完成技术评审意见，与《种公猪系谱信息汇总表》 一起提交委员会办公室Perform review according to , submit to the committee office along with

序号 耳号 注册号 品种性别

综合育种值

三代系谱完整度

遗传疾病情况

NoEar No

Registration No

Breed SexTotal

breeding value

Complete 3 generation pedigree

Hereditary defects

种公猪进出口技术评审系谱信息汇总表Boar Pedigree Information Summary

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l 2011年共评审拟进口种猪14503头，其中种公猪1000多头Reviewed 14,503 breeding pigs in 2011, 1,000 of them are boars

l 4月份要求提供每头猪的系谱资料Require pedigree information of each pig by April

l 6月份以后审批的申请材料齐全。对562头公猪的系谱资料中标注的综合指数分析的分析结果Complete application approved after June analytical results of total breeding value indexes in 562 boar pedigree

美国*US

加拿大 Canada

欧洲 Europe

综合指数＞120比例Percentage of index larger than 120

69％ 76％ 79％

* ＞105， Mean + 1SD≈105 19

关于美国NSR种猪指数(＞105)America NSR breeding pig index(>105)

Table 1. Description of complete Landrace database STAGES Bio-economic Indexes

Descriptive Statistics

Sow Productivity Index (SPI)

Maternal Line Index (MLI)

Terminal Sire Index (TSI)

Mean 98.11 94.58 91.92St. Dev. 6.17 12.33 21.62Animals >

105 13.05% 21.35% 28.92%

110 2.56% 10.97% 20.72%120 0.03% 0.99% 8.66%

Animals Represented: 217,396

来源：NSR 给中国农业部的信函 (Dr. Schwab & Dr. Fix, 2012-3-5) 20

Table 2. Description of complete Yorkshire database

STAGES Bio-economic Indexes

Descriptive Statistics

Sow Productivity Index (SPI)

Maternal Line Index (MLI)

Terminal Sire Index (TSI)

Mean 98.42 91.80 84.13St. Dev. 6.65 13.03 23.38Animals >

105 15.34% 16.06% 18.66%

110 4.50% 8.78% 13.32% 120 0.16% 1.32% 5.65%

Animals Represented: 765,898

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Table 3. Description of complete Duroc database

STAGES Bio-economic Indexes

Descriptive Statistics

Sow Productivity Index (SPI)

Maternal Line Index (MLI)

Terminal Sire Index (TSI)

Mean 100.20 92.75 82.28St. Dev. 4.70 9.91 20.23Animals >

105 13.79% 11.39% 13.62%110 2.42% 4.55% 9.63%120 0.09% 0.21% 3.72%

Animals Represented: 406,805

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n 终端父本指数 Terminal Sire Index (TSI)n 达250磅日龄(113.4kg) Days to 250n 背膘厚 Backfatn 瘦肉重 Pounds of leann 料重比 Feed to gain

n 母猪生产力指数 Sow Productivity Index (SPI)n 产活仔数 Number born aliven 断奶头数 Number weanedn 断奶窝重 Litter weaning weight

n 母系指数 Maternal Line Index (MLI) n SPI与TSI合并Combination of SPI and TSI

STAGES指数/ STAGES Index

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l 目前，我国从美国进口纯种猪全部是经NSR登记的STAGES育种体系提供Currently, purebred pigs imported from USA are all STAGES breeding system registered under NSR

l 美国种猪市场，大型育种公司占绝对控制地位，NSR育种体系所占份额为5％左右Large breeding companies dominate America breeding pig market. NRS breeding system only accounts for around 5%

进口美国种猪的来源 Source of imported American breeding pigs

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n 处理好进口种猪数量与质量的关系 Manage the relationship between quality and quantity of importing breeding pigs

n 提高进口种猪的使用效率 Increase the use efficiency of imported pigs

n 坚持引种与育种相结合 Integrate on importing and breedingn 树立现代育种观念 Have concept of modern breedingn 开展生产性能测定 To carry out the performance testing n 提高育种效率 Increase breeding efficiencyn 实施全国生猪遗传改良计划Implement Chinese Swine Genetic Improvement Program

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Thanks！

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