M U

Vo thi k trc cng nguyn, khi con ngi cn sng trong cc hang, hc , h bit trang tr ni ca mnh bng cc vt dng trn c s cht kt dnh l lng trng trng, sp ong, nha cy trn vi bt mu thin nhin. Sau vi ngn nm, ngi Trung Hoa pht hin v s dng m cy sn lm sn ph v keo.

Trc y, sn c sn xut t cc loi du tho mc, cc loi nha thin nhin, cc loi bt Cho n th k 20 th ngnh cng nghip sn mi thc s pht trin mnh, nht l cc nc c ngnh cng nghip ha cht pht trin. Song song vi s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip ha cht, cc loi nha tng hp xut hin v ng gp rt nhiu vo ngun nguyn liu ca ngnh cng nghip sn xut sn. Nhng loi nha ny c nhng tnh cht vt tri hn hn so vi cc loi nha thin nhin, do ngy cng chim lnh c th trng.

Tuy nhin, khng ch i hi ngun nguyn liu t cht lng m cn qu trnh sn xut phi m bo cho sn phm c c mn tt nht. Chnh v vy m qu trnh nghin trong sn xut sn ng vai tr rt quan trng, n gp phn lm cho cc ht bt mu, bt n phn tn u trong sn, ng thi nghin vt liu ti mn theo yu cu.

Vi nhng nhn nh trn v nhn c s phn cng cng nh s hng dn tn tnh ca Th.S. Hunh Th Vit H, nhm n lp HHC3 quyt nh thc hin n tt nghip Nghin cu, tnh ton, thit k my nghin bi dng trong cng nghip sn xut sn vi mong mun gip cc bn hiu thm phn no v cc thit b dng trong sn xut sn cng nghip sau ny cc bn khng b b ng khi bc ra thc tin.

Trong qu trnh thc hin tt nhin khng th thiu nhng sai st, nhm rt mong nhn c s h tr cng nh nhng kin ng gp chn tnh t pha thy c v cc bn

Tp th nhm n

Lp HHC3

MC LC7Chng 1: S LC V QU TRNH NGHIN

71.1.Qu trnh nghin.

71.1.1.Khi nm

71.1.2.Cc phng php tc dng lc

71.1.3.Cc yu cu c bn i vi qu trnh nghin

81.2.c trng ca sn phm nghin

81.3.C s l thuyt qu trnh nghin

91.3.1. nghin

101.3.2.Nng lng tiu tn trong qu trnh nghin

101.3.3.Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh nghin

11Chng 2: TNG QUAN V SN V QUY TRNH SN XUT SN

112.1.Gii thiu v sn

112.2.Nguyn liu dng trong sn xut sn

112.2.1.Cht to mng

122.2.2.Dung mi

142.2.3.Bt mu

152.2.4.Cht n v ph gia

162.3.Quy trnh sn xut sn

162.3.1.Cn ong nguyn liu

172.3.2.nh paste

172.3.3.

172.3.4.Nghin

182.3.5.Lc v pha long

182.4.Cc yu cu ca sn

182.4.1.Nhit

182.4.2. nht

192.4.3. mn (kch thc ht)

21Chng 3: MY NGHIN DNG TRONG QU TRNH SN XUT SN

213.1.Cc loi my nghin dng trong cng nghip sn xut sn

213.1.1.Cu to chung

233.1.2.Nguyn tc hot ng

233.2.Cu to chi tit tng b phn

233.2.1.Trc nghin

243.2.2. trc

263.2.3.V

273.2.4.Vt nghin

283.2.5.H thng truyn ng

293.2.6.H thng nc gii nhit, lm mt

303.3.Mt s lu khi s dng

303.3.1.Trc khi nghin

313.3.2.Trong qu trnh nghin

313.3.3.Cc bin php an ton trong qu trnh nghin

32Chng 4: LA CHN, TNH TON THIT K MY NGHIN BI

324.1.S cu to, hnh nh thit b.

354.2.Nguyn tc hot ng

354.3.La chn, tnh ton cc chi tit cu to my nghin bi:

354.3.1.Thn thit b

394.3.2. ln.

424.3.3.Trc

444.3.4.ng c truyn ng

454.3.5.Bm nhp liu

454.3.6.ng dn liu va van.

47Chng 5: NGUYN NHN V CC BIN PHP KHC PHC

475.1.Bng thng s k thut ca my

475.2.Hng dn s dng my

485.3.S c v cch khc phc

505.4.An ton khi s dng my

DANH MC CC BNG

Trang 12Bng 1. c tnh k thut ca nha Epoxy

13Bng 2. Thng s ha tan ca mt s loi dung mi thng dng

14Bng 3. Tc bay hi ca mt s loi dung mi

23Bng 4: c im, vai tr ca cc b phn my nghin

49Bng 5: S c ca thit b trong qu trnh lm vic.

50Bng 6: S c v cch khc phc trong qu trnh nghin.

DANH MC CC HNH

Trang7Hnh 1: Cc phng php tc dng lc

24Hnh 2: Cu to ca trc

25Hnh 3: Cu to trc

26Hnh 4: Mt s loi trc ph bin

27Hnh 5: Vt nghin

28Hnh 6: Mt s dng bi nghin

32Hnh 7: S cu to thit b

33Hnh 8: Hnh nh thit b

34Hnh 9: Cu to chi tit thit b.

39Hnh 10: Cu to bi nghin

42Hnh 11: Hnh nh v trc

44Hnh 12: ng c truyn ng

45Hnh 13: Bm bnh rng

46Hnh 14: Cc loi van

47Hnh 15: Bng iu khin my

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V QU TRNH NGHIN1.1. Qu trnh nghin.

1.1.1. Khi nm

Nghin l qu trnh ph hu vt th rn bng cc lc c hc thnh cc phn t, ngha l bng cch t vo vt th rn cc ngoi lc m cc lc ny ln hn cc lc phn t ca vt th rn . Kt qu ca qu trnh nghin l to nn nhiu phn t cng nh nghin b mt mi.

L cng on chnh trong qu trnh sn xut vt liu nh: sn, xi mng, gm s,... Qu trnh ny lm gim kch thc ca vt liu rn di tc dng ca ngoi lc ph v lin kt gia cc phn t.1.1.2. Cc phng php tc dng lc

Hnh 1: Cc phng php tc dng lc

Khi thit b lm vic, c th kt hp vi nhiu phng php. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh nghin, lc tc dng ch yu l lc mi xit v va p.

1.1.3. Cc yu cu c bn i vi qu trnh nghin

Nng lng tiu tn nh nht, ph thuc vo:

Lc lin kt gia cc phn t vt liu. Hnh dng ca vt liu. Kch thc ht.

Nng sut ln. Sn phm thu c phi tng i ng u v kch thc.

Kh nng iu chnh mc nghin d dng.

D vn hnh v sa cha.1.2. c trng ca sn phm nghin

Mc ch ca qu trnh nghin l to ra nhng ht vt liu nh t ht vt liu ban u to hn. Qu trnh cn nhng ht vt liu nh v chng c din tch b mt ring ln hoc cn hnh dng, kch thc v s lng ht. Hiu sut s dng nng lng ca qu trnh c xc nh bng din tch b mt mi to nn sau qu trnh p nghin. V vy cc c trng hnh hc ca ht, n chic v hn hp, l yu t quan trng nh gi sn phm t my nghin. Mt my nghin khng cho sn phm ng nht d nhp liu c ng nht hay khng. Sn phm lun lun l mt hn hp c cc kch thc nm trong mt khong xc nh.

