Spanish III Lesson El 18 de Diciembre 2014
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Transcript of Spanish III Lesson El 18 de Diciembre 2014
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Espaol III
el 18dediciembre2014
Tarea is located at the bottomof the pageLos examenes de Captulo seacaban Test-Captulo 3B el 19 de
diciembre2014 maana
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!"xico# historia de m"xico enbreve $ %n busca de la &erdad
el 1' de diciembre 2014(ealidades 3B
META
1. Vocabulario del CENTRO2. Palabras importantes3. El Presente Progresivo4. Mandato- T Armativo (egulares e
irregulare!. "a "ecci#n
a. A Primera Vista p$ginas 1!%-1!&
b. Manos a la obra
p)gina 1*2 Las +lorietas,cti&idad 12 , La&ar. /)gina 13.
c. 'irect (b)ect Pronouns p$gina 1**
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d. Actividad 12 TA+E'E (T+A VE,
e. rregular T orm commands p$gina 1*%
Los conseos de una amiga,cti&idad 1*
. +epasos / verbos usados por 0acer laactividad
!. Comprendiste? Pgina 161+ealidades 2
(emember- Teston material covered t0is eerida/ or Monda/
Captulo 3el 5ami#n
la avenida
el sem$oro
la pla6a ocaloin M78icouente
el tr$9co
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la estatua
la se:al de parada
peat#n peaton$l
el cruce de la calle
el puente
estrec0o estrec0a
anc0o anc0ar$pido
despacio
c;rculos
glorietas
es
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sigue derec0o
mane)ar
5onducir =uiar
ten cuidado 5uidar
permiso de mane)ar
poner una multa
peligroso
pasar por
?TA+@Ecarretera
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'irect (b)ect
Pronouns otrave6
!e te lo la le nos os los las
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"#rmati$e
in%ormal &t'(commands
)egularT commands are t0e singular orm o inormalcommands. To tell a riend amil/ memberclassmate c0ild or pet to do somet0ing use t0earmative t command. To tell one o t0ose samepeople not to do somet0ing use t0e negative tcommand. T0is article covers t0e armativeinormal command inormal imperativeB in all itsorms.
CompratB los libros. Bu$ the boos56C
armative *o caminestB en el c7sped. 7on8t 9al on
the grass56C negative
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Armative
normal T5ommand orms
For the familiar affirmative Tcommands, you will simply use the 3rdperson singular form of the presentindicative.-AR verbs Add the 3rdperson singular ending !a to the stem
5omprarB Comprala camisa. Bu$ the shirt56-"R verbs Add the 3rdperson singular ending !e to the stem
AprenderB D"prendeespa:ol Learn:panish.6
-#R verbs Add the 3rdperson singular ending !e to the stem
EscribirB DEscribeel ensa/o ;rite theessa$.6
For verbs with stem changes or spelling changes in the presenttense, the stem or spelling change still applies.
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5errarB Cierrala puerta.
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D V7te =et out "a tareaF G$6laa0ora
He good D@7 bueno D@al "eave
D';me Tell me
Pronoun Placement it0 5ommands
'ronoun placement the pronoun is attached tothe end of affirmative commands and theverb carries a tilde to maintain its
original stress.
DG$blame
Punctuation to t0e +escue
(ecause the informal t) command *imperative+ is the sameconugation form as the 3rd person singular, it is helpful toinclude e%clamation points to indicate urgency or the name ofthe person you are commanding followed by a comma. ithoutthe comma, your sentence is ust the 3rd person singular present
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indicative. ompare the following sentences written withdifferent punctuation I Comprala camisa. @0e bu/s t0e s0irt.B -
present indicative I DComprala camisa Hu/ t0e s0irtB -inormal imperative I Alicia comprala camisa. Alicia bu/s t0es0irt.B - present indicative I Aliciacomprala camisa. Alicia bu/ t0es0irt.B - inormal imperative
Present
Progressive TensePresent Progressi$e
The present progressive is formed by combining the verb /to be/with the present participle. *The present participle is merely the
/-ing/ form of a verb.+# am studying.# am studying with 0ar1a.
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#n "nglish, present progressive can be used to describe what ishappening now, or what will happen in the future.# am studying now.
# am studying with 0ar1a tonight.
#n 2panish, the present progressive is only used to describe anaction that is in the process of ta$ing place. #t is notused forfuture actions.I am studying now.
*use present progressive+
I am studying with Mara tonight.*do notuse present progressive+
To form the present progressive in 2panish, combine a form of/estar/ with the present participle.Estoy hablando.
