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Low Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University)

Number 14, JUNE 2009

Table of Contents Research Reports

Thermal transport measurement of spin liquid on a 2D triangular lattice ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Minoru Yamashita •••3

Angular Resolved Nuclear Magnetic Resonance on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Tsuyoshi Waki and Masashi Takigawa•••12

Room-Temperature Single-Step Synthesis of MnO2 Nanosheets ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Kazuya Kai, Yukihiro Yoshida, Hiroshi Kageyama,

Gunji Saito, Tetsuo Ishigaki, Jun Kawamata••19A One-Dimensional Bose Gasëfrom the weakly interacting gas to the strongly correlated gasë

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Toshiya Kinoshita•••28Real-Space Observation of Hydrogen-Bond Exchange in Water Clusters

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Takashi Kumagai, Masahisa Kaizu, Hiroshi Okuyama•••36 Award

Medal with Purple Ribbon awarded to Professor Gunzi Saito••••••••••••••• Hideki Yamochi •••43 Memorial

In remembrance of Prof. Yoji Nakamura•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Kazuyoshi Yoshimura•••44 Featuring Article

Report on LTM Center Exchange Meeting 2008••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Anju Sawada•••49 LTM Center Seminars•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 74

From Organizing Committee

Amounts of Cryogen Consumptions : Yoshida Campus, Uji Campus and Katsura Campus• •••76Staffs contributing to Cryogen Supply and Responsible Persons for He Gas Recovery Stations• ••78Research staffs of the LTM center, Member of the Committees : Steering Committee and organizing Committee•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 79

Call for Manuscript••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81Editor’s Note••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 82

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Thermal transport measurement of spin liquid on a 2D triangular lattice

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Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Unveiling the nature of quantum-spin-liquids (QSL) states, quantum fluctuation-driven disordered ground states, has been a central challenge in condensed matter physics. Especially the nature of the low-lying spin excitations and the presence/absence of the ‘spin gap’ have been of great interest. Recently, NMR measurements have shown that a QSL state is realized in !-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 with a nearly isotropic 2D triangular lattice structure. Here we report on our thermal-transport measurements in this compound down to 80~mK. We find that the QSL state has a full gap of ~0.5 K (~J/500) and the gap is hardly affected by magnetic fields up to 10 T, which sharply contradict recent reports of heat capacity measurements reporting a finite "-term. We will discuss some possibilities to explain the tiny spin gap in this triangular system.

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2007& ìío°o°îï°±²¯àä_¾ða

11

@ABCDEFGHIJ-KL3456+MNOPQRST

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1 Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 2 Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo

Angular resolved NMR on a single crystal gives valuable information about strongly correlated electron systems. As an example of its application, we introduce an angular resolved NMR study on 9Sr0.33V2O5 at ambient and high pressures.

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o& p& q& r&

[1] Y. Ueda, et al., J. Alloys Compd. 317-318 (2001) 109.

[2] T. Yamauchi, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 057002.

[3] T. Yamauchi, et al., Phys. Rev. B 75 (2007) 014437.

[4] T. Yamauchi, private communication.

[5] T. Waki, et al., J. Phys. Chem Solid 68 (2007) 2143.

[6] T. Suzuki, et al., Phys. Rev. B 73 (2006) 224421.

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Room-Temperature Single-Step Synthesis of MnO2 Nanosheets

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K. Kai1, Y. Yoshida1,2, H. Kageyama1, G. Saito1,2, T. Ishigaki3, J. Kawamata3 1 Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University,

2 Research Institute, Meijo University, 3 Faculty of Science,Yamaguchi University

Preparation of single-layer manganese oxide nanosheets (monosheets) comprised of edge-shared MnO6 octahedra has relied on multistep and time-consuming processing involving a high-temperature solid-state synthesis of bulk templates, and succeeding ion-exchange and exfoliation reactions in solutions, causing high cost and long processing time. Here we demonstrate the first single-step approach to directly access the MnO2 monosheets, by the chemical oxidation of Mn(II) ion in the presence of tetramethylammonium cation in an aqueous solution. Of importance is that this template-free reaction readily proceeds within a day at room temperature. Self-assembling ability of the MnO2 monosheets allows to aggregate to form layered structures with cationic tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives as intercalants.