Ht nh nht ca sn phm nghin c th so snh vi kch thc ca mt tinh th, l n v nh nht ca vt liu c th tn ti di dng mt tinh th c lp. Kch thc ny l khong 10-3m. Do s bin i kch thc trong mt khong rng nn thng dng kha nim ng knh trung bnh biu din kch thc ht trong mt hn hp.

1.3. C s l thuyt qu trnh nghin

Mt vt th c nghin v tc l chu tc ng ca ngoi lc c tr s vt cc ng sc bn ca vt th (ng sut nn). Khi , vt th s chu nhng bin dng, hoc b ph v t ngt, hoc chu nhng bin dng n hi, bin dng do v cui cng b ph v. Khi vt th chu mt lc va p t do ph v, th lc s gy ra nhng sng chn ng truyn trong vt th theo chiu lc p. Ch khi lc p ln cc sng chn ng truyn ht chiu di (kch thc) vt th th vt th mi c kh nng b ph v.

Trong qu trnh b ph v, vt th nu cha v cng chu nhng bin dng n hi, ngha l tn phn nng lng nghin c nhng bin dng . Khi vt th v ra s to thnh nhng din tch mi nhng ch nt v, lc l lc tiu th nng lng ph v, to ra nhng din tch mi. Tuy nhin, i khi vt th chu ngoi lc tc ng, cha v hn nhng c nhng vt nt ngm vi nhng khe, nhng din tch mi no bn trong. Cng c th nhng vt nt ngm khp lin li do lc ht phn t ca vt th. Nh vy qu trnh nghin s b tn mt phn nng lng v ch .

1.3.1. nghin

nghin cn c gi l t s nghin, l t s gia kch thc ca kch thc ca ht em nghin vi ht sn phm. Cc kch thc tuyt i, ht ca cc phn t c c khi nghin. Ngi ta thng s dng t s nghin nh gi cht lng sn phm v nh gi nng lng.

Vy theo ch tiu ny, n phn nh chiu su qu trnh phn tn. Trong trng hp chung, dung tch nng lng ca qu trnh cng ngh nghin ph thuc vo s gia tng din tch ring b mt S ca vt liu. Ngha l:

S = Sc-Sd

Trong :

Sc din tch ring b mt ca cc phn t vt liu kt thc qu trnh nghin;

Sd din tch ring b mt ca cc phn t vt liu bt u qu trnh nghin.

Cng vi s gim kch thc ca cc phn t din tch ring b mt tng ln v vy mc nghin S l t s din tch ring b mt c cc phn t vt liu cui qu trnh nghin v din tch ring b mt ca cc phn t ban u.

Theo l thuyt mc nghin ca vt liu thng c nh gi qua t s gia kch thc trung bnh D ca vt liu trc khi nghin v kch thc trung bnh ca phn t sn phm nghin:

Mc nghin l c tnh c bn nh gi qu trnh nghin

Khi nghin nguyn liu bng my nghin kiu ba thng thng th nh ca bt nghin c iu chnh bng sng t trong bung nghin.1.3.2. Nng lng tiu tn trong qu trnh nghin

Trong qu trnh nghin vt liu ban u b xon v c ng sut. Cng cn thit to nn ng sut cho vt liu c cha tm thi trong vt liu di dng c nng ca ng sut. Khi tc ng thm lc vo cc ht vt liu chu ng sut, chng s chu lc xon vt qu gii hn bn v v ra thnh nhiu ht nh v to nn cc b mt mi. V mi n v din tch b mt ca cht rn c nng lng b mt nht nh nn vic to nn b mt mi cn phi c nng lng, nng lng ny c cung cp do s phng thch nng lng ca ng sut khi ht v ra. Do bo ton nng lng nn phn nng long tha khi to thnh nng lng b mt mi s bin thnh nhit. 1.3.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh nghin

C nhiu yu t c bn nh hng n qu trnh nghin xut pht t tnh cht ca vt liu nghin v my nghin.

Tnh cht ca vt liu nghin: bn, cng, nht, ng u, trng thi v hnh dng b mt, m, kch thc, hnh dng v v tr tng h ca cc phn t nghin, h s ma st gia cc phn tl nhng yu t ca vt liu c nh hng rt ln n qu trnh nghin.

Tnh cht ca my nghin: Hnh dng v trng thi ca b mt, vn tc v tnh cht chuyn ng khi lng ca b phn lm vic (t s gia khi lng ca bi nghin vi khi lng ca vt uc nghin), h s ma st ca b mt nghin vi vt c nghinl nhng yu t cu trc my c nh hng n qu trnh nghin nh vt liu.Chng 2: TNG QUAN V SN V QUY TRNH SN XUT SN

2.1. Gii thiu v sn

Sn l mt hn hp ng nht, trong cht to mng lin kt vi cc cht mu to mng lin tc bm trn b mt vt cht. Hn hp c iu chnh vi mt lng ph gia v dung mi ty theo tnh cht ca mi loi sn phm.

Trong thc t hin nay c rt nhiu cch phn loi sn:

Phn loi theo cht to mng: tn sn thng c ly bng tn ca cht to mng.

V d: sn alkyd , sn epoxy .

Phn loi theo phm vi s dng: cch phn loi ny rng ln hn rt nhiu ty theo mc ch s dng m ngi ta gi tn sn.

V d: sn chng r , sn tng, sn cng nghip, sn chng h .

Phn loi theo bn cht dung mi

2.2. Nguyn liu dng trong sn xut sn

2.2.1. Cht to mng

Cht to mng l cc polyme c bm dnh tt, c kh nng cha cc loi bt nh bt mu, bt n tt, c cc tnh cht nh thi gian kh, cng, bng tt,...Cht to mng c vai tr quan trng nht trong sn, quyt nh hu ht cc tnh cht ca mng sn. Cc polyme c s dng lm cht to mng nhiu nht trong sn nh l: nha alkyd, nha epoxy, nha vinyl, nha acrylate, nha PU,....

Cc tnh cht quan trng ca cht to mng c quan tm trong cng nghip sn l: nht, t trng, kh nng ha tan trong dung mi, kh nng phn ng ha hc ( vi sn kh ha hc),...

Cht to mng m nhm s dng l nha epoxy v nhng tnh cht sau:

Nha epoxy tan tt trong cc dung mi hu c nh xeton, axetat, dioxin Nha epoxy khng tan trong cc dung mi mch thng.