# am spea$ing.Juan est comiendo.
ohn is eating.Mara est escribiendo una carta.
0ary is writing a letter.
#n order to form the present progressive, you
must $now how to conugate the verb estar, andhow to form the present participle. 4ou already$now how to conugate the verb estar
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To form the present participle of -ir stem changing verbs, changeei and ou in the stem, and then add -iendo to the stem of theverb.
servir sirviendopedir pidiendodecir diciendodormir durmiendomorir muriendopoder pudiendo
2ometimes when forming the present participle it is necessary tochange the spelling of a word so that it agrees with the way it ispronounced. e call this an /orthographic/ change. 7ere aresome common e%amplescaer cayendocreer creyendohuir huyendo
ir yendoinfluir influyendoo1r oyendotraer trayendoleer leyendoseguir siguiendo
The following e%amples illustrate the rules for forming thepresent participle.hablar hablando*-ar+comer comiendo*-er+vivir viviendo*-ir+
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decir diciendo*ei+dormir durmiendo*ou+leer leyendo*orthographic+
seguir siguiendo*orthographic+
To form the present progressive, simply conugate the verb estarto agree with the subect of the sentence, and follow it with thepresent participle.uan est comiendopan.ohn is eating bread.
0ar1a y armen estn hablandocon nosotros.0ary and armen are spea$ing with us.
Remember, only use the present progressive for actions that are/in progress./ ompare the uses of the present indicative withthe uses of the present progressive.Estudio espaol.*'resent #ndicative+# study 2panish.# am studying 2panish *these days+.# do study 2panish.Estoy estudiando espaol.*'resent 'rogressive+# am studying (right now, at this moment)2panish.#t is important to remember that you would neveruse thepresent progressive to say something li$e /e are going to
2pain this summer./ 8se present progressive onlyfor actionsthat are /in progress./
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Spanish Present Progressive ~ Present
ContinuousT0e @panis0 present progressive or presentcontinuous is ver/ similar to its Englis0counterpart to be J -ingB. n bot0 languagest0e present progressive e8presses an in-progress action it0 an emp0asis on its
current temporar/ aspect.
>o estamos mirando
la tele&isi?n5
KeLre not atc0ingtelevision.
%sto$ trabaando@ nopuedo salir5 Lm oring canLt goout.
A/or u" no est)s
haciendo caso del
profesor
K0/ arenLt /ou pa/ingattention to t0eteac0erF
n Englis0 t0e present progressive can alsobe used or somet0ing t0at ill 0appen in t0e
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uture. Not so in @panis0. T0is use o t0eEnglis0 present progressive is e8pressed in@panis0 it0 t0e simple present uture ornear uture.
Lm going tot0e ban later.
Do$
=r"
Do$ a ir
} al banco m)s
tarde5
GeLs leavingtomorro.
:ale
:aldr)
Da a
salir
} maana5
M(+E +EVEK ( TGE P+E@ENTP+(=+E@@VE
T0e .panis- present
progressi$eis usuall/ ormed it0 t0epresent tense o estarJ gerundo t0e actionverb.
http://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/presenttense.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future-u.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/tobe.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/gerund.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/future-u.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/tobe.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/gerund.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/presenttense.html -
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%sto$ le$endo am reading
%st)s hablando Oou are speaing
%st) llorando Ge is cr/ing
T0ere are 9ve ot0er verbs 0ic0 can replaceestarand add a dierent nuance to t0epresent progressiveQ
and
ar
to be in t0e process oB doing
somet0ingAnda buscando suslla&es5
GeLs looing or 0ise/s.
ir to startRbe graduall/ doing somet0ingDo$ comprendiendo
la &erdad5
=Em starting to
understand the
http://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/ir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-andar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/ir.html -
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truth5
lle$
ar
to 0ave been doing somet0ing Englis0present perect progressiveB
Lle&o dos aos
trabaando au5
Lve been oring0ere or to /ears.
seg
uirto go onReepRcontinue doing somet0ing
:igue llo&iendo5 tLs still raining.
