TRNGIHCTNCTHNGKHOAKHOAHCNGDNGBMNCNGNGHSINHHC

SEMINAR:

CNGNGHSNXUTBCACAO,BTCACAO

GVHD:NGUYNTHTHUSANGSVTH:NGUYNHONGNPHANLCBOCHIUHUNHTHTRGIANG

TPHCM,03/2008

LIGIITHIU

Trongnhngnmgny,thtrngcacaoVitNamvThGiicnhgilnnh.TuynhinvicBBinNgnccsnlngcacaolnnhtthgiigimxutkhucacaolmchogiccacaotnglnmanglinhiuchicngnhthchthcchocacaocaVitNam.Cacaomanglinhiulichvmtkinhtcngnhnhiumtkhcnhyhc,sckhe.CcsnphmcacaocaVitNamchathtsadngpngnhucuthtrng,mtphndosnlngcacaothp,mtkhcchautcngnghhinisnxutccsnphmtcacao.Chngtilmbiseminar:Cngnghsnxutbcacaovbtcacaonhmgipccbnhiucphnnovquytrnhcngnghcngnhmtsvnlinquannvicsnxutbcacaovbtcacao.Biseminarnygm3phn:Phn1:TngquanPhn2:QuytrnhcngnghPhn3:LichcacacaoBiseminarchcchnscnhngsaist,rtmongnhncnhngkinnggpcacvccbnhonthinhn.Xinchnthnhcmn!

Nhmthchin.

1

MCLC

PHN1:TNGQUAN............................................................................................3I.GIITHIUVCYCACAO...................................................................41.Mt..............................................................................................................42.Lchstrngcycacao..............................................................................43.Thnhphnhahccacacao..................................................................54.Tnhchtvtlhtcacao...........................................................................75.iukinsng...............................................................................................86.Lich............................................................................................................87.CycacaoVitNam.................................................................................8II.KTHUTTRNGCACAO....................................................................91.Kthutchngingcacao.........................................................................92.Lpvnm..............................................................................................93.Thivgieoht..........................................................................................104.Kthutchmscvnm...................................................................105.Tiuchun,chtlngbucacaoging.................................................116.Subnhvbinphpphngtr.............................................................11III.TNHCHTVTLVHAHCCAHTCACAO,BCACAO,CACAOTNG(CC)VBTCACAO..........................151.Htcacao...................................................................................................152.Cacaotng.................................................................................................163.Bcacao....................................................................................................164.Btcacao...................................................................................................17PHN2:QUYTRNHCNGNGH.................................................................19I.Kthutthuhoch........................................................................................21II.Kthutschcacao.................................................................................21III.Lnmencacao...........................................................................................21IV.Qutrnhsykh.......................................................................................25V.Tinxl......................................................................................................26VI.Snxutbcacao......................................................................................27VII.Snxutbtcacao...................................................................................28PHN3:LICHCACACAO.......................................................................29TILIUTHAMKHO.....................................................................................33

2

PHN1:

TNGQUAN

3

I.GIITHIUVCYCACAO:

Gii(regnum):PlantaeNgnh(divisio):MagnoliophytaLp(class):MagnoliopsidaB(ordo):MalvalesH(familia):SterculiaceaeChi(genus):TheobromaLoi(species):T.cacao

1.Mt:Lcythngxanhtngtrung,cao4-8m(15-26ft),abngrp,ckhnngchubngttnnthngctrngxenditncykhcnhtrongccvnda,caosu,vnrng...csntnghiuqusdngt.CacaochohtlmnguynliusdngchongnhcngnghipthcphmcthlccsnphmcaocpnhScla,Cacao...nnchogitrkinhtrtcao.CcloicacaoctrngrngritrnthgiilCrillovForasteronhngthnggpnhtlTrinitariolloiclaitot2loitrn.Gicacaothgiitrongnhngnmgnycnhgiltnginnh,daongt1.300-1.500USD/tn.2.Lchstrngcycacao:Hn2000nmtrc,cycacaotrthnhmtphnkhngththiutrongcucsngcanhngngidnvngChuMLatinh.NgiMayanvAztectrngcycacaotrtlutrckhinhngnhthmhimChuutmtilcany.TheonhnhiunhnghincuthcycacaocthbtnguntnhngcnhrngmaAmazonethunglngOrinocoVenezuelahayvngChiapacaMexico.NgiMayantinrngcycacaolcaThngvhtcacaolnsngcachachoconngi.NgiMayancllnhngngiutintrntritnysdngcacaolmthcphm,hlmungvinhnghtcacaocnngln,nghinnhinvphavibtngnhmtosnhkhiung,tuynhinkhiycchthcchbinrtngin.ColombuscthlngiChuuutinbitncacaonhngkhingtamangnhnghtcacaovchovuaFerdinandvhonghuIsabellathhchahiurngthvngnunytuytvindngnovchnkhingiTyBanNhatiMehico,nhthmhimCorteschongMontezumamidngthloiungcbitny,thcacaomibtumthnhtrnhmi:ChinhphcChuu.

4

CotesmangrtnhiucacaovTyBanNhavonm1528,tuynhinhngvcamnnyqungsovikhuvcangiTyBanNha,dovyhchothmngvdngnng.ikhi,nhngngiTyBanNhacnchothmqu,hi,vchanh,bthoahngkhtonnnhnghngvmivcngcovcacaotrthnhthungthngdngcagiinghsvhonggiaTyBanNha.Tronggn1thk,cacaoccoilthcungctrngvliubmtcanhngngiTyBanNha.TuynhindogicqutnnnhngngiTyBanNhathcdngvnhybnngaylptctrngcycacaotrnccthucacahxutkhutinhngqucgiakhctrongchulcvthulikhonlinhunkhngl.CacaolantruynkhpChuu,vicungbtcacaothnhmttroluPhp,dithivuaLouis14v15thcungcacaortcachungtiVersailles.VricacaotiAnh,cnggingnhPhp,nnhanhchngchinhphcncAnh.Ktkhiqunbnthcungcacaoutinckhaitrngnm1657,tiuthk18nhngnhmysnxutthcungcacaovsclautincthnhlp.Ti1730,cacaostgimnhcngvinhngmymcchtothcungcacaovsclacphtminhtrongcuccchmngcngnghiptotincho1nncngnghipsnxutcacaovislnglnvgithnhr.Phtminhracchphtcacaomilmgimginhnglitngchtlngthnhphmlnrtnhiu,cnglcginggimmnhvisngngidntrnkhpChuuuctnglnngknnnuthk20,thcungcacaotrthnhmtntvnhamthcctrngcatonChuu.Visphttrinmnhmlintc,cacaotrthnhmtthcphmthngdngvphbintrnkhpChuuvthgii.

