SLAPP USAT Opposition

8/8/2019 SLAPP USAT Opposition

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/slapp-usat-opposition 1/28

LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\„ D]]D\NWNDH WD EDJH GDA) c`c \WD@@IA_@„\ FDW( WD SQC\J&LR =>&:= ?;1 FN\L *\N.

\LJNBB JC_GNH II]EABB_A^ _( [NIINCF\ *Lci( Ocr Hd( :7312.

er{niincf|M|ljnbbjcrgnh(ldfCIAZ ]( LCWCIDHC *Lci( Ocr Hd( ?==>=3.clcwcidhcM|ljnbbjcrgnh(ldfDha Fcr`aw) \}acr \wraaw Wd{ar) <?hg Biddr\ch Brchln|ld) LC >73=1Waia}jdha5 *731. >=3&:;==Bcl|nfnia5 *731. >=3&:;=3

Cwwdrha~| bdr ]icnhwnbb Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\) NHL(

QHNWAG \WCWA\ GN\W_NLW LDQ_W

HD_WJA_H GN\W_NLW

\CH B_CHLN\LD GNRN\NDH

Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\) NHL()

]icnhwnbb&_a|}dhgahw)

(

EDJH GDA) c(`(c() ’\WD@@IA_@)‖aw ci()

Gabahgchw&Fdchw(

Lc|a Hd( LR =>&:= ?;1 FN\L *\N.

Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\ NHL(„\D]]D\NWNDH WD GABAHGCHWEDJH GDA) C(@(C(\WD@@IA_@„\ FDWNDH WDSQC\J WJA \QO]DAHC WD^CJDD# NHL( \AA@NHKNGAHWNW^ NHBD_FCWNDH

Gcwa5 Galafoar 3:) ?==>Wnfa5 >5== c(f(Ldqrwrddf5 3=) 3>wj BiddrEqgka5 Jdh( \q|ch Nii|wdh

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka3 db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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WCOIA DB LDHWAHW\

]cka

N( \QFFC_^ DB D]]D\NWNDH((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3

NN( \WCWAFAHW DB BCLW\((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?

NNN( ]_DLAGQ_CI JN\WD_^((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((33

NR( C_KQFAHW ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

C( Wja Ldh|wnwqwndhci Brcfa{dr`( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

3( Wja Bnr|w Cfahgfahw Gda| Hdw ]rdwalw Gabcfcwndh( (((((((((((3?

?( Ldqrw| Fq|w Ocichla C Gabcfcwndh ]icnhwnbb„| _nkjw Wd_agra|| Ckcnh|w Wja Gabahgchw„| Nhwara|w Nh ]d|wnhkChdh~fdq|i~ Dhinha((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3<

O( Q\CW Jc| ]rdah C ]rnfc Bclna Lc|a Db ClwndhcoiaGabcfcwndh Qhgar ]ahh|~ichnc Ic{( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((37

3( ]ahh|~ichnc Gabcfcwndh Ic{ Kdarh|( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((37

?( \wd`ìar`„| \wcwafahw| Ldh|wnwqwaGabcfcwndh ]ar \a((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((31

<( Nw N| \wd`ìar`„| Oqrgah Wd A|wcoin|jWja Gabah|a Db ’Wrqwj(‖ ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3>

7( Cllq|nhk Q\CW Db D}arcwnhk C ]dhun \ljafaN| Clwndhcoia Gabcfcwndh Cw Ldffdh Ic{((((((((((((((((((((((((((?=

1( \wd`ìar` Gda| Hdw A|lc}a Inconinw~ O~Licnfnhk Jn| Gabcfcwdr~ ]d|wnhk| Cra ’D}nhndh(‖ ((((((((((((((?3

2( Q\CW„| Ldf}icnhw Faaw| Wja ]iacgnhk _asqnrafahw| Db Wja Bagarci _qia| Db Lnni ]rdlagqra( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((??

R( LDHLIQ\NDH (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((??

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka? db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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WCOIA DB CQWJD_NWNA\ ]cka

LC\A\

Ornhnlj ( Eahl`c;1; C(?g <:: *]c( ?===. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((31

Ljc`ar ( Lrdkch 7?: B(<g 3?31 *>wj Lnr( ?==1.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

Lahwahhnci \ljddi Gn|w( R( Nhga}ahgahla Oiqa Lrd|| ::1 B(\q}}( 2:< *A(G(]c( 3>>7. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

Ldiqfonc Nh|qrchla Ldf}ch~ ( \aa|lchg~(ldf3:1 B(_(G( 1;< *H(G( Lci( 3>>>. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?) 3<

Ldrhaii Ldf}chna|) Nhl( ( Odrdqkj db Ha{ Fdrkch 13? B(\q}}(?g ?<: *Ag( ]c( ?==;. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 31&3;) 3>

Gahgrnwa Nhwarhcwndhci) Nhl( ( Gda;;1 C(?g ;12 *H(E( ?==3.((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3<) ??

Gnkndrknd Brqnw Ldr}( ( CBI&LND ?31 Lci( C}}( ?g 12= *Lci( C}}( 3>2<.( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

Bnwu}cwrnl` ( Fni`~ [c~ ]rdgqlwndh|) Nhl(1<; B(\q}}( 32: *A( G( ]c( 3>:?. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((37

Kraah ( Fnhuar 2>? C(?g 32> *]c( \q}ar( 3>>;. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

Jchia~ ( Wrnoqha ]qoin|jnhk Ld(1?; B(?g 2: *>wj Lnr( 3>;1.((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((37

Jnkjbnaig| Lc}nwci Fchckafahw I(]( ( Gda <:1 B( \q}}(?g >2> *H(G( Lci( ?==1. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 3<&37) ??&?<

Nh ra \jqr) O`rwl~( 3:7 O(_( 27= *Och`r( A( G( H( ^( 3>>1.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

Iaa|sqa ( @nhk| Ldqhw~ Icbc~awwa Wrq|w Ldf}ch~?>< B( \q}}( 3=3= *A(G(H(^( 3>2:(.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?=

Fni`dnlj ( Idrcnh Edqrhci Ld( 7>; Q(\( 3 *3>>=. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?3

Ha{|jcf ( Idl`jaag Fn||ia| " \}cla Ld() Nhl(3>= B(<g >2< *>wj Lnr( 3>>>.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((37]jnicgai}jnc Ha{|}c}ar|) Nhl( ( Ja}}|)

7;1 Q(\( ;2; *3>:2. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?=

]d{ar| ( Djnd7>> Q(\( 7== *Q(\(Djnd) 3>>3. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3:

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka< db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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WCOIA DB CQWJD_NWNA\ *Ldhw„g. ]cka

LC\A\

_(C(R( ( Lnw~ db \w( ]cqi1=1 Q(\( <;; *3>>?. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

_d|`d| ( \qkcridcb W}()?>1 B(\q}}(?g 7:= *F(G(]c( ?==<. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((??

\nff| ( Azawar Crljnwalwqrci ]rdgqlw| Nhl( >32 B( \q}}( 7<? *F(G( ]c( 3>>2. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3>

\~hark~) Nhl( ( \ldww&Ianh) Nhl(13 B(\q}}(?g 1;= *Ag( ]c( 3>>>. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((32) 3;

Wqlln ( Liqo Fagnwarrchaa) \(C(:> Lci(C}}(7wj 3:= *Lci( C}}( ?==3. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((37

[anh|wanh ( Oqiinl`)

:?; B(\q}}( 33>< *A(G(]c( 3>><. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3>

\WCWQWA\

7? ]c( L(\(C( « :<7<((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?=

BAG( _( LNR( ]( 71 ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3?

