Socraticseminars
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Transcript of Socraticseminars
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tôi muốn đánh đổi cả sự nghiệp công nghệ của mình lấy một buổi chiều với Socrates
--Steven Paul Jobs
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Socratic SeminarsSocratic SeminarsAn Instructional Unit for Pre-service TeachersAn Instructional Unit for Pre-service Teachers
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What does What does SocraticSocratic mean? mean?
Socratic comes from the name Socratic comes from the name
SocratesSocrates
Classical Greek philosopher who developed a Classical Greek philosopher who developed a
Theory of Knowledge. Theory of Knowledge.
http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ELA/SocraticSeminars/faqsaboutss.htm
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What was Socrates' Theory of What was Socrates' Theory of Knowledge?Knowledge?
Socrates was convinced that the surest way Socrates was convinced that the surest way attainattain
reliable knowledge was through the practice ofreliable knowledge was through the practice of
disciplined disciplined
conversationconversationHe called this method He called this method dialecticdialectic. .
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What does dialectic mean?What does dialectic mean?
di-a-di-a-leclec-tic (noun) means the art or practice of -tic (noun) means the art or practice of
examining opinions or ideas logically, examining opinions or ideas logically,
often by the method of often by the method of
QuestionQuestion and and AnswerAnswer so as to determine their validity. so as to determine their validity.
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How did Socrates use the How did Socrates use the dialectic?dialectic?
He would begin with a discussion of the obvious He would begin with a discussion of the obvious
aspects of any aspects of any
problemproblem Socrates would feign ignorance about a subject Socrates would feign ignorance about a subject
and try to draw out from the other person hisand try to draw out from the other person his
fullest possible knowledge about it. fullest possible knowledge about it.
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The VisionThe Vision
Socrates believed that enabling students to think for themselves was more important than filling their heads with“right answers.”
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The VisionThe Vision
Participants seek deeper understanding of complex ideas through rigorously thoughtful dialogue, rather than by memorizing bits of information.
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What is a Socratic Seminar?What is a Socratic Seminar?
A Socratic Seminar is a method used to understand A Socratic Seminar is a method used to understand information by creating dialectic in class information by creating dialectic in class
regarding aregarding a
specific textspecific text
Participants seek deeper understanding of complexParticipants seek deeper understanding of complexideas in text through rigorous thoughtful dialogue,ideas in text through rigorous thoughtful dialogue,
rather than by memorizing bits of information. rather than by memorizing bits of information.
http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ELA/SocraticSeminars/faqsaboutss.htm
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What are Socratic Seminars?What are Socratic Seminars?
Highly motivating form of intellectual and scholarly discourse.
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What are Socratic Seminars?What are Socratic Seminars?
Usually range from 30-50 minutes An effective
Socratic Seminar creates dialogue as opposed to debate.
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Benefits include:Benefits include:
Time to engage in in-depth discussions, problem solving, and clarification of ideas
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Benefits include:Benefits include:
Building a strong, collaborative work culture
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Benefits include:Benefits include:
Enhanced knowledge and research base
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Benefits include:Benefits include:
Increased success for all students
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Benefits include:Benefits include:
Teaching respect for diverse ideas, people, and practices
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Benefits include:Benefits include:
Creating a positive learning environment for all students
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Overview and ReviewOverview and Review
http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bestpractice/socratic/index.html
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Four ElementsFour Elements
An effective seminar consists of four interdependent elements:
1. the text being considered
2. the questions raised
3. the seminar leader, and
4. the participants
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The Text:The Text: Socratic Seminar texts are chosen for richness in Socratic Seminar texts are chosen for richness in ideas, issues, values and their ability to stimulate ideas, issues, values and their ability to stimulate
dialogue. dialogue. A good text raises importantA good text raises important
questionsquestions
There are no right or wrong answers. There are no right or wrong answers. At the end of successful Socratic Seminars, At the end of successful Socratic Seminars,
participants often leave with more questions than participants often leave with more questions than they brought with them.they brought with them.
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The TextThe Text
Socratic Seminar texts are chosen for their richness in ideas, issues, and values, and their ability to stimulate extended, thoughtful dialogue.
