qarTuli - journal.satvistomo.dejournal.satvistomo.de/2009_nomeri_4.pdf · wlis 8-12 agvistos...

N4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009 �

qarTuli

sapirvelgverdo leqsi 3

agvistos qvemexebi: umniSvnelo movlena

mniSvnelovani SedegebiT 4-8

stalinis monumenti - berlinis kedlis nawili? 9-10

qarTveli mxedarTmTavrebi

mefe daviT IV aRmaSenebeli 10-14

mariamobaa 14-15

patriarqis stumroba miunxenis

qarTul eklesiaSi 16-18

„iberisi“ gamarjveba xalxuricekvebis festivalze 19

saqarTvelos germanuli koloniebi 21-27

„peremiries“ Semdeg 27-34

nomerSia:

garekanis fotos avtori: giorgi kviJinaZe

� 4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009

qarTuli

s a pir v e l g v erdo l e q si

aqodesRaczeciurigzagayvanila: wyalwiTela...mowameTa...mwvaneyvavila... esadgiliqveynisWipi,qveynisZiria, wyaliaTuhaeria-sxvanairia. amadgilasfexSiSvelas bevrjermivlia, amadgilascadafrinde- suladvilia. esyavyavi,essicili,eskilokavi sulsamoTxisCitebiasulSimgogavi. amadgilascaixsnebayovelkviradRe, yvelaferiagixdeba,rasacinatreb. Cu-Cu!galobaniesesacnauria, nuTu„Senxarvenaxia“?!saswaulia. ....... amadgilascaixsnebanaTurinjali, saqarTvelosewerebauflispirjvari...

giorgileoniZe


qarTuli

2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis politikuri Sedegebi, mxolod am movlenis uSualo monawileebze ar asaxula: man post-sabWoTa sivrceze, SeerTebul Statebsa da evrokavSirze, CineTsa da TurqeTzec ki seriozuli gavlena moaxdina. ivan krastevi toqsikuri konfliqtis Sedegebs ajamebs da momavlisken ixedeba 100 dReze naklebi dro dasWirda imas, rom 2008 wlis 8-12 agvistos ruseT-saqarTvelos omi sxva istoriul movlenas gadaefara. agvistos qvemexebi uol-sTriTis Weqa-quxilma daCrdila. omi, romelic im droisTvis sabediswero Canda, momentalurad amneziis msxverpli gaxda: is umniSvnelo movlenad gadaiqca, magram am umniSvnelo movlenas, mniSvnelovani Sedegebi mohyva. vfiqrob, erTi wlis Semdeg am Sedegebis Sejamebis dro dadga. ZiriTadi monawileebis - saqarTvelos da ruseTis, aseve aSS-sa da evrokavSiris - omis Semdgomi Semajamebeli balansebi, didwilad ekonomikuri krizisiT dazaralebuli uol-sTriTis finansuri institutebis dokumentacias hgavs: gamoucxadebeli danakargebi da gazrdili mogeba. da marTlac, am toqsikuri konfliqtis SedegebSi wagebulebis danaxva ufro martivia, vidre mogebulebis. 2008 wlis agvistoSi saqarTvelom sakuTari ocnebebi dakarga, kremlma - kompleqsebi, vaSingtonma - nervebi, evrokavSirma ki mSvidi Zili, magram rogorc poetma sTqva, ar arsebobs imaze meti warmateba, vidre marcxi: qaoturi Sedegebi imasac gviCvenebs, rom zogierTma am da sxva zesaxelmwifom Tanmdevi mogeba miiRo.

ruseTi yvela am tolobis centrSia. omi moskovisTvis imis SesaZlebloba gaxda, rom “civi omis” dasrulebis Semdeg sakuTari sazRvrebis miRma pirveli farTomasStabiani samxedro operacia ewarmoebina. mogvianebiT samxreT-oseTis da afxazeTis d a m o u k i d e b l o b i s aRiarebiT, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze sazRvrebis gadaxedva pirvelad moxda. ruseTi

omidan revizionistul zesaxelmwifod gamovida da evropas evropuli wesrigis arsebobis iluzia daukarga. rusi analitikosi sergei markedonovi absoluturad marTalia, rodesac ambobs rom - ”2008 wlis agvistoSi evraziis teritoriaze konfliqtebis saboloo gadatvirTva moxda.” omis Sedegebis amgvari Sefaseba Tavis TavSi yvela ZiriTadi moTamaSis rols da evropuli wesrigis momavlisTvis omis Sedegebs moicavs. saqarTvelos Tavisufali balansisaqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma strategiuli Secdoma dauSva, rodesac samxreT-oseTis dedaqalaq cxinvalze saraketo Seteva wamoiwyo. man gariska da damarcxda, masTan erTad damarcxda saqarTveloc. man afxazeTi da samxreT-oseTi dakarga, radgan omis dasasruls misgan isedac gamoyofil “saxelmwifoebze” mas xeli ver miuwvda. qveyanam samxedro infrastruqtura da swraf ekonomikur ganviTarebaze ocneba dakarga. saqarTvelos strategiuli ambicia kavkasiur israelad gadaqceuliyo, koSmarad iqca. imavdroulad, saakaSvili damarcxda, magram moaxerxa da opoziciis seriozuli politikuri kritikis miuxedavad xelisuflebaSi darCa. misi mmarTvelobis qveS saqarTvelo sakuTar marcxs Seegua da 2008-2009 wlebSi, es qveyana amerikis klientisgan evropul proeqtad gadaiqca. Tbilisis strategiuli sargebeli swored amaSi mdgomareobs. vaSingtonis Tavisufali balansi2008 wlis pirvel TveebSi SeerTebulma Statebma strategiuli Secdoma dauSva, rodesac ignorireba gaukeTa misi strategiuli

agvistos qvemexebi: umniSvnelo movlena mniSvnelovani SedegebiT

ivan krastevi


qarTuli

mokavSiris, Tbilisis saomar miswrafebebs ajanyebuli teritoriebis winaaRmdeg. jorj buSis TeTrma saxlma, mixeil saakaSvilis mTavrobis realuri ganzraxvebi ver amoicno da saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyenebaze moskovis mzadyofna faqtobrivad arasworad Seafasa. amis Sedegad, aSS-s Zlevamosilebis mimarT ndobis seriozuli krizisi Seiqmna. vaSingtons, romelic simboluri politikiT Sepyrobili gaxldaT, strategiuli daZabuloba Zvirad daujda. Sedegi katastrofuli aRmoCnda. rusul-qarTuli konfliqtis xuTma dRem aCvena, rom vaSingtons moskovze zewolis berketebi ar gaaCnia, xolo buSis erTguleba saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisadmi - ritorikaa da meti araferi. saboloo jamSi, nato-s generlebi goris dasacavad (sadac ioseb stalini daibada) aliansis jariskacebis gasagzavnad mzad ar aRmoCdnen.am yvelaferma amerikis sagareo politikur TanamegobrobaSi ganxeTqileba gaaRrmava, gazarda ra konfliqti “realistebsa” da “moralistebs” Soris. barak obamas xelisuflebaSi mosvla imas niSnavda, rom ruseTis mimarT aSS-s politika Seicvleboda. sajarod gacxadebuli “gadatvirTvis stra-tegiis” epicentrSi, vaSingtonis mzadyofnaa moskovTan urTierTobebis gaumjobesebisas iseT globalur sakiTxebze moaxdinos koncentracia, rogorebicaa birTvuli arsenalebis Semcireba da iranis ambiciebis Sekaveba, im dros rodesac evrokavSirs post-sabWoTa sivrceSi Seqmnil daZabulobasTan uwevs gamklaveba. axali realoba iseTia, rom aSS evropuli moTamaSe aRar aris, rogoric es “civi omis” dros an 1990-ian wlebSi iyo.ruseTis Tavisufali balansisamxedro TvalsazrisiT ruseTma 2008 wlis omSi gaimarjva, Tumca misi warmateba nawilobriv ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaumarTavi funqcionirebiT Seilaxa. omma vladimer putinis da dimitri medvedevis reJimis legitimuroba ganamtkica, man ruseTis sazogadoebis mxardaWera miiRo da gansakuTrebiT ruseTis im moqalaqeebisTvis, romlebic 1990-iani wlebis movlenebiT dRemde tramvirebulebi arian, es “patara Zlevamosili omi” TiTqmis ocwliani damcirebis Semdeg, sasurveli cvlileba gaxldaT. sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvebma aCvena, rom quCaSi mozardebic ki saqarTvelos da amerikis SeerTebul Statebs ruseTis mTavar

