Session 4 4 ps_nnc ncr
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Transcript of Session 4 4 ps_nnc ncr
Part I. Wastong Nutrisyon para sa
Pamilya
Pag-uusapin natin…
1. Kalagayang pang-nutrisyon ng bansa
2. Epekto ng malnutrisyon
3. Basic Nutrition
4. Pag-plano ng pagkain sa pamilya
5. Gabay sa Wastong Nutrisyon
1. Hunger
2. Protein-energy malnutrition
3. Micronutrient deficiencies
4. Overnutrition
5. Diet-related noncommunicable or lifestyle-related diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancers and cardiovascular diseases)
Mga problema sa nutrisyon
Underweightchildren : 26%adults : 12%
Iodine deficiency disorderschildren : 11%
Iron deficiency anemiainfants : 56%pregnant : 43%
Vitamin A deficiencychildren : 15%
Increase in diet-related non-communicable diseases
Kalagayang pang-nutrisyon
Violation of human rights
Malnourished children
Inability to concentratein school
Schooldrop-out
Lack skill/low literacy
Under/unemployed malnourished adults
Low productivity
Poverty
Weak resistance
Infections
Early death
Epekto ng malnutrisyon
Activity 1
1. Ilista ang mga karaniwang pagkain na inihahanda sa almusal, tanghalian at hapunan (10 minuto).
Almusal Tanghalian Hapunan
Basic Nutrition
a. GO, GROW, GLOW food groups
b. How to meet nutritional requirements
GROWGROWRice
GOGO
GLOWGLOWMILKMILK
• Rich in carbohydrates, main source of energy
• Sources are: rice & rice products, corn & corn products, cereals, bread & other bakery products, starchy roots & tubers, rice flour and other noodles
Rice
GO foods
GO foods
Lack of carbohydrates may result in:
• Underweight and/or loss of weight
• General weakness
• Poor physical performance
• Fainting or collapse, in severe deficiency
• Fats are also included in this food group
• It is a concentrated source of energy and helps absorb, transport and store fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
• Fats provides essential fatty acids which have important functions in the body
GO foods
Lack of fat in daily meals results in:
• Underweight
• Sluggishness
• Skin irritations similar to eczema
• Signs and symptoms of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, esp. vitamin A
GO foods
Rice Substitutes
• Camote
• Cassava (kamoteng kahoy)
• Gabi
• Saging Saba
• Rich in protein needed for building and repairing body tissues for growth and maintenance
GROW foods
MILKMILK
• Builds resistance to infection
• Supplies additional energy
GROW foods
MILKMILK
• Sources are: meat, internal organs, chicken, eggs, fish, shellfish, milk, milk products, munggo and other dried beans, nuts
GROW foods
Lack of protein results in:
• Retarded growth in children
• Low resistance to infection at any age
• Slow recovery from illness
• Low birth weight
• Anemia
• Loss of weight
• Edema, skin lesions, mental sluggishness
GLOW foodsGLOW foods
• Rich in vitamins and minerals, these are essential for body functions; also important for growth and normal functioning of the body
• Rich source of fiber
What is a healthy diet?
• Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, root crops & fat-free or low fat milk
• Includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, egg & nuts
• Is low in saturated, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium) & added sugars
How do we meet these requirements?