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The TextThe Text
A seminar text can be drawn from readings in literature, history, science, math, health, and philosophy or from works of art or music.
http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ELA/SocraticSeminars/faqsaboutss.htm
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The Question:The Question:
A Socratic Seminar opens with a A Socratic Seminar opens with a
QuestionQuestionposed by the leader or solicited from participants posed by the leader or solicited from participants
as they acquire more experience in seminars. as they acquire more experience in seminars.
Responses to the opening question generate newResponses to the opening question generate new
questions from the leader and participants, questions from the leader and participants, leading to new responses. leading to new responses.
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The QuestionThe Question An opening question has no right answer
It reflects a genuine curiosity on the part of the leader.
Does the factory model of education cause the oppression and failure of many non-mainstream cultures?
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The QuestionThe Question An effective opening question leads
participants back to the text as they speculate, evaluate, define, and clarify the issues involved. Responses to the opening question generate new
questions The line of inquiry evolves on the spot rather than
being predetermined by the leader.
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Starting DialogueStarting Dialogue Asking questions is the key! A leader prompts the use of dialogue
Participants learn to be less attached to their ideas and less reliant on persuasion for influencing opinions.
Dialogue is a skill of collaboration that enables groups to create collective thinking.
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Discussion & DialogueDiscussion & Dialogue Discussion in the dictionary is "a close
examination of a subject with interchange of opinions, sometimes using argument, in an effort to reach an agreement.
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The Leader:The Leader:
In a Socratic Seminar, the leader plays a dual role as In a Socratic Seminar, the leader plays a dual role as
Leader Leader and and ParticipantParticipant Keeps the discussion focused on the text byKeeps the discussion focused on the text by
asking follow-up questionsasking follow-up questions helping clarify positions when arguments become helping clarify positions when arguments become
confusedconfused involving reluctant participantsinvolving reluctant participants
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The Leader:The Leader:
As a seminar participant, the leader actively engages As a seminar participant, the leader actively engages
in the group's exploration of thein the group's exploration of the
texttextTo do this effectively, the leader must know the text To do this effectively, the leader must know the text
well enough to anticipate varied interpretations and well enough to anticipate varied interpretations and
recognize important possibilitiesrecognize important possibilities
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The ParticipantsThe Participants
In a Socratic Seminar, participants carry the burden In a Socratic Seminar, participants carry the burden
of responsibility for the of responsibility for the quality of the seminar. of the seminar.
There are three ways to do this:There are three ways to do this:
Studying Studying
ParticipatingParticipating
SharingSharing
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Expectations of ParticipantsExpectations of ParticipantsDid I…..Did I….. Speak loudly and clearly? Speak loudly and clearly? Cite reasons and evidence for my statements? Cite reasons and evidence for my statements? Use the text to find support? Use the text to find support? Listen to others respectfully? Listen to others respectfully? Stick with the subject? Stick with the subject? Talk to others, not just to the leader? Talk to others, not just to the leader? Paraphrase accurately?Paraphrase accurately? Avoid inappropriate language?Avoid inappropriate language? Ask questions to clear up confusion? Ask questions to clear up confusion? Support others? Support others? Avoid hostile exchanges? Avoid hostile exchanges? Question others in a civil manner? Question others in a civil manner? Seem prepared?Seem prepared?