mtrebad miiCneven. garda amisa, omis Sedegad, saqarTvelos da ukrainis nato-Si gawevrianebis perspeqtiva uaxloes aTwleulebSi faqtobrivad mTlianad ganadgurda. imavdroulad, ruseTis mtkice samxedro reaqcias strategiuli danakargebic mohyva. omma kavkasia ufro usafrTxo ver gaxada. ruseTis mier samxreT-oseTis da afxazeTis damoukideblobis aRiarebam (erTaderTi qveyana, romelmac igive gaakeTa nikaragua iyo) regionSi arastabilurobis safrTxe gazarda. inguSeTis msgavs adgilebSi politikuri mkvlelobebis ricxvi gaizarda, rac regionis mzardi arakontrolirebadobis demonstrirebas axdens. rusi analitikosi nikolai petrovi amtkicebs, rom CeCneTis prezidenti ramzan kadirovi CeCneTisTvis “afxazuri” statusis mopovebisken ixreba. kremlis revizionizmi sxva post-sabWoTa saxelmwifoebma ar moiwones. samxreT-oseTis da afxazeTis aRiarebidan meore dResve ruseTma aRmoaCina, rom is totalur diplomatiur izolaciaSi imyofeboda.es imaze mianiSnebs, rom istoriis morigi damaxinjebis mcdelobis gamo, ruseTma saqarTveloSi mogebisgan SeiZleba imaze meti dakargos, vidre 2003-2005 wlis “feradi revoluciebis” dros dakarga. im dros ruseTma saqarTvelosa da ukrainaSi misi prestiJi da mdgomareoba dakarga, magram amas imiT upasuxa, rom post-sabWoTa sivrcis avtoritarul liderebTan saerTo interesebi gamonaxa, ramac mas regionis zogierT nawilze gavlenis gazrdis saSualeba misca. Tumca amasac Tavis fasi aqvs: axla, rodesac ruseTi aSkarad revizionist zesaxelmwifod gadaiqca, romelsac misi mezoblebi ufrTxian da upirispirdebian, moskovis poziciam da ritorikam (imis mtkicebis CaTvliT, rom is post-sabWoTa saxelmwifoebSi Tavisi Tanamemamuleebis interesebs icavs) safuZvelSive Secvala “axlo sazRvargareTSi” rusuli umciresobebisadmi damokidebuleba. kremlma samxreT-oseTis da afxazeTis damoukidebloba erTi mkafio miznisTvis aRiara, raTa “ormag standartebze daengria dasavleTis monopolia.” qmedeba, romelic Zalis demonstrireba unda gamxdariyo - da pirdapiri pasuxi dasavleTis mier 2008 wlis TebervalSi kosovos aRiarebaze - sisustis demonstrirebad iqca. realuri sxvaoba “kosovos saqmesa” da “samxreT-oseTis saqmes” Soris is aris, rom


qarTuli

serbeTi imis Semdegac ki, rodesac is nato-s TviTmfrinavebma dabombes (misi azriT ukanonod) da kosovo waarTves, Tavis Tavs Zveleburad nato-s da evrokavSiris wevrad da ara maT mtrad ganixilavs. da aq saqarTvelosTan absoluturi kontrastia: erTaderTi momavali, razec saqarTvelos SeuZlia iocnebos aris is, rom rogorme rusuli gavlenis sferos daSordes. barak obamas TeTr saxlSi mosvla yvelaferze axdens gavlenas da sagareo politikisadmi misma ganaxlebulma midgomam ruseTis, rogorc erovnebaTSorisi anti-amerikuli winaaRmdegobis lideris mimzidveloba Seamcira. axla, rodesac dedamiwaze mravalpolaruli wesrigi damyarda, ruseTs sixarulze metad, SiSis safuZveli aqvs. msoflio finansuri krizisi, romelic amZafrebs energomatareblebsa da Semosavlebis donis vardnas, SeSfoTebis damatebiTi safuZvelia, radgan is asustebs ruseTis ekonomikas da mis sainvesticio mimzidvelobas. 2008-2009 wels “brik”-is (brazilia, ruseTi, indoeTi da CineTi) jgufi “bik”-s plius ruseTad gadaiqca. krizisma msoflioSi CineTis, indoeTisa da braziliis poziciisa da perspeqtivis konsolidacia moaxdina, magram ruseTis zesaxelmwifoebrivi rolis grZelvadian perspeqtivaze, mxolod damatebiTi eWvebi gaaCina. evrokavSiris Tavisufali balansiruseT-saqarTvelos omis Sedegad, kerZod ki misi aqtiuri diplomatiuri qmedebebis wyalobiT, evrokavSirisadmi ndobis reitingi gaizarda. man SesZlo am feTqebadsaSiS situaciaSi urTierTTanxmobis SenarCuneba, misi rogorc Suamavlis pozicia ganamtkica da omis dasrulebisTanave kavkasiaSi da mTel post-sabWoTa sivrceSi ufro aqtiurad da TvalsaCinod ganTavsda. magaliTad, “aRmosavluri partniorob”-is SeTavazeba eqvsi post-sabWoTa respublikisTvis didwilad omis sapasuxo nabiji iyo. magram kavkasiaze evrokavSiris pasuxismgeblobis gazrda, aseve seriozul riskebTanaa da-kavSirebuli, radgan dRevandel dRes kavSirs arc samuSao strategia da arc sazogadoebrivi mxardaWera regionis problemebSi ufro Rrmad CarTvisTvis ar gaaCnia. briuselis an sxva calkeuli wevri-qveynebis mxridan imis dajereba, rom evrokavSiri kavkasiaSi balkaneTis strategias gaimeorebs, iluziaa. qarTvelebis daJinebuli gancxadebebi, rom SeerTebuli Statebi evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misias

SeuerTdes, briusels kritikuli arCevanis gakeTebas aiZulebs: is an “damoukideblad imuSavebs saqarTvelosTan,” riTac ruseTTan daZabulobas Seamcirebs, an kavkasiaSi trans-atlantikur strategias gamoiyenebs. namdvili mogebulebiisini, vinc ruseT-saqarTvelos omis gamo aSkarad moiges, yovel SemTxvevaSi dReisTvis, CineTi da TurqeTi arian. CineTma am omiT isargebla, raTa post-sabWoTa sivrceze misi ekonomikuri gavlenis berketebi politikur gavlenad eqcia. swored CineTi iyo is qveyana, romelmac faqtobrivad gaamxneva post-sabWoTa respublikebi ar eRiarebinaT samxreT-oseTisa da afxazeTis damoukidebloba da moskovis zewolas SewinaaRmdegebodnen. omis da globaluri ekonomikuri krizisis nazavma, Sanhais TanamSromlobis organizacia (STo) im jgufidan sadac moskovi batonobda, gadaaqcia jgufad, sadac wamyvani qveyana CineTia. TurqeTi omidan damoukidebeli regionaluri saxelmwifos rolSi gamovida, romelsac aqvs imis survilic, SesaZleblobac da legitimurobac rom regionis TiTqmis yvela konfliqtSi Suamavlis roli iTamaSos. Turqul-somxuri urTierTobebis daTboba am omis erT-erTi yvelaze pozitiuri Tanmdevi efeqtia. aRsaniSnavia, rom ankaras “rbili Zala” moskovuri versiisgan gansxvavebiT dasavleTTan winaaRmdegobaze ki ar aris awyobili, aramed dasavluri modelis warmatebul adaptaciaze, sakuTari politikuri xasiaTis SenarCunebasa da sakuTari suverenitetisa da erovnuli interesebis dacvaze. Tavis regionalur politikaSi TurqeTi Zalian gonivrulad iyenebs mis mravalricxovan arsobriv Semadgenlebs - musulmanur demokratias, saero musulmanur respublikas, evrokavSiris wevrobis kandidatobas, aSS-s strategiul partniorobas, magram is imavdroulad moqmedebs rogorc damoukidebeli saxelmwifo, romelic sakuTari poziciis dacvisTvis yovelTvis mzadaa. saxelmwifos Senebis dilemaruseT-saqarTvelos omma aCvena, imisTvis rom evropis usafrTxoebis gasaRebi gamovicnoT, unda gavigoT saxelmwifos mSeneblobis mravalferovani da rTuli procesebis logika, rac erTdroulad mTel evraziaSi mimdinareobs. 1990-iani wlebis da Semdgomi evropa am konteqstSi 1960-iani wlebis afrikas mogagonebT. kontinenti saxelmwifos mSeneblobebis uzarmazar moednad gadaiqca. am xnis


qarTuli

“veravin imdeni ver gvavno, verc musulmanurma samyarom, verc monRolebma, sparsebma, ara-

bebma Tu Turqebma, ramdenic “naTesaurma” , erTmorwmuneobrivma kavSirma rusul kultur-

asTan da eklesiasTan.”merab mamardaSvili

filosofosi

ganmavlobaSi ukraina, saqarTvelo da belorusi suverenuli nacionaluri saxelmwifoebis aSenebas cdilobdnen, evrokavSiri - sakuTari post-modernistuli imperiis aSenebas, ruseTi ki Zveleburad sakuTar istoriaSi pirveli neoimperialisturi saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSia. saxelmwifoebis mSeneblobis yvela es mcdelobebi Zalian sariskoa da problemebi gardauvalia. yvela am process Tavisi logika da mTeli rigi daugegmavi Sedegebi mosdevs. 2000 wels, TiTqmis mTeli regionis masStabiT post-sabWoTa respublikebis elita moskovis araenTuziast klientebad an mis mkveTr mowinaaRmdegeebad, titos msgavs pragmatikosebad gadaiqcnen, romlebic gonivrulad iyeneben ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris arsebul daZabulobas, raTa saxelmwifoebis mSeneblobis sakuTari proeqtebi ganamtkicon da gazardon sakuTari Zalaufleba. am saxelmwifoebrivi proeqtebis mravalSrianma logikam suverenitetze sami gansxvavebuli mosazreba gaaCina. pirveli - ufro patara post-sabWoTa respublikebi suverenitets iuridiul terminebSi ganixilaven, isini msoflio TanamegobrobaSi samoqalaqo erebis Tanasworobasusvamen xazs.meore - ruseTi suverenitets ara iuridiul cnebad, aramedSesaZleblobebis problemad ganixilavs, es damatebiT gulisxmobs samxedro Zalis, nacionaluri ekonomikis da kulturuli identobis arsebobas rac imaze miniSnebacaa, rom suverenitetis ufleba mxolod did saxelmwifoebs aqvT.mesame - evrokavSiri suverenitets ganixilavs rogorc “adgils magidasTan,” politikur bileTs saerTo interesebis mqone TanamegobrobaSi mosaxvedrad. suverenitetis am ideebs Soris sxvaobis gageba, evraziis politikaSi bevri araswori varaudis amocnobis saSualebaa. es logika Tavis mxriv gasammagebul winaaRmdegobebSia xorcSesxmuli, romlebic mimdinare evropuli arastabilurobis centrSia, rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: susti da arasworad

funqcionirebadi saxelmwifoebis gavrceleba. is faqti, rom ruseTi sakuTari usafrTxoebis aucilebel pirobad regionze kontrols miiCnevs da is faqtic, rom post-sabWoTa saxelmwifoebis elita sakuTari saxelmwifoebis mSeneblobis mniSvnelovan saSualebad anti-rusul ganwyobebs Tvlian.