BAG( _( LNR( ]( ?2*B. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((33

\alqrnwna| Azljchka Clw Db 3><7) 31 Q(\(L( « ;:e*o.((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3>

\alqrnwna| Azljchka Ldffn||ndh) 3; L(B(_( « ?7=(3=o&1 (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3>

DWJA_ CQWJD_NW^

_a|wcwafahw *?hg. Wdrw|) « 1;< *3>;;. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((31) 32

_a|wcwafahw *?hg. Wdrw|) « 122 *3>;;. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?3

Oicl`„| Ic{ Gnlwndhcr~ 3?;: *>wj Ag( ?==>(.((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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WD WJA JDHD_COIA EQGKA DB \CNG LDQ_W5

LDFA\ HD[ Q\C Waljhdidkna|) Nhl() *’Q\CW‖.) ]icnhwnbb nh wja coda&

ahwnwiag clwndh) chg d}}d|a| wja Fdwndh wd Sqc|j Wja \qo}dahc Wd ^cjdd# Nhl(

*’^cjdd#‖. \aa`nhk Ngahwnw~ Nhbdrfcwndh bniag o~ Gabahgchw Edjh Gda) c(`(c(

\wd`ìar` *’\wd`ìar`‖.) chg nh |q}}drw |wcwa| c| bdiid{|5

N( \QFFC_^ DB D]]D\NWNDH

Ldhwrcr~ wd \wd`ìar`„| crkqfahw) Q\CW gda| hdw |aa` wd gah~ chdh~fdq|

|}acàr| wjanr Bnr|w Cfahgfahw rnkjw|( *Nh bclw) \wd`ìar` ldhwnhqa| wd }d|w

fa||cka| dh ^cjdd#„| Fa||cka Odcrg codqw Q\CW chg wja Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j(.3

Oqw wjara n| hd co|diqwa rnkjw wd }d|w bci|a chg gabcfcwdr~ |wcwafahw| codqw ch

nhgnngqci dr ldf}ch~) chg jnga oajnhg wja ani db c bnlwnwndq| hcfa( \wd`ìar`

cwwaf}w| wd }drwrc~ jn| }d|wnhk| c| iaknwnfcwa lrnwnln|f db Q\CW„| ’}rdbnwconinw~‖

chg ’kahardq| azalqwna ldf}ah|cwndh(‖ \wd`ìar`„| d{h {drg| oawrc~ jn| wrqa

cnf) {jnlj n| wd gcfcka Q\CW„| ra}qwcwndh chg id{ar nw| |wdl` }rnla o~ cllq|nhk nw

db afoauuiafahw) nha|wdr brcqg) chg d}arcwnhk c ]dhun |ljafa nh ?< |a}crcwa

chdh~fdq| }d|w|( Wja }d|wnhk| cra a|}alncii~ akrakndq| |nhla cw wja wnfa wja

}d|wnhk| {ara fcga) wjara {c| azwah|na }qoinlnw~ ldhlarhnhk wja Oarhcrg Fcgdbb

]dhun |ljafa( [jnia \wd`ìar` fcnhwcnh| jn| chdh~fnw~ |jdqig oa }rdwalwag) ja

jc| c||arwag hd oc|n| wd oainaa wjcw ja ldqig |qbbar }raeqgnla o~ raacinhk jn|

ngahwnw~( Wjn| n| hdw c lc|a {jara raacinhk ch chdh~fdq| }d|war„| ngahwnw~ ldqig

lcq|a afocrrc||fahw dr iacg wd wja gn|lid|qra db jnkji~ |ah|nwna nhbdrfcwndh( Hdr

n| wjn| c lc|a db c rakrawwcoia |wcwafahw fcga nh wja jacw db wja fdfahw( _cwjar)

\wd`ìar` jc| ahkckag nh c gainoarcwa) |~|wafcwnl chg dhkdnhk abbdrw wd gabcfa

Q\CW(

Q\CW fq|w iacrh \wd`ìar`„| ngahwnw~ wd }rdlaag {nwj nw| gabcfcwndh lc|a

}ahgnhk oabdra wja Qhnwag \wcwa| Gn|wrnlw Ldqrw bdr wja Ac|warh Gn|wrnlw db

3\aa Galicrcwndh db Ciaz ]( Lcwcidhc *’Lcwcidhc Gal(‖.) Azj( C(




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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]ahh|~ichnc( \wd`ìar`„| Fdwndh |jdqig oa gahnag oalcq|a5 3. Q\CW jc| |wcwag c

cing gabcfcwndh licnf oc|ag q}dh \wd`ìar`„| }qoinl cllq|cwndh| wjcw Q\CW jc|

ldffnwwag afoauuiafahw) nha|wdr brcqg chg d}arcwag c ]dhun |ljafa) chg ?. ch~

Ldh|wnwqwndhci nhwara|w nh |jnaignhk \wd`ìar`„| ngahwnw~ n| kracwi~ dqw{ankjag o~

Q\CW„| nhwara|w nh }qr|qnhk wja iakci rafagna| ccnicoia wd nw wd }rdwalw nw|

ra}qwcwndh( Bdr wja|a rac|dh| gn|lq||ag nh gawcni oaid{) \wd`ìar`„| Fdwndh |jdqig

oa gahnag(

NN( \WCWAFAHW DB BCLW\

Brdf C}rni wd Cqkq|w db ?==>) w{d chdh~fdq| nhwarhaw {ao|nwa oidkkar|)

ngahwnbnag dhi~ c| ’\wd`ìar`‖ chg ’FnljcaiTFddraTn|Tbcw)‖ ahkckag nh c }cwwarh db

fc`nhk gabcfcwdr~ }d|wnhk| rakcrgnhk Q\CW dh c ^cjdd# Bnhchla {ao }cka

d}arcwag o~ ^cjdd# chg gagnlcwag wd Q\CW(? Dhi~ \wd`ìar` jc| ljd|ah wd fda

wd sqc|j wjn| |qo}dahc( _cwjar wjch lrnwnlnunhk Q\CW„| |wdl` }arbdrfchla dr |dfa

dwjar }rdwalwag clwnnw~) \wd`ìar` cllq|ag Q\CW db d}arcwnhk c ]dhun |ljafa nh

?< |a}crcwa }d|wnhk|( Wja warf ]dhun |ljafa) dh nw| bcla) cllq|a| Q\CW db

brcqgqiahw chg niiakci clwnnw~(

’]dhun‖ \ljafa|

]dhun |ljafa| cra c w~}a db niiakci }~rcfng |ljafahcfag bdr Ljcria| ]dhun) {jd gq}ag wjdq|chg| db Ha{Ahkichg ra|ngahw| nhwd nha|wnhk nh c }d|wcka |wcf}|}alqicwndh |ljafa ocl` nh wja 3>?=|( ]dhun wjdqkjw jaldqig wcà cgchwcka db gnbbarahla| oaw{aah Q(\( chgbdrankh lqrrahlna| q|ag wd oq~ chg |aii nhwarhcwndhci fcnildq}dh|( ]dhun wdig nha|wdr| wjcw ja ldqig }rdnga c7=! rawqrh nh eq|w >= gc~| ldf}crag {nwj 1! bdr och` |cnhk| clldqhw|( ]dhun {c| gaiqkag {nwj bqhg| brdfnha|wdr|) wc`nhk nh '3 fniindh gqrnhk dha wjraa&jdqr}arndg‗chg wjn| {c| 3>?3# Wjdqkj c ba{ acri~ nha|wdr|{ara }cng dbb wd fcà wja |ljafa idd` iaknwnfcwa) chnha|wnkcwndh bdqhg wjcw ]dhun jcg dhi~ }qrljc|ag codqw

? \aa Lcwcidhc Gal() Azj( O) }( 3&7:(




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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'<= {drwj db wja nhwarhcwndhci fcni ldq}dh|(

Galcga| icwar) wja ]dhun |ljafa ldhwnhqa| wd {dr` dh wja’rdo&]awar&wd&}c~&]cqi‖ }rnhln}ia) c| fdha~ brdf ha{nha|wdr| n| q|ag wd }c~ dbb acrinar nha|wdr| qhwni wja

{jdia |ljafa ldiic}|a|(

<

Nh cggnwndh wd wja fqiwn}ia cllq|cwndh| wjcw Q\CW n| c ]dhun |ljafa)

\wd`ìar` |wcwa|5 ’Wja wd} w{d }ad}ia db Q\CW jca |`nffag dar '<=F brdf

wjn| jqkai~ qh}rdbnwcoia ahwqra(‖7 Nh chdwjar) \wd`ìar` cllq|a| Q\CW„| LAD db

oanhk c ’`hd{h incr‖ chg rabar| wd Q\CW c| ’iakcinuag jnkj{c~ rdooar~(‖1 Wja|a

}d|wnhk|) {jnlj ldh|wnwqwa gabcfcwndh o~ wjanr warf|) cra }rdngag jara nh bqii wd

kna c ldf}iawa }nlwqra db wja }cwwarh db ldhgqlw ahkckag nh o~ \wd`ìar`5C}rni 31) ?==> _a5 Ch~ ahgnhk nhgq|wr~ kq~| dqw wjara4