3.Thnhphnhahccacacao:

Tnhchtvtlvhahccahtcacaovccsnphmtcacaortphctp.Chngthayitheotuithcahtvphthucvoqutrnhchbin.Sauylmtschsvsthayicahttheotuith,cngvingunthamkhochoccthngtinchitithnvltnhvhatnhcacacao.Trongbtcacaocchakhongtrn300loihachtkhcnhau.Chonnayvictmhiutcdngcacchachtnyivicthconngivngvt,mcbitltcdngtrnnob,thnkinh,timmch...vncnlbitonkhgii.Tuynhin,khoahcdnhltngphncabcmnbmtmangtncacaoy.

5

HpchtHtkh(g/100g)Saukhirangvconching(g/100g)Trongsclasa(mg/100g)FlavanolsCatechins3.0(+)Catechin1.6-2.750.03-0.080.02(-)-Epicatechin(+)-Gallocatechin(+)-Epigallocatechin0.25-0.450.3-0.5Cacaogiuccchtphytochemicallccchthotngsinhhcctrongthcvt(vdnhflavonoidvcarotenoid)ccholctclichosckhengi.Tronghtcacaochalnmen,ccsctchimt11-13%cam.Cctbosctchakhong65-70%(khilng)polyphenolv3%anthocyanin.Trongqutrnhlnmen,polyphenoltriquaccphnngkhcnhaubaogmcqutrnhtccvphnngviproteinvpeptide.Khong20%(theokhilng)polyphenolcnlicuiqutrnhlnmen.Qutrnhrangvccqutrnhchbincacaokhccnglmgyrasthayi.Hmlngpolyphenolsthayityloihtcacaovmclnmen.Ktqucamtnghincuvccchtphytochemicalvpolyphenolicstmthytrongcacaonhsau:

6

LeucocyanidinsL1-L42.7L1:0.08-0.17Polymericlecocyanidins2.1-5.4Anthocyanins0.013-a-L-arabinosidylcyanidin0.33--D-galactosidylcyanidin0.1FlavonolsQuercetinQuercetin-3-arabinosideQuercetin-3-glucosideTotalphenolics13.5Mtnghincukhcchornghmlngpolyphenoltngtronghtcthctnht6-8%theokhilnghtkhCatechinkhngmutrongkhianthocyanintonnmutmcahtchalnmen.Trongqutrnhlnmenvsy,anthocyanincchuynsanghpchtquinonictonnmunuctrngchoht.MtnghincuvtngspolyphenolcasnphmcacaotheophngphpphntchdchchithucFolin-Ciocalteautmthy20,000ppmtrongbtcacao.

4.Tnhchtvtlhtcacao:Htcacao:HtcacaolhtcacyTheobromacacao.Mihtbaogmhailmmvmtphinh,ttcnmtrongmtlpvbov.Lmmdtrthcnchoqutrnhsinhtrngcacyvstrthnhhailutincacykhihtnymm.Thcndtrbaogmcchtbo(bcacaochimmtnakhilngkhcaht).Chtlngtnhchtcabcacaonhnngchyvcngphthucvoloicacaoviukinmitrng.Qutrnhlnmenhtdnnnhiuthayihahcctrongthtquvtrongbnthnhtnhn.Sthayinytonnhngvvlmthayimusccahtnhn.Htnhnsaucsyvannhsnxutnhnguynliuthchbincacaotng(cc),btcacaovbcacao.Bcutincaqutrnhchbinlranghtlmthayimuscvhngv.ngthivcngbloib.Sau,qutrnhkimhacdinralmbinihngvvmusc.

7

ThnhphnhahcMnhcacaonghin%TiaV%TiaNc3.26.6Chtbo(bcacao,chtbov)575.9Tro4.220.7NitNittng2.53.2Theobromine1.30.9Caffeine0.70.3Tinhbt95.2Chtxdngth3.219.2Diylmtktquphntchthnhphnhahccahtsaukhilnmenvsy:

Tuynhin,nnlurngsliutrnchctnhthamkhovchngsthayitytheoloiht,chtlngcaqutrnhlnmenvsycngcanhccqutrnhtiptheosau.Cacaotng(cc):csnxutbngcchnghinmnhhtcacao.Chtlngcacacaolngsphthuclloiht.Nhsnxutthngtrnnhiuloihtkhcnhautcchtlngvmivyucu.Qutrnhrangvkimhalmtngmuscvhngvcnglmthayithnhphnhahccachng.5.iukinsng:Cythchhpvinhngvngcnhittrungbnh25-28,mtrungbnh85%,lngmahngnm1.500-2.000mm.Cycuim1nmthu2v,nhucunckhngln,tphiti;khngkntnhngcngkhngchucccvngqukhhnnhtcthonton.6.Lich:HtcacaosdnglmnguynliuchbinraccsnphmcaocpnhScla.Cacaocnlungthngdngvcchtkchthchnhnglngcapheinthphncphrtnhiu.Vtrisaukhilyhtcthphikhxaylmthcnchogiasc.Cykhngcnhtranhvtnhiuvcthtrngxentrongccvncycsngiptnghiuqusdngt.7.CycacaoVitNam:VitNam,cacaocdunhpvortsm,theochnccnhtruyngiophngTy.Hinti,cyctrngrngrinhiuni,vngTyNguynvncnhgilciukinltngnhtchophttrincycacao.y,theonghin

8

cuthngkthcyrahoachoququanhnm,snlngbnhqunt3kghtkh/1cy5nmtui.Tuynhin,hintiVitNam,cycacaochaphttrinrngridothuhochkhngtptrung,kthutxlsauthuhochcngphctp,philnmen...nnngidnngitrng.*)MtvihnhnhvCacao

CyCacaonon.HtCacaoangcphi.QuCacaonguynvn.QuCacaobi.

II.KTHUTTRNGCACAO:

Cacaocnhntmtctcatri

1.Kthutchngingcacao:Gingnnchntnhngcycngungcrrng,chocnngsutcao,ckhnngkhngmtssubnhhichnh,khnngsinhtrngvphttrintt,phhpviiukinsinhthicaaphng.Chnqutrncccycnngsutnnht6-7nmtrln(ivicythcsinh).Cnhghp,cnhdm,mtghpphiclytnguncacccquannghincuhoccccquanchuyngiaokthuttuynchn,chnlcthngquaccnghincu,khonghimging.2.Lpvnm:Vnmcacaocmichegimt30-40%nhsng,cchngixungquanh.Hnhpt+phnhuc+phnlncchovotibuPExptheolungrngt0,8-1m.