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< Conventional Multi-step Synthesis > < Room-temperature Single-step Synthesis >

A=alkali

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1#)}_.~." ��Ag��GHI�-R2��

A One-Dimensional Bose Gas – from the weakly interacting gas to the strongly correlated gas –

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ìío°o°î" 1�ÑµS°±²¯" HIµS°ãù" KLHIB¤=

Toshiya Kinoshita Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Course of Studies on Material Science, Kyoto University

A set of experiments was performed on a one-dimensional Bose gas system. A 3D Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb atoms formed in an all-optical trap was loaded into a 2D optical lattice that consists of an array of parallel 1D tubes. By measuring the total energy, cloud size, and local pair correlation function of the atoms, the properties of the 1D Bose gas from the weak coupling to strong coupling (Tonks-Girardeau) limit were elucidated for the first time. The characteristic property of fermionization of the wave functions was observed in the TG limit. CDwxly&

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o&p&q&r&

[1] T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, D. S. Weiss, Science 305, 1125 (2004).

[2] T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, D. S. Weiss, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 190406 (2005).

[3] L. Tonks, Phys Rev. 50, 955 (1936).

[4] M. Girardeau, J. Math. Phys. 1, 516 (1960).

[5] E. H. Lieb and W. Liniger, Phys Rev. 130, 1605 (1963).

[6] M. Olshanii, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 938 (1998).

[7] For Review of Optical Lattices, I. Bloch, Nature Physics, Vol. 1, 23 (2005).

[8] T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, D. S. Weiss, Phys. Rev. A. 71, 011602(R) (2005).

[9] M. Olshanii, V. Dunjko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 090401 (2003).

[10] W. Ketterle and N. J. Druten, Phys. Rev. A. 54, 656 (1996).

[11] T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, D. S. Weiss, Nature 440, 900 (2006). &

&

34

stuv&

�>" ��" _Toshiya Kinoshitaa

ìío°o°î" 1�ÑµS°±²¯" HIµS°ãù" KLHIB¤=" ÿä�

1996&" ìío°o°î" ï°±²¯" Kï°$dãù" íêãÜéì_ï°íêa

1996&" ÐÛ�«�¶°@" v.�_Ñ�e�³'±²à" �.²�±²å

1998&" ²J�" ��.��0��-Ã°±²à" �.²�±²å

2001&" ïìo°2°b" �Ó�g3êà" äÖßÆå

2001&" e0^'±G�üÌo°" Kï°¯" �.²�±²å

2007&" ìío°o°î" 1�ÑµS°±²¯" ÿä�_¾ða

¯°-.×á�r_JSTa÷öû5±²å_�âa

35

"

"

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��.�_3456��Ag��a��; Real-Space Observation of Hydrogen-Bond Exchange in Water Clusters

��" �X"�" ��X�=" � ìío°o°îï°±²¯n°ãù

T. Kumagai, M. Kaizu, H. Okuyama Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

Structure and dynamics of individual water clusters adsorbed on Cu(110) were studied by using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 6 K. The dimer consists of hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor molecules, and dynamically rearranges the hydrogen bond, resulting in the interchange of their roles. The large isotope effect (~60) was observed in the interchange rate between (H2O)2 and (D2O)2, suggesting that the process involves quantum tunneling. The interchange motion was enhanced upon the excitation of a specific vibration mode that correlates with the reaction coordinate.

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¤-ûÒÓÂÐ3Hhõ61 ¤-8J�_rs3�BûØW�þX�a�rsRhzÕu3Iõ6±

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$ÀN®cKL¯°±²³0�_´µ¶Ñ±²�¸¶¹º»¼

Report on LTM Center Workshop 7

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Anju Sawada Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University

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2009 at Kyoto University Clock Tower Centennial Hall.

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[1] Y. Tsujimoto et al., Nature 450, 1062 (2008)H

[2] C. Tassel et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 3764 (2008).

[3] H. Kageyama et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 5740 (2008).

[4] Y. Tsujimoto et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 214410 (2008).

53

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[1] A. P. Mackenzie and Y. Maeno, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 657 (2003). [2] R. Jin et al., Phys. Rev. B.

59, 4433 (1999). [3] C. Honerkamp and M. Sigrist, Prog. Theor. Phys. 100, 53 (1998).

