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![Page 1: Softwaretechnologie für Fortgeschrittene Teil Eide Stunde V: Modelling (with contributions from Christian-Emil Ore, Jon Holmen, and other colleagues at.](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020505/570491cd1a28ab14218df3ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Softwaretechnologie für FortgeschritteneTeil Eide
Stunde V: Modelling
(with contributions from Christian-Emil Ore, Jon Holmen, and other colleagues at the Unit for
Digital Documentation, University of Osloand from Martin Dörr and Stephen Stead,
CIDOC-CRM SIG)
Köln 4. Februar 2016
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Reminder: Event centric data model
source recording result
Event”recording”
Types– Photographing– Repro– Copying– Scanning
Media object
Types– Analogue negative– Analogue positive– Digital photo– Digital copy – ….
Person PlaceTime span
when performed by where
Source of Results in
Media object
Types– External– Analogue negative– Analogue positive– Digital photo– Digital copy– ….
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Reminder: Data model (example)
Separation between “information object” and “information carriers”
Event 1Camera, 1966
media_unit a negative film
media_unit b paper positive
media_unit cfile from scanner
media_unit dfile
Event 2Copying, ?
Event 3Scan, 1997
Event 4Resizing, 2004
media_group
(information object)
Is carrier of
disciplinecataloguing
disciplinecataloguing
…
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Remember: Database
Common schema• media_group
– id– process_xml– tech_metadata
• media_unit– tech_metadata– default {0, 1}
• schema_setup– process_spec– delete_limit
• process– process_spec– status {0, 1, 2, 9}
Discipline schema 2• image_card
– media_group_id– concent_metadata
• subject specific tables
Discipline schema 1• image_card
– media_group_id– concent_metadata
• subject specific tables
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Which discipline?
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Which discipline?
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Which discipline?
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Which discipline?
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Identical photographs?
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Which discipline?
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Which discipline?
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Which discipline?
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Event centric data model
Media Object A
Type: Digital copy”Skrik”
Media Object B
Type: Digital copi:”The Imsdal man”
Source for
Source for
Event
Type:Use of photoshop
Media Object D
Type: Collage”The Imsdal man Meets Munch”
Person PlaceTimespan
when Performed by when
Results in
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Date model, concepts and things
Media group-unit AInformationObject
”Skrik”
Media Object AType: Digital copy
Based on
Media group- unit BInformationObject
”The Imsdal man”
Media Object BType: Digital copy
Media Object CType: Digital copy
Media group-unit CInformationObject
”The Imsdal man Meets Munch”
…
Physical thing
Conceptual object
Conceptual object
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Model of vs. model for
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Modelling strategies: examples
• Modelling for production– Computer science – e.g. UML– Digital Humanities – e.g. TEI
• Modelling for understanding– Digital Humanities– (Humanities, natural sciences, …)
• Modelling for data integration– Computer science – e.g. Semantic Web– Digital Humanities – e.g. TEI– Cultural heritage – e.g. CIDOC-CRM
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17
Introducing CIDOC-CRMHistorical Archives…
Type: TextTitle: Protocol of Proceedings of Crimea Conference Title.Subtitle: II. Declaration of Liberated Europe Date: February 11, 1945Creator: The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The President of the United States of AmericaPublisher: State DepartmentSubject: Postwar division of Europe and Japan
“The following declaration has been approved:The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States of America have consulted with each other in the common interests of the people of their countries and those of liberated Europe. They jointly declare their mutual agreement to concert… ….and to ensure that Germany will never again be able to disturb the peace of the world…… “
DocumentsMetadata
About…
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Images, non-verbose…
Type: ImageTitle: Allied Leaders at Yalta Date: 1945Publisher: United Press International (UPI)Source: The Bettmann ArchiveCopyright: CorbisReferences: Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin Photos, Persons
Metadata
About…
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19
Places and ObjectsTGN Id: 7012124Names: Yalta (C,V), Jalta (C,V) Types: inhabited place(C), city (C)Position: Lat: 44 30 N,Long: 034 10 EHierarchy: Europe (continent) <– Ukrayina (nation) <– Krym (autonomous republic)Note: …Site of conference between Allied powers in WW II in 1945; ….Source: TGN, Thesaurus of Geographic Names
Places, Objects
About…
Title: Yalta, Crimean PeninsulaPublisher: Kurgan-LisnetSource: Liaison Agency
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20 20
The Integration Problem (1)
• Problem 1: identification of things– Actors, Roles, proper names:
• The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Allied leader, Allied power Joseph Stalin….