N {dqig crkqa wjcw Q\CW `hd{| jd{ wd fcà fdha~‗bdr wd}fchckafahw chg nh|ngar|( Wjcw) nh bclw) n| nw| ldra oq|nha||(Q\CW azn|w| wd wrch|bar c||aw| wd nw| nh|ngar| chg inconinwna| wd|jcrajdigar| db ldffdh |wdl`( Wja dllc|ndhci |fdà codqwha{ clldqhw| n| hdwjnhk fdra wjch wja faljchn|f o~ {jnlj nwfcnhwcnh| wja niiq|ndh db }rd|}arnw~ oanhk eq|w dar wja jdrnudh(

Wja do|arar {nii wcà hdwa wjcw bdr nh|ngar| }rd|}arnw~ crrnag cidhk wnfa ckd(

Q\CW5 ’|dbw ]dhun‖4

Eqi~ :) ?==> _a5 Kcfa) \aw) Fcwlj

Bacr hdw) FAN n| gddfag( Q\CW„| }drwbdind db }cwahw| {nii rngawd wja ra|lqa(

\qra wja~ {nii(

Q\CW5 |dbw ]dhun4

< ’]dhun‖ \ljafa|) }qoin|jag o~ wja Q(\( \alqrnwna| chg AzljchkaLdffn||ndh) jww}5$${{{(|al(kd$ch|{ar|$}dhun(jwf( \aa ci|d Oicl`„| Ic{

Gnlwndhcr~ 3?;: *>wj Ag( ?==>(.7 Ng() Azj( O) }( ;( 1 Ng() Azj( O) }( 33(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka; db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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LJNBB JC_GNH II]

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Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka3? db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

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Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka3< db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

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LJNBB JC_GNH II]

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Wja }rdoiaf n| nh|qrfdqhwcoia bdr wja rac|dh wjcw) wd ch~dha{jd ldh|ngar| jnf|aib c galahw nha|wdr) ~dqr {drg| lchhdw oasqchwnbnag) wja~„ra eq|w {jnwa hdn|a) ac|ni~ nkhdrag) {jnia wjajdrrnbnl }arbdrfchla db wja ldf}ch~ dar wja |cfa }arndg db wnfa wjcw ~dq |c{ kdig nh Q\CW‗|aa coda ljcrw‗lch oa

sqchwnbnag gd{h wd wja gdiicr(

Q\CW5 |dbw ]dhun4

*ow{5 cra ~dq agqlcwag oa~dhg jnkj |ljddi4 ^dqr |}aiinhk n|cwrdlndq|( Wdgc~ nw„| ’acrincr(‖.2

NNN( ]_DLAGQ_CI JN\WD_^

Dh Cqkq|w ?;) ?==>) Q\CW bniag |qnw nh wja Qhnwag \wcwa| Gn|wrnlw Ldqrw bdr

wja Ac|warh Gn|wrnlw db ]ahh|~ichnc ckcnh|w Edjh Gda chg Echa Gda) Chdh~fdq|

Nhwarhaw [ao|nwa Oidkkar| D}arcwnhk c| FnljcaiTFddraTN|TBcw chg \wd`ìar`(;

\nhla Q\CW gng hdw `hd{ wja ngahwnw~ db wja nhgnngqci| }d|wnhk c|

FnljcaiTFddraTN|TBcw chg \wd`ìar`) Q\CW bniag c Fdwndh Bdr N||qchla Db

\qo}dahc Gqla| Walqf Gnralwag wd ^cjdd#) Nhl( ]rndr wd wja B(_(L(]( ?2*B.

Ldhbarahla(: Dh \a}wafoar 33) ?==>) Gn|wrnlw Eqgka Ech A( Gqodn| |nkhag ch drgar

}arfnwwnhk Q\CW wd |qo}dahc ^cjdd# bdr wja gn|lid|qra db wja ngahwnw~ chg raicwag

nhbdrfcwndh codqw \wd`ìar` chg FnljcaiTFddraTn|Tbcw(> Q\CW |arag nw|

2 Ng() Azj( O) }}( 3) <) 1) ;) >) 33) 3<) 32) 3:) ?=) ?<) ?1) ?;) ?>) <3) <<) <1)<;) <>) 73) 7<) 71) 7;(

; Ng() Azj( L(: W~}nlcii~ wja oidkkar gda| hdw }rdnga jn| dr jar raci hcfa wd ^cjdd) chg

nh|wacg ^cjdd {nii dhi~ jca nhbdrfcwndh codqw wja oidkkar„| N] cggra||( Q\CW{nii wjah jca wd rasqa|w iaca wd |ara c \qo}dahc dh wja Nhwarhaw \arnla ]rdngarbdr ngahwnb~nhk nhbdrfcwndh bdr wja oidkkar(

> Ng() Azj( A( FnljcaiTFddraTN|TBcw gng hdw bnia c fdwndh wd sqc|j wd}raahw wja gn|lid|qra db jn| ngahwnb~nhk nhbdrfcwndh( Q\CW gda| hdw cggra||FnljcaiT FddraTN|TBcw„| }d|wnhk| {jnlj cra hdw |qoealw wd \wd`ìar`„| fdwndh wdsqc|j(




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

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|qo}dahc dh ^cjdd# nc larwnbnag fcni dh \a}wafoar ?7) ?==>(3= Dh Dlwdoar 31)

?==>) \wd`ìar` bniag jn| fdwndh wd sqc|j ^cjdd„| gn|lid|qra db jn| ngahwnw~ chg

raicwag nhbdrfcwndh(33

NR( C_KQFAHW

C( Wja Ldh|wnwqwndhci Brcfa{dr`(

3( Wja Bnr|w Cfahgfahw Gda| Hdw ]rdwalw Gabcfcwndh(

Wja Bnr|w Cfahgfahw }rdnga| sqcinbnag }rdwalwndh bdr wja ngahwnwna| db

chdh~fdq| dhinha |}acàr| nh lc|a {jara gn|lid|qra fc~ lcq|a ’afocrrc||fahw‖

dr lracwa |dfa jcrf wd wja chdh~fdq| |}acàr( Ldiqfonc Nh|qrchla Ldf}ch~ (

\aa|lchg~(ldf) 3:1 B(_(G( 1;<) 1;: *H(G(Lci( 3>>>.( [jnia iaknwnfcwa lrnwnln|f n|

}rdwalwag) }d|wnhk| {jnlj ldh|wnwqwa gabcfcwndh cra hdw( Nong(0 |aa ci|d Ljcàr (

Lrdkch) 7?: B(<g 3?31) 3??< *>wj Lnr( ?==1.( Wja \q}rafa Ldqrw jc| az}inlnwi~

jaig wjcw ’gabcfcwndh•Pn|V ‚hdw {nwjnh wja crac db ldh|wnwqwndhcii~ }rdwalwag

|}aalj(„‖ _(C(R( ( Lnw~ db \w( ]cqi) 1=1 Q(\( <;;) <:< *3>>?. *sqdwag nh Ljcàr)

|q}rc) 7?: B(<g 3?31) 3??< *>wj Lnr( ?==1..( ’C }qoinlcwndh n| gabcfcwdr~ nb nw

wahg| wd oiclàh c }ar|dh„| ra}qwcwndh dr az}d|a jnf wd }qoinl jcwrag) ldhwaf}w) dr

rngnlqia) dr nheqra jnf wd }qoinl jcwrag) ldhwaf}w) dr rngnlqia) dr nheqra jnf nh jn|oq|nha|| dr }rdba||ndh(‖ Kraah ( Fnhuar) 2>? C(?g 32>) 3;? *]c(\q}ar( 3>>;.(

Wjn| c}}ina| wd ldr}drcwndh| chg wjanr oq|nha|| ra}qwcwndh|( Lahwahhnci \ljddi Gn|w(

( Nhga}ahgahla Oiqa Lrd||) ::1 B(\q}}( 2:< *A(G(]c( 3>>7.( \aa ci|d) a(k()

Gnkndrknd Brqnw Ldr}( ( CBI&LND) ?31 Lci( C}}( ?g 12=) 1;=&;3 *Lci( Lw( C}}(

3>2<.(

3= Ng() Azj( G( Q\CW„| |arnla db nw| |qo}dahc nc larwnbnag fcni n| c cingfawjdg db |arnla cqwjdrnuag o~ Bagarci _qia db Lnni ]rdlagqra Hd( 71( \aa) a(k()