9

Bumkchthc14-15x25cm(gieobnght),nubughpdngti16-18x28cm.Htgingkhilyv(lmschlpnhybnngoibngtrobphaymtca)cxlbngccloithucgcngnhVibenC...(nngtheohngdn)trnmbnhPhytophthora.Htgingcemgieongay,khngqulusnhhngntlnymm,gieocngsmcngtt.a)Cchhtging:htcacaocrimngtrnbaotigait(gimchoht),hngngykimtravonh.Khong3-5ngyhtntnanh.b)Gieohtvobu:(2cch)-Htcha:Gieohtvobutimu,thttheohngnmngang,bnhlntrn,saulpmtlptmnglntrnht.-Ht:(ntnanh)Gieongayvobutim(utrongbu)theochiuthngng(mmdi).Ch:Khngmmqudihocthmumm.3.Thivgieoht:Ttnhtlthng1,2,3kptrngngthiv.Nimamuncthgieouthng4.Nugieomun(thng4,5),hocqusm(thng9,10)gieolmgcghp.Cnchhnchm(tbuqumdbbnh)cthdngtmnilngsngchemachovnm.4.Kthutchmscvnm:-Chnt:Dngtctpha,tBazannhiumn,tikhngctcc(tobrphttrin).Nutchuanntrnthmvibt.-Hnhpttrongbu:t30-40%,phnchunghoai50-60%,cnlilln,vivphnvisinh.-Kthutchmscvnm:Thngxuynkimtravnm,phthinkpthinhngtriuchngsubnh,khhocqut...Tinc:Thititbnhthnghaingyti1ln,chccmplungbuthnghaybkh.Chmsc:Thngxuynlmctrnbuvrnhngichngcnhtranhdinhdngvtoninnucacntrngphhoicacao.C10-15ngyphunphnbnlchovnm(phuntdilphunln).KhiCacaoc3lthtcnobu,xpbutt,xuthnhlungringkthpbnNPKchmsctt.Khibucacaoc3thng,obu,ginthabu,kthpbnNPK.KimtranhkvphthinkpthisubnhhivcbinphpphngtrbngccloithucBi58,Bassa,VibenC,COC85,Validacin,Carbenzim(nngtheohngdn).

10

Khibucacaoc3,5thngtuitinhnhddnchexutvnemtrng.5.Tiuchun,chtlngbucacaoging:-Tiuchun,chtlngbuthcsinh:HtcacaocmtrongbuPE14-15x25cm.Cykhngbsubnh,gckhngbddng.Cycchiucao35-40cm,ngknhgctrn5mm,cykhemnh,cngcp,lthnhthc.-Tiuchun,chtlngbughp:Bughpcthigiantrongvnmt5thngtrln,cmtrongbu16-18x28cm.Mtghpkhixutvnphitchiudit15-20cmtrln.Bughpkhngbsubnh,khngddng,lthnhthc.6.Subnhvbinphpphngtr:a)Mtsloicntrnghichnhcycacao:-Mi:(H25,H26)ltchilnivicycacaotnhta,cnimiphhit50-60%.Triuchng:Mihinhtlgiaioncycacaocnnon(trngmi).Micnngmdithaystmttlmchocykhhovcht.Binphpphngtr:DngthucConfidornng20ccthucphavi10ltnc.Phunvohnhpt+phntrckhitrng.Trngxongphuntrlitrncyvphunquanhgccacao.Mtbnhthucphacthxl60-80h,01hacn0,3-0,4ltthuc.Nuninhiumicn1ltthucdphngphun.Bcnhcnghil(Apogoniaspp,Adoretusspp:H27)Bcnhcngnlcacaothucnhiuloikhcnhaunhbnu,bxm,bhungkim.Tptnh:Thngnlvobanm,banngytrngnitihaydit.Binphpphngtr:

o

o

Thngxuynlmschckhngchocntrngtrng.Ccychebng,chetphplnhtlcycacaogiaionkinthit

cbn.DngthuchahcnhBasudin,Sevin...phuntheonnghngdn,nnphunvobuichiu.-Bchchht(Psrudodoniella):Chchhtnhatrnthn,qulmtbochtdnnnngsutkhngcao.Binphpphngtr:

11

Trnhdngcychebngccntrngksinh.Dngthinchkinenphngtr.Ch:kinentnti,trchtphitiuditkinvngtomitrngchokinentntivphttrin,lyldalmtchokin.Dngkinenlmthinch?khngchongitrngtrnqu.-Sucthn(suhng)Gleniacelia(H28):Suthngcphnthnvcnh,nphnvmtcarangoiminglcrixungt.Cnh,thnbcskhhovcht.Binphpphngtr:Thngxuynkimtrangrungphthinsm,ctbthn,cnhbsuvtmdit.DngthuchahcnhBasudin50EC,Polytrin440ND,Supracide40ND...phunucccnhnonnisuthchc.-Suctricacao(H29):Kchtrncychmchm,lsuhichnhngnamchu.VitNammitrngcacaonncnphngloisuhiny(itngkimdch).Triuchng:Quchnkhngu,bquthysulmdnhcchtvonhau(kthn).Susng2-3tunsbinthnhnhng,sauvhathnhngi(thnhtrng).5-8ngysaustrngtrnvqucacao.Trngn,suclchuivociqu.Vngicasucqu35ngy.Binphpphngtr:

ocacao.o

o

Khngchoaquinikhc,khngtrngcychmchmtrongvn

Trngdngcacaocvqucngkhng.Sdngthuctrsu(nnthntrngcntrngkhngthuc),nn

thayithucdngvphunngnnghngdn.

o

o

Khiphthinnhngtrnlthdngthuchahctiudit.Thuhochquthngxuyn,tacnh,tohnhthngthong(ylk

thutchnhhnchsucqucacao).-Ccloisukhcnhsuo,sucnl,bnt...khiphthindngthuchahcphngtr.b)MtsngvthiCacao:Kh,chut,sc,chimgkin..Tchi:Bqu,cqukhotl,gmqu,nhtlqugignchn.Binphpphngtr:tbynhbt,dngbinphpxuaui.Hinnaycmtsthucgynhimvirtgyhiquangmuiviccngvttrn.c)Bnhhi:Cngnhccloicytrngkhccycacaothngbccloibnhphttrinmangtnhccbtngvng.Docngtckimdchthcvtphicbitcoitrng.