Nha epoxy c th phi trn tt vi cc loi nha khc nh: phenolformadehyt, nitrocellulose, polyester, polysulfit,

Nha epoxy c th chuyn sang mng li khng gian ba chiu khi s dng cc cht ng rn nng nh: anhydrite phtalic, anhydrite maleichay cc cht ng rn ngui nh l polyamine mch thng, polyamit,

Nha epoxy sau khi ng rn c 1 lot cc tnh cht qu bu nh: bm dnh tt vi cc loi vt liu khc nhau, bn ha hc, c bit vi kim, bn c hc cao, cch in tt, t co ngt v bn nhit ti 160 2600C.

c tnh k thutNha epoxy khng

c nNha epoxy n si thy tinh

Nhit xy ra bin dng nhit ( 1.82 Mpa) (0C)140150

bn cc i vi ngun nhit lin tc (0C)120135

H s dn n tuyn tnh cm/cm/0C x 10-52.52.0

bn ko (Mpa)5283

dn di (%)5.04.0

bn un do (Mpa)124103

bn nn (Mpa)70100

bn va p (J/m2)1125

Khi lng ring1.01.8

Bng 1. c tnh k thut ca nha Epoxy2.2.2. Dung mi

L nhng cht lng d bay hi, dng ha tan cht to mng v thay i nht ca sn. Mt dung mi tt phi p ng c yu cu sau:

To c mt dung dch c nht thch hp cho vic bo qun v s dng

C vn tc bay hi theo yu cu v to nn mt mng sn c tnh cht ti u

C mi chp nhn c, c c ti thiu v gi c phi chng.

Dung mi c hai c tnh quan trng l kh nng ha tan, th hin sc ha tan ca dung mi vi mt loi nha no v tc bay hi tng i m n thot khi mng sau khi sn (kh nng lm kh)

Dung miLin kt hidro

p m s

Hidrocacbon thng:

White spirit

Hidrocacbon thm:

toluen

xylen

Ester

Etyl acetat

Butyl acetat

Ceton

Aceton

Metylizobutyl ceton

Glycol ete

Etylenglycol monoetyl ete

Ru

Etyl ancol

Butyl ancol7.5

8.9

8.89.1

8.5

10.0

8.5

9.612.7

14.4

Bng 2. Thng s ha tan ca mt s loi dung mi thng dngDung miTc bay hi theo th tch (tc bay hi ca butyl acetate l 100)

Acetone

Etyl acetate

Ru etylic

Toluene

Metylizobutylcetone

Butyl acetate

Cylen

Ru butylic

Etylenglycol monoetyl ete

White spirit994

480

253

214

164

100

73

36

30

18

Bng 3. Tc bay hi ca mt s loi dung mi

Mt s loi dung mi s dng trong cng ngh sn xut sn epoxy:

White spirit: thnh phn khng c nh, trong sn thng dng loi thng v c cha khong 15 18% hidrocacbon thm, tc bay hi chm v mi khng kh chu lm, c dng rng ri lm dung mi cho cc loi sn trang tr v bo v.

Cylen C4H6(CH3)2 c dng rng ri trong cng nghip sn v sc ha tan tt, tc bay hi va phi, chy tt, c th ng dng phng php sn phun. Cylen thch hp i vi mng sn ng rn nng v phn ln dung mi bay hi trc khi a mng sn vo l sy.

2.2.3. Bt mu

Bt mu c 2 loi c s dng trong cng nghip sn l: bt mu v c v bt mu hu c.

Bt mu v c c s dng rt nhiu trong sn do gi thnh thp, bn c, bn nhit cao. Bt mu v c l cc hp cht v c c mu. VD: mu ca sn chng r thng s dng l bt oxit Fe, mu vng l cc hp cht ca Cr, mu ghi l mu ca oxit Zn, mu en l mu ca C,...Nhc im ln nht ca bt mu v c l ln mu, ph km, mu xn,... V vy, phi dng nhiu lng bt mu.

Bt mu hu c l cc cht hu c c mu. u im ca bt mu hu c l mu sc ti, sng, cng ln mu cao, ph tt. V vy, ch s dng 1 lng nh bt mu cng mu cho sn v bt mu hu c ch yu s dng cho sn ph. Tuy nhin, gi thnh bt mu hu c t, bn nhit km, d phn hy khi nhit cao, dn n hin tng loang mu sn, hay cn gi l hin tng "sn bay".

Cc loi bt mu trong cng nghip sn ch cho cc mu c bn nh: trng, en, , vng, xanh lam,...Mun c cc mu sc theo yu cu phi tin hnh trn cc mu c bn vi nhau theo nguyn tc phi mu.2.2.4. Cht n v ph gia

2.2.4.1. Bt n

Bt n c thm vo trong sn vi mc ch lm gim gi thnh ca sn. Ngy nay, do pht hin mt s tnh cht tt nh ci thin tnh c l ca mng sn nn n c gi l bt ph tr.

Cc loi bt thng dng trong cng nghip sn l bt , bt nng, bt nh,(cc loi ny u l CaCO3 nhng do khc bit v tnh cht ni khai thc m c t trng v mt s tnh cht khc nhau)

2.2.4.2. Ph gia

Ph gia l cc hp cht c thnh phn rt nh trong sn nhng ng vai tr ci thin ng k cc tnh cht ca mng sn. Cc loi ph gia c s dng nhiu nht trong sn l: cht lm kh, cht chng lng, chng chy, cht to nht gi,

Ph gia chng lng a phn l cc bentonit c tc dng to 1 lp mng li trong mng sn, t gip nng cc ht bt mu v bt ph tr c t trng cao.

Ph gia chng chy, to nht gi l cc ph gia m khi thm vo s phn ng vi cht to mng, to mng khng gian cht hp hn, lm tng nht ca sn, tng bm dnh v c tc dng chng chy khi sn lp dy.

2.3. Quy trnh sn xut sn

mn

nht2.3.1. Cn ong nguyn liu

Nguyn liu c ly v s c ly mu kim tra cht lng ph hp vi cc tiu chun hin hnh (v mn, mu sc, kh nng bay hi, c,)

Cc nguyn liu c cn ong theo mt n pha ch c sn cho tng loi sn. Cn ong nguyn liu l mt khu rt quan trng, n nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm.2.3.2. nh paste

nh paste l qu trnh phn tn s b cc khi mu hoc tm mu c kch thc ln gip cho dung mi v nha thm t cc ht mu. y l cng on quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut, n quyt nh hiu sut nghin, s chnh xc v mu sc, nh hng ln n cht lng sn phm. Do khi np liu phi ch th t cc loi vt t ghi trong phiu, loi no ghi trc cho vo trc, cho mt lng va phi my khuy trn d dng, u ht mi cho tip, cho v ng s lng cc loi vt t, cc bc thi gian ghi trn phiu.

Tc ca cnh khuy c nng ln t t, sau khi cho ht nguyn liu th nng tc ln khong 1100 1200 vng/pht, nhit thng khuy t 50 600C, nhit ca nc lm mt bn ngoi thng khong 70C, thit b lm vic lin tc trong thi gian t 2 3 gi. Dung dch sau nh paste cho chy qua vi vo th v em , dng my v dng dung mi ra my v ming th.

2.3.3.

Cng on tip theo ca qu trnh nh Paste l ngm : mc ch l paste c thi gian cho qu trnh thm t ht mu, gip cho qu trnh nghin xy ra d dng hn.

Thi gian ngm khng t hn 20 gi mi m bo cho qu trnh thm t c trit .

Khi ngm phi ni kh ro, che y kn trnh s hp th nc, bi vo paste mu.

2.3.4. Nghin

Nghin l qu trnh phn tn ht mu n mn qui nh. Dung dch sau khi c cho vo my nghin di tc dng ca lc ma st cc vin bi thy tinh c xt lm v cc ti bt mu, lc ny cc ht bt mu mt ln na c phn tn u trong dung dch cht mang nh b phn nghin.