Nh ra \jqr) 3:7 O(_( 27= *Och`r( A(G(H(^( 3>>1.(33 Odwj bdr |nf}inlnw~ chg wd fcnhwcnh ldh|n|wahl~ {nwj \wd`ìar`„| ornab)

Q\CW q|a| wja fc|lqinha }rdhdqh ’jnf‖ wd rabar wd \wd`ìar`(




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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?( Ldqrw| Fq|w Ocichla C Gabcfcwndh ]icnhwnbb„| _nkjw Wd _agra||Ckcnh|w Wja Gabahgchw„| Nhwara|w Nh ]d|wnhk Chdh~fdq|i~Dhinha(

Rnlwnf| db chdh~fdq| gabcfcwndh dhinha fq|w ci|d oa }rdwalwag oalcq|a

{nwjdqw wjn| Ldqrw„| ldh|ngarcwndh) nw {dqig oa nrwqcii~ nf}d||noia wd ngahwnb~ wjalqi}coia }crwna| chg dowcnh eq|wnla5

[nwj wja rn|a db wja Nhwarhaw jc| ldfa wja coninw~ wdldffnw larwcnh wdrwndq| clw|) |qlj c| gabcfcwndh)ld}~rnkjw nhbrnhkafahw) chg wrcgafcr` nhbrnhkafahw)ahwnrai~ dh&inha( Wja wdrwbac|dr lch clw }|aqgdh~fdq|i~dr chdh~fdq|i~ chg fc~ kna bnlwnwndq| dr nhldf}iawangahwnb~nhk nhbdrfcwndh( ]crwna| {jd jca oaah nheqrago~ wja|a clw| cra inài~ wd bnhg wjaf|aia| ljc|nhk wja

wdrwbac|dr brdf Nhwarhaw \arnla ]rdngar *N\]. wd N\]{nwj inwwia dr hd jd}a db clwqcii~ gn|ldarnhk wja ngahwnw~db wja wdrwbac|dr(

Ldiqfonc Nh|( Ld() |q}rc) 3:1 B(_(G( 1;<) 1;: *H(G( Lci( 3>>>.( Ldqrw| jca

bdrfqicwag crndq| iakci wa|w| wd ocichla wja|a ldf}awnhk nhwara|w|( \wd`ìar` raina|

dh Gahgrnwa Nhwarhcwndhci) Nhl( ( Gda Hd( <) {jara wja Ha{ Ear|a~ \q}rafa Ldqrw

rasqnrag gabcfcwndh }icnhwnbb| wd }c|| c bdqr&}crw wa|w wd iacrh wja ngahwnw~ db

chdh~fdq| dhinha |}acàr| chg raicwag nhbdrfcwndh( Qhgar wjn| wa|w) }icnhwnbb| fq|w*3. a|wcoin|j wja chdh~fdq| |}acàr ralanag hdwnla db) chg jcg wja d}}drwqhnw~ wd

ljciiahka) wja }icnhwnbb„| |qo}dahc o~ bninhk c fdwndh wd sqc|j) *?. ngahwnb~ aclj

ljciiahkag |wcwafahw fcga chdh~fdq|i~ dhinha) *<. a|wcoin|j c }rnfc bclna lc|a db

clwndh ckcnh|w wja chdh~fdq| gabahgchw) chg *7. a|wcoin|j wjcw }icnhwnbb„| nhwara|w nh

}rdwalwnhk nw| ra}qwcwndh brdf gabcfcwndh dqw{ankj| wja gabahgchw„| sqcinbnag

}rnniaka wd |}ac` chdh~fdq|i~ dhinha( Gahgrnwa Nhwarhcwndhci) Nhl() |q}rc) ;;1

C(?g ;12) ;2= *H(E( ?==3.( Nh Jnkjbnaig| Lc}nwci Fchckafahw I(]( ( Gda) <:1 B(

\q}}(?g >2> *?==1. *’ Jnkjbnaig|‖.) wjn| Ldqrw c}}acr| wd jca |wracfinhag wjn|

c}}rdclj o~ rasqnrnhk }icnhwnbb| wd a|wcoin|j c ’}rnfc bclna licnf db clwndhcoia

jcrf(‖ Jnkjbnaig|) |q}rc) cw >;=&;3(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka3; db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

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Oalcq|a Q\CW faaw| wja rasqnrafahw| db anwjar wa|w) wjn| Ldqrw |jdqig gah~

\wd`ìar`„| Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j c| dqwinhag oaid{(

O( Q\CW Jc| ]rdah C ]rnfc Bclna Lc|a Db Clwndhcoia GabcfcwndhQhgar ]ahh|~ichnc Ic{(

3( ]ahh|~ichnc Gabcfcwndh Ic{ Kdarh|(

\wd`ìar` gda| hdw gn|}qwa wja c}}inlcwndh db ]ahh|~ichnc ic{) chg nhgaag

lnwa| azwah|nai~ wd ]ahh|~ichnc gabcfcwndh ic{(3? Fdradar) nh gabcfcwndh lc|a|)

wja Ldqrw |jdqig c}}i~ wja ic{ db wja }icnhwnbb„| gdfnlnia c| rasqnrag o~ ljdnla db

ic{ rqia|5 ’Nh lc|a| db gabcfcwndh) wja|a Pwja raiachw kdarhfahwci nhwara|wV

bclwdr| hdrfcii~ {dqig lcii bdr c}}inlcwndh db wja ic{ db wja }icnhwnbb„| gdfnlnia ( ( (

{jara wja }icnhwnbb jc| |qbbarag wja kracwa|w nheqr~ o~ rac|dh db jn| id|| db

ra}qwcwndh(‖ Jchia~ ( Wrnoqha ]qoin|jnhk Ld() 1?; B(?g 2:) ;= *>wj Lnr( 3>;1.0 |aa

ci|d Wqlln ( Liqo Fagnwarrchaa) \(C() :> Lci(C}}(7wj 3:=) 3>7 *Lci( C}}( ?==3.

*clldrg .) chg Bnwu}cwrnl` ( Fni`~ [c~ ]rdgqlwndh|) Nhl( 1<; B(\q}}( 32:) 3;3 *A(

G( ]c( 3>:?. *clldrg .( Clldrgnhki~) wjn| Ldqrw c}}inag wja ic{ db wja }icnhwnbb„|

gdfnlnia nh Jnkjbnaig| Lc}nwci Fchckafahw I(]() |q}rc) <:1 B(\q}}(?g cw >;>) bh(

31( Jara) \wd`ìar` fcga gabcfcwdr~ |wcwafahw| ckcnh|w Q\CW) c ]ahh|~ichncLdr}drcwndh jacgsqcrwarag nh Fciarh) ]ahh|~ichnc(3< A|}alncii~ |nhla Q\CW jc|

hd nhbdrfcwndh codqw \wd`ìar`„| gdfnlnia) wjn| Ldqrw |jdqig c}}i~ wja ic{ db

Q\CW„| gdfnlnia) ]ahh|~ichnc(37

3? Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j) }}( ;&3<(

3< Lcwcidhc Gal() Azj( L) }( 3) ]crwna|) ² 3( 37 Wja|a |cfa rasqnrafahw| gabacw \wd`ìar`„| cwwaf}w wd c}}i~ Lcinbdrhnc„|

Chwn&\IC]] |wcwqwa chg ldf}chndh Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j }rdn|ndh| wjcw fq|w hdwc}}i~ wd Q\CW„| ic{|qnw qhgar ]ahh|~ichnc ic{( \wd`ìar` fq|w cl`hd{iagkawjcw jn| cqwjdrnw~) Ha{|jcf ( Idl`jaag Fn||ia| " \}cla Ld() Nhl( 3>= B(<g >2<*>wj Lnr( 3>>>.) crd|a nh Lcinbdrhnc chg jc| hd oacrnhk dh wja qhgari~nhk licnf|{jnlj crd|a) chg cra oanhk }rd|alqwag) nh ]ahh|~ichnc(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka3: db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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?( \wd``iar`„| \wcwafahw| Ldh|wnwqwa Gabcfcwndh ]ar \a(