12

Nguynnhnbnhphttrin:

o

o

o

Dokhoahckthutphttrin.Hthngcytrngngycngadng.Sdngnhiuthuchahcdnncntrngvbnhhikhngthuc.

Binphpphngtr:

o

Chngingkhng(trc,trongvsaukhitrng).Gingmangtnh

khngagenmangtnhbnvnghnngen.

o

Dngccbinphpcanhtctnghpthchnghichocycacaonhng

khngthchnghiivicntrngvbnhhi.

o

Dngphngphpphngtrsinhhc,phngthchcctcnhnsinh

hc(cntrng,nm)vomitrng:t,nc,cy,lmgimthiusubnhhi.Songphngphpnytsdngvhiuquthpdochiphln.Dngthuchahcbngccloithucludnnihptrongcyhnchnhhngnmitrng.-BnhPhytophthoraBnhnyksinhtrn150loithcvtkhcnhau,ngthibnhPhytophthoracngrtnhiuchng.ngnamthngphttrinbnhPhytophthorapalmivora.NmPhytophthorapalmivoranmtrongt,khicmcaothphttrin.Malnbnlnhocdokin,mivbcnhcnglmmigiilylantrnthn,l,qu.Mtqubbnhnngcthc4triubotlylan.Triuchng:Trnqu,thnvlthnhthckhibnhxuthinthvtbnhcng(ntayvothycng),nummlbnhkhc.Ringlnondbrcht.phthinbnhPhytophthorapalmivorathngkimtravobuichiuvtbnhmtngvng.Nutrnthncylydaogtvcacaothyvtbnhmu.Cy,qucacaohir(khngtinhnhngcykhc)dodinhdngkhngvnchuync.Binphpphngtr:Chngingkhngbnh.Bnphnhuchoaicbitlphngiacmtoxkhunkhngbnh.Dngthuchahc:DngccloithucludnnihpPhosphonas,khoanltimthucphavothncy.Cchtinhnh:DngPhosphonasphavinclc(ncsch)tl1/1.Dngmikhoan5,5mmkhoansulnhnutimbm(khong30-40mm).Ch:Khoanhisutomtkhongtrngtrongthncythucngbntrongdndnchuynthucilnphatrnthnthngquamchg,saucquanghpchuynquamchlibexungcnhvr.Khikhoanltimthuc,khngnnchnmhoamchnchtrnvchlitrnthn.Nnkhoanthng90o,cchmttt0,3-0,5mtrnthnchnh.

13

Tythucvochiucaovngknhtnxcnhliulngthuctim.C?1mngknhtncn20ccthucpha.Timthucvothigiantrikhro.Mtnmtim2ln(6thng/ln).Timvobuisngsm.Ch:ThucPhosphonassdngrthiuquchonhiuloicycbnhPhytophthorapalmivoranhsuring,xoi,b,mt...Phngphptimkhnggyhiivimitrng,conngivngvt.Hiuqutrbnhcao,gimchiphtrongsnxut.Tcdngthucttnhtivicytrn3nmtui.NgoiraphngtrbnhPhytophthorapalmivorangoiPhosphonasracncccloithucCopperhydroxide,Copersulfat,Mancozel,Rhidomin?MZ72WP...phunphngtr.-BnhVSD(bnhchtngcdotcmchdnH32):BnhnyxuthinngNam,ccnckhcchathyxuthin.Triuchngbnh:Lvng,cmxanhtrnl.Cunglmchdnhanu(chytheocunglkhichcunglthyxuthin).Svobiubtrncnhbbnhthynhm,snnhdacsu(lydaochcnhthymchdnhanu)Khirngnchcunglcnmmutrng.Nmphttnlc2-3gisng,8-9gitbonmscht.Nmchphttnvimt,nuxahnldogingbnhim.Trongqutrnhphttn,tbonmbmvolnon.mcaotbonmivotrongcunglviraphangoicacnh,qutrnhnydinbinkhlukhong3-4thng.NhvykhicybbnhVSDcnhlvnphttrin,khibnhimbnhthlbnngoivnphttrinbnhthng,cnlbntrongthbbnh.Bnhthngthyvocuimama.GingAmenadortmncmvibnhVSD.GingTrinitariotmncmhn.Binphpphngtr:Chngingkhngbnhhoctbnhimbnh.Cnchnonchnhxcbnh.Vnmcchxavnsnxut.Vsinhngrung,cttacnhbbnhsuvophatrong30cm,chnvicnhlbnh.-Bnhcongl(Thnth)donmColletotrichumgyra.Triuchng:Cnhiuvtentrnl(gnlvnxanh).Cungl,uquvtbnhnlmvotrong.(bnhPhytophthorathnmbnngoi).

14

Mnhcacaonghin%TiaV%TiaNc3.26.6Bnhthngxuthintrongmakh,nhtlvncacaothiuhockhngccychebng,vthiunc.Bnhconglthngbkhiqucnnh.Bnhconglkhnggythithilm,khicybbnhlrng,chimiphtsinhnubnhimlcngbrng.Binphpphngtr:Cnccychebnghpl,nuvncacaoqukhcntincbsung.Dngccloithuccgcngphngtr.NgoirahinnayngNamchaxuthinbnhtuamc(Witches'Broom)vbnhsngxm(Frostypodrot),ccbnhnychxuthinChuM.BnhsngcnhcacaoxuthinChuPhi.ylccloibnhnguyhimnmtrongdanhmckimdchthcvt.Khibnhnyphttrinsnhhngnmitrngvgimsnlngcacao.