$eni
r
to 0ave been doing somet0ing Englis0present perect progressiveB
%s lo ue &engo
diciendo5
T0atLs 0at Lvebeen sa/ing.
http://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/vocabulary/expressions/ex-llevar.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/seguir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.htmlhttp://www.elearnspanishlanguage.com/grammar/verb/venir.html -
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1. En busca de la
$erdad)e$ie/ t-e -istoria bre$e de !ico
Captulo 3" yEn Busca de la verdad5ap;tulo 3A SFu" hiciste a$er
Parte de esta intensa lecci#nconsta dee8aminar los detalles de %> BG:C,7% L, D%(7,7555
consta de la cultura $ la historia de!"xico en bre&e para comprenderesta rande novela5Gn Conocimiento de la historia de!"xico es importante paracomprender lo ue pasa con loscar)cteres de la no&ela5
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,s es ue se presenta la historia de!"xico en breve
!a "istoria de M#$ico enbreve
El %eriodo de !os &ndiinas
Before the Spanish arrival in 1519, Mexico wasoccupied by a large number of Indian groups with verydifferent social and economic systems. In general thetribes in the arid north were relatively small groups ofhunters and gatherers who roamed extensive areas ofsparsely vegetated deserts and steppes. These people areoften referred to as Chichimecs, though they were amixture of several linguistically distinctive cultural groups.
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In the rest of the country the natives were agriculturalists,which allowed the support of dense populations. Amongthese were the Maya of the ucatan, Totonac, !uastec,
"tomi, Mixtecs, #apotecs, Tlaxcalans, Tarascans, andA$tecs. A number of these groups developed highcivili$ations with elaborate urban centers used forreligious, political, and commercial purposes. The Mayancities of Chichen It$a, %xmal, and &alen'ue, the A$teccapital of Tenochtitlan, T$int$unt$an of the Tarastec, andMonte Alban of the #apotecs are examples.
(y A) **++ the Toltecs had con'uered much of centraland southern Mexico and had established their capital atTula in the Mesa Central. They also built the city ofTeotihuacan near presentday Mexico City. At about thesame time, the #apotecs controlled the "axaca -alley andparts of the outhern !ighlands. The cities they built atMitla and Monte Alban remain, though they were ta/en
over by the Mixtecs prior to the arrival of the panish.
0hen the panish arrived in central Mexico, the A$tecscontrolled most of the Mesa Central through a state tributesystem that extracted taxes and political servility fromcon'uered tribal groups. The A$tecs migrated into the
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Mesa Central from the north and fulfilled a tribal prophesyby establishing a city where an eagle with a sna/e in itsbea/ rested on a cactus. This became the national symbol
of Mexico and adorns the country1s flag and official seal.The A$tecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan in the early*2++s, and it became the capital of their empire. TheTlaxcalans to the east, the Tarascans on the west, and theChichimecs in the north were outside the A$tec domainand fre'uently warred with them. The nation1s namederives from the A$tecs1 war god, Mexitli.
Spanish Conquest -LLegan los Espaoles
3rom the time of !ernando Corte$1s con'uest until
*45*, Mexico was a colony of pain. Corte$ first enteredthe -alley of Mexico on the Mesa Central in *6*7 aftermarching overland from -eracru$, the town he hadfounded on the 8ulf Coastal &lain.
0ith fewer than 5++ soldiers and a few horses, the initialcon'uest of the A$tecs was possible only with theassistance of the large Indian armies Corte$ assembled
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;ot surprisingly, Iturbide was crowned emperor of Mexicoin =uly *455, and the newly formed empire lasted lessthan a year. Iturbide was exiled from the country but
returned and was executed.
6eneral #ntonioLope$ de Santa #7#then e"erged as the do"inant political force for so"e
8+ ears'
Santa #nna !as president of .eico !hen Teas
revolted and during the .eican-#"erican ar of 1*:(
Benito 4uare$ears
After nearly a half century of independence, Mexico hadmade relatively little economic or political progress, and
the peasantry continued to suffer. In*464(enito=uare$, a #apotec from "axaca, became president.!eattempted to eliminate the role of the >oman Catholicchurch in the nation by appropriating its land and
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prerogatives. In *467 the :ey :erdo was issuedseparating church and state, abolishing monastic orders,
and nationali$ing churchproperty. Juarez had
anticipated that Indians and peasantswould reacquire the 50 percent of thenation's land formerly held by thechurch, but the properties werequicly purchased by the elite.
(ecause of the many years of economic and political
chaos that had elapsed, Mexico was
financially insolvent.
4uare$ and Suspension of pa"ent on foreign loans
In *4
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The (ritish and panish 'uic/ly withdrew, but 3rance
overthrew the Mexican government
and in*4
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landless--de0t peons 0ecause ofgovern"ent epropriation of
co""unall held far" villages'
.eican
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3orfirio ,=a$
Benito 4uare$
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.ai"iliano %
.>ico
(ecause )ia$ had surrounded himself with friends andcronies who gained economic and political power, therewas little opportunity for outsiders in the process even if
they were upperclass Mexicans. 3rancisco Madero, borninto a wealthy mining and ranching family of northernMexico, is credited with instigating the Mexican
>evolution. #fter the fraudulent electionof 191+) .adero led a revolutionar
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"ove"ent that in 1911 captured theisolated 0order cit of Ciudad 4uare$'
#n old "an in ill health) ,ia$ !asforced to resign) and .adero !aselected president on a platfor"pro"ising social refor"'
Madero was idealistic but politically inept. As a result hispresidency was shortlived and chaotic. 3elix )ia$,&orfirio1s nephew, and 8en. -ictoriano !uerta @oinedtogether in a rebellion that ousted Madero. !e and hisvicepresident, &ino uare$, were executed by the militaryin 3ebruary *7*2.
