THE IMP ACT OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR CONFLICTS

VICTIMS AT PESANTREN Y ATIM ASSYAFI'IYAH JAKARTA INDONESIA

BY

SIDROTUL MUNT AHA

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education

(Educational Psychology)

Institute of Education International Islamic University

Malaysia

NOVEMBER 2010

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of the personality development programme on conflict victims at Pesantren Yatim Assyafi'iyah Jakarta,Indonesia and to investigate the impact of the school's programme meant to develop the students' personality development which includes the nature the programme, such as important subjects for them, the spiritual activities, the practical! skills, the entrepreneurship programme, the sports programme, the community service and the art programme for them. This study also examines the factors affecting the participants' personality during the post conflict period such as the environmental factor, the family factor, the conflict effect factor, teacher and caregiver factor and peer factor. To achieve these purposes two major methods of data collection are used; library research and field study. The latter involves interviews with students the school and direct observation. In addition, questionnaires are distributed to three respondents in order to validate and justify the data obtained through observation and interviews. The findings of the study showed that this particular school has facilities and programme for their students to enhance their personality. The programme aims to enhance mind, skills and develop the feeling of how to be trusted among students. The findings also indicated that the programme in this school emphasis on producing students who can apply knowledge in real life and preaching it to others. However, the teachers' and students' perception of the problems faced by Pesantren Yatim Assyafi'iyah, Jakarta refer to various problems such as financial problem and lack of government support. Most teachers in this school agreed that the financial problem is the main problem faced at Assyafi'iyah. Many problems are further compounded by other problems such as teacher qualification, administration and management problems, student discipline and achievement. Hence, this school is always trying to secure source of funds in order to slowly solve many arising issues.

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APPROVAL PAGE

I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and qualify, as a dissertation for degree of Master of Education (Educational Psychology).

I

............. ~ ........... .. Siti Rafiah binti Abd Hamid Supervisor

I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and qualify, as a dissertation for degree of Master of Education (Educational Psychology).

~0:~;~,,~············ Examiner

This dissertation was submitted to Institute of Education and is accepted as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education (Educational Psychology).

IV

I

............. ~ .......... . Siti Rafiah binti Abd Hamid Director, Institute of Education

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigations, except

where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently

submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions.

Sidrotul Muntaha

,;J.. 5 I I 0 I .2.0 I 0 Date ................................ .

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INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH

Copyright© 2010 by Sidrotul Muntaha. All rights reserved.

THE IMPACT OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR CONFLICTS VICTIMS AT PESANTREN YATIM ASSYAFI'IYAH

JAKARTA INDONESIA

No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder except as provided below.

1. Any material contained in or derive from this unpublished research may only be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgement.

2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes.

3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieval system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other universities and research libraries.

!Affirmed by Sidrotul Muntaha.

Signature Date

·····-···-······-· --- ··------------

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Gracious, Most Merciful, for the praise be to Allah the all Mighty, Lord of the Universe, for His providence and divine direction throughout my life. Peace and prayer be upon His Final Prophet (S.A.W.) and Messenger. I am very much grateful to Allah (SWT) for giving me the ability, strength, perseverance and guidance to complete this thesis.

I wish to express my appreciation to various persons whose guidance, cooperation, and assistance made it possible for me to complete this work.

I would like to express my greatest gratitude and warm thanks to my main supervisor Dr. Siti Rafiah binti Abd Hamid, who has guided me and given me suggestions throughout this study. Her knowledge and experience has given me deeper insight into this field. I would also like to thank my second mentor DR Mohamad Johdi Sa!leh, for his help and assistance in this study.

My thanks also go to all the academic staff at the Institute of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia for their cooperation, kindness and assistance during my studies in the M.Ed. Programme.