III.TNHCHTVTLVHAHCCAHTCACAO,BCACAO,CACAOTNG(CC)VBTCACAO:Tnhchtvtlvhahccahtcacaovccsnphmtcacaortphctp.Chngthayitheotuithcahtvphthucvoqutrnhchbin.Sauylmtschsvsthayicahttheotuith,cngvingunthamkhochoccthngtinchitithnvltnhvhatnhcahtcacao.1.Htcacao:HtcacaolhtcacyTheobromacacao.Mihtbaogmhailmmvmtphinh,ttcnmtrongmtlpvbov.Lmmdtrthcnchoqutrnhsinhtrngcacyvstrthnhhailutincacykhihtnymm.Thcndtrbaogmcchtbo(bcacaochimmtnakhilngkhcaht).Chtlngtnhchtcabcacaonhnngchyvcngphthucvoloicacaoviukinmitrng.Qutrnhlnmenhtdnnnhiuthayihahcctrongthtquvtrongbnthnhtnhn.Sthayinytonnhngvvlmthayimusccahtnhn.Htnhnsaucsyvannhsnxutnhnguynliuthchbincacaotng(cc),btcacaovbcacao.Bcutincaqutrnhchbinlranghtlmthayimuscvhngv.ngthivcngbloib.Sau,qutrnhkimhacdinralmbinihngvvmusc.Diylmtktquphntchthnhphnhahccahtsaukhilnmenvsy:

15

Chtbo(bcacao,chtbov)575.9Tro4.220.7NitNittng2.53.2Theobromine1.30.9Caffeine0.70.3Tinhbt95.2Chtxdngth3.219.2Tuynhin,nnlurngsliutrnchctnhthamkhovchngsthayitytheoloiht,chtlngcaqutrnhlnmenvsycngcanhccqutrnhtiptheosau.2.Cacaotng:Cacaotng(cc)csnxutbngcchnghinmnhhtcacao.Chtlngcacacaolngsphthuclloiht.Nhsnxutthngtrnnhiuloihtkhcnhautcchtlngvmivyucu.Qutrnhrangvkimhalmtngmuscvhngvcnglmthayithnhphnhahccachng.3.Bcacao:Bcacaobaogmchtbocchatronghtcacaovthngthuctbtnho,htcacaocpnhitcao.Chtbocacaolsnphmcchtlngkmhnthuctloihtphmchtkmhoctccphliucacao(vcng,vla,bicacao...)bngphngphppnnhocchitxutkhichothmmtsdungmithchhp.Bcacaolmtchtbothngcdngrnnhitmitrng,svotthynhn,cmutrngvngnht,cmicacacaovvngondchu.Bcacaothngcngbnh,cdngtrongcngnghipsocolalmgiubtnhocacao,trongsnxutmtkosnxutramtsloiko,trongcngnghipnchoachitxuthngthmbngphngphpphngvsnxutmphmvtrongngnhdcsnxutmtsloithucm,thucdngn...Chtbohaybcacaocchitthtbngnhiucchkhcnhau.Bpnguynchtthuckhicacaotng(cc)bpthngng.Htcacaoloihai(khngtchun)cthcp(khngcnloibvtrc)bngmyplintc.Bpnguynchtkhngcnlmschnhngthngckhmi.Qutrnhchitlngcngcthcdngchitbtbnh(tqutrnhp);loibnycnc

16

m%3.0B11.0pH(10%suspension)5.7Tro%5.5Trohatantrongnc%2.2TrotantrongncctnhkimnhK2Otronghtcacaobanu%0.8Phosphate(asP2O5)%1.9GlyceridesPhntrm(%)Trisaturated2.5to3.0Triunsaturated(triolein)1.0DiunsaturatedStearo-diolein6n12Palmito-diolein7n8MonounsaturatedOleo-distearin18n22Oleo-palmitostearin52n57Oleo-dipalmitin4n6tinhch.Bcacaothuctqutrnhpmnhcacaocnhngctnhsau:ginvdgykhinhitthphn20C,nhitnngchyvokhong35C(bmmnhitkhong30-32C.Bcacacngchamtsglyceride.Diylktquthainghincuxcnhthnhphnphntrmcaglyceride:

4.Btcacao:Btcacaoclmtcacaotng(cc).Qutrnhploibmtschtbovtonnmtkhinguynliugilbnhcacao.Bnhnycnghinthnhbtcacao.Qutrnhnycthcthayisnxutbtcacaovithnhphnvhmlngchtbokhcnhau.Diylthngsthamkhovthnhphncutocabtcacao.Lurngccconsnythayitheoiukinrang,kimhavqutrnhpsdngtrongsnxut

17

Chloride(asNaCl)%0.04Tronkhngtantrong50%HCl0.08V%(tnhtheolnghtnhnkhngbkimha)1.4Nittng4.3Nit(hiuchnhtheoalkaloid)%3.4ProteinNit(hiuchnhtheoalkaloid)x6.25%21.2Theobromine%2.818

PHN2:

QUYTRNHCNGNGH

19

Squytrnhcngngh:

Htcacao

Lmsch

Rang

Nghin

Nuchy

Btnho

p

Bcacao

Khmi

nggi

Ncthi,v

Bnhp

Nghin

Btcacao

nggi

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I.Kthutthuhoch:CacaokLkmtnmcththuhaivthng11,12,thng3,4nmsau.Ngoiracththurircqutrivccthngkhc.Musccatrichn:Trichncmuvnghoccamtutheoging.Thngthnglccrnhquchuynsangmuvngkhichn.Cchthuhi:Dngkoctcnhchuyndnghocculimctcungtri,khngnnleotrocmtribhaygitxunglmtryxthochmhoa,gynhhngnnngsutvsau.Trihixongcthlulimttunlmtlnghtcho1ln,khihttchrakhitrithcnphingay(khngluqu24gi).Nhmtngchtlngsnphm.Tchhtbngcchpvtri(dngthanhghocpxungt).Dngtaymoihtrakhixcitri.Ch:Khngtricacaoquchnvhtcthnymmbntrongtrihocqucnxanhkhngthlnmenc.

II.Kthutschcacao:Qucacaothngthngcha20-40htcbaoquanhbilpvthtctsi.cchtcacaocgichtbntronglpvtht,ngaycccvcacaochincngkhngmragiiphnght.Kthutschcacaobaogm:tchhtcacaokhilpvthtvlpruttbaoquanhht(thngclmbngtay),lnmenvsykh.Htcacaosaukhilnmenvsykhgilhtcocoa.Vctrngcacacaohocchocolateclinquanmtthitviqutrnhlnmen,vsykhsaukhilnmen.Qutrnhsykhnhmloibmitrngthunlichonmmcphttrinlmbinvcacocoa.

