The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23 rd , 2011 1 1 Gianfranco Burzio Centro Ricerche FIAT The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

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The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures. Gianfranco Burzio Centro Ricerche FIAT. More than one hundred years of mobility. Elitism. All Fiat Brand cars. Accessibility. Sustainability. Source: ISTAT. The driver to technological innovation…. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

Page 1: The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 11

Gianfranco Burzio

Centro Ricerche FIAT

The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

Page 2: The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 2

More than one hundred years of mobility

0,1

1,0

10,0

100,0

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Pri

ce /

GD

P p

er c

apit

a

Elitism

Accessibility

Sustainability

All Fiat Brand cars

Source: ISTAT

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 3

… determined in the past by cost reduction needs, has been progressively shifting towards :

•Performance increase•Comfort and Ergonomy improvement•Safety improvement•Fuel economy•Emissions reduction

The last three items are still today top priorities, and will be the drivers of future technological evolutions in the perspective of

A SUSTAINABLE INDIVIDUAL MOBILITY

The driver to technological innovation…

Page 4: The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 4

The greenhouse problem

The atmosphere as a bathtub:current inputs and outputs of carbon

4/5 is from fossil fuel burning.Nearly all the rest is from deforestation and other changes in land use

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world average CO2 emission of a car : 1 tonC/year

world number of circulating cars: 820 millions

global CO2 emissions from cars: 820 million tC/year

Today circulating car park has an impact on total CO2

emissions of:

820 / 7000 = 11.7%

and on CO2 increase of:

820 / 4000 = 20.5%

World Wide road transportation today

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World average carbon emissions of one car: 1 tonC/year

Number of cars expected by 2050 : 2 billions

Overall expected emissions by cars in 2050: 2 GtC/year

Effort needed in the next 40 years just to keep road transportation CO2 emissions constant:

Total park of light-duty vehicles by regionSource: WBCSD, 2004a.

The goal of road transportation

Halving the fuel consumption of fossil

fuels

- 16 % W.W.every 10 years

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 7

What have we to do?

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The solutions must be “Sustainable”

“Sustainable development”: a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

(World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)

Social

Environment Economic

EquitableBearable

Viable

Sustainable

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The 'integrated approach' of the CO2

legislation

The CO2 legislation sets a binding target for new cars of 120g/km by 2012.

Nevertheless, legislation do not ask automobile manufacturers to bear the full responsibility for this reduction, proposing instead an 'integrated approach' where average emissions are to be brought down to just 130g/km through vehicle-technology improvements.

The remaining cuts (10g/km) have to be achieved by complementary measures, such as the further use of Biofuels (5 g/km) Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems Maximum Tyre Rolling Resistance Limit (for aftermarket) High efficiency Air Conditioning Gear Shift Indicator

Phase in: 2012: 65% of new cars will have to comply 2013: 75% have to comply 2014: 80% 2015: 100%

From 160 g/km in 2006 to 130 g/km in 2015 the rate of decrease is -20.6% in 10 years on new cars

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 10

The benefit of European CO2 legislation

Carbon emissions by the European car park (261 million cars) amount to 150 MMTc/year.

Carbon emissions by the 15 millions of yearly new European cars presently amount to 8.6 MMTc/year

The 20.6% reduction of carbon emissions from new cars entailed by the European legislation, corresponds to 1.8 MMTc/year

The benefit due to European legislation will imply a mere 1.2% reduction of carbon emissions coming from private mobility.

On a global basis, the benefit of this same legislation against total carbon emissions of anthropogenic origin (~7000 MMTc) will be 0.023%

The move is in the right direction, but it is not enough !

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 11

What have we to do?

Reduce the energy needed by the vehicle during operation

Increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine

Adapt the engine to fuels with low fossil carbon content

Shift to new powertrains fed by new energy vectors that enable the use of non fossil energy

sources

Short term

Medium term

Long term

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What have we to do?