rusuli revizionizmis wyaroebiSarSandeli omis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Sedegi ruseTis mier sakuTari revizionistuli statusis urcxvi dadasturebaa. rusuli revizionizmi realobaa, magram is ar gamomdinareobs aRorZinebisa da moskovis imperiuli ambiciebidan.moskovs sul ufro akldeba sakuTari Tavis rwmena da kremlis revizionizmic aqedan modis. swored im dros, rodesac kremli Seecada moskovisTvis msoflio wesrigSi misi roli daebrunebina, ruseTma sakuTari mowyvladoba aRmoaCina.imavdroulad, vladimer putinis ruseTs, teritoriuli daSlisa da msoflioSi misi mniSvnelobis dakargvis eSinia. orive es SiSi kanonzomieria. problema isaa, rom ruseTi mzad araa an ar SeuZlia isini dasavleTTan dialogSi gamoxatos, radgan kremlis azriT SiSebze saubari SesaZloa sisusted iqnas aRqmuli. kremlis mimdinare sagareo politikis ZiriTadi amocanaa, radgan ruseTi Zlieri ar aris, misi sisustis demonstrireba mainc ar moxdes. rogorc vladimer putinma sTqva - “ruseTi an zesaxelmwifo iqneba, an saerTod ar iarsebebs.”fundamenturad mniSvnelovania is sami wyaro, romelTa gamoc ruseTi sakuTar TavSi ar aris darwmunebuli.pirveli - putinis ruseTi, rogorc stalinis sabWoTa kavSiri da ruseTis imperia, martivad dasacavi sazRvrebis ZebniTaa Sepyrobili. uzarmazarma birTvulma arsenalma ruseTs super-saxelmwifos statusi SesZina, magram usafrTxoeba ar Sehmata. meore - sakuTar TavSi rwmenis arqona putinis Taobis ganmsazRvreli maxasiaTebelia, rac


qarTuli

kremlis qmedebebis gasagebad aucilebelia. putinis Taoba sabWoTa kavSiris ngreviT Camoyalibda. rusuli elita gaJRenTilia am TiTqmis mistikuri gancdiT. absoluturi usafrTxoebis ZiebaSi putinis elita TiTqmis araracionalurad iqceva. mesame - moskovi Tanamedrove msoflio wesrigis bunebas, romelic mzard ekonomikur da politikur urTierTdamokidebulebazea agebuli, seriozuli eWviT uyurebs. swored sakuTar TavSi rwmenis ar qonis gancda, romelsac elitac da sazogadoebac iziareben, ruseTis msoflmxedvelobas ayalibebs. evrokavSiris gaurkvevlobis wyaroebievrokavSiris problema ara sakuTari Tavis rwmenis deficiti, aramed gaurkvevlobaa: gaurkvevloba sakuTar rolze msoflioSi da im modelis momavalze, romelsac is warmoadgens. axla, rodesac ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Sedegad, evrokavSiri kavkasiaSi politikuri moTamaSe gaxda, Zalian mniSvnelovania mis winaSe arsebuli dilemis axsna. evrokavSiri ramdenime cecxls Sua aRmoCnda: is Ria unda darCes axali wevrebisTvis (misi “rbili Zalis” arsi amaSi mdgomareobs), politikuri zewoliT unda gansazRvros “evropis saboloo sazRvrebi da kari daxuros (es misi moqalaqeebis umravlesobis survilia). evrokavSiri istoriul kvanZSi gaeba, sadac misi gafarToebis warmateba misi mosaxleobis mxridan winaaRmdegobas awydeba.berZenma diplomatma da politologma aleqs rondosma evrokavSiris dilema SesaniSnavad aRwera, aRniSna ra rom amerikasa da evropas Soris sxvaoba iseTivea, rogoric sxvaoba misioners da monazons Soris, rodesac misioneri samyaroSi mogzaurobs da Tavis rwmenaze maqsimalurad bevri adamianis moqcevas cdilobs, monazons ki surs samyaro Tavis monasterSi Seiyvanos. amerika misi misioneruli mgznebarebis gareSe amerika ar iqneboda, magram evrokavSiri Tavis identobas dakargavs Tuki axalbedebs monasterSi Sesasvlel kars dauxuravs. evrokavSiris gaurkvevlobis kidev erTi wyaro geopolitikuri konteqstis cvalebadi bunebaa. im faqtis miuxedavad, rom bolo wlebSi evropa amerikis erTpolaruli samyaros erT-erT yvelaze mkacr kritikosad iqca, realurad amerikul samyaros evropuli proeqtisadmi sakmaod gulTbili damokidebuleba aqvs, amasTanave evrokavSirma amerikuli erTpolarulobisgan bevri ram moigo. amerikuli hegemoniis wyalobiT, evrokavSiri msoflios

scenaze did supersaxelmwifod warsdga. amerikis mier SeTavazebuli usafrTxoebis qolgam, evrokavSirs saSualeba misca msoflio zesaxelmwifo gamxdariyo realuri samxedro siZlieris mopovebis gareSe. axla es yvelaferi Seicvleba. samyaro, romelic Cven vicodiT, gaqra. amerikis hegemonia dasrulda da evropas axali da naklebad gulTbili samyaros pirispir mouwevs yofna. axal post-amerikul samyaroSi, saerTaSoriso scenaze, rogorc sCans tradiciuli, me-19 saukunis msoflmxedvelobis mqone zesaxelmwifoebi ibatoneben, romelTa warmodgenebic briuselis konsesusisgan fundamenturad gansxvavdeba. me-19 saukunis msoflmxedvelobis dabruneba evropas msoflio scenaze iZulebiT moTamaSed aqcevs da kidev ufro xazs usvams mis gaurkvevel damokidebulebas gare samyarosa da masSi sakuTari Tavis rolisadmi. dakrZalvis SemdegruseT-saqarTvelos omis Sefasebisas, Cven erT kiTxvas unda gavceT pasuxi: gvaZlevs ki am omis Semdeg dabadebuli samyaro ukeTess Sanss legitimuri da samarTliani evropuli wesrigis Sesaqmnelad, Tu piriqiT, is am wesrigis miRwevas naklebad SesaZlebels xdis? am kiTxvaze ori SesaZlo pasuxi arsebobs: ukiduresad pesimisturi da zomierad optimisturi. pesimistebi imis mtkicebas daiwyeben, rom ruseT-saqarTvelos omis umniSvnelo movlenad gadaqceviT, dasavleTi kremls axalisebs misi “warmateba” post-sabWoTa sivrcis sxva adgilebSic gaimeoros - da amiT evropul wesrigze imedebs iluziad aqcevs.optimistebi ufro im mosazrebisken ixrebian, rom ruseT-saqarTvelos omiT erTdroulad ori proeqti CaiSala: ruseTis mcdeloba evropaSi gavlenis sferoebis politika aRedgina da dasavleTis mcdeloba aeSenebina evropa ruseTis gareSe.Tuki pesimistebi marTlebi arian, Cven xangrZlivi Ramis adreul stadiaSi vimyofebiT. Tuki optimistebis mosazrebaa swori, am ori proeqtis gardacvaleba imas niSnavs, rom dRes swored is droa, rom mesame proeqtis SemuSavebaze daviwyoT fiqri.

www.foreignpress.ge

10 4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009

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“Camokvarcxlbekdi soselo” _ swored es warwera gaukeTa goreli studentebis jgufma stalinis Zegls ramdenime dRis win, gorSi pompezurad aRniSnuli omis wlisTavidan meore dRes. aqciis idea, mis realobad qcevamde ramdenime dRiT adre gaCnda saqarTveloSi popularul sait “feisbuqis” momxmareblebs Soris da male xorcic Seesxa. am ideisadmi solidaruli adamianebi gorSi Tbilisidanac Camovidnen. zogma transfarantebi gaSala, zogma ki CrdilSi darCena da Tvalis Soriaxlodan devneba arCia. oci studentis aqcias da gansakuTrebiT gorelebisTvis mgrZnobiare Temaze Sexebas incidentebis gareSe ar Cauvlia. aqciis monawileebs avtomanqanebis mZRolebic gamoexmaurnen, oRond avtomanqanis gaCerebisa da iqidan gadmosvlis gareSe – sityvierad mouwodes isotria eswavlaT axalgazrdebs. konkretulad ra istorias gulisxmobdnen, bunebrivia ar daukonkretebiaT. studentebma arc is ician, amaSi gulisxmobdnen kompartiis, sabWoTa kavSiris, Tu saqarTvelos istorias. rac Seexeba warweras “Camokvarcxlbekdi soselo”,

es aqciis dasrulebidan ramdenime wuTSi mocilda Zegls. adgilobrivi komunisturi partiis liderma, aleko lursmanaSvilma jer aqciis msvlelobis dros scada am sityvebis Zeglidan waSla, Semdeg ki benzinSi dasvelebuli Cvari moitana da Camorecxa warwera. “rac Seexeba studentebis azrs, Cven demokratiul qveyanaSi vcxovrobT. demokratiis umaRlesi gamoxatuleba isaa, rom Cven gansxvavebuli azri unda movisminoT, magram gaviziarebT mas Tu ara, amas gadawyvets im mosaxleobis umravlesoba, romelic gorSi cxovrobs,”_ acxadebs aleko lursmanaSvili.unda iTqvas, rom Zeglis aReba-ar aRebasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi mkveTrad araerTgvarovania. erTni stalins, rogorc diqtators da sisxlismsmels aRiqvamen, meoreni ki mas uniWieres mTavarsardlad da saxelmwifo mmarTvelad miiCneven da meti konkretulobisTvis, dasZenen, rom swored aseTi mmarTveli sWirdeba dRes saqarTvelos. Temis ganxilvas imdenad Rrma xasiaTi mieca, rom amisTvis radio “Tavisuflebis” saitma mis momxmareblebs “farTic” ki dauTmo. swored aq SegiZliaT gaecnoT da monawileoba miiRoT diskusiaSi am sakiTxze, aseve CaerToT gamokiTxvaSi da daafiqsiroT, sad girCevniaT ixiloT stalinis Zegli: iq, sadac is amJamad aris; saWiroa misi

stalinis monume nti - b erlinis k edlis n awili?