Wja ]ahh|~ichnc \q}rafa Ldqrw jc| jaig wjcw cllq|cwndh| db oq|nha||

fn|ldhgqlw ldh|wnwqwa gabcfcwndh }ar |a) clwndhcoia {nwjdqw }rddb db |}alnci jcrf

dr }alqhncr~ id||( Ornhnlj ( Eahl`c) ;1; C(?g <::) <>; *]c( ?===. *lnwnhk

_a|wcwafahw *\aldhg. db Wdrw| « 1;< *3>;;..(

Nh Ornhnlj) }rd}arw~ d{har Eahl`c *Gabahgchw. jnrag kaharci ldhwrclwdr

Ornhnlj *]icnhwnbb. wd ldh|wrqlw jn| jdfa( Gn||cwn|bnag {nwj ]icnhwnbb„| }arbdrfchla

db wja ldhwrclw) Gabahgchw nh|nhqcwag wd dwjar ldh|wrqlwndh {dr`ar| chg

|qoldhwrclwdr| wjcw ]icnhwnbb jcg c grqk }rdoiaf chg }cng bdr grqk| {nwj }rdealw

bqhg| oalcq|a ja jcg oaah co|ahw brdf wja }rdealw |nwa chg jcg hd|a oiaag| {jnlj

ja cwwrnoqwag wd grqk q|a( Ng() <>2&<>;( Gqrnhk wrnci) Gabahgchw fdag bdr hdh|qnw

dh wja krdqhg| wjcw jn| ldffahw| gng hdw ldh|wnwqwa |ichgar) chg oalcq|a ]icnhwnbb

bcniag wd }rda ch~ }alqhncr~ id||( Nong( Wja wrnci ldqrw gahnag Gabahgchw„| fdwndh

chg wja \q}rafa Ldqrw cbbnrfag) jdignhk wjcw oalcq|a Gabahgchw nh|nhqcwag

oq|nha|| fn|ldhgqlw) jn| ldffahw| ldh|wnwqwag |ichgar }ar |a chg ]icnhwnbb {c| hdw

rasqnrag wd }rda }alqhncr~ id||5 ’[jah c ldffqhnlcwndh ldh|wnwqwa| |ichgar }ar

|a) c }icnhwnbb n| hdw rasqnrag wd }rda |}alnci jcrf) n(a() }alqhncr~ id||(‖ Ng() cw }(<>;(

Nh Ldrhaii Ldf}chna|) Nhl( ( Odrdqkj db Ha{ Fdrkch) ]icnhwnbb Ldrhaii

Ldf}chna|) Nhl( *’]icnhwnbb‖. }ichhag wd rad}ah wja Ha{ Fdrkch Clcgaf~) c

}randq|i~&lid|ag gawahwndh bclninw~ chg |ljddi nh wja Odrdqkj db Ha{ Fdrkch)

]ahh|~ichnc( Gabahgchw|) wja Odrdqkj db Ha{ Fdrkch) chg nw| dbbnlnci| nhwahgag

wd oidl` ]icnhwnbb brdf rad}ahnhk wja Clcgaf~ |d wjcw c wjnrg }crw~ ldqig gaaid}

wja }rd}arw~( Wd bqrwjar wjanr }ich|) Gabahgchw| bci|ai~ |wcwag wd |wcwa inlah|nhk

ckahlna| wjcw ]icnhwnbb *3. ndicwag idlci udhnhk drgnhchla|) *?. gng hdw d}arcwa wja

Clcgaf~ c| c |ljddi) *<. gng hdw jca c bqhlwndhnhk |a{cka |~|waf) chg *7. jcg

}randq|i~ lid|ag gd{h wja Clcgaf~( 13? B(\q}}(?g ?<:) ?1?&?1< *Ag( ]c( ?==;.(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka3> db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

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]icnhwnbb cl`hd{iagkag wjcw nw jcg }randq|i~ lid|ag nw| bclninw~ gqa wd

’}rdoiaf| {nwj gn|ln}inha chg nf}rd}ar ldhgqlw o~ wja |wcbb‖ chg {c| nh c idhk&

|wchgnhk baa gn|}qwa dar nw| |a{cka wracwfahw }ichw( Ng() cw ?1=&?13( Ciwjdqkj

]icnhwnbb aahwqcii~ dowcnhag cii hala||cr~ inlah|a| wd rad}ah wja bclninw~ chg {c|

wjarabdra crkqcoi~ qhjcrfag o~ Gabahgchw|„ |wcwafahw|) ]icnhwnbb licnfag wjcw

Gabahgchw|„ |wcwafahw| haarwjaia|| ldh|wnwqwag gabcfcwndh }ar |a( Ng() cw ?1?) bh(

1(

Wja Gn|wrnlw Ldqrw darrqiag Gabahgchw|„ fdwndh| wd gn|fn|| oalcq|a

]icnhwnbb jcg |qbbnlnahwi~ }iag gabcfcwndh }ar |a) bdr {jnlj hd }alqhncr~ jcrf {c|

rasqnrag5

Wja |}alnci jcrf aiafahw n| ainfnhcwag) jd{aar) {jarawja {drg| ldh|wnwqwa gabcfcwndh }ar |a( Gabcfcwndh }ar|a lch oa anwjar ‚{drg| nf}qwnhk *3. lrnfnhci dbbah|a) *?.idcwj|dfa gn|ac|a) *?. oq|nha|| fn|ldhgqlw) dr *7. |arndq||azqci fn|ldhgqlw(„‖ PLnwcwndh| dfnwwag(V

% % % % %

Wja rafcnhnhk n||qa n| {jawjar wja Cqkq|w ?==2 iawwarbcii| qhgar wja lcwakdr~ db gabcfcwndh }ar |a oalcq|a

Ldrhaii jc| bcniag wd }iacg |}alnci jcrf( Wja dhi~ }ar |alcwakdr~ wjcw c}}ina| qhgar wja ciiakag bclw| n| oq|nha||fn|ldhgqlw( Nh \~hark~) Nhl( ( \ldww&Ianh) Nhl( P13B(\q}}(?g 1;=) 1:= *Ag( ]c( 3>>>.V) wja ldqrw az}icnhag{jcw n| haagag wd ciiaka oq|nha|| fn|ldhgqlw5

’C |wcwafahw n| gabcfcwdr~ }ar |a c| ch cllq|cwndh db oq|nha|| fn|ldhgqlw nb nw ‚c|lrnoa| wd chdwjar ldhgqlw)ljcrclwarn|wnl| dr c ldhgnwndh wjcw {dqig cgar|ai~ cbbalwjn| bnwha|| bdr wja }rd}ar ldhgqlw db jn| ic{bqi oq|nha||(„Wja |wcwafahw fq|w oa fdra wjch fara kaharci

gn|}crckafahw( Nw fq|w oa db wja w~}a wjcw {dqig oa}crwnlqicri~ jcrfbqi wd ch nhgnngqci ahkckag nh wja}icnhwnbb„| oq|nha|| dr }rdba||ndh(‖

13 B( \q}}( cw 1:= *sqdwnhk _a|wcwafahw *\aldhg. db Wdrw| « 1;< *3>;;.(. Wja gabahgchw|„ |wcwafahw| wd wja|wcwa nhliqgag cllq|cwndh| wjcw5 *3. wja Clcgaf~ ndicwagudhnhk drgnhchla|0 *?. wja Clcgaf~ gng hdw d}arcwa c| c|ljddi0 *<. wja Clcgaf~ gng hdw jca c bqhlwndhci |a{cka

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka?= db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

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bqwqra oq|nha||(

Ldrhaii Ldf}chna|) Nhl( ( Odrdqkj db Ha{ Fdrkch) 13? B(\q}}(?g ?<: *Ag( ]c(

?==;.) cw ?;3&?;?(31

Nh wjn| lc|a) \wd`ìar` |wcwag wjcw Q\CW d}arcwag c| c ]dhun |ljafa nh ?<

|a}crcwa }d|wnhk|( \wd`ìar` ci|d cllq|a| fchckafahw db afoauuiafahw5 wja ’wd}

w{d }ad}ia cw Q\CW jca |`nffag dar '<=F brdf wjn| jqkai~ qh}rdbnwcoia

ahwqra(‖32

[jnia nhbinlwnhk fcznfqf jcrf dh Q\CW) \wd`ìar` crkqa| nh jn|Fdwndh wd Sqc|j wjcw jn| }d|wnhk| {ara hdw gabcfcwdr~ oalcq|a ja }qw c sqa|wndh

fcr` cbwar wja rabarahla wd ]dhun |ljafa(3; \wd`ìar` lchhdw cdng inconinw~ o~

nhliq|ndh db c sqa|wndh fcr` cbwar cllq|nhk Q\CW db oanhk c ]dhun |ljafa)