Short term

Medium term

Long term

Reduce the energy needed by the vehicle during operation

Increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine

Adapt the engine to fuels with low fossil carbon content

Shift to new powertrains fed by new energy vectors that enable the use of non fossil energy

sources

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The short term approach

Data referring to Fiat Punto EVO 1.4 on NEDC Cycle

Heat at tailpipe42%

Heat at water38%

Aerodynamics35%

KineticEnergy

35%

RollingResistance

30%

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Weight and fuel consumption

If Punto EVO would make a diet …

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Peso vettura [kg]

Em

issi

on

i CO

2 [g

/km

]

-3,47 g/km CO2 per 100 kg di riduzione peso

Individual mobility in Europe accounts for 2700 billion km/year

A weight reduction of 100 kg on all European cars would imply a CO2 saving of 10.8 Megatons per year

-3.5 g/km CO2 every 100kg saved

Car weight [kg]

CO

2 e

mis

sions

[g/k

m]

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MULTIAIR technology

Engine turbocharging

Exhaust

Coolant

Heat exchanger

By-pass valve

Engine Warm up

Automatic clutch opening Engine offAccelerator pedal released

Automatic clutch closingEngine onAccelerator pedal pressed

3

Extended Start&Stop

Priority technologies

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What have we to do?

Short term

Medium term

Long term

Reduce the energy needed by the vehicle during operation

Increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine

Adapt the engine to fuels with low fossil carbon content

Shift to new powertrains fed by new energy vectors that enable the use of non fossil energy

sources

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 17

FUELCO2 thermal

emission factor [g/kWht]

Engine efficiency on NEDC Cycle (*)

CO2 mechanical emission factor

[g/kWhm ]

Gasoline 242 19% 1274 reference

Diesel 249 24% 1038 -19%

LPG 215 19% 1132 -11%

CNG 181 19% 953 -25%

Fuels with low carbon content (CNG, LPG)

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What have we to do?

Short term

Medium term

Long term

Reduce the energy needed by the vehicle during operation

Increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine

Adapt the engine to fuels with low fossil carbon content

Shift to new powertrains fed by new energy vectors that enable the use of non fossil energy

sources

Page 19: The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 19

Towards alternate resources

FOSSILFUELS

BIOFUELSSYNTHETIC

FUELSELECTRICITY

RENEWABLES NUCLEAR

( No Hydrogen ! )

sources

carriers

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DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 20

The “Integrated Approach” as the only way to sustainability

Reducing Road TransportCO2 Emissions

ConsumerInformationlabeling

Publicprocurement

Infrastructure and traffic

managementEco-driving and driver behaviour

Fuels and

energy

Motor vehicles

Taxation and fiscal

measures

Consumer & Real World

Driving

Fleet renewal

Conventional stand-alone

approach

Integratedapproach

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Reducing Road TransportCO2 Emissions

ConsumerInformationlabeling

Publicprocurement

Infrastructure and traffic

management

Eco-driving

and driver

behaviour

Fuels and

energy

Motor vehicles

Taxation and fiscal measures

Consumer & Real

World Drivin

g

Fleet renewal

Traffic management

Traffic Mng

Routing

Pre Trip

Real Time

Control

Traffic Flow

Vehicle Speed

Demand Mng

Pay Per Use

Access

Mobility Credits

Parking

Road pricing

Land Planning

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Pay per use

CO2 emission

Km travelledVehicle fuel consumption Behaviour

Congestion

• Km travelled• Vehicle dimension• Time of day

Space

• Vehicle dimension

• Time

• Km travelled

• Vehicle Emissions

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• Transport modes do not compete with each other; in general modes are complementary, mobility credits have to be consumed also using public transport.

• Accessibility (or availability) of different transport means has to be considered.

• Mobility credits consuming/road pricing has to be fair and scientifically measurable avoiding any negative side effects.

• Charging has to be technology neutral.

• Electric (or hybrids in electric mode) vehicles have also to be charged (CO2 emission for electric power production, space occupancy, congestion impacts).

• Real time emissions measurements has to be, in medium term, the main criteria to follow.

• Mobility credits could be more effective to push people to adopt more sustainable behaviour (use smaller/low emission vehicles, adopt different transport modes, etc.) since they will produce not only a cost saving but also an economic resource.

OEMs suggestions

Page 24: The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference – Genoa - September 23rd, 2011 2424

Gianfranco Burzio

Centro Ricerche FIAT

Email [email protected]

The OEM perspective on sustainable mobility measures