Use the Food Pyramid as guide
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
1-3 y/o 4-6 y/o 7-9 y/o 10/12 y/o
Green and leafy vegetables
¼ cup cooked
1/3 cup cooked
1/3 cup cooked
½ cup cooked
Other vegetables
2 Tbsp. cooked
¼ cup cooked
½ cup cooked
½ cup cooked
Vitamin C rich fruits
½ medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
½-1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
Other fruits ½ medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
½-1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
1-3 y/o 4-6 y/o 7-9 y/o 10/12 y/o
Fats and Oils
6 teaspoons
6 teaspoons
6 teaspoons
6-8 teaspoons
Sugar 4 teaspoons
5 teaspoons
5 teaspoons
5-6 teaspoons
Water and Beverages
4-6 glasses (240 mL)
5-7 glasses
6-8 glasses
6-8 glasses
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
13-15y/o 16-19 y/o Adult, 20-39 y/o
Rice and alterna-tives
6-7 cups, cooked
6½-8 cups cooked
5½-8 cups, cooked
1 serving of rice or alternatives = 1 cup rice, cooked, or 4 pcs. pandesal, or 4 slices of loaf bread, or 1 cup macaroni, spaghetti, cooked or 1 pack instant noodles, or 1 small size root crop
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
13-15y/o 16-19 y/o Adult, 20-39 y/o
Meat and alterna-tives
2½ servings
2½ servings
2¾-3 servings
Fish/Meat/Poultry/Dried Beans/Nuts
1 serving of fish = 2 pieces (16 cm long); 1 serving of meat/poultry = 30 g lean meat, cooked, or 1½ cups cooked dried beans
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
13-15y/o 16-19 y/o Adult, 20-39 y/o
Egg 1 piece, medium size (3-4x a week)
1 piece, medium size (3-4x a week)
1 piece, medium size (3-4x a week)
Whole Milk
1 glass 1 glass 1 glass
1 glass = 240 ml (1 glass whole milk is equivalent to 4 Tbsp powdered whole milk or ½ cup evaporated milk diluted in 1 glass of water)
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
13-15y/o 16-19 y/o Adult, 20-39 y/o
Green and leafy vegetables
¾ cup cooked
¾ cup cooked
¾ cup cooked
Other vegetables
¾ cup cooked
¾ cup cooked
¾ cup cooked
Vitamin C rich fruits
2 servings
2 servings
1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
Other fruits 1 serving 1 serving 1 medium size or 1 slice of a big fruit
Requirements of various age groups
Food group
Recommended Amounts
13-15y/o 16-19 y/o Adult, 20-39 y/o
Fats and Oils
6-8 teaspoons
6-8 teaspoons
6-8 teaspoons
Sugar 5-6 teaspoons
5-6 teaspoons
5-8 teaspoons
Water and Beverages
6-8 glasses (240 mL each)
6-8 glasses
6-8 glasses
How do we meet these requirements?
Proper meal planning
– think VARIETY of foods!
How do we meet these requirements?
Proper meal planning
• Preparation of low-cost menus
• All food groups present when planning for meals
GO,GROW, GLOW!
Considerations in Meal Planning
1. Adequacy and availability of foods
2. Traditions and customs
3. Economic resources/considerations
4. Personal likes and dislikes
5. Suitable combinations of foods
Considerations in Meal Planning
6. Seasonality
7. Staying quality of food
8. Ease of food preparation
9. Meal patterns
Guides for planning meals
1. Select food that meets the nutritional needs of those who will eat.
2. Consider food for each meal in relation to food plans for the day.
3. Keep the food value of any given meal essentially the same, day after day.
4. Select food suitable for the meal.
5. Consider the personal likes and dislikes of the group.
6. Select foods that combine pleasingly.
7. Have contrast in the food in color, texture, form and temperature.
Guides for planning meals
8. Have daily variety.
9. Select foods in season when possible.
10.Avoid serving more than two dishes of concentrated food in any one meal.
11.Select food that is easily prepared.
Guides for planning meals
12. Select food that is easily served.
13. Select foods after due consideration of the equipment on hand.
14. Consider the cost in relation to the food allowance for the day.
Guides for planning meals
Low-cost menus
• Use of available resources
• Use of indigenous fruits and vegetables
• Example of a low-cost menu:
Breakfast
Hard cooked egg
Rice
Fresh fruit
Lunch
Nilagang
Manok
Rice
Fresh fruit
Dinner
Fried galunggong
Pinakbet
Rice
Fresh fruit
Activity 2
1. Gumawa ng isang plano ng pagkain para sa isang linggo para sa pamilyang may apat na miyembro. (15 minuto)
M T W Th F S S
B
L
D
. . . fosters an adequate and balanced diet as well as desirable food and nutrition practices and healthy habits
. . . are primary recommendations to promote good health through proper nutrition.