’Q\CW5 |dbw ]dhun4)‖ nh c }ddri~&ldhlaciag cwwaf}w wd gn|kqn|a {jcw ja n| gdnhk‗

cllq|nhk wja fchckafahw db Q\CW db gabrcqgnhk nha|wdr|( Nh dhi~ dha }d|wnhk

gda| \wd`ìar` az}icnh {jcw ja fach| o~ ’|dbw ]dhun‖5

31 \wd`ìar` sqdwa| \~hark~) Nhl( ( \ldww&Ianh) Nhl() 13 B(\q}}(?g 1;= *A(G(]c( 3>>>. bdr wja }rd}d|nwndh wjcw ’dha db wja rasqnrafahw| qhgar wja ]ahh|~ichncgabcfcwndh |wcwqwa n| wjcw wja }icnhwnbb }rda wjcw nw |qbbarag |}alnci jcrf P{jnljVrasqnra| }rddb db c |}alnbnl fdhawcr~ dr dqw&db&}dlàw id|| c| c ra|qiw db wjagabcfcwndh(‖ Fdw( Wd Sqc|j) }( 33) inha| 3?&3:( Wjn| lc|a gda| hdw |d jdig |nhlawja Ldqrw jaig wjcw wja }icnhwnbb {c| ’rainaag db wja rasqnrafahw db }rdnhk |}alncigcfcka| jd{aar) {jara |}dàh {drg| ldh|wnwqwa gabcfcwndh *|ichgar. }ar |a(‖

\~hark~) Nhl() |q}rc) cw 1:=( \wd`ìar` ci|d lnwa| lc|a| crn|nhk nh Lcinbdrhnc chgdwjar eqrn|gnlwndh| wjcw rasqnra }rddb db |}alnci jcrf oqw {jnlj icl` ciiakcwndh| db gabcfcwndh }ar |a( Q\CW |qofnw| wjcw nw jc| |qbbnlnahwi~ ciiakag gabcfcwndh }ar |a qhgar ]ahh|~ichnc ic{ {jnlj c}}ina| nh wjn| lc|a( Wd wja azwahw wjcw wjn| Ldqrwrasqa|w| cggnwndhci angahla dr ciiakcwndh|) Q\CW rasqa|w| iaca wd }rdnga nw(

32 Ng() Azj( O) }( ;( 3; Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j) }( >(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka?3 db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

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_a Q\CW5 ‚Wjn| n| iakcinuag jnkj{c~ rdooar~(„ N wjnh` wjcw„| wja ar~ gabnhnwndh db c |d&lciiag |dbw ]dhun) |( c)|jcii {a |c~) jcrg ]dhun) {jnlj n|) o~ gabnhnwndh niiakci( Ngdh„w ralcii {jara N kdw wja gabnhnwndh( C |ljdicr db aldhdfnl|( _qonhn) fc~oa( Hd fcwwar( Nw |aaf| wd bnw(3:

\wd`ìar`„| gabnhnwndh db c |dbw ]dhun n| hdw ldhwrdiinhk) hdr gda| nw azlqi}cwa jnf

brdf inconinw~( Wja dwjar w{ahw~&w{d }d|wnhk| rabar wd Q\CW c| c |dbw ]dhun)

{nwjdqw ch~ infnwnhk dr gabnhnhk ichkqcka( \nhla wja }d|wnhk| cra racg

nhga}ahgahwi~ db aclj dwjar o~ wja ldffdh na{ar) dar c fdra wjch bdqr fdhwj

}arndg) c }ar|dh racgnhk \wd`ìar`„| cllq|cwndh| wjcw Q\CW n| c |dbw ]dhun {dqig

eq|wnbncoi~ qhgar|wchg wjcw \wd`ìar` n| cllq|nhk Q\CW db wja ldffdh

qhgar|wchgnhk db c ]dhun |ljafa) n(a() brcqgqiahw chg niiakci clwnnw~(

Wjara n| ci|d hd fn|wc`nhk \wd`ìar`„| ra}acwag cllq|cwndh| db oq|nha||

fn|ldhgqlw) nhliqgnhk ljcrka| db dqwrnkjw brcqg) {jnlj ja iaai| ?< |a}crcwa wnfa|(

Qhgar ]ahh|~ichnc ic{) |wcwnhk wjcw c ldf}ch~ jc| ldffnwwag ’oq|nha||

fn|ldhgqlw‖ cfdqhw| wd gabcfcwndh }ar |a( Gabahgchw| {jd ahkcka nh wjn| clwnnw~

fc~ hdw |jnaig wjanr ngahwnb~ oc|ag dh }rdwalwndh| cbbdrgag Ldh|wnwqwndhcii~

}rdwalwag |}aalj(

\wd`ìar` cwwaf}w| wd cdng ra|}dh|noninw~ bdr jn| }d|wnhk| o~ crkqnhk wjcw

fch~ db jn| rabarahla| wd Q\CW c| c ]dhun |ljafa cra nh wja bddwar db wja

fa||cka(3> Wja }iclafahw db wja ]dhun |ljafa rabarahla nh wja bddwar clwqcii~

jnkjinkjw| wja rabarahla chg fcà| nw fdra }rdfnhahw) chg jahla fdra gabcfcwdr~(

\wd`ìar` ci|d crkqa| wjcw Q\CW fc~ hdw ornhk c gabcfcwndh licnf dh oajcib

db nw| dbbnlar|(?= Q\CW n| hdw gdnhk |d( _cwjar) ]ahh|~ichnc ic{ raldkhnua| wjcw

3: Lcwcidhc Gal() Azj( O) }( ?;(

3> Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j) }( >( ?= Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j) }( 33( \wd`ìar` raina| dh ]d{ar| ( Djnd) 7>> Q(\(

7==) 333 \(Lw( 3<27) *Q(\(Djnd) 3>>3.) c lc|a wjcw n| hdw raiachw |nhla nw cggra||a|rcla&oc|ag }araf}wdr~ ljciiahka|) hdw gabcfcwndh(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka?? db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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wja ’}crw~ haag hdw oa |}alnbnlcii~ hcfag nh gabcfcwdr~ |wcwafahw| c| idhk c| ‚wja

gabcfcwdr~ ldffqhnlcwndh fc~ rac|dhcoi~ oa qhgar|wddg c| rabarrnhk wd wja

}icnhwnbb(„‖?3 Aclj db wja gabcfcwdr~ |wcwafahw| wjcw rabar| wd Q\CW„| dbbnlar| n|

fcga nh ldhhalwndh {nwj cllq|nhk Q\CW db oanhk c ]dhun |ljafa) chg wjarabdra

wja |wcwafahw| |jdqig oa ldh|ngarag nh gawarfnhnhk nb c }rnfc bclna lc|a bdr

gabcfcwndh jc| oaah ciiakag(

Bqhgcfahwcii~) \wd`ìar`„| cllq|cwndh| cra fqlj fdra gcfcknhk wjch wja

ljcrka| db ndicwnhk c udhnhk drgnhchla chg hdw jcnhk c bqhlwndhnhk |a{cka

|~|waf wjcw {ara bdqhg wd oa clwndhcoia nh Ldrhaii Ldf}chna|) Nhl() |q}rc) 13?