ganadgureba; upriania misi gadatana muzeumis teritoriaze Tu saerTod sxvagan. pasuxis gacema visac gauWirdeba, maTTvisac aris Sesabamisi Rilaki, Tumca unda iTqvas, rom am dromde igi gamokiTxulTa mxolod 1,3%-ma gamoiyena. umravlesoba am dromde mxars uWers Zeglis muzeumis teritoriaze gadatanas, romelic aseve gorSi, Zeglidan 200 metris moSorebiTaa. stalinis Zeglis kvarcxlbekidan moxsnas aseve mxars uWers saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis ministri nikoloz rurua. igi miiCnevs, rom sakuTar istorias ver waSli da es arcaa saWiro, ubralod yvelafers Tavisi saxeli unda daerqvas. radio “Tavisuflebis” Jurnalistma goga afciaurma aseve gaavrcela saintereso kadrebi, sadac Cans, rom gorSi erT-erTi akreditirebuli umaRlesi saswavleblis reqtori, romelic amavdroulad erT-erTi opoziciuri partiis adgilobrivi lidericaa, midis stalinis muzeumSi, dgeba stalinis Zeglis win, iwers pirjvars da uyveba sxvadasxva ambavs, elaparakeba. aqciis organizatori studentebi ki ambobdnen,

21 agvistos, RamiT stalinis Zegli ucnob pirebs wiTeli feris saRebaviT gauwuwavT.

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rom goris yvela macxovrebeli ase ar fiqrobs da ubralod sircxvilia gaaRmerTo is adamiani, romelic saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ideis mteri iyo, anda ubralod, pativi sce mas. isini stalins hitleris msgavs politikur moRvawed ganixilaven. “moaSoreT aqedan saqarTvelos sircxvili”, “stalinis Zegli gorSi igivea, rac hitleris Zegli ierusalimSi” da sxva msgavsi transfatarntebiT gamovidnen studentebi gorSi. isini ambobdnen imasac, rom stalini ruseTis federaciis premier-ministris, putinis ideuri mamaa. aqciis monawileebs zogierTi gamvleli imas umtkicebda, rom stalinis Zeglis xelis xleba ar SeiZleba imis gamo, rom igi goreli iyo da Zlevamosili imperia Seqmna. “berlinSi naxavT hitleris Zegls? ver naxavT imis gamo, rom germanelebs rcxveniaT mesame raixis, rcxveniaT holokostis, daxocili ebraelebisa da boSebis. stalinma gacilebiT meti adamiani daxoca, gacilebiT meti adamiani moaTavsa sakoncentracio banakSi. axla me gekiTxebiT Tqven, ratom unda viamayoT staliniT imgvarad, rom mis sicocxleSi qalaqis centrSi aRmarTuli Zegli SevinarCunoT? iqneb amgvari siamayis Sedegia is, rom yvela CvenganSi patara

stalini cocxlobs, romelic gvaiZulebs imas, rom ar SeviwynaroT gansxvavebuli azri, kritikulad ganwyobil Jurnalists davxvdeT da fizikurad gavuswordeT. devna gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis mqone adamianis mimarT sxva araferia, Tu ara msubuqi stalinuri meTodi. ratom ar SeinarCunes germanelebma hitleris monumenti germaniaSi, ar fiqrobdnen sakuTar istoriaze? germanelebma es gaakeTes imisTvis, rom ar waexalisebinaT neofaSizmi. germaniaSi sajaro adgilas mesame raixis himnis simRerac ki akrZalulia. aramc Tu hitleris Zegls ver aRmarTavs germaniaSi vinme, holokostis arsebobis uaryofa an gamarTlebac ki danaSaulad iTvleba iq. axla warmoidgineT, igive kanoni rom moqmedebdes saqarTveloSi, ramden adamians daekisreba minimum sisxlis samarTlebrivi jarimebi im safuZvliT, rom isini amarTleben 1937 wels. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom stalins 1937 welze ufro mastSaburi represiebi aqvs Catarebuli. germaniis magaliTze imedia gipasuxeT SekiTxvaze: civilizebul samyaroSi acocxleben Tu ara Zeglebi despotur reJimebs,”_ ambobs giorgi gociriZe, aqciis erT-erTi monawile.nino dalaqiSvili

i s t o r i a

m e f e d a v i T I V

a R m a S e n e b e l i

q a r T v el i m x e d a rT m T a v r e b i

gagrZeleba(dasawyisi me-3 nomerSi)

1106 wels daviT mefem daiwyo Tavisi aRmSeneblobiTi moRvaweobis gvirgvinis – gelaTis monastris mSenebloba. „moigona aRSeneba monastrisa da daamtkica adgilsa yovlisa Suenierisa da yovliTurT unaklosa, romelsa Sina viTarca meore cai gardaaTxia taZari yovladwmidisa da ufrosad kurTxeulisa dedisa RmrTisa“. daviTma monasters didZali

ganZi da omebSi mopovebuli nadavli Seswira, amasTanave, „Semoikribna kacni patiosanni cxovrebiTa da Semkuli yovliTa saTnoebiTa, ara TvisTa oden samefoTa Sina povnilni, aramed qveyanisa kideTaT, sadaca esma vieTme siwminde, sikeTe, sisrule, sulierTa da xorcielTa saTnoebiTa aRsavsoba, iZia da keTilad gamoiZia, moiyvana da daamkvidra mas Sina“. ase daudo


qarTuli

safuZveli umaRles saswavlebels – „gelaTis akademias“. aq moRvaweobdnen: ioane petriwi, Teofile xuces-monazoni, ioane tariWis Ze, arsen iyalToeli. marTlmorwmuneobisa da sibrZnis kera iqca „yovlisa aRmosavleTisa meore ierusalimad, saswavlod yovlisa keTilisad, moZRvrad swavlulebisad, sxvad aTinad“.

kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebis Semdeg, daviTma qvemo qarTlze daiwyo Seteva. mTlianad qvemo qarTli qalaq TbilisiTurT TurqTa saTareSo asparezad iyo qceuli. aq iyo Tavmoyrili maTi didi Zala da oxrdeboda es mxare. daviTma daiwyo brZola qvemo qarTlisaTvis, magram ara Tbilisidan, sadac mtris umTavresi Zalebi iyo. man Tbiliss samxreTidan Semouara da 1110 wels aiRo TurqTa erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sayrdeni pun qti cixe-qalaqi samSvilde. samSvildes dakargviT Tavzardacemulma Turqebma „umravlesni cixeni somxiTisani dautevnes, da RamiT meot iqmnnes, da Cuen Tana moiTualnes igini“.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, amas mohyva sulTnis laSqris sapasuxo Semoseva. Turqebi SeumCnevlad Semoiparnen, magram daviTi maT winaaRmdeg dauyovnebliv gamovida da TrialeTSi mteri daamarcxa. amis Semdeg jeri rusTavze midga, romelic 1115 wels waarTves Turqebs.

qvemo qarTlis paralelurad daviTi saqarTvelos ukiduresi samxereT-dasavleTi da samxreT-aRmosavleTi kuTxeebisTvisac ibrZoda. 1116 wels man taoSi dabanakebul Turqebs Seutia da gadareka saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan.

kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebis Semdeg saqarTvelo uSualod daumezoblda Sarvans. amieridan Sarvanis SahebTan urTierTobas didi yuradReba eTmoba daviT mefis sagareo politikaSi. 1116 wels taodan Turqebis gandevnis Semdeg, daviTma “asuli Tvisi kata gagzavna saberZneTs sZlad berZenTa mefisad. rameTu pirvelad amissa pirmSo asuli Tvisi Tamari gaegzavna dedoflad Sarvanisa, raTa viTarca ori mnaTobi – erTi aRmosavleTs, xolo meore dasavleTs – ciskrovan hyofdnen samefosa, mamisagan mimRebelni mzeebrTa SaravandedTani”. saqarTvelos mefis es nabiji miznad isaxavda Sarvan SahTan SeTanxmebas da mis gadmobirebas selCukTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. aseve cdilobdnen Sarvan Sahebis gadabirebas selCuki sulTanebic, radgan im brZolaSi, romelic qarTvelebsa da selCukebs Soris mwifdeboda, Sarvanis pozicias didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. rogorc Cans, daviTma Sarvan Sahi sabolood mainc ver gadmoibira da 1117 wlidan

mis winaaRmdeg brZola daiwyo. u S u a l o d S a r v a n z e galaSqrebamde daviTma daipyro hereTis cixe-q alaqi g iSi , romelic TurqTa mokavSireobiT i n a r C u n e b d a s a q a r T v e l o s m e f i s g a n d a m o u k i d e b -

lobas. amiT damTavrda hereTis SemoerTeba.hereTis sabolood SemoerTebis Semdeg

daviT aRmaSenebelma ukve Sarvans Seutia, sadac Tavisi Ze – demetre gagzavna, romelmac aiRo cixe-qalaqi qalaZori da ukan Zlevamosili dabrunda.