Kumain ng Kumain ng iba’t ibang iba’t ibang uri ng uri ng pagkain pagkain araw-arawaraw-araw
Eat a variety of foods everyday
• The human body needs more than 40 different nutrients for good health.
• No single food can provide all the nutrients in the amounts needed.
Balanced Diet
• Contains all the nutrients and other substances found naturally in food, in proper amounts and proportions needed by the body to function well
Benefits of eating a balanced diet
• Full mental development
• Better concentration
• Feel better
• More pleasant
Mean one–day per capita food consumption, in grams, Philippines, 1978 - 2003
Food group and subgroup Consumption (gram), raw as purchased
1978 1982 1987 1993 2003
Cereals and cereal product 367 356 345 340 364
Starch roots and tubers 37 42 22 17 19
Sugars and syrups 19 22 24 19 24
Fats and oils 13 14 14 12 18
Fish, meat and poultry 133 154 157 147 185
Eggs 8 9 10 12 13
Milk and milk products 42 44 43 44 49
Dried beans, nuts and seeds 8 10 10 10 10
Vegetables 145 130 111 106 111
Green, leafy, yellow 34 37 29 30 31
Other vegetables 111 93 82 76 80
Fruits 104 102 107 77 54
Vitamin C-rich 30 18 24 21 12
Other fruits 74 84 83 56 42
Miscellaneous 21 32 26 19 39
Total 897 915 869 803 886
Source: National Nutrition Surveys: 1978-2003, FNRI
Pasusuhin ang Pasusuhin ang sanggol ng gatas ni ina sanggol ng gatas ni ina lamang mula lamang mula pagkasilang hanggang pagkasilang hanggang 6 na buwan at saka 6 na buwan at saka bigyan ng mga angkop bigyan ng mga angkop na pagkain habang na pagkain habang pinapasuso pa.pinapasuso pa.
BreastfeedingBreastfeeding
• One of the most effective strategies to improve child survival
• Nutritional requirements of an infant can be obtained solely from breastmilk for the first 6 months of life
• Decision to breastfeed is made by the mother with the support and encouragement from husband, family and the community
Exclusive Exclusive breastfeedingbreastfeeding
• Means nothing (except medicines and water by dropper, spoon or cup) is fed to the infant other than breastmilk
35.9 36.8
27.3
0.0 0.5
39.4
59.8
0.3 0.6
21.6
65.7
12.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0-5 months 12-23 months6-11 months
Per
cen
tag
eBreastfeeding and Complementary Breastfeeding and Complementary
Feeding, 2008Feeding, 2008Breastfeeding and Complementary Breastfeeding and Complementary
Feeding, 2008Feeding, 2008
Exclusive breastfeeding
Breastfeeding + Complementary Fdg.
Other milk or other milk + other foods
Other foods
Source: 7th National Nutrition Survey, FNRI-DOST, 2008
Reason why BF stopped, 2008
Source: 7th National Nutrition Survey, FNRI-DOST, 2008
Complementary foodsComplementary foods
• Foods provided IN ADDITION to breastmilk at 6 completed months and when baby is physically ready:
– Doubled birth weight
– Can hold head straight when sitting up
– Opens mouth when food approaches
Complementary foodsComplementary foods
• Foods provided IN ADDITION to breastmilk at 6 completed months and when baby is physically ready:
– Interested in foods when others eat
– Able to transfer food from the front of the tongue to the back
– Able to swallow
Panatilihin ang tamang Panatilihin ang tamang paglaki ng bata sa paglaki ng bata sa pamamagitan ng palagiang pamamagitan ng palagiang pagsubaybay sa kanyang pagsubaybay sa kanyang timbangtimbang
Growth monitoringGrowth monitoring• Growth can be tracked by regularly taking
the weight and measuring the height of a child
• Can be assessed with the use of reference tables such as:
– Weigh-for-age
– Height-for-age
– Weight-for-length
– Weight-for-height
Growth chartGrowth chart
• Used to assess growth rate, detect growth abnormalities, monitor health and nutritional status, and evaluate the effects of nutrition intervention
Well-nourished childWell-nourished child
• Healthy
• Strong
• Alert
• Has good disposition
• Grows at normal rate
Poor nourished childPoor nourished child
• Exhibit sluggishness
• May have delay in physical and mental development
• Lethargic
• Frequently ill
Overnourished childOvernourished child
• Obese
• May cause physical and emotional problems in childhood and later in life
– Predisposed to non-communicable diseases
Provide adequate diet to an active child that will promote good
health and normal growth
Kumain ng Kumain ng isda, karne, isda, karne, manok o manok o tuyong tuyong butong butong gulaygulay
Kumain ng maraming Kumain ng maraming gulay, prutas at gulay, prutas at lamang-ugat.lamang-ugat.