B(\q}}(?g cw ?;3&?;?( O~ fc`nhk jn| cllq|cwndh| nh c }qoinl nha|wdr|„ bdrqf rqh

o~ ^cjdd# chg gagnlcwag wd Q\CW |wdl`) \wd`ìar` fcga larwcnh jn| |wcwafahw|

{dqig oa ’}crwnlqicri~ jcrfbqi‖ wd Q\CW chg nw| |wdl` ciqa(?? Eq|w c| nh Ldrhaii

Ldf}chna|) \wd`ìar`„| |wcwafahw| ldqig jca ra|qiwag nh Q\CW id|nhk ’bqwqra

oq|nha||)‖ c| wja~ {ara ga|nkhag wd wqrh c{c~ wja ar~ nha|wfahw haagag bdr

Q\CW wd |qrna( Nong( Qhgar ]ahh|~ichnc ic{) Q\CW haag hdw }rda) dr aah

ciiaka) wjcw nw jc| |qbbarag }alqhncr~ nheqr~ dr |}alnci jcrf( \wd`ìar`„| ?< |a}crcwa

}d|wnhk| aclj ldh|wnwqwa gabcfcwndh }ar |a) chg ja fq|w hd{ gabahg wjaf nh Ldqrw(

<( Nw N| \wd`ìar`„| Oqrgah Wd A|wcoin|j Wja Gabah|a Db ’Wrqwj(‖

Wd a|wcoin|j gabcfcwndh) Q\CW n| hdw rasqnrag wd hakcwa \wd`ìar`„| ljcrka|

db oq|nha|| fn|ldhgqlw( O~ |wcwqwa) ]ahh|~ichnc jc| ldgnbnag wja oqrgah| db

}icnhwnbb| chg gabahgchw| nh gabcfcwndh clwndh|) 7? ]c( L(\(C( « :<7<) chg nw n| wja

gabahgchw„| oqrgah wd }rda c gabcfcwdr~ |wcwafahw n| nh bclw wrqa( \nff| ( Azawar

?3 [anh|wanh ( Oqiinl`) :?; B(\q}}( 33>< *A(G(]c() 3>><.( ?? Nh cggnwndh wd nw| gabcfcwndh licnf|) Q\CW jc| ciiakag ndicwndh| db wja

\alqrnwna| Azljchka Clw Db 3><7) 31 Q(\(L( « ;:e*o.) chg _qia 3=o&1 db wja\alqrnwna| Azljchka Ldffn||ndh) 3; L(B(_( « ?7=(3=o&1( Q\CW gda| hdw cggra||wja|a licnf| jara oalcq|a nw jc| a|wcoin|jag ch clwndhcoia gabcfcwndh licnf qhgar]ahh|~ichnc ic{ {jnlj o~ nw|aib fq|w gabacw \wd`ìar`„| fdwndh(

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka?< db ?:



LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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Crljnwalwqrci ]rdgqlw| Nhl() >32 B( \q}}( 7<?) 7<2&<; *F(G( ]C 3>>2.( \wd`ìar`

jc| lnwag hd cqwjdrnw~ wd |q}}drw jn| }d|nwndh wjcw cii |wcwafahw| codqw }qoinli~

wrcgag ldf}chna| fc~ oa gaafag fcwwar| ’db }qoinl ldhlarh‖ {crrchwnhk

jankjwahag Ldh|wnwqwndhci }rdwalwndh( \wd`ìar`„| azcf}ia {jara c ldqrw |jnbwag

wja gabahgchw„| oqrgah wd wja }icnhwnbb nhdiag c Lnw~&{nga ha{|}c}ar gawcninhk c

Krchg Eqr~„| nha|wnkcwndh db |}alnbnl aialwag dbbnlnci| |aiinhk nhbiqahla wd c ra}qwag

fcbnc bnkqra( ]jnicgai}jnc Ha{|}c}ar|) Nhl( ( Ja}}|) 7;1 Q(\( ;2;) ;;; *3>:2.(

Wja lc|a chg nw| jdignhk {ara az}inlnwi~ infnwag wd wja |qo&|aw db fagnc gabcfcwndh

ic{ hdw c}}inlcoia jara( \wd`ìar`„| rchw| gd hdw sqcinb~ c| fagnc }qoinlcwndh| dr

wdqlj dh ch~ fcwwar db }qoinl ldhlarh rasqnrnhk jankjwahag Ldh|wnwqwndhci

}rdwalwndh(

7( Cllq|nhk Q\CW Db D}arcwnhk C ]dhun \ljafa N| ClwndhcoiaGabcfcwndh Cw Ldffdh Ic{(

Wjn| Ldqrw |jdqig ci|d ldh|ngar wja bclw| chg jdignhk brdf c hdh&

]ahh|~ichnc lc|a) Iaa|sqa ( @nhk| Ldqhw~ Icbc~awwa Wrq|w Ldf}ch~) oalcq|a nw

fc~ oa wja dhi~ }qoin|jag cqwjdrnw~ wd cggra|| {jawjar |}alnbnlcii~ cllq|nhk

|dfadha db rqhhnhk c ]dhun |ljafa ldh|wnwqwa| clwndhcoia gabcfcwndh( ?>< B(\q}}( 3=3= *A(G(H(^( 3>2:.( Nh Iaa|sqa) }icnhwnbb _aci Iaa|sqa |qag jn| bdrfar

af}id~ar Icbc~awwa Wrq|w Ldf}ch~ chg nw| Rnla&]ra|ngahw) [niincf W( Rchla

*Rchla.) bdr gabcfcwndh( Cbwar bdrlnhk ]icnhwnbb wd ra|nkh) Rchla |wcwag wjcw

]icnhwnbb jcg c}}rdag idch| wjcw ’{ara c ]dhun d}arcwndh(‖ Ng() cw 3=33(

Gabahgchw| fdag bdr |qffcr~ eqgkfahw dh wja krdqhg wjcw Rchla fcga jn|

|wcwafahw nh jn| dbbnlnci lc}clnw~ c| c Ldf}ch~ dbbnlar ahkckag nh iakci

}rdlaagnhk|) chg nw {c| wjarabdra }rnniakag( Nong( Wja Ldqrw) jd{aar) gahnag

|qffcr~ eqgkfahw chg jaig wjcw Rchla„| cllq|cwndh db c ’]dhun d}arcwndh‖

ldh|wnwqwag gabcfcwndh) c| {aii c| fcinla |qbbnlnahw wd gabacw Gabahgchw|„ licnfag

}rnniaka( Iaa|sqa) |q}rc) ?>< B(\q}}( cw 3=3?&3=3<(




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

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1( \wd`ìar` Gda| Hdw A|lc}a Inconinw~ O~ Licnfnhk Jn|Gabcfcwdr~ ]d|wnhk| Cra ’D}nhndh(‖

Hdr gda| \wd`ìar` a|lc}a inconinw~ o~ crkqnhk wjcw jn| gabcfcwdr~ }d|wnhk|

cra fara d}nhndh( Bnr|w) hdha db wja doealwndhcoia }d|wnhk| |wcwa wjcw wja~ cra dhi~

\wd`ìar`„| d}nhndh( Ci|d) c |wcwafahw wjcw n| ldqljag c| ch d}nhndh fc~ |wnii oa

clwndhcoia5

Nb c |}acàr |c~|) ’Nh f~ d}nhndh Edjh Edha| n| c incr)‖ janf}ina| c `hd{iagka db bclw| {jnlj iacg wd wja ldhliq|ndhwjcw Edha| wdig ch qhwrqwj( Aah nb wja |}acàr |wcwa| wjabclw| q}dh {jnlj ja oc|a| jn| d}nhndh) nb wjd|a bclw| craanwjar nhldrralw dr nhldf}iawa) dr nb jn| c||a||fahw db wjaf n| arrdhadq|) wja |wcwafahw fc~ |wnii nf}i~ c bci|a

c||arwndh db bclw( \nf}i~ ldqljnhk |qlj |wcwafahw| nhwarf| db d}nhndh gda| hdw gn|}ai wja|a nf}inlcwndh|0 chgwja |wcwafahw) ’Nh f~ d}nhndh Edha| n| c incr)‖ lch lcq|ac| fqlj gcfcka wd ra}qwcwndh c| wja |wcwafahw) ’Edha| n|c incr(‖ C| Eqgka Brnahgi~ c}wi~ |wcwag5 ’PNwV {dqig oaga|wrqlwna db wja ic{ db inoai nb c {rnwar ldqig a|lc}ainconinw~ bdr cllq|cwndh| db Pgabcfcwdr~ ldhgqlwV |nf}i~o~ q|nhk) az}inlnwi~ dr nf}inlnwi~) wja {drg| ‚N wjnh`(„ ‖PLnwcwndh dfnwwag(V Nw n| {drwj~ db hdwa wjcw cw ldffdh

ic{) aah wja }rnniaka db bcnr ldffahw gng hdw azwahg wd’c bci|a |wcwafahw db bclw) {jawjar nw {c| az}ra||i~ |wcwagdr nf}inag brdf ch az}ra||ndh db d}nhndh(‖ _a|wcwafahw*\aldhg. db Wdrw|) « 122) Ldffahw c *3>;;.(