Many thanks to all my friends at IIUM (Ardi Harahap, M. Ircham, Faried KR, M. Khomeini, Fiqi Risalah, Aby Habibi, Abdul Hayyi, Asrul Faqih, Ahmad Fauzi, Rizal, Iman Fadlurrahman, Gustie TM, M. Irfan Rouf, Rhezano Prayudi Putra, Dwi Rabitha, Ahmad Zaid Safwan and to all students of Psychology of Education of IIUM) for supporting me spiritually. I would also like to thank brother Ssali Uganda for editing some parts of the thesis. And also my thanks to Bro. DR Didi Supandi, Lc, MA and Bro. Abdul Karnain, M.Ed, for the Arabic translation.

My thanks are also due to the headmaster ofPesantren Yatim Assyafi'iyah, Dr. Tuty Alawiyah Syafi'i for allowing me to conduct the study in her school. I am likewise indebted to the teachers, school administrators for their participation in the study, especially Sister Zakiyah for helping me find the students as the participants in this study. Then, also I would give my big thanks to all participants in my study.

Last but not least, my special thanks and love go to my dear mother and father and also my parents in law for their prayers and encouragement at all times, also to my wife Siti Salwa Amien Muntaha who was pregnant while 1 was doing this research, all my beloved family members (Abang Ciab and Mpo Fiqoh, Abang Rudi and Mpo Salamah, Abang Didi and His family, Abang Kahfi and Mpo Yayah, Abang

Jack and Mba Nung and also to all my Brothers and Sisters in law) for their encouragement, moral and financial support, without which I could never have

completed this study.

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To conclude, may Allah reward all of you who had contributed to the success of this study. Amien ya robbal alamin.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract .................................................................................................................... ii Abstract in Arabic .................................................................................................... iii Approval Page .......................................................................................................... iv Declaration .............................................................................................................. v Copyright Page ........................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. vii List of Tables .......................................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement ofProblem ............................................................................ 5 1.3 The Purpose of the Study ...................................................................... 7 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................... 7 1. 5 Significance of the Study ...................................................................... 7 1.6 Delimitation of the Srudy ...................................................................... 8 1.7 Operational Definition of Terms ........................................................... 8

1.7.1 Pesantren Yatim Asyyafi'iyah .................................................... 9 1.7.2 Conflict Victim ........................................................................... 9 1. 7.3 The Psychological Consequences of Conflicts ........................... 9

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................... 10 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 10 2.2 Definition of Personality ....................................................................... 10

2.2.1 Islamic View on Personality ....................................................... 11 2.2.2 The Psychoanalytic View on Personality .................................... 13 2.2.3 The Behavioral View on Personality .......................................... 14 2.2.4 The Humanistic View on Personality ......................................... 15

2.3 The Stage of Personality Development ................................................. 16 2.4 The Factors Influencing Personality Development ............................... 18

2.4.1 Heredity and Personality ............................................................. 19 2.4.2 Family Relationship and Personality .......................................... 21 2.4.3 Peers and Personality .................................................................. 22 2.4.4 Community and Personality ........................................................ 22 2.4.5 Media and Personality ................................................................. 24

2.5 Reviewing of Literature ........................................................................ 25 2.5.1 Natures of Child Problems in Life .............................................. 26

2.5.1.1 Challenges ofTransition ...................................................... 26 2.5.1.2Divorce ................................................................................ 28 2.5.1.3 Bullying in School ............................................................... 30 2.5.1.4 Sexual Abuse ....................................................................... 31 2.5.1.5 Civil Conflict ....................................................................... 32

2.5.2 The Effect of Civil Conflict on Children .................................... 33

IX

2.5.2.1 The Loss of Basic Resources ............................................... 34 2.5.2.2 Disrupted Family Relationships .......................................... 34 2.5.2.3 Stigma and Discrimination .................................................. 34 2.5.2.4 A Pessimistic Outlook ......................................................... 34 2.5.2.5 Normalization of Violence .................................................. 35