!uerta became president, but counterrevolutions bro/eout in the north. They were led by 8en. -enustianoCarran$a, a follower of Madero and governor of Coahuila,with &ancho -illa and 8en. Alvaro "bregon. &easants inthe south, disillusioned with Madero1s ineffectiveness,rallied behind the charismatic Indian revolutionary9miliano #apata. 0hile the northern revolutionaries werelargely interested in access to power, #apata and his
followers, the zapatistas,demanded land and liberty forthe peasantry.
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)uring the next few years disorder and chaos reigned. In*7*6 Carran$a overthrew !uerta to became president, butin the process he alienated -illa, among others. #apata
was /illed shortly after Carran$a came to power, but hisideal of agrarian reform became a cornerstone of therevolution. -illa returned to Chihuahua and raided bordertowns in the southwest ern %nited tates, includingColumbus, ;.M., where a number of Americans were/illed. American 8en. =ohn =. &ershing was sent intoMexico to capture -illa but was unsuccessful. BSee also-illa, &anchoD #apata, 9miliano.
The ma@or accomplishment of the Carran$a period was the
Constitution of *7*, which sought todestroy the feudalism that hadexisted in Mexico for ?++ years.
After Carran$a1s assassination in *75+, 6eneral &0regonascended to the presidenc' # strong individual) he!as 0oth !illing and a0le to push through socialrefor"s' is successor in 192: !as 6en' 3lutarcoElias Calles) a longti"e political all'
Calles was vigorously antichurch and was also unfriendlyto foreign capital investment. "nly through diplomaticintervention was Calles persuaded to reopen churches
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that had closed and to become less hostile to the foreigngovernments he had alienated.
&0regon !as elected to a second ter" in 192* 0ut
!as assassinated that sa"e ear'
!"I National "e#olutionary !arty
Calles) !ho had founded the 7ational
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The election of 8en. :a$aro Cardenas in *72? changedthe politics of the nation. Cardenas expelled Calles anddeveloped a vigorous sixyear plan to moderni$e the
country. !e redistributed more land than did all of hispredecessors combined, built rural schools, nationali$edthe petroleum industry and strengthened the unions.
Miguel Aleman -aldes, president from *7?< to *765, wasresponsible for massive publicwor/s pro@ects, includingirrigation schemes in the northwest and hydroelectricpower in the south. :uis 9cheverria Alvare$ B*7+I1s control ofelection procedures and ballot counting and placed limits
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on campaign spending. The agreement added * newamendments to Mexico1s constitution.
ixtyeight years of uninterrupted legislative rule by &>I
came to an end in =uly *77 as Mexican voters handedcontrol of the country1s lower house of parliament to twoopposition parties nominally allied against the &>I. 0hilethe &>I won the largest individual share of the vote,finishing with approximately 27 percent of the vote, it failedto win an independent ma@ority in the lower house for thefirst time since *757. The ;ational Action party B&A;
finished second in the election, capturing 5 percent of thevote, and the &arty of the )emocratic >evolution B&>)won nearly 5< percent of the vote. &olitical analysts werenearly unanimous in stating that the election resultsindicated that the Mexican political system had begun tomove away from thinly veiled oneparty rule and towardgenuine multiparty democracy. ;owhere was the changing
political atmosphere more evident than in Mexico City,where &>) leader Cuahtemoc Cardenas olor$ano won alandslide victory in the mayoral race.
ome >ecent >elations with the %nited tates
>elations between the %nited tates and Mexicofluctuated in the 5+th century. A longstanding borderdispute was settled in *7
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ever reached between them. The continentwide ;orthAmerican 3ree Trade Agreement B;A3TA went into effectin *77?. In addition, the %nited tates and Mexico have
wor/ed cooperatively to deal with the flow of illegalnarcotics traffic from Mexico to the %nited tates. The'uestion of illegal The 'uestion of illegal immigration andthe treatment of illegals in the %nited tates is also asource of irritation between the nations.