III.Lnmencacao:Saukhiqucacaocthuhi,ngitatinhnhtchhtcacaoclnvilptbaoquanhhtvchovothnglnmen.Thihngiabcvvlnmenkhngkodiqu24h.Trongqutrnhlnmen,ccloivisinhvts:-Lmtngnhitcakhilnmen.-LmgimpHkhongt6.5xungcn4.5,trong:+)acidaceticcthtti2%.+)acidlactictngt0.010.22%Htcacaogimvng,chtvhnhthnhnhnghngvctrng.haylnmenlkhongthigianlyhtrakhitri,dnngccvisinhvtpht

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trin.Slnmenbtukhinmmenphttrintronglpcmbaoquanhht.Nmmenchuynhongtronglpcmhtthnhru.GiaiontiptheolvikhunxyhoruthnhaxtaceticvchuynhotiptcncuicnglH20vCO2.lpcmhtbturavchyncvongyth2saukhilnmen.Nhitkhihttngnhanhtrongqutrnhlnmen.Nhitkhitngln40-450Csaukhi48gi.otrnhtslmtngthngthonggipvikhunhokhlnmenhotngmnh.Vongyth2saukhi,nhitcaovaxtaceticlmccthtbcht.1.Cslnmencacao:ShatngcavisinhvtchimuthtrongqutrnhlnmenCaCaolhatnglnmenthyphnlpthtbaoquanhhttorang,ruvcuicnglslnmenethylictoacidacetic.Acidaceticthmquamngtbohtlmthayitnhthmcamngcchpchtphenolvenzymeddngthmrangai.NhnghpchtkhccngtptrungnhiutronghtdotcngcaenzymeniboctrongCaCao.Sphvcchpchtpectinbanucthchinnhenzymepectinesterase(PE)csntrongmngnhybaoquanhhtkthpvienzymepolygalacturonasecanmmenphnctpolymercapectintoraccngn:

(PE,PG)pectinglucose+galatose(chutrnhEMP)GlucoseacidpyruvicEthylic(lnmengim)Ethylicacidacetic

Tngtschuynhangsucrosebntronghtthnhglucosevfructosenhenzymeinvertase(EC:3.2.1.26).Cciphntproteindtrtronghtbproteasethyphnthnhacidamin,peptidProteasepeptidaseProteinpeptidacidaminInvertaseSaccharoseGlucose+FructoseEnzymePPOPolyphenolSctnu

CcpeptidnhnyvccacidaminstohngthmctrngchoCaCaokhichngkthpvingkhtrongqutrnhrangtosnphmlcarboxyldbayhivpyrazintphnngmaillard.Vaitrcaenzymecnthhingiaiancuicaqutrnhlnmenvgiaianucaqutrnhrang.Ccenzymepolyphenoloxydasesxctcphnngoxyhaccpolyphenolcsntronghtditcngcaoxygenthmquahttrongqutrnhlnmennhiungaytoramunu

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smctrngcaCaCao,SctnygnchtviproteinvpolysaccharidecahtnnmucaCaCaokhngthhatan:

Peptidnh+ngkhcarboxyl(dbayhi)+Pyrazin(hngthmcaCaCao)PolyphenolcaCaCaokhcvipolyphenolcatr.Phnttrlntocmgicchtkhitipxcvilicachngta.CnCacaokhngcvchtnhtrvthigianoxyhaccpolyphenolCaCaoxyrakhangt2-3ngynnsoxyhasxyrahantan,vvyvchtsbphngiiht.Skimhavogiaiancuinhmmcchgimtnhchtvtngtnhhatanmoatsphcchtprotein-polyphenol-oxydhagipcithinmucathcung.Hinphthinra17loienzymectothnhtrongqutrnhlnmen.2.Visinhvttrongqutrnhlnmen:Ccloinnmen(loitocn,hngthm).Vikhunlactic.Vikhunacetic.Ccloivikhunkhc*CcloinnmenCmthuhtcclpht,tynbmtht.2loicslnglnl:Kluyveromyces,Saccharomyces.Ccloinmnythamgiachuynhaccchttheophngtrnhsau:C12H22O11+H2O2C6H12O6+18.8KJC6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2+93.3KJ(glucozahayfructoza)Ngoihailoinmtrncncccloinmkhcnh:Candida,Hansenula*Vikhunlactic:Ckhnngchuynhangthnhccacidlacticvccacidhuckhc.Cccloinhsau:Betabacterium,Streptobacterium,Lactobacillus,Streptococus*VikhunaceticPhttrinsaunmmen.Chngchuynhaethanolthnhacidacetic.

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Trongcacaolnmencccloivikhunaceticnh:Acetobacterraneer,Acetobacterascendens,Acetobactersubboxydans,Acetobacterxylinoides,Acetobacterorleanenses.*Ccloivikhunvnmsikhc:Vikhun:B.Coagulans,Proteus,B.StearothermophilusCcloinmsi:Aspergillus,Rhizopus,Mucor,Penicilium3.Qutrnhlnmen:Phngphptruynthng(thngsdng):Nguynliucthnhkhihnhchpnntrongthnglnmen(thngcanbngsithcvthocbngg,clthotnc,cthchat80-85kg)vylchuihocvi.c6-12hthomtln,bngcchtthngnysangthngkhc.Qutrnhlnmenkodi2-7ngy,phthucvogingcacao,iukinmitrng,khilngcacaolnmen.Trongngythnhtlpsithtncvhalng,tchriccht.nngythbathnhitcakhihtt45oCvduytrtrongkhongnhit45-50oCnkhilnmenktthcGiaionlnmenchaktthckhicchtcacaocnrinhauvcpsmutm.Khngcrahtcacaolnmenvsnhhngxunmithm.Nnratrckhilnmen.Saukhilnmennntrihtcacaolnnnghocximngphi.Trnhnngquhocmtqu.Nucncthsynhit45-47oC.Htcacaokhsvvnutadngtaybp.Ccyutnggpvomuvvctrngchocacaotrongkhilnmen:(1)htnymmtronggiaionucalnmen.(2)khihtphicginhit50oCtrongvingysaukhinymm.(3)CO2xungquanhhtdohhpvlnmencncgiiphng,thchinbngcchoxi.4.Ccphngphphtcacao:-ng:Htcacaocthnhnghnhnntrnlplchuicxptrntrnmtt.Bndimtlplchuikcccnhcytothongvgipdchnhychyraddng.Cclchuisccunlnbaoknkhihtnhmgihinngtrongsutqutrnh.nghtctht25-2500kghtti.Haihocbangysaukhiphicotrnuvgiknbnglchuichonkhiquytrnhhontt.Tutheonhitkhngkh(tuma)mthigiankodi5n7ngy.-trongthng:Ltlchuixungquanhthngtre,yhtvythnglibnglchui.Haingysaukhitrnuhtbngcchtthngnysangthng

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khc.Kchthcthngtutheokhilnghtcthchat10-150kghtcacaoti.Thigiant5-7ngy.-thng:Cacaocchatrongthnggccly.Kchthcchiudivchiurngcathngcththayitytheolnghtnhngchiucaokhihtkhngnnvtqu50cm.otrnhtsauhaingy.Thigiant5-7ngy.-khay:Khaygckchthc1,2mx0,9mx0,13m.ltybngvttrechodthotnc.Cacaovokhaymtlp10cm.Chngcckhaylnvinhausaudngvi,baobtrmknliginhit.Khngotrnhtkhi.Thigiankodi3n4ngy(ngnhnccphngphpkhc).5.Kimtrahttrongqutrnh:Cacaocgillnmenykhichn90%lnghtclnmen.Cnkimtrathngxuyntrongqutrnhlnmenbngcchctihtquanstmusccatdip.Htlnmencmunu,chalnmenhonchnhthcmutm.

