STARGAZING - fulmerphysics.weebly.com · History of Stargazing Copernicus - heliocentric...
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STARGAZING
By: Isabella Oh, Brandon Hsu, Claudia Romer
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● Earth: 13,000 km across and is made up of mostly molten rock and metal.
● Made up of four layers 1. Inner core2. Outer core3. Mantle4. Crust
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● Has an atmosphere of 100 km high➢ The atmosphere is what makes the Earth livable ➢ Blocks some of the Sun’s rays, traps heat, and has oxygen
so we can breath. ● Surrounded by a magnetic field ➢ The magnetic field protects the Earth from the Sun’s
subatomic particles
Atmosphere/Magnetic field
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Earth➝Solar System ➝Interstellar Neighborhood➝
Milky Way➝Virgo Galaxy Cluster➝Virgo Supercluster
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History of Stargazing
Copernicus - heliocentric
Brahe/Kepler - heliocentric
Newton - telescope, math, physics → revolution in astronomy
Galileo - improved telescope
Photography
Digital detectors
Satellites
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Solar Eclipse: When the moon passes over the Sun, which creates a large shadow.
Lunar Eclipse: When the Moon passes directly behind Earth and into its shadow
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Naked Eye Observation
1. Lots of stars2. Different
brightness3. Different colors4. Uneven in the sky5. Not all things in
the sky are stars6. Stars move over
time
Magnitudes Stars ● Created by
Hipparchus (Greek astronomer)
● Bright stars → lower magnitude
● Dimmer stars → higher magnitude
After finding distance and brightness, we can find a star’s:
• luminosity
• temperature
• mass
• diameter
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Constellations● Constellation:a group of stars forming a
recognizable pattern that is traditionally named after its apparent form or identified with a mythological figure.
● Used to identify different regions in the sky
● Stars in constellations are assigned Greek letters based on brightness
● But most stars are given numbers
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Planets
planets visible from Earth
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Telescopes
A telescope can make things easier to see: make the invisible visible, and make things already visible more clear
● Gathers light through the objective○ Lens or mirror used by a telescope for collecting light
● Exponential increase with objective area● Changes direction of light
○ Refracting telescope (breakable, bend frequencies of light differently)
○ Reflecting telescope (mirrors easier to use)
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Measuring the Universe
● Calculate distance to moon using lunar eclipse● Using Kepler’s 3rd law you can figure out distance from the
sun○ Transits of Mercury and Venus
● We then could predict motion of objects in space● Parallax helped us determine distance to certain objects
○ Stars “move” due to Earth’s rotation