Trong qu trnh nghin thng xuyn kim tra nhit v mn ca sn xem t yu cu cha bng thc o mn. Nu mn cha t yu cu th nghin dung dch li cho n khi t mn th dng.

2.3.5. Lc v pha long

Sn sau khi c kim tra ch tiu s c lc qua li lc v mang i pha long theo nhng ch tiu c xc lp. Trong qu trnh pha long cn ch :

a lng dung mi, cht to mng.

B sung cc loi ph gia.

iu chnh nht n nht qui nh.

2.4. Cc yu cu ca sn

2.4.1. Nhit

Phi m bo nhit ca sn trong qu trnh nghin khng vt qu ngng 500C. Nhit khng nn thp hn hay cao hn v rt d lm gel ha paste nghin.

trnh hin tng gel ha, gia hai lp v ca bu nghin c cha nc lm mt. Phi s dng nc lm mt ny v trong qu trnh nghin xy ra s ma st gia bi v thit b song song vi s ma st gia bi v vt liu sinh ra nhit rt ln.

2.4.2. nht

Hn hp phi c iu chnh nht ri mi a vo my nghin. Vic iu chnh nht nhm to iu kin lm vic ti u cho my nghin. Nu hn hp c nht qu cao, khi nghin s c ma st ln lm tng nhanh nhit gy kh khn cho vic m bo nhit u ra ca hn hp. Nu nht thp, cc lp vt cht d trt qua b mt nghin, lm nng sut nghin thp. nht yu cu vo khong 70 120 giy nhit mi trng l thch hp nht.

nht ca sn thnh phm qu cao hay qu thp u nh hng vic gia cng v tnh thm m ca mng sn, khi nht cao th s kh gia cng , cn khi nht thp th mng sn mng, che ph km.

2.4.3. mn (kch thc ht)

Trong qu trnh ch bin sn, kch thc ht v ng u ca cc ht nha, bt mu, bt n c tm quan trng trong vic xc nh tnh cht mng sn. Cc ht ny phi c nghin mn v phn tn u trong mi trng sn.

Thng thng, mng sn bng phi c gia cng t bt mu c ng knh ht ln nht l 5m (tiu chun quc t), 20 40 m (tiu chun vit Nam). i vi sn lt, sn nn v cc loi ht khng yu cu bng, kch thc ht trong khong 20 40 m (tiu chun quc t), 40 50 m (tiu chun Vit Nam).

Mt s n cng ngh mu (ngun: x nghip sn Hi u)Sn phm: xanh m bin tnh (AU 750)

Tn nguyn liuS lngn vGhi ch

nh paste1. Xy len

2. beckosol 5003

3. Benton SD

4. BYK 108

5. Lamp black 101

6. CR 828 (TiO2)

7. Micron barites 5030

8. BYK 502

9. Xy len

10. T- sol White (xng)280

360

21

16.5

150

15

3

750

35

85Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

KgTc my 1100 1200 vng/pht.

Nhit 500 600C

Thi gian : 3h

Nghin1. bekosol 5003

2. T- sol White (xng)

3. Dung dch Paste50

50

1715.5Kg

Kg

KgNgm 20h .

mn < 30 m

Pha long1. Bkosol 5003

2. Toymax Co 10

3. Troymax Mn 10

4. Toymax Ca 10

5. Toymax Antiskin B

6. T- sol White1450

3

3

27

4.5

180Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

Kg

KgT trng : 1.14g/ml

nht : > 60 KU

Chng 3: MY NGHIN DNG TRONG QU TRNH SN XUT SN

Nghin l cng on chnh trong qu trnh sn xut sn, qu trnh ny to ra mt dng cht lng mn, dn u tt trn b mt vt cn sn. Hin ti, cc dy chuyn sn xut sn c cc loi my nghin bi (ht ngc) loi ngang v ng. Ty theo yu cu v nht ca paste sn v chng loi sn m ngi ta s dng my nghin loi ngang hoc ng.

3.1. Cc loi my nghin dng trong cng nghip sn xut sn

C hai loi my nghin dng trong cng ngh sn xut sn l:

My nghin bi trc ng

My nghin bi nm ngang

3.1.1. Cu to chung

Mt my nghin dng trong cng nghip sn xut sn, ty thuc vo tng loi my c th s c nhng chi tit cu to khc nhau nhng chng lun c mt s b phn chung nh sau:

Thn my

Gi (ngang hoc ng ty tng loi)

Khp ni

Trc nghin

Trc ph v ming m bt kn u trc

ng dn paste ngoi

V o gii nhit

ai v dy ai truyn ng

Bi v trc bi

Motor bm, motor chnh

u vo v ra ca nc gii nhit

B phn ng dn, cc khp ni.B phnc im vai tr

B phn truyn ngMotor chnh Cng sut 40Hp.To chuyn ng quay cho trc nghin.

PulleyGn vi trc nghin gi l pulley b dn, gn vi motor l pulley dn.

Truyn ng quay t motor n trc nghin.

B truyn aiGm 4 dy ai.

Nhim v truyn ng quay t motor n trc nghin.

Bm rng kha (M)Bm sn t thng cha vo thng nghin.

B phn nghin

Thng nghinHnh tr, t thng ng (my nghin ng) hay nm ngang (my nghin nm).

C 2 lp, u lm bng inox, gia hai lp c khong trng cha nc lm mt.

a nghinHnh dng khc nhau ty tng loi my, c cu to c bit (rng, l trn), lm bng inox.

Bi nghin (Germany)Lm bng thch anh, t b dung mi n mn ha hc, t b mi mn, t b v trong qu trnh nghin.

Hnh cu, c ng knh d chun l 2mm.

Thi gian s dng l 500 gi (thng bi nghin cng loi vi my nghin nhng do bi ca singapore d b v trong qu trnh nghin nn khng s dng).

Nhit ko nhit ca sn ra.

p ko p sut ca sn trong thng nghin khi p sut trong thng nghin qu cao ( 0.4 bar) th t ng ngt bm. ng thi hn ch s c sn v bi b ht ngc tr li bm khi bm yu, bm b nght th h thng ngt bm.

H thng nc gii nhitNc c lun chuyn tun hon. Nc lm mt vo thng sn c nhit khong 14.5oC, khi ra c nhit khong 27-30oC.

Bng 4: c im, vai tr ca cc b phn my nghin (ngun: c.ty sn ng)3.1.2. Nguyn tc hot ng

My hot ng theo nguyn tc va chm ma st, lm vic theo c ch gin on hoc lin tc. S c xt gia bi vi vt liu nghin v gia bi vi thnh thit b lm cho cc ht nha, bt mu v ra, phn tn u trong sn.

Paste sn sau khi ra khi my nghin c lc qua mt lp li lc quy nh mn cn thit (ty thuc vo yu cu ca tng x nghip, tng cng ty m mn c th khc nhau, thng ly khong < 20m.

Trong qu trnh nghin cn ch m bo nhit ti a trong khi nghin l 500C c khng ch nh lp v o lm ngui bng nc.3.2. Cu to chi tit tng b phn3.2.1. Trc nghin

Trc l chi tit cc chi tit quay, truyn mmen xon hoc thc hin c hai nhim v . Trc c phn loi theo c im ti trng, theo hnh dng ng tm trc v theo cu to trc.