1118 wels daviT mefe raxsis napirze dabanakebul Turqebs daesxa Tavs da daamarcxa. imave wels aiRo man cixe-qalaqebi lore da agarani, riTac daamTavra qvemo qarTlis SemoerTeba.

1118-1119 wlebSi daviT aRmaSenebelma kidev erTi samxedro reforma gaatara. man Crdilo kavkasiidan 40 000 yivCaRis ojaxi gadmoasaxla saqarTveloSi. gadmosaxlebul yivCaRebs mis-ces miwis nakveTebi, sazafxulo da sazamTro saZovrebi, uzrunvelyves ekonomikurad, ris sanacvlod yovel ojaxs erTi SeiaraRebuli molaSqris gamoyvana daevala. yovCaRTa 40 000 molaSqre mTlianad mefeze iyo damokidebuli da ar iyo dakavSirebuli feodalTa klasTan. es did upiratesobas aniWebda mefes, amieridan saqarTvelos mefe naklebad iyo damokidebuli feodalur laSqarze.

daviTis arCevani yivCaRebze SeCerda imis gamo, rom isini saqarTveloSi karg meomrebad iyvnen cnobilni. daviTma “uwyoda keTilad yivCaRTa neTesavisa simravle, da wyobaTa Sina simxne, sisubuqe da mimosvla sificxe mimarTebisa”. amas garda, daviTs colad hyavda yivCaRTa mTavris asuli, rac xels uwyobda siZe-simamars Soris SeTanxmebas.

daviTma saqarTvelos saxelmwifo laSqari gastumrebis axal wesze gadaiyvana. manmade xdeboda samxedro alafad mopovebuli nadavlis ganawileba molaSqreTa Soris. daviTma es akrZala da samagierod laSqars saxelmwifo istumrebda “ulufiTa da sargoTi” anu jamagiriT.

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qarTuli1120 wlis Tebervals daviTma aiRo

Sarvanis qalaqi yabala, dabrunda qarTls, Sekriba axali Zalebi da maisSi Sarvanis Sida teritoriebis dasarbevad gaemarTa. rogorc Cans, daviTma amasTanave Sarvanis winaaRmdeg aamxedra darubandis mmarTveli. Sarvan Sahsa da darubandels Soris brZolaSi Sarvan Sahi mokles da amis Semdeg, Sarvanis taxtze saqarTvelos mefis sasurveli kandidati avida, romelic saqarTvelos mefis erTguli iyo.

yovelmxriv ganimtkica ra mdgomareoba, daviTi 1120 wels TurqTa winaaRmdeg gadamwyvet Setevaze gadavida.

daviTis istorikosi mis erT-erT sabrZolo xerxs gvamcnobs: mefes, TurqTa mstovarni “zeda adgian” da “eZebdian gzaTa misTa”, selCukTa sifxizlis modunebis mizniT, daviTi gadadis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, misi siSoriT guldamSvidebuli mteri iwyebs saqarTvelos sazRvrebis rbevas, ris Semdegac mefe maT zamTarSi moulodnelad Tavs esxmis da amarcxebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1120 wlidan iwyeba Seusvenebeli brZola TurqTa winaaRmdeg.

erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, 1120 wlis Tebervlidan 1121 wlis ivnisamde brZola ar Sewyvetila. Turq-selCukebi TavianT poziciebs TavgamodebiT icavdnen saqarTvelos misadgomebTan da qarTvelebic gamudmebuli ieriSebiT erekebodnen mters sayrdeni punqtebidan. amasTanave, saqarTvelos mefe energiulad utevda da aviwroebda did qalaqebs.

qarTuli da arabuli wyaroebis cnobiT, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg sulTnis gankargulebiT koaliciuri laSqroba moewyo nejem ed-din il-Razis meTaurobiT. TurqTa mxedrobas Tbilisis TurqTa garnizonic SeuerTda da selCukTa laSqari saqarTveloSi manglis-TrialeTis gziT Semovida. 1121 wlis 10 agvistosTvis, rogorc varaudoben, mtris daaxloebiT 300 000-ianma laSqarma Tavi moiyara manglis-didgorSi. TurqTa laSqris aq ganlageba ganpirobebuli iyo saqarTveloSi selCukTa batonobis aRdgenisa da Tbilisis gamagrebis mizniT. mefis erT-erTi rezidencia didgorSi iyo; aqedan iketeboda gza qarTlis Suaguli raionebisa da Tbilisisaken.

daviTma brZolis velze 40 000 qarTveli molaSqre gamoiyvana, 15 000 yivCaRi, agreTve osTa daqiravebuli 500 kaciani razmi da daaxloebiT 100 “frangi” (jvarosanTa razmi). rogorc Cans, am mniSvnelovan brZolaSi gamarjvebis mTavari imedi daviTma sakuTriv qaarTul laSqarze daamyara. rac Seexeba jvarosanTa

razmis monawileobas am brZolaSi, garda wminda samxedro mniSvnelobisa, garkveuli simboluri da politikuri datvirTva hqonda.

qarTvelTa laSqari niCbisis xevSi dabanakda. daviTma ukan dasaxevi gza Caxerga. laSqris ZiriTad nawils, romelsac brZola pirvels unda mieRo, daviTi sardlobda, danarCeni nawili daviTis vaJis – demetres sardlobiT, mTas iyo amofarebuli da moulodnelad, mtrisTvis iqedan unda daertya.

daviTma brZolis dawyebis win laSqars sityviT mimarTa; samSoblos dasacavad Tavganwiruli brZolisken mouwoda da ukan daxevis SesaZleblobebis arqonac Seaxsena.

brZolis dawyebas saistorio wyaroebi gansxvavebulad gadmogvcemen. selCukebma Tavis nacad xerxs mimarTes da fsiqiuri zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad xmauri atexes. didi mxedarTmTavari daviTi Tavis molaSqreebs amSvidebda da mtris moaxloebas eloda. daviTma taqtikur xerxs mimarTa, brZolis dawyebis win qarTvelTa mxirdan 200 mxedari mtris banakisken gaemarTa. mahmadianebs isini moRalateebi egonaT da Tavis banakSi SeuSves, sadac maT erTbaSad brZolis yiJina dasces. mtris banakSi areuloba daiwyo. am dros saqarTvelos laSqarma mters ori mxirdan Seutia – dasavleTidan daviTi, xolo didgoris mTidan demetre gadavida Setevaze.

sisxlismRvreli brZola sam saaTs gagrZelda. mteri Sedrka da gaiqca.

qarTvelebma didgoris velze 12 agvistos brwyinvale gamarjveba moipoves.

daviT mefe ar dakmayofilebula brZolis velze mopovebuli gamarjvebiT. qarTvelebma fexdafex sdies ukuqceul mters da ukve maT mier dakavebul miwa-wyalze anadgurebdnen mtris ukanasknel razmebs. Turq-selCukTa zarali sagrZnobi iyo. qarTvelebma SedarebiT mcire msxverpliT SeZles am didi warmatebis mopoveba. udidesi iyo nadavli iaraR-saWurvelis, Zvirfasi nivTebis, tyveebis, samxedro droSebisa da sxva saxiT, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvvelovani iyo qalaq hilas mbrZaneblis, qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT “arabTa mefis”, dubeis sadayasZes Zvirfasi qvebiT moWedili da misi siZlieris simboluri gamomxatveli yelsabami (“oqros maniaki”), romelic daviTma gamarjvebis niSnad gelaTis monasters Seswira.

didgoris velze gamarjveba qarTveli xalxis Tavganwirulma brZolam, daviTis didma samxedro niWma, brZolis adgilisa da mtris laSqris Semadgenlobis moxerxebulad gamoyenebam da

1� 4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009

qarTuli

brZolis taqtikurma xerxma ganapiroba. am omma cxadyo, rom saqarTvelos saxiT maxlobel aRmosavleTis mahmadianur samyaros seriozuli metoqe gamouCnda.

didgoris brZolis Semdeg daviTma gezi Tbilisisken aiRo. qalaqis bedi faqtobrivad gadawyvetili iyo, magram Tbilisis mosaxleoba sakuTar damoukideblobas ubrZolvelad ar Tmobda. qarTvelTa laSqarma didi brZolis Semdeg, 1122 wels Tbilisi aiRo. “aiRo mefeman qalaqi tfilisi pirvelsave omsa, oTxas wel qonebuli sparsTa, da daumkvidra SvilTa TvisTa saWurWled da saxlad Tvisad saukunod”. daviT aRmaSenebelma saqarTvelos samefos dedaqalaqi quTaisidan TbilisSi gadaitana, gaauqma qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba da Tbilisi mefis moxeles dauqvemdebara.