IV.Qutrnhsykh:Cthsybngcnhphinngtnhinhocsdngthitbsy.phngphpphinngtnhincpdngnhngncciukinkhhuphhp.lcnyhtctriutrnsnhockhay,ou,phikhong1tunvomanng.chtrnhnhimma.Trongtrnghpsdnglsy,chkhngkhiltvo.Nhittrongsutqutrnhsykhngcvtqu65oC.Saukhihtkh,cnbcctpcht,htmc,lp,v.chovobaotinikhro,sch,khtrngtt.cthkhtrngbngoxytethylene1kg/250m3/24hhocboromuamethyl5kg/250m3/24h.Htsaukhilnmenphilmkhbngphihaysymt60%trxungcnkhong6,5%.Phisyphicnthntrnhnhngmilphttrin.Phisyphitinhnhtt.Nulmhtkhqunhanhthmtsqutrnhchuynhohohcskhngchonthnh,htschuacvng.Tuynhinnuphisyqulunmmcvccmilsphttrin.Cccchlmkhht:-Phinng:Trihttrnchiu,khayhocsnximngnicnhsngtt.Trongqutrnhphiphiotrnhtthngxuynmbohtkhngu.Nunhsngy,tmathcn4ngyn7ngyhtkh.-Sy:Nukhngcnng,htsaukhilnmenphisy.Htsysbgimchtlngnubnhimkhittomilhochtkhqunhanh.Ccmysysdngchocacaophidngnhitgintipthngquathitbtraoinhit.Htcacaosaukhicphisykhcncnguisaudnvobaoayvcttrnikhro,thongmt.Khngnntrctipxungnnnhmcnkcao20-25cm,cnkim

25

trathngxuyncthphisylitrnhhhngkhiboqun.Thitbsycthsdngsycacaonhmysythp,mysythngquayhocmysytngsi.Trckhichbinhtcacao,khihtphiclmschtpcht.Htcacaoscrangtrchocsaukhitchvcngbaoquanhnhnhtcaocao.Saukhihtcrangvtchv,nhnhtcnghinthnhbtnho.Btnhoscnghinckchthcnhsauatimyptchbcacao.Bcacaocdngtrongsnxutchocolate,phitrnviliquorvng.

V.Tinxl:1.Lmsch:Htcacaocmtlotccthitbtcnglnmbochtlngsch,khnglntpcht:Mythikh:csdngtchccphnckhilngnhnhx,bi,vNamchmin:csdnghtkimloivbikimloi.tcngcanamchmtthn,thngthngthitbnycthitkcnhhthngsngry.2.Ranght:Mcch:Tchvhtrakhinhncacao.Loibtchuacaacidacetictronghtcacao.Gimmxungcn2.5-5%.Hnhthnhccchtthmchocacao.Qutrnhnythngsdngccthitbhnhtrnghochnhng.saunyngitadunghthngranglintc,trongdngchycahtvdngkhngkhnnggiilnlngcchiunhau.Htcsyk100-105oCtrong20-40pht.Saukhirangxongphiqutchohtnguinhanhnhmgihngthmchohtvkhngchochtbochuynrav.3.Nghin:Qua2giaion:a)Nghinln1:nghinth.Saukhiranghtcchuynsangmynghn.lcnyhtvrathnhccmnhln.vbqutthii.Nngsutt80%sovihtcharang.Timtsnisnxutngitathngtrnnhiuhttheoccngunkhcnhautrckhinghin,nhmtomthngvctrngringchocacao.Hnhpnybaogmnhngg,thyvnlbquytringcaccnhsnxut.b)Nghinln2:nghinmn.

26

Htcacaocnghinnh50-70oC.tinhitnybtanrakhinkhicacaothnhbtnho.Saukhinghinxong,cacaocaquakimha(thngdngK2CO3)tngmuvmichocacao.Cacaosaukhinghindngbtnhohoclng.tacthchitbtbtcacao.4.Nuchy:Btcacaosaukhinghinclmlngbngcchunnhit35-36oC.NgoirabtcacaocncthtrnvidungdchmuikimbohanhcacbonathocbicacbonatKhayNa(muiphicxltrc24hnhit100oC).Btlngnyscxltipsnxutbcacao,btcacaovchocolate.

VI.Snxutbcacao:Bcacaocthsnxutbngnhiuphngphpkhcnhau:ptbtcacaohoctbtnho.Chitbngdungmithtcacaohoctbtnho,khducacao,cacaobt.phocchitthtcacaochaxayvchalymm.Sauytasthamkhophngphppbcacaotbtnho:1.p:Btcacaocpbngmythylcvipsutckhilnn600kg/m3.blngchyractrunghavtinhlc.Saubcgimtthigian30-34oC(gnimtancab)vimcchlmdub.Lcnycctinhthbsninh,ckchthcun.Btiptccavokhunvngui.nhitthng,bcacaolchtrnccutotinhthnh,muvngnht,hngchocolatecbit,imtanl31-35oC.2.Khmi:Bcacaocpraemhatanrilng,lcvsaulkhmi.Qutrnhkhmilqutrnhdunghiqunhitdichnkhngchngctccchtdbayhi.Qutrnhnykodi30phtn3gitytheomcyucunhit105oC.saukhirakhihthngchnkhng,bcacaocnhhnh,lmlnhxung20oCngcng,baogivboqun.

27

VII.Snxutbtcacao:Btcacaocsnxuttbtnhosaukhipb,lcnyngoibtacnnhncbnhp.Thngthnglngbcacaocntrongbnhptnhtl18%.Viccloibtcacaosnxuttbnhpgiub(20-25%)ththngcdnglmncgiikht,btsacacao.Cnccloibtkitb(cha10-13%b)thngcsdnglmbnh,ko,kemvccsnphmkhc.Trongmtstrnghpphibsungthmduthcvttnghmlngbocasnphm.Vibtnhocxlvidungdchmuikimbohatathucbtcacaodnghatan.Bnhpthucsquacckhunghnvtnkhdu.lcnytasnhncbtcacao.Btcacaoceminggiriemboqun.