Hnh 2: Cu to ca trc

Trong qu trnh vn hnh my c th gp mt s dng h hng nh: gy trc, mn trc, trc b vng, Khi trc quay chu tc dng mmen un hoc xon thay i th cc vt nt c th c hnh thnh ti v tr bt k trn chu vi trc.

Gy trc: do qu ti hoc do nhng nguyn nhn nh:

Thng xuyn lm vic qu ti do khng nh gi ng c im v tr s ca ti trng trong qu trnh tnh ton.

Khng nh gi ng nh hng ca s tp trung ng sut do kt cu trc gy nn.

C s tp trung ng sut ln do cht lng ch to xu.

S dng v lp rp khng ng k thut.

Mn trc: trong qu trnh lm vic, do s dng sai yu cu k thut, mng bi trn khng hnh thnh c sinh ra ma st trn b mt lm vic. Dn n vic trc b nng v mn rt nhanh, trc c th b xc, b dnh v mt kh nng lm vic. Trc khng cng: do lc tc dng ln trc lm trc b bin dng, nh hng n kh nng lm vic ca trc, ph hng s tip xc lm vic ca cc chi tit truyn ng3.2.2. trc trc c cng dng trc tm v trc truyn, m bo chuyn ng quay v ti trng tc dng ln cc chi tit trn. Ngoi ra, trc c th cc chi tit quay thc hin chuyn ng quay quanh trc nh bnh ai, bnh rng, Ty vo dng ma st sinh ra trong m ta phn ra ln v trt.

Hnh 3: Cu to trc

u, nhc im ca trc:

u im:

Gi thnh thp do sn xut hng lot.

Ma st sinh ra l ma st ln nn tn tht cng sut do ma st thp.

Thay th thun tin khi sa cha v bo dng my.

Chm sc v bi trn n gin.

Nhc im:

Kh nng quay nhanh, chu va p v chn ng km do cng ( bin dng) ca kt cu ln thp.

Kch thc hng knh tng i ln.

Khi lm vic vi vn tc cao th tin cy thp v v vng cch do lc ly tm ca con ln. Gy ting n khi lm vic vi tc cao

Hnh 4: Mt s loi trc ph bin

thng c tnh ton theo l thuyt bi trn thy tnh hay thy ng, hoc kt hp gia thy tnh v thy ng. Trong qu trnh khi ng hoc tt my, phi dng du c p lc cao nng ngng trc khi b mt lm vic ca , nh m gim ma st ca chng n mc ng k. Khi tnh ton, ngi thit k phi chn kch thc cng nh cu to ca sao cho b mt lm vic ca n chu c mt p lc nht nh.3.2.3. V

V my nghin gm thn v mt bch hai u. Thn c cu to t thp tm c bn cao, tnh hn tt. Chiu dy ca thp ch to thn ph thuc ng knh, chiu di cng nh iu kin lm vic ca n. Gi tr thng c chn t (1/100 1/75 ) ng knh thn. Vi my nghin c chiu di ln, chiu dy c th gim dn t gia v hai pha. Ta c th chn s b chiu dy thnh theo ng knh nh sau:ng knh (mm ) Chiu dy thnh (mm )

Di 1600

18.0

1600 2000

20.0

2000 2200

25.5

2200 2400

28.0

2500 3500

38.0

3500 4250

52.0

4250 4500

58.0

5000

63.5

6400

85/75

Mt bch l ch ni vi hai ngng trc .C nhiu loi kt cu khc nhau ty theo kch thc.3.2.4. Vt nghin

Kch thc ca vt nghin (bi) c chn ph thuc vo kch thc ln nht ca vt liu trc khi nghin, vo ng knh, chiu di tang nghin vo h thng nghin v nht l vo mn yu cu.

Hnh 5: Vt nghin

Thng thng khi nghin th ngi ta hay s dng bi c ng knh t 50 100 mm, cn khi nghin tinh th s dng bi c ng knh t 15 50 mm. Yu cu chung t ra khi ch to bi nghin l va phi chu c tc ng va p vi vt liu nghin v thnh tang nghin va phi chu ma st xut hin khi n chuyn ng tng i trong bung nghin.

Hnh 6: Mt s dng bi nghin

V l do ny m vt liu c chn ch to bi nghin phi c cng cao, mn thp.3.2.5. H thng truyn ng

C nhiu phng php truyn ng khc nhau cho my nghin, c th phn chng thnh cc nhm sau:

Truyn ng theo mt bn nh truyn ng bnh rng.

1. ng c chnh

2. Hp gim tc

3. ng c ph

4. Bnh rng nh

5. Vnh rng

6. Tang nghin Truyn ng trung tm nh truyn ng bnh rng.

Truyn ng in trc tip (khng bnh rng).

Truyn ng bng bnh ma st hoc ai truyn

c im chung ca truyn ng theo mt bn l chuyn ng quay c truyn t ng c n tang nghin nh hp gim tc n mt hoc nhiu bnh rng nh n khp trc tip vi mt bnh rng ln lp trn tang nghin. Truyn ng mt bn c s dng khi kch thc D nh hoc c s dng trong nghin t hoc nghin vt liu c m cao do tit din cn x liu u trc ln khng cho php thc hin truyn ng trung tm.

Khc vi truyn ng mt bn, truyn ng trung tm c cu trc kh gn theo phng hng knh v khng phi gia cng bnh rng ln lp trn vnh tang. Tuy nhin kt cu c trc tang phc tp nn gi thnh u t thng ln hn truyn ng mt bn, nht l vi kiu truyn ng vi hp gim tc hnh tinh.

u im c bn ca truyn ng khng bnh rng l n cho php ta thay i tang nghin mt cch d dng, do p ng c vi nhiu loi thng s hnh hc v ng hc ca tang, chi ph bo dng c kh cng nh bi trn h truyn ng khng cao. Tuy nhin,loi truyn ng rt nhy cm vi cc s c v li in. ng thi vic ch to cm stato v roto rt phc tp nn gi thnh u t kh cao.

p ng c vi s thay i c l tnh ca vt liu nghin cng nh cht lng sn phm sau nghin, cng sut truyn ng cho my nghin thng c chn cao hn cng sut tnh ton t 5 10%. cc my nghin c cng sut truyn ng ln v c h thng truyn ng bnh rng th ngoi ng c chnh ta thng chn thm mt ng c ph.

Vic la chn h truyn ng cho my nghin l mt trong nhng cng on lin quan n c khu thit k ln khu s dng.3.2.6. H thng nc gii nhit, lm mt

Mt s my mc c th c cc b phn c nhit ln n rt cao, iu ny c th lm gim thi gian lm vic ca my hoc khin my b chy, hng, kt, khin my khng th lm vic c. m bo cho my lm vic bnh thng, cn phi tn nhit bt i vi nhng ch nng nhiu. iu ny do h thng lm mt m nhn. Ty vo cc chi tit my c th m h thng lm mt c nhim v ring:

i vi cc chi tit ng c Gi cho cc chi tit khng b chy hng nh tui th cc chi tit c tng ln.

Trnh hin tng kt dnh ca ng c

i vi cc my nhit: h thng lm mt c th lm tng tui th ca my.

i vi cc my ct kim loi Lm tng tui th dao ct.