Tbilisis damorCilebis Semdeg jeri qalaq dmanisze midga. 1123 wels daviTma “aiRo qalaqi dmanisi”.

dasrulda qarTveli xalxis brZola qarTuli miwebis saboloo gaerTianebisaTvis. Tbilisisa da dmanisis SemoerTebiT saqarTvelom selCukTa ukanaskneli dasayrdeni punqtebi SemoierTa.

didgoris gamarjvebam SesaZlebeli gaxada saqarTvelos farglebs gareT saomari operaciebis gatana. amis Semdeg iwyeba gadamwyveti brZola Sarvanisa da somxeTisaTvis, brZola CrdiloeT kavkasiisaTvis, romelic rogorc samxedro-strategiul, iseve ekonomikur miznebs isaxavda. Tu erTis mxriv, samxreTisken gasvla iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvrebis dacva, meores mxriv, igi somxeTze, darubandsa da sxva teritoriebze gamavli didi savaWro gzebis dauflebas niSnavda, riTac saqarTvelos gza exsneboda msoflio savaWro magistralebisaken.

daviT aRmaSenebelis mier Tbilisis aRebas axlo aRmosavleTis selCukma mbrZaneblebma axali laSqrobiT upasuxes. 1123 wels sulTani mahmudi saqarTvelos mokavSire SarvanSi SeiWra. sulTanma Seipyro Sarvan Sahi, aiRo Samaxia da daviTs SemouTvala: “Sen tyveTa mefe xar da vera odes gamoxval velTa, xolo me ese-ra Sarvan-Sah Sevipyar xelTa da xarajasa viTxov. Sen Tu genebos, ZRueni jerovani gamogzavne, da Tu ginda samalavTaT gamoved da mnaxeo.”

daviT mefem SamaxiaSi dabanakebuli sulTnis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra da daamarcxa, Tumca aRmaSenebelma ver isargebla am mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos laSqarSi yivCaRebsa da qarTvelebs Soris arsebuli uTanxmoebis gamo. igi verc gaqceul sulTans daedevna da verc Sarvani aiRo.

erTi wlis Semdeg, 1124 wlis ivnisSi, xelmeored ilaSqra Sarvanze da “aRiRo gulistani, saxli Tavadi Sarvanisa, sicxeTa maT saSineliTa, moirTo Sarvani da aRavsna keTilTa yovelni morCilni brZanebiTa misTani”.

amrigad, daviTma Sarvanidan Turqebi gandevna, magram mis Semosamtkiceblad marto es ar kmaroda, saWiro iyo qveynis dapyroba. Sarvanis mosaxleobis qristianuli nawili saqarTvelos mefes uWerda mxars, xolo mahmadianuri nawili sulTans sTxovda dacvas. aseTi mowinaaRmdege dajgufebis arsebobis pirobebSi Sarvanis ymadnaficoba daviTisTvis urTierTobis misaRebi forma ar iyo, amitom saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTvis mtkice poziciebis Se-saqmnelad, daviTi SarvanSi ikavebs mTavar cixeebs, sikeTiT avsebs momxreebs da darubands laSqrobs. 1124 wlis aprilSi daviTi miemarTeba “Saburans darubandelTa”, xolo Semdeg aiRo “Sarvanisa cixeni Rasanni da xazaondi da mimdgomi maTi queyana”.

1124 wels daviTi SarvanisaTvis brZolas ganagrZobs da aiRo “srulad yoveli Sarvani”. daviTma iq Tavisi laSqari Caayena da Tavisive marTvelebi daniSna. “dautevna cixeTa da qalaqTa Sina laSqarni didni, herni da kaxni. da ganmgeblad da zedamxedvelad yovelTa saqmeTa mandaurTa aCina mwignobarTuxucesi Tavisi svimon, Wyondideli mTavarepiskoposi, maSin bedile-alaverdeli”.

SarvanisaTvis warmoebuli brZolis paralelurad mimdinareobda brZola somxeTisTvis. 1124 wlis maisSi daviT meoTxem gailaSqra somxeTSi da aiRo “cixeni somxiTisani” gagi, teronakali, qavazinni, norbedi, manasgomni da talinjaqari. 1124 wlis 20 agvistos daviTTan movidnen qalaq anisis didgvarovnebi da qalaqis dakaveba sTxoves. daviTma icoda, rom miuxedavad miwvevisa, aneli Sedadidebi ubrZolvelad ar daTmobdnen qalaqs, amitom brZolisaTvis saTandod moemzada. 60 aTasiani mxedrobiT miadga aniss, daipyro qalaqic da misi midamoebic, xolo anisis amira daatyveva. anisis Semdeg daviT aRmaSenebelma gaaTavisufla vanandisa da araratis provinciebi da selCukTa mier dapyrobili somxeTis didi nawili saqarTvelos SemouerTa.

mefis xelisuflebis TviTmpyrobelobisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda samefo xelisuflebis memkvidreobisa da mefed kurTxevis wess.

saqarTvelos mefeebi cdilobdnen da-


qarTuli

ekanonebinaT ufrosi vaJiSvilisaTvis taxtis gadacemis tradicia da amitom TavianT memkvidreebs sicocxleSive Tanamosaydred acxadebdnen da amefebdnen. mefis kurTxevis ceremonialSi xazgasmuli iyo mefis xelisuflebis damokidebuleba feodalebisadmi, rac TviTmpyrobeluri xelisuflebis ganmtkicebis gzaze Semdgari mefisTvis misaRebi ar iyo.

daviTma Tavisi vaJi demetre TviTon akurTxa mefed – “daadga gvirgvini TviT misiTa xeliTa” da TviTon “Seartya welTa ZlierTa maxvili”.

daviTis droidan wesad SemoRebuli mefis mier memkvidris kurTxeva, TviTmpyrobeluri xelisuflebis gamovlinebis erT-erTi TvalnaTeli magaliTi iyo.

daviT meoTxe xalxis warmodgenaSi is pirovneba iyo, romelmac saqarTvelo sabolood gaaerTiana, qveyana gaaTavisufla damproblebisagan, vinc mezobeli qveynebi sakuTar “Crdilsa queSe” Sehyara. misi Rvawli saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobisa da kulturuli ganviTarebis saqmeSi xalxma erTi sityviT gamoxata da aRmaSenebeli uwoda. daviT aRmaSenebels ekuTvnis mSvenieri poeturi qmnileba – “galobani sinanulisani”.

1125 wlis 24 ianvars 53 wlis asakSi daviT meoTxe aRmaSenebli gardaicvala. imefa 36 weli da misi mefobis xana saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis sxva xalxebis istoriaSi Sevida, rogorc didi gardatexis periodi – politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli aRmavlobis xana. daviT mefe iwodeboda “mesiis maxvilad” da mefed “afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa, SarvanSah da SahinSah da yovlis aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa TviTmpyroblobiT mpyrobelTa”. qveynis aRmSenebeli mefe dakrZales mis mierve agebul da samefo saZvaled dadgenil gelaTis monasterSi. qvis filaze, romelic monastris Zvel, CrdiloeTis Sesasvlelis iatakzea dagebuli, aseTi warweraa: “ese ars gansasvenebeli Cemi ukuniTi ukunisamde; ese mTnavs: aqa davemkvidro me”.

qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier daviT meoTxe wmindanadaa Seracxuli.

momzadebulia telekompania „saqarTvelos” proeqt „mTavarsardlis”

literaturuli scenaris mixedviTavtori levan umikaSvili

hhh

r e l i g i am a r i a m o b a

„yovladdidebulo da maradis qalwulo, dedao qristes RmrTisao, miarTvi locva Cveni Zesa Sensa da RmerTsa Cvensa, raTa acxovnnes sulni Cvenni“. am locviT mivmarTavT yovel diliT marTlmadidebeli qristianebi yovladwminda RvTismSobels da vTxovT mfarvelobasa da Semweobas. uwmindesi qalwuli iwodeba rogorc dedad RvTisa aseve dedad yovelTa qristianeTa.

28 agvistos mTeli marTlmadidebluri samyaro aRniSnavs yovladwminda RvTismSoblis miZinebas. am dRes qalwuli mariami warsdga

Tavisi Zis winaSe da mTelma kacobriobam misi saxiT udidesi meoxi da mfarveli SeiZina. miZineba udidesi dResaswaulia. mas ar vuwodebT arc sikvdils, arc gardacvalebas. RvTismSobelma miiZina da ise wavida am qveynidan, Tumca is rCeba Cvens meoxad da mfarvelad. deda RvTisa gardaicvala adamianiviT, magram is ufalma TavisTan aiyvana. rogorc viciT, mosalodneli netari miZinebis sasixarulo ambavi RvTismSobelma winaswar Seityo. mas mTavarangelozi gabrieli gamoecxada da amcno, rom misi zecaSi aRsvlis dro axlovdeboda da


qarTuli

rom es movlena sami dRis Semdeg aRsruldeboda. deda RvTisam mSvidad daiwyo mzadeba miZinebisaTvis, erTad mouxmo mociqulebs da ase gamoemSvidoba maT: „mivdivar Cems ZesTan da ufalTan, Cems sxeuls geTsemaniaSi gadaitanT, iq dakrZalavT da Tqvenzed dakisrebul qadagebas ganagrZobT, xolo Tu ufali inebebs, miZinebis Semdeg isev mixilavT”. RvTismSobeli yvelas anugeSebda da aimedebda, rom oblad ar miatovebda qveyanas da Seismenda yvelas locvas vinc mas mimarTavda. deda RvTisam Tavisi sxeulis dakrZalva geTsemaniis gamoqvabulSi ineba, sadac misi mSoblebi da misi ioseb damwindveli ganisvenebdnen. angelozis gamocxadebidan mesame dRes, rodesac mariam RvTismSoblis sarecelTan garSemomyofi mociqulebi ufals ugalobdnen, moulodnelad saxlis Weri gaiRo. TviT ufali ieso qriste moevlina yovladwminda dedas da zeimiTa da zeciuri Zalebis TanxlebiT aiyvana RvTismSoblis suli caTa sasufevelSi. mociqulebi gaxdnen mowmeni rogor avida RvTismSoblis suli uflis xeliT. yvela iq myofi RvTismoSiSebiT Tayvans scemda RvTismSoblis sxeuls. mis sarecelze SexebiT yvela kurnebas iRebda. mociqulebi amqveyniur ganSorebas glovobdnen, magram nugeSs scemdaT is azri, rom zecaSi RvTis winaSe meoxi da mlocveli moipoves.