Kumain Kumain araw-araw araw-araw ng mga ng mga pagkaing pagkaing niluto sa niluto sa mantika o mantika o edible oiledible oil
Uminom ng gatas Uminom ng gatas araw-araw at araw-araw at kumain ng mga kumain ng mga produkto nito, mga produkto nito, mga pagkaing mayaman pagkaing mayaman sa kalsiyum gaya sa kalsiyum gaya ng maliliit na isda ng maliliit na isda (tulad ng dilis) at (tulad ng dilis) at madahong berdeng madahong berdeng gulay.gulay.
Gumamit ng Gumamit ng iodized salt iodized salt (asin na may (asin na may yodo) subali’t yodo) subali’t iwasan ang iwasan ang masyadong masyadong maalat na maalat na pagkain.pagkain.
Preventing goiter and Preventing goiter and IDDIDD
1. Consume foods grown in iodine-rich soils
2. Eat iodine-rich foods such as seafood and seaweed
3. Regular consumption of foods fortified with iodine or prepared with iodized salt
Salt and hypertensionSalt and hypertension
High sodium intake
High blood
pressure
Increases risk of heart disease,
stroke and other
diseases
Linked to
Kumain ng Kumain ng malinis at malinis at ligtas na ligtas na pagkainpagkain
Food safetyFood safety
“All conditions and measures that are necessary during the production, processing, storage, distribution and preparation of food to ensure that food is safe, sound, wholesome and fit for human consumption.”
- WHO-FAO
• Buy foods that are safe
– Purchase from reliable sources
• Foods should be kept clean at all stages – from production to consumption
• Practice food safety
Clean and safe foodsClean and safe foods
Preventing food-borne Preventing food-borne diseasesdiseases
1. Practice good personal hygiene.
2. Drink safe water.
3. Practice good housekeeping
4. Clean and sanitize environment. Practice pest control.
5. Handle food safely.
6. Read food labels.
Para sa malusog Para sa malusog na pamumuhay na pamumuhay at wastong at wastong nutrisyon, mag-nutrisyon, mag-ehersisyo nang ehersisyo nang palagian, huwag palagian, huwag manigarilyo, at manigarilyo, at iwasan ang pag-iwasan ang pag-inom ng alak.inom ng alak.
Why prevent dreaded Why prevent dreaded disease?disease?