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[email protected] " The role of 3He in the "so-called supersolid" 4He was investigated by the simultaneous measurement of torsional oscillator (TO) response and NMR with almost plastic torsional oscillator. 4He crystal with less than one ppm of 3He was made and TO properties showed "so-called supersolid" response. Then, 4He crystal with a few 100ppm of 3He was made and TO and NMR properties was investigated. TO properties showed no "supersolid response" as reported earlier with this concentration. However NMR properties was investigated as a first trial. Below the phase separation temperature, droplet of 3He appeared as reported by other NMR experiment with much more amount of 3He. Interesting thing is that there are two kinds of 3He droplet, which showed different T1, T2 and spin diffusion. One of them seems more stable than the other against temperature sweep even above the phase separation temperature. The less stable droplet showed similar properties as previous observation by other group and thus could be considered as droplet of 3He in homogeneous matrix of 4He crystal. The more stable droplet could be held by inhomogeneous (disordered) part of a crystal of 4He, which attract 3He impuity even above the phase separation temperature. If this disordered part is related to the “supersolid response”, very strong effect of 3He impurity on the "supersolid response" of 4He crystal can be understood.

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55

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[1] M. Noda, M. Yasuda, Y. Nakano, A. Ito, et al., Chem. Lett., 37, 396 (2008).

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[1] A. Ota et al., J. Mater. Chem., 12, 2600 (2002). [2] M. Chollet et al., Science, 307, 86 (2005).

[3] S.-F. Shao et al., J. Mater. Chem., 18, 2131 (2008).

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[1] E. Olshanetsky et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 165325 (2003).

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M. Kriener,1 T. Muranaka,2 J. Kato,2 Z.A. Ren,2 J. Akimitsu,2 and Y. Maeno1 1Department of Physics, Grad. School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 2Dep. of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama-Gakuin University, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan E-mailä[email protected]

The discovery of type-II superconductivity in heavily boron-doped diamond (C:B) [1] and cubic silicon (Si:B) [2] led to an increasing interest in the superconducting phases of wide-gap semiconductors. Recently, we found superconductivity in heavily boron-doped silicon carbide (SiC:B) [3]. Surprisingly, the latter system turned out to be a type-I superconductor and exhibits a quadratic temperature-dependence of the electronic specific heat at least down to ~350mK [4].

Here we will present and discuss specific-heat data on an extended temperature scale down to ~70mK. The power law behavior of cel holds to ~300mK. Below that temperature, we observe a residual density of states supporting a description of the superconductivity in this system in a BCS framework. The new data allows us to estimate the superconducting parameters more precisely which we will discuss in detail. [1] E.A. Ekimov et al., Nature 428, 542 (2004). [2] E. Bustarret et al., Nature 444, 465 (2006). [3] Z.A. Ren et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 76, 103710 (2007) [4] M. Kriener et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 024517 (2008). �Cb& aÿ!ØÙf�^Ü� þde· b�]ÏgÌX�CW:]:^Eþdek&

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[1] Y. Kamihara et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 3296.

[2]Y. Nakai et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 77 (2008) 073701. Y. Nakai et al., arXiv:0810.3569. &

FIG.1: Specific heat of heavily boron-doped silicon carbide.

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accepted in PRB; J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 145,

012046 (2009).

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�þ6H [1] R.Jin, Yu.Zadorozhny, Y.Liu, D.G.Schlom, Y.Mori, and Y.Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 59 (1998) 4433. [2] C.Honerkamp and M.Sigrist: Prog. Theo. Phys. 100 (1998) 53.

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[1] A. P. Mackenzie and Y. Maeno, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 (2003) 657.

[2] R. Jin, Yu. Zadorozhny, et al., Phys. Rev. B. 59 (1999) 4433.

[3] C. Honerkamp and M. Sigrist, Prog. Theor. Phys. 100 (1998) 53.

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Prof. George Pickett (Lancaster University, UK)

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broken symmetry-structure to that of the Universe after the transitions separating the strong, weak and E-M forces. The analogies are close enough that we can use the superfluid 3He condensate at very low temperatures (where there is no normal fluid) as a model system for studying a wide range of cosmological phenomena. We shall present the similarities between the superfluid and the Universe metric and illustrate the sort of experiments we can do by, among other things, looking first at quantized vortices in the superfluid as analogues of cosmic strings, and their production by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism analogously to supposed production mechanism for cosmic strings. Secondly, we will look at the phase interface between the two different phases of superfluid 3He (the A- and B-phases) which is the most coherent two-dimensional structure to which we have experimental access. This structure is our best current analogue of a cosmological brane. We describe experiments where we annihilate two such “branes” and detect the topological defects left in the superfluid “metric” after the annihilation. Braneworld scenarios are so far removed from everyday intuition that analogue laboratory experiments can provide valuable insight as well as validating those braneworld models which predict relic topological defects from brane annihilation.

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Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University) Number 14, JUNE 2009 Table of Contents...

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Transcript of Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University) Number 14, JUNE 2009 Table of Contents...