The efficiency of the foreign exchange market and measures of turbulence final

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The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence 黃晨銘 謝秉翰

Transcript of The efficiency of the foreign exchange market and measures of turbulence final

Page 1: The efficiency of the foreign exchange market and measures of turbulence final

The Efficiency of

the Foreign Exchange Market and

Measures of Turbulence

黃晨銘謝秉翰

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背景:自1973年全球各國紛紛改採浮動匯率制度,匯率在短期內大幅波動

Abstract

• 運用不同的角度去看匯率波動情形Section1

• 運用資產市場理論來解釋匯率波動情形Section2

• 提出所研究出的問題,並且說明如何因應Section3

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

此篇論文分成三個部分

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International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

Section1

• 匯率波動相對於其他經濟上的波動

• 實際匯率與預期匯率變動差異的程度

• 物價水平的變動與匯率

Section2

• 強調市場未來預測的影響性

Section3

• 波動是否過度?

• 有何政策可降低此劇幅波動?

Abstract

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Consumer Price Index 消費者物價指數

Wholesale Price Index 躉售物價指數

Cost-of-living Index 生活指數

1.Measures of Turbulence

此表呈現,

每個月匯率的平均變動百分比例(從1973年6月至1979年2月),主要是針對美國對於英國、法國及德國的匯率比較

CPI

WPI

COL

1.每月匯率的平均變動都超過2%2.股票市場變動較其他指數劇烈

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1.Measures of Turbulence

德國對美元每月消費者物價指數變動百分比、匯率變動及每月遠期貼水的關係圖

匯率的變動大部分不可預測,因此利用遠期貼水來預測匯率的改變只能少部分做解釋

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

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1.Measures of Turbulence

馬克對美元即期匯率及遠期匯率和兩國生活指數比率的關係圖

由於匯率走勢與物價水平不一致,因此難以用一般購買力平價說解釋

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

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小結• 當時相對國家的物價水平走勢與匯率不一致,匯率呈現劇幅且不可預測的波動

• 延伸問題:波動產生的社會成本?過度波動?效率問題?

1.Measures of Turbulence

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

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預期匯率變動

𝑆 𝑡 = 𝑧 𝑡 + 𝑏‧E[s(t+1) -s(t);t]

𝐸 𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑗 ; 𝑡 = 1/(1 + 𝑏)

𝑘=0

(𝑏/(1 + 𝑏))𝑘‧𝐸(𝑧 𝑡 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 ; 𝑡)

E[s(t+1) -s(t);t]

𝑧 𝑡

𝑗 = 0

𝑗 > 0

supply & demand affect the exchange rate on day t

expected percentage change

current exchange rates

future exchange rates

2.Exchange Rates as Asset Prices

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

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匯率的資產問題

1)大變化來自於新信息,當前&預期匯率之間的緊急聯繫

2)匯率已經反映未來赤字或盈餘的預期

3)在有效率之下,應該要不可能有套利的超額利潤

4)動盪事件與匯率大幅波動為一致的

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

2.Exchange Rates as Asset Prices

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測試外幣是否有效率1)遠期利率的統計特性作為未來即期匯率的預測

2)匯率的時間序列特性,過去的遠期匯率偏差

3)提高對未來匯率的市場預測能力,使用過去即期及遠期資料

4)透過不同的交易規則,取得超額利潤

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

2.Exchange Rates as Asset Prices

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小結1)匯率時間序列就像是其他資產價格

2)外匯黏性與國內物價水準

3)資產市場理論可解釋第一部分之三個指數

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

2.Exchange Rates as Asset Prices

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International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

3.Is Turbulence Excessive

1973年以來是否過度波動?

政府可以有更好的政策嗎?

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1973年匯率大幅影響?

1)貨幣較其他商品波動小

2)世界貿易增加應對石油危機的能力

3)浮動匯率可促進經濟體制有效運作

4)匯率變動會過度反映在國內物價上

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

3.Is Turbulence Excessive

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政府如何更佳管理?減少匯率波動及成本

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

3.Is Turbulence Excessive

1)匯率為總體政策,受到絕對價格及相對價格之影響

2)外會影響國內市場制度,但風險是可以控制度,不建議將外匯的買賣轉移到其他市場

3)調整國內的BOP,持有他國貨幣

4)減少社會成本,不必要的動盪

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1)自1973年後,匯率的動盪是有很大的原因是

由於不穩定且不被預測的政策所致,尤其是

貨幣政策

2)因此穩定且可預測到的政策是可降低匯率動

盪及此波動所造成的成本

3)由於美金的規模及它在全球貨幣上所扮演的

角色,因此美國的經濟政策就成為穩定匯率

動盪和全球經濟穩定的重要因子

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence

Conclusion

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

International Economic :The Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Market and Measures of Turbulence