• Affects productivity
– Absenteeism at school, work
• Costly
– Medicines
– Medical care
• Net effect on not only individual but also community and nation
Leading causes of morbidity
CauseCause Rate per 100,000Rate per 100,000PopulationPopulation
1. Acute lower RTI and pneumonia1. Acute lower RTI and pneumonia 828.8828.8
2. Acute watery diarrhea2. Acute watery diarrhea 707.7707.7
3. Brochitis/Bronchioltis3. Brochitis/Bronchioltis 689.9689.9
4. Hypertension4. Hypertension 522.8522.8
5. Influenza5. Influenza 435.0435.0
6. TB respiratory6. TB respiratory 169.9169.9
7. Diseases of the heart7. Diseases of the heart 49.349.3
8. Acute febrile illness8. Acute febrile illness 32.532.5
9. Malaria9. Malaria 27.627.6
10. Dengue fever10. Dengue fever 19.619.6
Source: 2006 Morbdity Data from DOH website (www.doh.gov.ph/kp/statistics/morbidity)
Leading causes of mortality, 2005
Cause Rate per 100,000Population
1. Heart diseases1. Heart diseases 90.490.4
2. Vascular system diseases2. Vascular system diseases 63.863.8
3. Malignant neoplasm3. Malignant neoplasm 48.948.9
4. Pneumonia4. Pneumonia 42.842.8
5. Accidents5. Accidents 39.139.1
6. Tuberculosis, all forms6. Tuberculosis, all forms 31.231.2
7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 24.624.6
8. Diabetes Mellitus8. Diabetes Mellitus 21.621.6
9. Certain conditions originating in perinatal period9. Certain conditions originating in perinatal period 14.514.5
10. 10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosisNephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 3.63.6
Source: 2005 Mortality Data from DOH website (www.doh.gov.ph/kp/statistics/mortality) accessed on 23 June 2010
What is healthy lifestyle?
• Way of life that promotes and protects health and well-being
— Department of Health
HL to the MAXHL to the MAX1. No smoking (Huwag manigarilyo)2. Don’t drink (Iwas alak)3. No to illegal drugs (Talo ka sa droga)4. Prevent hypertension (Bantay
presyon)5. Do physical activity (Katawang aktibo)6. Manage stress (Bawas stress)7. Eat low-fat, low-salt, high-fiber diet
(Wastong pagkain)
Why is a healthy Why is a healthy lifestyle important?lifestyle important?
• Prevent dreaded chronic diseases– Heart disease– Diabetes– Cancers– Respiratory ailments
• Prevent early death
Part II. Proper Handling and Preparation of
Foods
Mga Ginintuang Alituntunin ng World Health Organization Para sa Ligtas na Paghahanda ng Pagkain
1. Piliin ang pagkain na pinoproseso para matiyak na ito ay ligtas.
2. Lutuing mabuti ang pagkain.3. Kainin kaagad ang mga nilutong pagkain.4. Iimbak nang mabuti ang nilutong
pagkain.5. Muling initin nang lubos ang mga
nilutong pagkain.
Mga Ginintuang Alituntunin ng World Health Organization Para sa Ligtas na Paghahanda ng Pagkain
6. Iwasang masagi ng hilaw na pagkain ang mga nilutong pagkain.
7. Maghugas ng kamay nang madalas.8. Panatilihing malinis ang mga lugar na
pinaghahandaan ng pagkain.9. Pangalagaan ang mga pagkain laban sa
mga insekto, daga at iba pang hayop.10. Gumamit ng malinis na tubig.
Kumain ng iba’t ibang uri ng pagkain araw-araw.
Pasusuhin ang sanggol ng gatas ng ina lamang mula pagkasilang hanggang 6 na buwan at saka bigyan ng mga angkop na pagkain habang pinapasuso pa.
Panatilihin ang tamang paglaki ng bata sa pamamagitan ng palagiang pagsubaybay sa kanyang timbang.
Kumain ng isda, karne, manok, o tuyong butong-gulay.
Kumain ng maraming gulay, prutas at lamang-ugat.
Para sa malusog na pamumuhay at wastong nutrisyon, mag-ehersisyo nang palagian, huwag manigarilyo, at iwasan ang pag-inom ng alak.
Kumain araw-araw ng mga pagkaing niluto sa mantika o edible oil.
Uminom ng gatas araw-araw at kumain ng produkto nito, mga pagkaing mayaman sa kalsiyum gaya ng maliliit na isda (tulad ng dilis) at madahong berdeng gulay.
Gumamit ng iodized salt (asin na may yodo) subali’t iwasan ang masyadong maalat na pagkain.
Kumain ng malinis at ligtas na pagkain.
National Nutrition CouncilNational Capital Region
Rooms 113 & 114, Bldg 2, Center for Health Development-MM, Welfareville Compound, Mandaluyong City
For additonal information:
533-2713;
Website: www.nnc.gov.ph
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