2.5.3 Civil Conflict and Coping Strategies .......................................... 39 2.5.3.1 Grade-School Age Children to Reduce the Effect of Conflict ............................................................................................ 39 2.5 .3 .2 Middle and High School Age Youth to Reduce the Effect of Civil Conflict .................................................................................. 40 2.5.3.3 Coping Strategies from Islamic Views ............................... .41

2.5.3.3.1 Islamic View on Life ................................................... 42 2 5 3 3 2 I 1 · v· s · · 1 s . . . . s am1c Jew on pmtua tage .................................. 44 2.5.3.3.3 Coping Stress on Islamic Perspective .......................... 46

2.6 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................... 51 2. 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 53

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................... 55 3 .I Introduction ........................................................................................... 55 3.2 Research Design .................................................................................... 55 3.3 Participants ........................................ , ................................................... 56 3.4 Instrument ............................................................................................. 56 3.5 Validity of the Interview Instrument ..................................................... 57 3.6 Procedure and Data Collection .............................................................. 57 3.7 Analysis of Data .................................................................................... 58

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS .............................................. , ............... 59 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 59 4.2 Demographic Background .................................................................... 60 4.3 Personal Information of the Sample ...................................................... 61 4.4 The Nature of the Personality Intervention Programme for Conflict Victims ........................................................................................................ 63

4.4.1 Important Subjects for Conflict Victims ..................................... 63 4.4.2 Spiritual Aspects for Conflict Victims ........................................ 65 4.4.3 Practicing Skills for Conflict Victims ......................................... 68 4.4.4 Entrepreneurship Programme for Conflict Victims .................... 70 4.4.5 Sports Programme for Conflict Victims ...................................... 73 4.4.6 Community Service for Conflict Victims .................................... 75 4.4.7 Art programme for Conflict Victims ............................................ 78

4.5 The Factors Affecting the Participant's Personality during the Post Conflict Period ............................................................................................. 80

4.5.1 Environmental Factor on Conflict Victims ................................. 81 4.5.2 Family Factor on Conflict Victims .............................................. 83 4.5.3 Conflict Effect Factor on Conflict Victims .................................. 87 4.5.4 Teacher and Caregiver Factor on Conflict Victims .................... 90 4.5.5 Peer Factor on Conflict Victims ................................................... 91

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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................. 95 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 95 5.2 Major Finding ........................................................................................ 96

5 .2.1 TheN ature of the Personality Development Intervention Programme for Conflict Victims ........................................................... 96

5 .2.1.1 Important Subjects for Conflict Victims .............................. 96 5 .2.1.2 Spiritual Aspects for Conflict Victims ................................ 96 5.2.1.3 Practicing Skills for Conflict Victims ................................. 97 5.2.1.4 Entrepreneurship Programme for Conflict Victims ............ 97 5.2.1.5 Sports Programme for Conflict Victims .............................. 98 5.2.1.6 Community Service for Conflict Victims ........................... 98 5.2.1. 7 Art programme for Conflict Victims ................................... 99

5.2.2 The Factors Affecting the Participant's Personality during the Post Conflict Period .............................................................................. 99

5.2.2.1 Environment Factor on Conflict Victims ............................. 99 5.2.2.2 Family Factor on Conflict Victims ....................................... 1 00 5.2.2.3 Conflict Effect Factor on Conflict Victims ......................... 100 5 .2.2.4 Teacher and Caregiver Factor on Conflict Victims ............. 101 5.2.2.5 Peer Factor for Conflict Victims ......................................... ! 02

5.3 Recommendation ................................................................................... 1 02 5.3.1 Recommendation for Pesantren Assyafi'iyah ............................. 103 5.3.2 Recommendation for Further Study ............................................ 104

5.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 104

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................. 107

APPENDIX A: Questioners and Interview Protocol .............................................. 113 APPENDIX B: Observation ................................................................................... 117 APPENDIX C: Students' Daily Activities ............................................................. 119 APPENDIX D: Students' Activities on Pictures .................................................... 121 APPENDIX E: Letters ............................................................................................ 125

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