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The Process - Pre-SeminarThe Process - Pre-Seminar
http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bestpractice/socratic/process2.html
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The Process - During the The Process - During the SeminarSeminar
http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bestpractice/socratic/process3.html
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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The Process - Post SeminarThe Process - Post Seminar
http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bestpractice/socratic/process4.html
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Seminar Planning FormSeminar Planning Form
http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/form.phtmlform.phtml
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Self Rating FormSelf Rating Form
http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/chart.phtmlchart.phtml
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Observation FormObservation Form
http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/observation.phtmlobservation.phtml
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Facility Evaluation FormFacility Evaluation Form
http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/facilitator.phtml facilitator.phtml
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Assessment RubricAssessment Rubric
http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/http://www.journeytoexcellence.org/practice/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/instruction/theories/miscideas/socratic/facilitator.phtmlfacilitator.phtml
Other Sample AssessmentsOther Sample Assessments
http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bestpractice/socratic/http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bestpractice/socratic/assessment.htmlassessment.html
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ReferencesReferences
http://cfbstaff.cfbisd.edu/juliank/AVID/http://cfbstaff.cfbisd.edu/juliank/AVID/Socratic%20Seminar%20Notes.htmSocratic%20Seminar%20Notes.htm
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Socratic Seminar - Socratic Seminar - Factory Model of Education as Factory Model of Education as
Discussed by Pre-Service Discussed by Pre-Service TeachersTeachers
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The TextThe TextEducation Schooling, LearningEducation Schooling, Learninghttp://www.polyarchy.org/education.htmlhttp://www.polyarchy.org/education.html
Competing Models of EducationCompeting Models of Educationhttp://www.commondreams.org/views05/0226-25.htmhttp://www.commondreams.org/views05/0226-25.htm
Remodel Schools into Knowledge FactoriesRemodel Schools into Knowledge Factorieshttp://www.pbs.org/merrow/news/usa_today4.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/merrow/news/usa_today4.html
Models of PedagogyModels of Pedagogyhttp://www.riccistreet.net/port80/boardwalk/highered/models.htmhttp://www.riccistreet.net/port80/boardwalk/highered/models.htm
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The QuestionsThe Questions
Does the factory model of education provide Does the factory model of education provide students with the skills needed to increase their students with the skills needed to increase their chance of survival in the United States chance of survival in the United States society?society?
Does the factory model of education cause the Does the factory model of education cause the oppression and failure of many non-oppression and failure of many non-mainstream cultures? mainstream cultures?
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Student ReactionsStudent Reactions
Like many, this Socratic seminar was my first and I found it to be enjoyable. I feel that it is beneficial because every voice in the group is heard. I believe that teaching is a profession in which the professionals need to talk more and be more open about their careers and their practices.
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Student ReactionsStudent Reactions
One of only drawbacks to the seminar is a time restraint. It is hard to really delve deep into the questions when everyone needs to talk and there are only 60 minutes to talk. Much time is needed to talk about these problems but I feel it is very important for us to begin now, while in training, so that hopefully in the future we will continue the practice at our school sites.
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Student ReactionsStudent Reactions
Exchanging ideas in such an environment allows for both a broad, and a deep, understanding of a text, and for the ideas that the text elicits. Also, gratification from a community-based, respectfully conducted, shared experience holds benefits for all. The drawbacks enter when any of the criteria are not met. That is, when any component (leader, participant, question, text) does not meet its responsibility, the quality of the seminar "can be" sacrificed.
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Student ReactionsStudent Reactions
I felt really nervous going into the seminar with it being my first stab. I felt like I was prepared being that I read and re-read the literature, made notes and created questions, but then when we all sat down in a circle, my brain flew the coop. A thought would come to mind and then I'd flip through the readings trying to find the source for the thought, and then I'd feel like the conversation had moved on. But, I did like the structure and felt our group worked at being respectful and being supportive of what our fellow classmates had contributed to the conversation.
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Student ReactionsStudent Reactions
Well, for this being my first Socratic seminar ever, I was a bit blown away by the whole process. In general, I like to think before I speak- al least in the educational world, and I found it very hard to listen to what other's were saying while trying to find the quote or piece to back up my comment. However, I did find the conversation to move nicely and we really did come up with new questions and answers to the topics. I was afraid this was going to turn into a messy debate over personal opinions- we stuck to the directions nicely.
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Student ReactionsStudent Reactions
The ability to search out relevant quotes and formulate your own thoughts while simultaneously listening deeply to others' comments is a pretty specialized skill and one that I think develops the more you use the Socratic seminar model. I think we did amazingly well for a first-try. A Socratic seminar is very much a process - it does not fit neatly into a small period of time, The great thing about learning it well, though, is that it is very empowering to know that you have just as much control over the conversation as anyone else . . .