28

PHN3:

LICHCACACAO

29

Cacao-MnncasckheChtphenolictrongcacaoctcdngngnngavhnchccnguycrirocthxynvihtimmch.CacaocnctcdnghnchnguyctnghmlngLDL-cholesterol,chodchncbbunglng.Chtcatechintrongchocolatecngctcdngchngliccchtoxyha-nguynnhngyxcngmchmu,mmucngnhccrirokhcchotim,chohmchkcmchno...Thnhphnhahccacacao:Trongbtcacaocchakhongtrn300loihachtkhcnhau.Chonnayvictmhiutcdngcacchachtnyivicthconngivngvt,mcbitltcdngtrnnob,thnkinh,timmch...vncnlbitonkhgii.Tuynhin,khoahcdnhltngphncabcmnbmtmangtncacaoy.Ngitathyrtrtrongcacaocchamtlngcafein,chtbo,ng,flavonoid,cckhongcht...vmthmlngngkchttheobromin-chtctcdngchnghottgp1,3lnsovicodeinmlikhnggytcdngphchohtimmchvthnkinhtrungngcngnhkhnggynghinnhcodein.Hnna,ncnchatryptophan,phenylethylamincncgilchocolateamphetamin-chtctcdngkchthchtrungtmkhoicmcaconngi.Nm1993,ccnhkhoahcthucTrngihcPennsylvania(M),khngnhrng,nutrongmtbannhclnghydratcacboncaomcnthmchng40gbtcacao,bnskhngcnphibnkhonvnguyctngcholesteroltrongmuna.Sdnhvylvvi40gcacaoy,chchmlngHDL-cholesterol(cholesterolcli)tngcnhmlngLDL-cholesterol(cholesterolchi)trongmulikhnghnhcnhch.Nm1996,mtnhmccnhkhoahckhcaraktlunrng,trongbtcacaocmtlnglncchnhpphenolic-nhmccchtchottnhchngoxyhartmnh.Hlmmtsosnhvthyktqunhsau:lngphenolicctrong45gbtcacaotngngvi140gruvang.Mtkhc,hmlngchtchngoxyhakhclcatechintrong100gbtcacaocaogphn4lntrong100mlncchitlchxanh!1.Tcdnglnsckheconngi:Ngaytkhicbitnnhmtththcphmquhim,cacaocnhgilctcdngttchosckheconngi.Bith,thigianuphthinra,cacaochcdngtronggiiqutc,vuachatrongtriunhTyBanNha,Php,ThyS.Tuykhiy,ngitachabitcctcdngcthnhthno,tcngncquannocacth,nhnghthykhiungvocthconngitacccmgicsngkhoi,minhmn,sungmnvtngcngsinhlc.Cngvsauny,nhiucngtrnhnghincukhoahccngvivicphthinthmnhnghotchtctrongthnhphncacao,ngitathyththcphmnycnhngtcdngtrntngbphncthtrongcthconngi.

30

2.Tcdngtrntimmch:yllichutinmccnhkhoahcquantmnghincun.Gios,TinsNormanHollenberg,ihcYKhoaHarvardnghincutrndinrngvchoraktquchtphenolicctrongbtcacaothinnhinctcdngngnngavhnchccnguycrirocthxynvihtimmch.Ccnhkhoahctinrngnhcthnhphnny,ccmngbmthnhmchtcchihnhthnhvnglithnhmchmu.Hnna,btcacaocnctcdnghnchnguyctnghmlngLDL-cholesterol,chodchncbbunglng.Mtkhc,chtcatechintrongbtcacaocngctcdngchngliccchtoxyha-nguynnhngyxcngmchmu,mmucngnhccrirokhcchotim,chohmchkcmchno.3.Tcdngchngungth:cnhiunghincuchratcdngngaungthcachxanh,tngtnhvy,nghincumiycaTrngHCalifornia,SanFrancisco,USAcngchoktqukhnngngaungthcabtcacaolrtrrng.Sdnhvylvtrongthnhphncacacaocchanhiuchtchngoxyha,chtkhongvvitamin.4.Tcdngtrnno:Thctchothy,sdngcacaokhinconngitahngphn,sngkhoi.Nguynnhnldothcphmnycchacafeinnnctcdnggngingnhkhitaungch,cph.TrngihcYkhoaHallYork(Anh)khngnhthngxuynsdngcacaosgipgimhichngmtmimntnh(CFD),chtpolyphenolstrongcacaoctcdngcithinnngserotonintrongno,chtserotonincnngkhngnnhsdnnhichngmtmimntnhvtrmcm.Serotonin,endorphinecntocmgicthoimi,hngphn.5.Tcdngnhotngtnhdc:TheoBcsDoraAkaunyili,GimcCQuanQunlThcphmDcphmLinBangNigeriakhngnhnhngngi,cbitlphnsdngcacaothinnhinunsgiptngcngkhoicm,khnngthamntnhdchnhn,trongcacaocchachttryptophangiptngthmcmgicthchth,hpdn,ngthikchthchtrungtmkhoicmvngvno.6.Tcdngkhc:Ngoiccngdngykhoa,cacaothinnhinlthcungltngchonginking,gimbo,nhngvnduytrydngchtcnthitchocth.Cacaocndngtrongmphm,ccchuyngiachmscscptiChennai(n)phtminhcchphachcacao,chmscdachophin,ngnngabnhlohoda.VictmCacaotluluncachung.7.Tcdngtrongngnhdc:Vicchittchthnhcngbcacaothtcycacaocnhhngrtlntrongngnhbochdcphm.Bcacaotlutrthnhmtloitdccnhgilcgitrvcdngphbintrongcngnghboch.Mcdsauny,khi

31

cngnghphttrin,cnhiuloitdcngungchachtcsdngnhiuhnvhnchcccnhcimcabcacaonhngccnhdchcvnkhngquncnglaocaloitdccinny.Ngoibcacao,cacaocncdngnhiulmchtphgia,tomu,tomivhpdn,dungchoccloidcphm,cbitlccdngthucdngchotrem.

32

TILIUTHAMKHO

1)GiotrnhCngnghlnmenTrngCaongCngNghip4(Luhnhnib),2004.

Cctrangwebsdng:www.vinacacao.comwww.food-info.netcongnghehoahoc.orgwww.compchem.hcmuns.edu.vnwww.hoinongdan.org.vnwww.sinhhocvietnam.com

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