Tng cht lng b mt gia cng.

To iu kin ti u ha ch ct gt t tng nng sut v gi thnh sn phm

Vt liu lm mt c th l khng kh (dng qut gi tng qu trnh trao i nhit vi khng kh), cht lng nh nc hoc du hay dung dch ha hc hoc cht rn.

Cc h thng lm mt: ty trng hp c th ta c cc h thng lm mt sau:

Lm mt t nhin bng gi: i tng lm mt c ch to c nhiu cch ta nhit v vic thot nhit c thc hin bng gi t nhin. Hnh thc ny c thy ng c xe my, t, ng c in

Lm mt cng bc bng gi: dng qut gi qut vo i tng lm mt. Lm mt bng nc: xung quanh i tng lm mt ta ch to cc khong trng v a nc tun hon vo lm mt.

Dng h thng bm: bm du bi trn lm lnh vo cc chi tit cn lm mt.3.3. Mt s lu khi s dng

3.3.1. Trc khi nghin

Bnh nghin, cc ng dn, cc van phi c lm sch.

H thng lm mt phi c kim tra cht ch.

Chy th my khng ti trc khi nghin th c bm v b phn nghin chnh.

3.3.2. Trong qu trnh nghin

Thng xuyn kim tra h thng lm mt (trnh trng hp m van cp nc m khng m van x nc).

Cc th sn (trc v sau my nghin) phi c che chn cn thn (trnh hu qu do h thng lm mt gp s c).

3.3.3. Cc bin php an ton trong qu trnh nghin

Khng nn i ra khi khu vc my khi my ang hot ng.

Khi gp s c phi tin hnh dng ngay my, trong trng hp khng dng c th phi nhanh chng ct cu dao

Khng sn trong bung nghin khi cha chy ht, nu do s c (mt in,) th phi x sn v bi ra, tin hnh v sinh bung nghin

Thng xuyn v sinh cc van, bm sn, h thng ng ng dn sau khi lm.

Kim tra ngun nc lm lnh, p sut bm, ai sit ng dn

Chng 4: LA CHN, TNH TON THIT K MY NGHIN BI

4.1. S cu to, hnh nh thit b.

Hnh 7: S cu to thit b

Hnh 8: Hnh nh thit b

Hnh 9: Cu to chi tit thit b.4.2. Nguyn tc hot ng

Nguyn liu c ng trong thng cha nguyn liu i qua vo bm hai bnh rng, c bm bnh rng a vo my nghin bi t di ln nh on ng dn,v c van iu chnh lu lng trc ca nhp liu. Khi i qua ng nhp liu, nguyn liu c a ln qua cc bi nh p lc bm ti y trc ang c quay vi tc cao nh truyn ng trc tip t ng c. Ti y nh cc bi ma st voi nhau v vi thnh thit b voi tc cao.Nh s ma st lm cho cc cht n, cht ph gia c nghin mn. Khi i qua ht cc vng bi th nguyn liu t mn theo yu cu th s c a ra khi my nghin qua ng xut liu, cn nu cm thy sn phm cha t yu cu th s c qua ng hi lu tr v thng cha nguyn liu ban u v qu trnh lp li. mn ca sn phm ph thuc vo tc quay v thi gian lu li ca nguyn liu trong my nghin.

4.3. La chn, tnh ton cc chi tit cu to my nghin bi:

4.3.1. Thn thit b

4.3.1.1. B dy thn

Thn thit b l hnh tr c c bng thp CT3. Thit b lm vic p sut thng. V thn lm vic vi nhit b hn 1000C nn khng cn phi bc lp cch nhit.

Cc thng s trong qu trnh tnh ton.

Nhit tnh ton: t = nhit ln nht c th c trong thit b. Ly t = 700C.

p sut tnh ton :

V thit b hot ng p sut thng nn ta coi p sut tnh ton bng vi p sut thy tnh ln nht tc dng ln y thp cng vi p sut kh quyn. iu kin nguy him nht chn tnh ton l thit b cha y dung dch sn. P = Pm + .g.H = 0,1 + 2000.9,8.0,7.10-6 = 0,114 (N/mm2)

Pm l p sut kh quyn Pm= 0,1N/mm2: khi lng ring dung dch sn ln nht c th, ly bng 2000kg/m3

H chiu cao phn thit b cha sn H= 0,7 (m).

ng sut cho php tiu chun: ca thp CT3 nhit lm vic.

[(]* = 137 N/mm2 [1]H s hiu chnh: = 0,9

ng sut cho php: [(] = ( [(]* = 123,3 N/mm2

Tnh b dy: Cho thn tr c chu p sut trong

B dy ti thiu tnh theo cng thc:

S =

H s b sung b dy C = Ca + Cb + Cc+ CoCa h s b sung do n mn ha hc, Ca = 1mm

Cb h s b sung do bo mn c hc, ly Cb = 1mm

Cc h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, c xc nh theo cng thc:

Cc = 0,5.( t +n + p)

Dung sai ch to cp chnh xc 7 theo Dt v Dn l t = n = 1,55 (mm)

Cn c vo i lng S P = 0,114N/mm2 (tha)

Vy kt lun: b dy thn S = 8mm, ng knh ngoi Dn = 150 + 2.8 =166 (mm)

4.3.1.2. Tnh mt bch

Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc b phn khc vi thit b. C nhiu loi mt bch v trong n ny chn loi mt bch phng hn lm bng thp CT3, bulng ghp bch cng bng thp CT3.

B dy bch phng c tnh theo cng thc: [2]

C = 268 mm l ng knh vng bulng

P = 0,114 N/mm2 l p sut mi trng trong thit b

db = 16mm l ng knh l lp bu lng

Z = 12 l s bulng

Dn = 166 mm

l l cnh tay n l = (C Dn)/2

bi ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bch. Tra bng 7-3 ti liu [1] cho thp CT3 200C ta c bi = 0,6.113 = 67,8 (N/mm2) [3][]b ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bu lng, tra bng 7-7 ti liu [1] cho thp CT3 200C ta c []b = 0,6.90 = 54 (N/mm2) [4]Vy b dy bch bng

Chn b dy bch theo quy chun t = 15mm

Kim tra ng sut tc dng ln bu lng.

Trc ht xc nh lc nn chiu trc sinh ra do xit bu lng, lc ny khc phc c ti trng do p sut trong thit b v p sut ph sinh ra trn m gi cho mi ghp c kn, ngha l:

Q1= Qa+Qk

Qa lc do p sut trong thit b gy ra, Qa=

Qk lc cn thit gi m c kn.

Chn m l cao su mm c ng knh ngoi ca vng m dn = 197mm

ng knh trong ca vng m dt = 177 mm

ng knh trung bnh ca vng m dtb = (dn + dt)/2 = 187 (mm)

B rng thc ca vng m b = 20mm

B rng tnh ton ca vng m bo = (0,5 0,8) b, ta chn bo = 0,8b = 0,8.20 = 16 (mm).