– Places• Jalta, Yalta • Krym, Crimea
– Events• Crimea Conference, “Allied Leaders at Yalta”,“… conference between Allied
powers” “Postwar division”– Objects and Documents:
• The photo, the agreement text
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21 21
• Problem 2: hidden (implicit) entities (typically under “title”)– Actors
• Allied leader, Allied power– Places
• Yalta, Crimea– Events
• Crimea Conference, “Allied Leaders at Yalta”,“… conference between Allied powers” “Postwar division”
• Solution:– Make better metadata structures: but what are the
relevant elements?
The Integration Problem (2)
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Explicit Events, Object Identity, Symmetry
P14 performed
P11 participated in
P94 has created
E31 Document“Yalta
Agreement”
E7 Activity
“Crimea Conference”
E65 Creation Event*
E38 Image
P86 falls within
P7 took place at
P67 is referred to by
E52 Time-SpanFebruary 1945
P81 ongoing throughout
P82 at some time within
E39 Actor
E39 Actor
E39 Actor
E53 Place7012124
E52 Time-Span1945-02-11
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23
The Intellectual Role of the CRM
Legacy systems
Legacy systemsData
basesWorld Phenomena
?
Data structures &Presentation models
Conceptualization
abstracts fromapproximates
explains,motivates
organize
refer to
Data in various forms
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24
Top-level classes useful for integration
participate in
E39 Actors
E55 Types
E28 Conceptual Objects
E18 Physical Thing
E2 Temporal Entities
E41
App
ella
tions
affect or / refer to
refer to / refine
refe
r to
/ id e
nti fy
location
atwithin E53 PlacesE52 Time-Spans
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Event centric data model
Media Object A
Type: Digital copy”Skrik”
Media Object B
Type: Digital copi:”The Imsdal man”
Source for
Source for
Event
Type:Use of photoshop
Media Object D
Type: Collage”The Imsdal man Meets Munch”
Person PlaceTimespan
when Performed by when
Results in
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Visual Content and Subject
E24 Physical Man-Made Thing
E55 Type
E1 CRM Entity P62 depicts
(is depicted by)
P62.1 mode of depiction
P65 shows visual item (is shown by)
E36 Visual Item
P138 represents(has representation)
E73 Information Object
E38 Image
P67 refers to (is referred to by)
E84 Information Carrier
P128 carries (is carried by)
P138.1 mode of depiction
E37 Mark
E34 Inscription
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Date model, concepts and things
Media group-unit AInformationObject
”Skrik”
Media Object AType: Digital copy
Based on
Media group- unit BInformationObject
”The Imsdal man”
Media Object BType: Digital copy
Media Object CType: Digital copy
Media group-unit CInformationObject
”The Imsdal man Meets Munch”
…
Physical thing
Conceptual object
Conceptual object
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II 0. UML 2.0 (2003 / 04 ff.)
28
UML ist eine Sammlung von "graphischen Sprachen", d.h. Regelsystemen für die Konstruktion graphischer Schemata, die:unterschiedliche Perspektiven von Anforderungen an Systeme und Entwürfen von Systemteilen, sowie deren Zusammenwirken darstellen,einander dabei überlappen können undunabhängig voneinander verwendet werden können.
Am wichtigsten:Klassenmodelle beschreiben den strukturellen Aufbau eines Systems,Anwendungsfallmodelle (Use Cases) beschreiben die Interaktion mit dem System aus Benutzersicht.