%nrest in Chiapas
Tensions between progovernment paramilitary forces andthe antigovernment #apatista ;ational :iberation ArmyB9#:; exploded during the first two wee/s of =anuary in*77?, when 9#:; guerrillas staged an uprising throughoutChiapas in protest against the Mexican government1streatment of Mexico1s large but impoverished Indiancommunity. The *77? uprising left at least *?+ peopledead, and it spar/ed an ongoing struggle that raged
throughout the southern state of Chiapas and claimedbetween 2++ and
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supporters of the antigovernment peasant rebellion thatbegan in Chiapas in *77?EEEEE..
/oncho &illa
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1. 5ultura 0istoria / 5onocimiento de las ciudades deEn busca de la verdad
2. =uana)uato M78ico
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3. @an Miguel de Allende M78ico
4. @an Antonio Te8as
!. El museo de !omias de +uanauato
Cap'tulo (A)ram*tica
El Pret7ritoT0e Preterite tense is used to indicate a completedaction in t0e past. somet0ing t0at as completed-9nis0ed in t0e past
Verbos regulares
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-A+
-7-aste-#-amos
-asteis-aronVerbos -er e -ir regulares
-;-iste-i#
-imos-isteis-ieron
Verbos irregulares
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Vieron
5ase irregular
5aer
5a;5a;ste5a/#5a;mos5a;steis5a/eron.
(+
(;(;ste(/#(;mos(;steis(/eron
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5+EE+
5re;5re;ste5re/#5re;mos5re;steis5re/eron
"EE+
"e;"e;ste
"e/#"e;mos"e;steisle/eron
5ase also 0as-
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All Cuir verbs
5onstruirnUuir.....
5onstruir
5onstru;5onstru;ste5onstru/#5onstru;mos5onstru;steis5onstru/eron
5ase @E+ AN' +
uiuisteueuimos
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uisteisueron
@er
u;uisteu7uimosuisteisueron
(TA group
5ase V
,ota roup
"ll cir $erbs tae t-e 5
'ecir
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'i)e'i)ste
di)odi)imosdi)isteisdi)eron
T+AE+ goes it0 t0ecase V verbs
Tra)e
Tra)isteTra)oTra)imos
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Tra)isteis
Tra)eronCase7 7 group
E.") E*E) "*,")
Estar
E@T?VEE@T?V@TEE@T?V(E@T?VM(@
E@T?V@TE@E@T?VE+(N"*,")
AN'?VEAN'?V@TEAN'?V(
AN'?VM(@AN'?V@TE@AN'?VE+(N
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TENE+
T?VE
T?V@TE
T?V(
T?VM(@
T?V@TE@T?VE+(N
5ase V "os independientes
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Poner
Puse
PusistePusoPusimosPusisteisPusieron
Poder
Pude
Pudiste
Pudo
PudimosPudisteisPudieron
7enirVineVinisteVinoVinimos
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Vinisteis
9acerGiceGicisteGi6oGicimosGicisteisGicieron
@aberQ to no a act
Not used in conversationn spoen @panis0 it is used
to meanWto 0ave ound out....X
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@upe@upiste@upo@upimos@upisteissupieron
noing is a process
@aber- n order to sa/ t0at/ou Wne....somet0ingX /oumust use t0 eimperecttense orm o t0e verb
@ab;a
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@ab;as@ab;a
@ab;amos@ab;aissab;an
Oo no sab;a la respuesta.
>uerer - to ant
Oou can not use t0e preperite orm o t0everb >?E+E+ since YantingY impliesan on goingsense o desire......
n conversational @panis0 /ou must uset0e mperect orm o t0e con)ugation toindicate Wanting...or antedX
Preterite orm o t0e verb :;E)E)
>uise>uisiste
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>uiso>uisimos>uisisteis
>usieron
n spoen @panis0 t0is means to ha&erefused0en t0e ord >H comesbeore eac0 con)ugate.
Oo no
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No uer;a>uer;as>uer;a>uer;amos
>uer;ais>uer;an
Oo
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,ormir
'orm;
'ormiste
'urmi#
'ormimos
'ormisteis
'urmieron
PE'+
Ped;
Pediste
Pidi#
Pedimos
Pedisteis
Pidieron
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(t0er e to i stem-c0anging verbs.....
@ervir reir pedir dormir sonrei.........
5ase V
-5ar
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Tocar
To
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/on0t oret
G(ME (?+NA"@% current lesson in
9>!E 5>;)*"?.@@@
!onda+=Arida+ @@@
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)E7IEB 9E 7E). I* 9E 7E)
P"CE@
TA+EA
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)ealidades 3
El 1
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