H s p sut ring m v p sut ring cn thit lm bin dng vt liu vng m qo (N/mm2) ph thuc vo vt liu m i vi cao su mm ta c m = 0,5 v qo = 3,5 (N/mm2) [5]

Qk =

Vy Q1 = Qa + Qk = 2549,3 N

Lc cn thit p cht vng m

Q2 = .dtb.b0.q0 = 3,14.187.16.3,5 = 32882,08 (N)

Q l lc nn chiu trc, Q = max{Q1,Q2} = 32882,08N

Lc tc dng ln mt bulng:

qb =Q/Z = 32882,08/12 = 2740,2 (N)

ng sut tc dng ln bulng c xc nh theo:

( tha mn

Vy mt bch c b dy 15mm, tng cng c 12 bulng cho 2 mt bch, ng knh bulng 16mm.

4.3.2. ln.

4.3.2.1. Kiu v kt cu

a. bi mt dy bi mt dy c kh nng chu ti trng tc dng hng tm v dc trc theo c hai chiu. Kh nng chu ti trng dc trc khng qu 70% ti trng hng tm cho php. bi mt dy c tn tht ma st khng ln lm v c s dng rng ri khi tnh ton ca nm trong gii hn kh nng lm vic bnh thng ca my v thit b.

Hnh 10: Cu to bi nghinb. a cn chn

kiu 7000 - a cn chn mt dy.

kiu 67000- a cn chn mt dy c vai trn vng ngoi.

Hng ti trng tc dng ca hai kiu 7000 v 67000 l hng tm v dc trc theo mt chiu. Kh nng chu ti dc trc khng vt qu 70% ti trng hng tm cho php. c th lp thnh mt cp lm vic vi ti trng hng tm. Khng nn dng a cn chn khi ch c ti trng dc trc. Cho php iu chnh khe h hng tm v dc trc. Khi dng kiu 67000, cho php gia cng l thng trn than hp lp vng ngoi.4.3.2.2. La chn ln

Khi chn la kiu v kch thc ca ln cn tnh n cc yu t sau:

Tr s v hng ca ti trng tc dng (hng tm, dc trc, hng tm + dc trc) c im ca ti trng (thay i, khng i, va p) Tui th cn thit ( thi gian lm vic tnh bng gi) Mi trng xung quanh

Trnh t la chn ln nh sau:

Xut pht t iu kin vn hnh v kt cu c th ca tng b phn my hoc c cu chn kiu ln. Xc nh c kch thc ca ln ph thuc vo v tr v hng ca ti trng tc dng ln, tng s quay. Chn cp chnh xc ca ln ph thuc vo yu cu v chnh xc quay ca b phn my.

4.3.2.3. Tnh ton ln

a. Thut ng v nh ngha

b. K hiuTa c: Cr: kh nng ti ng hng tm c s, N

Dw: ng knh vin bi, mm

Dwp: ng knh vng trn i qua tm cc vin bi hay con ln, mm

Dwe: ng knh con ln tnh kh nng ti, mm

Z: s con ln trong ln mt dy, s con ln trong mt dy ca nhiu dy khi s con ln trong mi dy l nh nhau.

: gc tip xc danh ngha ca ,

L10: tui th c s, triu vng quay

fc : h s ph thuc vo dng hnh hc cc chi tit ca , chnh xc ch to v vt liu.

c. Phng php tnh kh nng ti ng v tui th

Kh nng ti ng hng tm c s ca bi v bi nghin, kh nng ti ng dc trc v hng tm tng ng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

Tnh ton cho bi nghin ( bi mt dy):

Tnh kh nng ti ng:

Vi

chn fc =59.6 [6]

Tnh ton s b kh nng ti ng: Pr

chn fd=3.5 v fn=0.255 [7] Tnh tui th:

(vng)

Tnh tui th theo gi:

Tnh ton cho a cn chn ( cn)

Tnh kh nng ti ng:

Vi chn fc =80 [8]

Tnh ton s b kh nng ti ng: Pr

(chn fd=3.5 v fn=0.293) [9] Tnh tui th:

Tnh tui th theo gi:

4.3.3. Trc

Hnh 11: Hnh nh v trcTrc c dng cc chi tit my quay, truyn momen xon. Hoc ng thi thc hin c hai nhim v ny.

Theo c im chu ti phn ra.

Trc tm: c dng ch trc v chu momen un. Trc tm c th quay cng vi cc chi tit lp trn n nh trc bnh xe ca tu ha ln trn ng ray, hoc trc tm khng quay nh trc ca rng rc. Trc truyn va cc chi tit my quay va truyn momen xon ngha l ng thi chu c momen un v momen xon.

Theo cu to phn ra: trc trn, trc bc, trc c v trc rng.

Theo hnh dng ng tm trc phn ra: trc thng trc khuu v trc mm. Trc khuu c dng trong ng c t trong, my bm pittong, cn trc mm c dng truyn ng quay v momen xon gia cc b phn my hoc my c v tr thay i khi lm vic.

Tnh ton thit k trc

Chn cng sut ng c:

Cng sut ca ng c in : 3.7 KW

Chn vt liu lm trc:

Thp C35 c ng sut xon cho php l = 20Mpa

Theo s thit k:

Trc l trc trn khng ren, khng c bc trc v trc t thng ng nn trong qu trnh hot ng t sinh ra nhng ng sut ph hy trc nn c th b qua tc hi ca ng sut.

Trc c truyn ng trc tip bng ng c in nn cng sut ca trc cng l cng sut ca ng c in.

Trc c t thng ng nn trong qu trnh hot ng khng sinh ra ng sut vng. Tnh ton s b ng knh trc:

ng knh s b ca trc ph thuc vo momen xon theo cng thc sau:

: ng sut xon cho php ca vt liu lm trc

T : Momen xon ca trc

Momen xon ph thuc vo cng sut ng c in theo cng thc sau:

S vng quay tnh ton ca ng c l 300 vng/pht

ng knh trc:

Chn h s b sung h trc c lm vic an ton: C0 = 19

d =d+C0=31+19=50(mm)

4.3.4. ng c truyn ng4.3.4.1. c im Hnh 12: ng c truyn ng

ng c do hng Hitachi sn xut, cng sut 5hp, s vng quay ti a 4000 vng/pht. ng c hot ng da trn lc in t nn cu to c bn gm cun dy v b phn dn t l li thp. Theo kt cu ng c in bao gi cng c phn tnh ( sato) v phn quay (roto) c ngn cch nhau bng khe h khng kh, in th 380V, s dng dng in 3A, tn s 50-60 Hz.4.3.4.2. Cng dng

ng c in c u im l ting n nh khng gy nhim mi trng. Kch thc h gn, dng ngun nng lng r tin, tin li trong s dng, c kh nng t dng ha v iu khin t xa... V vy c s dng rng ri trong k thut cng nh dn dng. trong cng nghip, a s cc ng c truyn ng u l ng c in.

4.3.5. Bm nhp liu

Hnh 13: Bm bnh rngCu to nh hnh: gm hai bnh rng v hai trc quay ngc chiu nhau, n khp vi nhau v nm kht trong v, s rng trn bnh rng thng vo khong 8-20. Cc rnh rng thc hin chc nng ca xilanh, cn rng thc hin cha nng ca pittong. Nh vy khi bm quay s lin ht v y lu cht. S rng cng ln th lu lng cng u. Bm bnh rng thng c nng sut nh, thng t 0,3-2 l/s, p sut t 100 -200 mH2O. Vi yu cu ca thit b bm hn hp sn dng nh c nht ln chnh v th bm nhp liu phi chn bm bnh rng.