Fni`dnlj ( Idrcnh Edqrhci Ld() 7>; Q(\( 3) 3:&3> *3>>=. *lnwcwndh| dfnwwag.( C|

wjn| azcf}ia brdf wja Qhnwag \wcwa| \q}rafa Ldqrw fcà| liacr) icoainhk |dfadha

c ’incr‖ fc~ oa clwndhcoia) aah {jah ldqljag c| d}nhndh( Aah nb ldh|ngarag

|wcwafahw| db d}nhndh) \wd`ìar`„| |wcwafahw| wjcw Q\CW„| LAD Kadrka Eah|ah n| c’`hd{h incr)‖ chg wja hqfardq| rabarahla| wd ]dhun |ljafa chg brcqg cra

clwndhcoia c| ch d}nhndh wjcw ’nf}iPna|V c bci|a c||arwndh db bclw)‖ chg cra hdw fara

rjawdrnlci bidqrn|j dr j~}arodia(




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

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2( Q\CW„| Ldf}icnhw Faaw| Wja ]iacgnhk _asqnrafahw| Db WjaBagarci _qia| Db Lnni ]rdlagqra(

Ch~ waljhnlci }iacgnhk ljciiahka| wd Q\CW„| ldf}icnhw |jdqig oa cggra||ag

wd wja Ac|warh Gn|wrnlw db ]ahh|~ichnc) chg cra hdw gnralwi~ raiachw wd wjn| Ldqrw„|

galn|ndh dh \wd`ìar`„| fdwndh wd sqc|j Q\CW„| |qo}dahc( Nh ch~ aahw) Q\CW„|

ldf}icnhw cgasqcwai~ |aw| bdrwj c lcq|a db clwndh bdr gabcfcwndh( ’PBVdr c

gabcfcwndh licnf ordqkjw nh bagarci ldqrw) wja }icnhwnbb gda| hdw jca wd }iacg wja

}raln|a gabcfcwdr~ |wcwafahw| c| idhk c| wja ldqhw }rdnga| |qbbnlnahw hdwnla wd wja

gabahgchw(‖ _d|`d| ( \qkcridcb W}() ?>1 B(\q}}(?g 7:=) 7>? *F(G(]c( ?==<.(

Q\CW„| ldf}icnhw faaw| cii Bagarci hdwnla }iacgnhk rasqnrafahw| |nhla nw ciiakag

wja |}alnbnl }d|wnhk| chg wja gcwa(

R( LDHLIQ\NDH

Wjn| Ldqrw |jdqig gah~ \wd`ìar`„| fdwndh wd sqc|j qhgar wja bclwdr| db

Gahgrnwa Nhwarhcwndhci) Nhl( ( Gda Hd( <) ;;1 C(?g ;12) ;2= *H(E( ?==3. c| {aii c|

wjn| Ldqrw„| fdra |wracfinhag c}}rdclj nh Jnkjbnaig| Lc}nwci Fchckafahw I(]( (

Gda) <:1 B( \q}}(?g >2> *?==1.( Q\CW jc| faw aclj rasqnrafahw chg |jdqig oa

}arfnwwag wd }qr|qa nw| iakci rafagna| nh ldqrw nh ]ahh|~ichnc chg |aa` wd ra}cnr nw|

ra}qwcwndh(

Qhgar Gahgrnwa Nhwarhcwndhci) Nhl(„| bdqr&}crw wa|w5 *3. Q\CW jc| }rdngag

\wd`ìar` {nwj cgasqcwa hdwnla db Q\CW„| |qo}dahc wd {jnlj \wd`ìar` jc| bniag c

wnfai~ fdwndh wd sqc|j) *?. Q\CW jc| |}alnbnlcii~ ngahwnbnag chg cwwcljag aclj

gabcfcwdr~ }d|wnhk fcga o~ \wd`ìar`) *<. Q\CW jc| a|wcoin|jag c }rnfc bclna

gabcfcwndh lcq|a db clwndh crn|nhk qhgar ]ahh|~ichnc ic{) chg *7. Q\CW jc|

a|wcoin|jag wjcw \wd`ìar`„| nhwara|w nh |}ac`nhk chdh~fdq|i~ dhinha n| kracwi~

dqw{ankjag o~ Q\CW„| rnkjw wd |aa` iakci ragra|| bdr gabcfcwndh ;;1 C(?g ;12) cw

;2= *H(E( ?==3. Qhgar wja fdra |wracfinhag c}}rdclj db Jnkjbnaig| Lc}nwci




LJNBB JC_GNH II]

CWWD_HA^\ CW IC[

\CH B_CHLN\LD

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Fchckafahw ) Q\CW jc| a|wcoin|jag c ’}rnfc bclna licnf db clwndhcoia jcrf(‖ <:1

B( \q}}(?g >2>) cw >;=&;3 *?==1.(

\wd`ìar`„| licnf wjcw ja jc| farai~ lrnwnlnuag Q\CW bdr nw| ciiakagi~ ’}ddr

}arbdrfchla chg nw| kahardq| azalqwna ldf}ah|cwndh }cl`cka‖ n| oainag o~ jn|

}d|wnhk|(?< \wd`ìar`„| cllq|cwndh| db oq|nha|| fn|ldhgqlw chg brcqg cra clwndhcoia

gabcfcwndh wjcw n| hdw }rdwalwag o~ wja Bnr|w Cfahgfahw( Q\CW |aa`| wd

gawarfnha \wd`ìar`„| ngahwnw~ wd dowcnh c bcnr jacrnhk db nw| gabcfcwndh licnf(

\wd`ìar` |aa`| wd |jnaig jn| ngahwnw~ |d wjcw ja fc~ ldhwnhqa jn| gabcfcwndh {nwj

nf}qhnw~( Hdwcoi~) \wd`ìar` jc| fcga hd |jd{nhk wjcw raacinhk jn| ngahwnw~ {nii

lcq|a ch~ jcrf) afocrrc||fahw dr iakcii~&raldkhnuag }raeqgnla( Dh ocichla) wja

Ldqrw |jdqig gah~ \wd`ìar`„| fdwndh chg }arfnw Q\CW wd }rdlaag {nwj nw|

ic{|qnw(

[JA_ABD_A) Q\C Waljhdidkna|) Nhl( }rc~| wjcw wja Ldqrw gah~ Gabahgchw

Edjh Gda) C(@(C( \wd`ìar`„| Fdwndh Wd Sqc|j Wja \qo}dahc Wd ^cjdd# Nhl(

\aa`nhk Ngahwnw~ Nhbdrfcwndh(

GCWAG5 Galafoar 7) ?==> _a|}alwbqii~ |qofnwwag)\LJNBB JC_GNH II]

O~5 $|$ Ciaz LcwcidhcCiaz ]( Lcwcidhc) *Ocr Hd( ?==>=3.Cwwdrha~| bdr ]icnhwnbb Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\) NHL(

?< Fdw( Wd( Sqc|j) }( 3) inha 3:(

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Wja qhgar|nkhag jarao~ larwnbna| wjcw cii ldqh|ai db raldrg {jd cra gaafag

wd jca ldh|ahwag wd aialwrdhnl |arnla {ara |arag wja 7wj gc~ db Galafoar) ?==>)

{nwj c ld}~ db Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\ NHL(„\ D]]D\NWNDH WD

GABAHGCHW EDJH GDA) C(@(C( \WD@@IA_@„\ FDWNDH WD SQC\J

WJA \QO]DAHC WD ^CJDD# NHL( \AA@NHK NGAHWNW^

NHBD_FCWNDH nc wja Ldqrw„| LF$ALB |~|waf( N larwnb~ wjcw cii }crwna| nh wjn|

lc|a cra ra}ra|ahwag o~ ldqh|ai {jd cra LF$ALB }crwnln}chw|(

GCWAG5 Galafoar 7) ?==> \LJNBB JC_GNH II]

O~5 $|$ Ciaz LcwcidhcCiaz ]( Lcwcidhc) *Ocr Hd( ?==>=3.Cwwdrha~| bdr ]icnhwnbb Q\C WALJHDIDKNA\) NHL(

\BY>1321<3(3

Lc|a<5=>&fl&:=?;1&\N Gdlqfahw37 Bniag3?$=7$=> ]cka?: db ?:

SLAPP USAT Opposition

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