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II 1. Klassendiagramme
29
Objekt „Mitarbeiter“(kann Attribute und Methoden haben) Programmierung
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II 1. Klassendiagramme
30
Binäre Assoziation beschreibt die Beziehungen zwischen Klassen
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II 1. Klassendiagramme
31
Multiplizität gibt an, wie viele Objekte an einer Assoziation beteiligt sein können.
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II 1. Klassendiagramme
32
Reflexive Assoziation verbindet Objekte einer Klasse miteinander.
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II 1. Klassendiagramme
33
Aggregation verbindet beliebig viele Klassen zu einer übergeordneten.
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II 1. Klassendiagramme
34
Generalisierungsbeziehung zwischen Superklasse und Subklasse.
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
35
Das Verhalten eines Systems kann als Sammlung von Anwendungsfällen ( = use cases) beschrieben werden.
Ein Anwendungsfall beschreibt eine Klasse möglicher Interaktionen.
Konkrete Anwendungsfälle heißen auch Szenarien. ( scenario based design.)
Anwendungsfälle werden in strukturiertem Text beschrieben.
Alle möglichen Anwendungsfälle - oder ein für ein bestimmtes Teilsystem relevanter Teil - werden als Anwendungsfalldiagramm realisiert.
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
36
Anwendungsfall als strukturierter Text (auch als Aktivitäts – oder Zustandsdiagramme)
Beispiel: "Buch an einem Selbstausleiheautomaten ausleihen"
Normallfall:1.BenutzerIn liest Ausweis in System ein; System validiert Ausweis.2. BenutzerIn wählt "Ausleihen"; System aktiviert Ausleihfunktion.3.BenutzerIn liest Buchcode ein; System identifiziert das Buch, registriert Ausleihe, deaktiviert das Diebstahletikett.
Auch Sonderfälle
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
37
Akteur
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
38
Anwendungsfall
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
39
Anwendungsfall-diagramm
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
40
Include:Bindet anderenAnwendungsfall ein, der an mehreren Stellen genutzt werden kann.
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II 2. Anwendungsfalldiagramme
41
Extend:Modelliert Varianten, die einen Basisanwendungsfall abwandeln.
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II 3. Zustandsdiagramme
42
Zustandsdiagramme modellieren das dynamische zeitliche Verhalten eines Systems.
Auch state machine state diagram
Mögliche Zustände der Objekte einer Klasse oder eines Teilsystems.
Dynamik des Systemverhaltens: Reaktionen auf äußere Ereignisse.
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II 3. Zustandsdiagramme
43
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II 4. Aktivitätsdiagramme
44
Aktivitätsdiagramme beschreiben Abläufe in einem System.
Verbinden Aktivitäten, einen Steuerfluss und Objektzustände miteinander.
Erinnern stark an traditionelle "Flussdiagramme" (und haben auch alle ihrer Nachteile).
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II 4. Aktivitätsdiagramme
45
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II 5. Interaktionssicht
46
Ziel: Darstellung der Interaktion ausgewählter Objekte in zeitlicher Folge.
Entweder als Sequenzdiagramme, die die Zeitachse in den Mittelpunkt rücken …
… oder als Zusammenarbeitsdiagramme die Objektstruktur und Aufrufe der Objekte in den Vordergrund rücken.
(Beide Diagrammtypen sind logisch äquivalent!)
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II 5. Interaktionssicht
47
Als Sequenzdiagramm …
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II 5. Interaktionssicht
48
… und als Zusammenarbeitsdiagramm.
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II 6. Paketdiagramme
49
Ziel: Aufteilung eines großen auf mehrere kleine Systeme.
Innerhalb der Pakete müssen Namen eindeutig sein – aber eben nicht zwischen Ihnen.
(Vgl. Namespacekonzept in XML.)
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II 6. Paketdiagramme
50
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II 7. Komponentendiagramme
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Ziel: Aufteilung der Gesamtfunktionalität eines Systems auf mehrere Softwaremodule, die:
Möglichst unabhängig voneinander entwickelt / gewartet werden können.Nur über genau definierte Schnittstellen miteinander kommunizieren.
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Ziel: Aufteilung der Gesamtfunktionalität eines Systems auf mehrere Hardwaremodule (Server).
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