4.3.6. ng dn liu va van.

4.3.6.1. ng dn

Nguyn liu: c lam t Thep CT3

Cac thng s :

ng kinh : 21mm

Nhit lam vic: 600C

dy :1 mm

Chc nng: dn nguyn liu vao may nghin va a san phm ra.

4.3.6.2. Van

Hnh 14: Cc loi van

Nguyn lu: c gia cng bng ng.

Chc nng: iu chinh lu lng cua dong nhp liu, va dong ra cua san phm.

S lng: 4 van.

Chng 5: NGUYN NHN V CC BIN PHP KHC PHC

5.1. Bng thng s k thut ca my

Cng sut ng c: 3,7hp, s vng quay ti a 3000 vng/pht.

Bm nhp liu (bm bnh rng) 1,5hp.

S dng ngun in 3 pha, 380V, 5A.

Chiu cao my: 1m

Th tch trong thn my: 4 lt

5.2. Hng dn s dng my

Hnh 15: Bng iu khin my u tin kim tra ton b h thng trc khi khi ng my.

Cho nguyn liu vo bn cha.

Bt cng tc tng bn trong t in, ch h thng n nh khong vi pht ri m cng tc my nghin mu xanh bn phi.

iu chnh s vng quay thch hp ca ng c nh nt iu chnh.

Sau m bm nhp liu bt u tnh thi gian nghin.

Sau khi nghin xong, ta tt bm nhp liu trc bng nt mu bn di.

Tho ton b nguyn liu cn st li trong my theo ng ng tho liu.

Tip theo cho dung mi xng vo bn ri bt cng tt cho bm hot ng ra my.

Sau tt bm, tho cn v tt my nghin.

Nu trong qu trnh my lm vic c xy ra s c tt my bng nt khn cp.

5.3. S c v cch khc phcS cNguyn nhnKhc phc

Mt truyn ng khng hot ng. Cha cung cp ngun in.

Mt chy do hot ng qu cng sut. Nhanh chng tt my kim tra ngun in, nu mt chy cn phi c bo hnh hnh hoc thay mi.

Gin xch khp ni. My hot ng thi gian di. Kim tra khp ni nh k.

Sit li xch ni, cht.

My rung khi hot ng. Do trc b r. Dng my kim tra c th phi thay trc.

My hot ng c ting ku l, hoc quay khng t vn tc. Do v bi ln, bi nghin hoc .

Kt bi do sn dnh vo . Dng my kim tra v thay bi. Dng dung mi xng ra my.

Lu lng nguyn liu khng n nh.- Bm nhp liu mn bnh rng. Dng my kim tra v thay bnh rng.

Sn x ra ngoi. Do h bch.

Xit li bulng nu khng c th tho bch thay tm lt.

Bng 5: S c ca thit b trong qu trnh lm vic.

S cNguyn nhnKhc phc

Nhit ca sn vt qu gii hn cho php. Qun m van nc lm mt.

nht ca sn cao.

Thi gian lu lu.

Tc trc nghin cao. Nhanh chng m van nc lm mt.

B sung thm dung mi vo bn nghin.

Tng tc bm sn.

Gim tc quay ca trc nghin.

Sn khng t mn theo yu cu.

Tc bm sn cao, hoc thi gian lu ca sn trong my nghin cha .

Do lng sn bm thnh v y t.

Cng c th do tc trc quay khng thch hp.

Nguyn liu theo phiu sn xut khng ng. iu chnh tc bm sn.

em khuy trn u sn.

iu chnh tc trc.

Tin hnh nghin li. Kim tra phiu, khuy trn li hoc trn cho cc m sn khc.

Sn b sn.

Do bi nghin b v.

T cha sn nghin khng c y np. Thay bi.

y np.

Sn b ln mu. My nghin khng sch. Phi ra sch my sau mi ln nghin

Sn b tro ln trc dn. nht ca sn cao.

Gim nht ca sn bng cch pha long bng dung mi. Gim tc bm sn gim lng sn trong my.

Bng 6: S c v cch khc phc trong qu trnh nghin.

5.4. An ton khi s dng my Trc khi vn hnh my cn cho my chy khng ti 2 3 pht.

Cn lu h thng qut bn trong t in v khi lm vic b tng p ta nhiu nhit. Kim tra qu trnh nhp liu trc khi m bm nhp liu.(kim tra van nhp v thot liu). iu chnh lu lng sn thch hp.

Kim tra h thng trc vn hnh v sau khi vn hnh xong. Khng chm tay vo h thng khi my ang hot ng trnh hin tng r in.

KT LUN

T xa chng ta bit n cu Ngi p v la, la tt v phn, v th v b ngoi l rt quan trng. Mt ngi nh p th yu t mu sn l rt cn thit. Nh vy mi thy c tm quan trng ca sn. Sn nu mun p v hon ho th cn rt nhiu yu t: dung mi, cht to mng, bt n, mu v quan trng nht l mn ca sn. mn quyt nh n khong 70% cht lng ca sn phm sn v chnh l nhim v quan trng ca thit b nghin.

ti ca nhm trnh by trn tm hiu tng qut v quy trnh sn xut sn, v qu trnh nghin cng nh tnh ton thit k my nghin bi dnh cho sn. Vi mc ch mong my t c nng sut cao nht, nhm chn nhng chi tit u vit nht dnh cho thit k. Tuy nhin, vi s hiu bit cn hn hp, kh trnh khi nhng thiu st, mong c v cc bn thng cm.

Tp th nhm n

Lp HHC3

TI LIU THAM KHO

Cc gio trnh:

(1) H L Vin, Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ha cht v du kh, NXB khoa hc k thut H Ni, 2006,([1] Hnh 1.1 trang 15, [2] Cng thc (7-4) trang 152, [3] Bng 7-3, [4] Bng 7-7, [5] Bng 7-4 trang 156).(2) PGS.TS H Vn Vui, S tay thit k c kh, NXB khoa hc k thut, 2008,([6] tra bng 2.40 trang 83, [7] tra bng 2.51;2.53 trang 92, [8] tra bng 2.41 trang 83, tra fd va fn bng 2.52; 2.53 trang 92)(3) PGS.TS. V Lim Chnh, T.S. Quc Quang, KS. Cao Vn M, My, thit b v h thng nghin mn , NXB xy dng, 2008.(4) Nguyn Quang Hunh , Cng ngh sn xut sn vecni, NXB khoa hc k thut, 2010.

(5) Nguyn Vn Lc, K thut sn, NXB gio dc, 1999.

(6) Nguyn Hu Lc, C s thit k my, NXB i Hc quc gia, 2008.Cc n:

(7) My nghin bi, GVHD: Ng Ngc Trng Mai, H Cn Th, 2006.(8) Tnh ton thit k my nghin bi nghin clinke v h thng thit b thu hi xi mng trong dy truyn sn xut xi mng bng phng php kh.(9) Thit k nh my sn xut sn alkyd 1700 tn/nm, Tt Khi Hon, H Bch Khoa TP.HCM, 2008.Nn p

Mi xit

n

Va p

un

Nguyn liu

nh paste

Nghin

Lc

Kim tra

Kim tra

Pha long

Sn phm

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