mariam RvTismSobelma miiZina, raTa netari

maradiuli sicocxlisaTvis gamoeRviZa. is wardgomilia cxovelmyofeli wyaros winaSe, raTa Cveni sulebi ixsnas maradiuli sikvdilisagan. mariamoba anu yovladwminda RvTismSoblis miZineba Tormet sauflo dResaswaulTa Sorisaa, radgan am dRes TviT macxovari miegeba dedas Tvisas da Tavis savaneSi daasaxla igi. mariam RvTismSobelia Suamdgomeli RmerTis winaSe, raTa Cveni sulebi locviT ixsnas maradiuli sikvdilisagan. rogorc mTavarepiskoposi zosime (SioSvili) aRniSnavs, RmerTma „RvTismSobeli CvenTvis Seqmna kibed, romelmac zecas unda agviyvanos Cven mkvidrni qveyanisa da dagvamkvidros ufalTan“. vTxovoT Semweoba da mfarveloba yovladwminda RvTismSobels, gvfaravdes misi madli.

ekaterine cirikaSvili

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Rirsi miqael ulumboeli (VI)

didebuli mowameni arCil mefe (644) da luarsabi (1622)

giorgi mTawmindeli (1065)mRvdelmonazoni kirion II saqarTvelos kaTolokos-patriarqi (1918)

Rirsni mamani Cvenni aTonelni: ioane eqvTimes mama da gabrieli (X)

wminda salome qarTveli, sparsTagan wamebuli (XIII)wminda ilia marTali WavWavaZe (1907)winaswarmetyveli elia Tezbideli (IX saukune qristes Sobamde)

wminda mowame evstaTi mcxeTeli (589)

wminda aRmsarebeli cotne dadiani

cxra Zma xerxeuliZe dediTa da diT da 9000 qarTveli marabdis brZolis velze daRupulni (1625)

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feriscvaleba uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi

Rirsni mamani Cvenni: geronti, serapioni, germane, besarioni, miqaeli, svimoni da oTari _ gareJis monasterSi lekTagan mowyvetilni

wminda mowameni: nazari, quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti; dekanoZi germane, mRvdlebi: ieroTeosi, simoni; mTavardiakoni besarioni (1924) da yovelni axalmowameni, totalitaruli reJimis dros urwmunoTagan wamebulni (XX)

miZineba yovladwmindisa Cvenisa dedoflisa maradis qalwulisa mariamisa

anCisxatoba


qarTuli

s a T v i s t o m o

ase iyo 19 ivlissac, mrevlis arsebobis manZilze yvelaze did dRes, rodesac miunxeneli Tu germaniis sxvadasxva qalaqebidan Camosuli qarTvelebiT gadaWedili eklesia uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos k aTolikos - p atri arq i s SemobrZanebas eloda. „CvenTan ars RmerTi. me mogesamebiT yvelas. did xar Sen ufalo da sakvirveli arian saqmeni Senni. didia ufali da veraviTari goneba ver miswvdeba mis sakvirvelebas.” – mogvesalma patriarqi – “Cven mogvca ufalma iseTi qveyana, r o m e l i c s a n a t re l i a yvelasaTvis. da am qveyanas – saqarTvelos Cven unda movuaroT... me darwmunebuli var, rom yovladwminda RvTismSoblis wilxvedri

saqarTvelo ar daecema. yovladwminda RvTismSoblis w i l x ve d r i s a q a r T ve l o gabrwyindeba.”

Znelia im emociebis sityviT gadmocema, rac patriarqis mier gadaxdil paraklisze daswrebas sdevda Tan. mis dasasruls uwmidesma da unetaresma kvlav mimarTa Tvalcremlian mrevls “me kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas da yvelas gelodebiT saqarTveloSio”.

eklesiis ezoSi trapezi gaiSala, saTvistomosTan arsebuli simRerisa da cekvis gundebi momzadebuli programiT Seegebnen patriarqs. ilia II-m orjer fexze adgomiT mimarTa mrevls, man eklesiis winamZRvari mama Tamazi daloca da Tavisi sixaruli da kmayofileba nanaxis gamo xumrobiT gamoxata: “mama Tamazi wlebis manZilze iyo Cemi sapatriqrqos mosamsaxure da aris Cemi sulieri Svili. me Zalian miWirda misi gamoSveba iqidan. magram axla, rodesac vxedav aseT mrevls, sicocxles mrevlSi, albaT, rom moiTxovos ukan dabruneba, me aRar davabrunebo.”

am dauviwyarma stumrobam dagvitova didi madli, siTbo da siyvaruli da, rac mTavaria, imedi saqarTvelos gamTlianebisa da gabrwyinebisa.

patriarqis stumroba miunxenis qarTul eklesiaSimiunxenis qarTuli eklesia patara saqarTveloa ucxo miwaze, saqarTveloa misi ukana ezoc, sadac

sxvadasxva asakis qarTveli bavSvebi burTiT TamaSoben, saqarTveloa dResaswaulze iqve satrapezod gaSlili sufra da is cekvebi Tu mravalxmiani simRerebi mas rom mohyveba xolme. saqarTveloa mamaos dalocva, mWermetyveli sadRegrZeloebi, mrevlis gogonebis fusfusi da biWebis mier iqve gverdiT Semwvari mwvadi... iq gana marto dro gaviwydeba, isic aRar gaxsovs rom saqarTvelodan Sors, germaniaSi imyofebi.


qarTuli

miWirs aRvwero da am patara statiaSi Cavatio bednierebis grZnoba, patriarqis stumrobidan moyolebuli rom budobs Cems gulSi. ufali xSirad anebivrebs Cvens samrevlos Zvirfasi stumrebiT, magram 19 ivlisi uTuod dauviwyaria am mxriv, radgan sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqis stumroba ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisTvis gansakuTrebiT didi bednierebaa. gaTenda 19 ivlisic . . . eklesiaSi Zalian bevrma qarTvelma moiyara Tavi, ise rogorc aRdgomis Rames. aha, darekes zarebma, gaisma ,,Rirs ars WeSmaritad” . . . da Cvens patara samrevloSi fexi Semodga saqarTvelos eklesiis mesaWem. piradad CemTvis da Cveni eklesiis mgaloblebisTvis didi pativi da sixaruli iyo patriarqis mier Catarebul paraklisze galoba.

zeimma mogvianebiT eklesiis ezoSi gadainacvla. sazeimo trapezze gaJRerda qarTuli xalxuri simRera, sul cota xnis win Toolwood-is cekvis festivalze gamarjvebulma cekvis jgufma ,,iberisma“ aWaruli Seasrula. yvela sasoebiT ugdebda yurs patriarqs, roca man ramdenjerme mogvmarTa da dagvloca.

ase dasrulda erTi lamazi dRe Cems cxovrebaSi. imdenad aRelvebuli viyavi gancdiliT, Rameebi ar meZina. Turme win kidev meloda didi sixaruli. mama Tamazma gviTxra,

rom primSi, qimzees napirze, sadac ramdenime dRiT iyo gaCerebuli misi uwmindesoba, ingolStadtis qarTuli orkestris musikosebi awyobdnen patara koncerts misTvis. patriarqs usurvebia mocekvaveebis naxva. Cvenc, ra Tqma unda sixaruliT davTanxmdiT. iq misulebi ise avReldiT, mikvirs Cveni xuT wuTiani cekvis monaxazi rom ar agver-dagveria. patriarqma koncertis bolos saTiTaod Cagvikra gulSi, dagvloca da vercxlis jvrebi gvaCuqa. primidan ki ar movdiodiT, movfrinavdiT, Tavi sizmarSi gvegona. . .

ukan dagvrCa dauviwyari dReebi. patriarqis naCuqari jvari da samajuri warweriT ,,RmerTma daglocoT“ sul Tan damaqvs, gulSi ki Rvivis imedi, patriarqis sityvebiT gamowveuli: ,,nuravin ifiqrebs, rom Cven davkargeT afxazeTi da samaCablo, Cven ubralod droebiT davkargeT kontroli am kuTxeebze. saqarTvelo gamTliandeba da gabrwyindeba!“

didi madloba, Tqveno uwmindesobav, siTbosTvis da siyvarulisTvis. ufals vavedreb Tqvens Tavs da sruliad saqarTvelos.

m r a v a l J a m i e r !

miunxenis qarTuli eklesiisgundis xelmZRvaneli: nana gobeCia

„minda aseve, gansakuTrebiT davloco ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni qarTvelebi. minda gisurvoT male dabrundeT saqarTveloSi. mudam gaxsovdeT, rogorc ufali, samSoblo erTia qveyanazeda. aq aris Cveni fesvebi, Cveni winaprebis Zvlebi.“ilia II

patriarqis Sesaxvedrad Stutgartidan miunxenSi sakmaod adre CavediT. mama Tamazma SemomTavaza dRes stiqars xom ar Caicmevo. gansakuTrebuli grZnoba dameufla, me xom patriarqTan miaxlovebis saukeTeso piroba meqmneboda. Cems sixaruls sazRvari ar hqonda da ra Tqma unda siamovnebiT davTanxmdi. Cemi stiqarosnobis periodSi, es iyo ulamazesi da udidesi dRe, me saSualeba mqonda uwmindesis da unetaresis saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II gverdiT erTxel mainc vmdgariyavi. vcdilobdi arcerTi sityva, arcerTi moZraoba patriarqisa ar gamomrCenoda. vgrZnobdi rogor miTbeboda guli da sixarulis cremlebs Zlivs vikavebdi, rodesac saqarTveloze mzrunvel patriarqs Sevcqerodi. es iyo eniT auwereli bedniereba, me verasodes daviviwyeb am madlian dRes.

nikoloz qiziyuraSvili


qarTuli

„Zalian xSirad axalgazrdebs agzavnian mSoblebi ucxoeTSi im dros, roca ganmtkice-bulni ar arian Tavis faseulobaSi. ar ician ra aris erovnuli faseuloba, ar ician ram gadaarCina saqarTvelo, romis imperia daeca, bizantia daeca, mravali sxvanic, saqarTvelo arsebobs!ratom? ra, Cven Zlierebi viyaviT sxvebze metad?roca adamiani mtkiced ara dgas Tavis fuZeze, Tavis winaprebis faseulobebze da is xvdeba ucxo qveyanaSi, ucxo kulturaSi, ucxo wes-CveulebaSi, xdeba misi gadagvareba. is Rebulobs im kulturasa Tu fsevdokulturas, romelic iq aris.macxovari ambobs: `me var gza, WeSmariteba da cxovreba~.gza, sad aris Cveni gza, es unda vicodeT!“ilia II

im dalocvil dRes yvela CvenTagani saxlSi iyo da qarTul miwaze idga

minda gavixseno rodis viyavi Zalian bednieri, romeli dRe iyo gansakuTrebuli Cemi xangrZlivi cxovrebidan germniaSi. verc erTi ver Seedreba im gamorCeul, RvTis madliT Sejerebul dRes, rodesac Cveni usayvarlesi uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II mobrZanda miunxensa Sina da mogvitana eniT aRuwereli bedniereba, RmerTis madli da kurTxeva, imedi da Zala Segvmata, guli gagvinaTa, gvanugeSa, mogvefera da dagvloca. im dRes yvela CvenTagani Tavis mSobliur miwaze idga, Tavs saqarTveloSi grZnobda. vgoneb ar darCa germaniaSi macxovrebeli qarTveli iq ar yofiliyo.dailocos Seni gangeba ufalo, RmerTo didxans umyofe sruliad saqarTvelos uwmindesi da unetaresi, Cveni sulieri mama ilia II. amin.

marina abramiSvili

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II –is miunxenSi CamobrZanebiT Cvens mrevls bedniereba ergo wilad. saqarTvelos eklesias saTaveSi udgas saocari adamiani, misi saxiT RvTiuri wyaloba moumadlebia CvenTvis ufals. miuxedavad misi gauaresebuli janmrTelobisa man kidev erTxel ar daiSura udidesi siyvaruli da Tavganwirva misi xalxis mimarT da ewvia miunxenis qarTul eklesias, riTac ase gagvaxara da Zala Segvmata.Zalzed bednieri da madlobeli var, rom momeca SesaZlebloba ase axlodan momesmina misi tkbili xma da locva, romelic amSvidebs da aRamaRlebs adamians. am wmida adamianis mowodeba da mtkice rwmena imisa, rom yvela sazRvargareT myofi qarTveli aucileblad dabrundeba saqarTveloSi, sicocxlis suls STahberavs aq myofT da mec ar maZlevs uflebas daviviwyo, rom es ganSoreba droebiTia. amgvari suliskveTeba pirvel rigSi aerTianebs da amTlianebs Cvens ers, rac dRes ase Zalian gvesaWiroeba. RmerTma kidev didxans amyofos igi CvenTan da Cvenc ufro metad dagvefasebinos misi udidesi Rvawli sruliad saqarTvelos winaSe.

qeTevan mamalaZe

patriarqis stumroba miunxenSi iyo CemTvis Zalian didi bedniereba. es iyo, yvelaze lamazi, sixaruliT da dadebiTi emociebiT aRsavse dRe, aramarto CemTvis, aramed mTeli iq myofi qarTvelebisaTvis. Cven wilad gvxvda bedniereba, rom locva-kurTxeva misi uwmindesobisagan agveRo. imdenad didi iyo sixaruli, rom Zneli iyo Tvalze momdgari cremlis Sekaveba. im dRes me viyavi ubednieresi adamiani, radgan SemeZlo is sixaruli, rac patriarqis stumrobas Tan axlda, mec gameziarebina.

ekaterine abramiSvili


qarTuli

g r i g o l robaqiZem qarTul cekvas „rokvaSi ganfenili qarTuli geni“ uwoda. xolo ilia WavWavaZem , , eris ukvdavi saunje “ . Cveni eris yvelaze n i S a n d o b l i v i xasiaTebi da t r a d i c i e b i swored cekvam Se-mogvinaxa, amitom aris igi yoveli

CvenganisaTvis uZvirfasesi ganZi, raSic kidev erTxel davrwmundiT roca ansambl ,,iberisis“ Sesrulebul ,,aWaruls“ vucqerdiT. erTmaneTSi Serwymuli plastiuroba da graciozuloba, siamaye da mimzidveloba, mayureblamde mitanili qarTuli sulis xibli erTad Caetia im ramdenime dauviwyar wuTSi, romelmac suliT xorcamde SeZra mnaxveli.

,,saocaria“, ,,gansacvifrebelia“- aseTi Sefasebebi gaismoda nomris Sesrulebis Semdeg, romelmac axalgazrda mocekvaveebs konkursze pirveli adgili, ,,Oktoberfest,, -is sazeimo gaxsnaze qarTuli erovnuli samosiT gamosvlis ufleba moupova da festivalis msvlelobasac sicocxle Sehmata. es iyo wamebi, romlis drosac grZnob xelovnebis magiurobas da geamayeba, rom qarTveli xar.

ansambl ,,iberisma“ qarTuli saTvistomos TaosnobiT miunxenSi, gazafxulis pirs daiwyo pirveli nabijebis adgma. igi qarTuli xalxuri cekvebis samoyvarulo doneze Semswavlel jgufs warmoadgens, romelsac yovel mecadineobaze

“iberisis” gamarjveba xalxuri cekvebis festivalze

axal-axali saxeebi emateba. ansamblis xelmZRvanelebi manana lafaCiSvili da giorgi gelaSvili energiasa da moTminebas ar iSureben, raTa moyvarulebs TiToeuli moZraoba sworad Seaswavlon.

olimpiur baRSi Catarebul xalxuri cekvebis festivalze Tormeti qveynis war-momadgenlebi iRebdnen m o n a w i l e o b a s .

konkursze miRweuli warmateba ,,iberisis“ arsebobis miznis dasturi iyo. Cvenma mocekvaveebma gamarjvebulis gamocxadebis Semdgom, Jiurisa da mayurebelTa TxovniT meored da ufro meti SemarTebiT daipyres iq myofTa gulebi.

Sesrulebis gansakuTrebuli manera, Rrma emocia da mxolod qarTuli cekvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli moZraobebis zedmiwevniT codna ganasxvavebda jgufs sxva Semsruleblebisagan, amitom SemTxveviTi ar gaxlavT, rom ramdenime dRis Semdeg saqarTvelos sulierma mamam uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia meorem akurTxa da gza dauloca maT.

qarTveli kaci arasodes nebdeba, axlac, Znelbedobis Jams igi cekviT Zlierdeba, mxnevdeba da eZebs megobrebs, radgan swored xelovneba aaxloebs yvelaze swrafad da myarad ara mxolod adamianebs, aramed erebsac. amitom gvjera, rom ,,iberisis“ momavali saqmianoba kidev erTi gadebuli xidi iqneba qarTveli da germaneli xalxebis daaxloebis gzaze.Tamar beruCaSvili

Cveni Jurnali agrZelebs JurnalistTa qselis gafarTovebas da elis yvela

dainteresebuli piris gamoxmaurebas sazogadoebriv sawyisebze JurnalTan

TanamSromlobis kuTxiT.

dagvikavSirdiT:

[email protected]

N4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009 21

qarTuli

hhh

ruseTis moZalade imperiis okupaciuri omisa da saqarTvelos 1/4 nawilis okupaciis erTi wlis TavTan dakavSirebiT germaniis qarTulma saTvistomom 2009 wlis 8 agvistos, SabaTs, gamarTa

ori saprotesto aqcia miunxensa da venaSi.

informacia

Au-Pair -is programiT Camosul axalgazrdebs, romlebsac aqvT SekiTxvebi maTi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesaxeb, SeuZliaT daukavSirdnen saTvistomosTan

arsebul sainiciativo jgufs Semdeg nomrebze:

0176 23346015 (parmeni), 0176 22640247 (TinaTini),

0179 4998874 (nino)

an eleqtronuli fostiT: [email protected]


qarTuli

germaneli kolonistebis Semdgomi bedi

1941 wels stalinurma reJimma germaneli kolonistebi gadaasaxla cimbirsa da yazaxeTSi. mxolod iSviaTi gamonaklisebi, adamianebi, romelTac aragermaneli meuRleebi hyavdaT, gadaurCnen devnas. reabilitaciis Semdeg zogierTi gadasaxlebuli dabrunda saqarTveloSi. dRes saqarTveloSi cxovrobs germanel kolonistTa ramdenime aseuli STamomavali. gadasaxlebulTa mcire nawili dabrunda ekaterinenfeldSi, romelic sabWoTa periodSi qalaqi da raionuli centri (bolnisi) gaxda. kolonistTa STamomavlobidan mxolod aTeulze meti moxucia SemorCenili. maTTvis bolnisSi 90-ian wlebSi daarsebul germanuli kulturis saxlSi tardeba RvTis msaxureba.

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb luTeran germanelebs did daxmarebas uwevs Tbilisisa da zaarlandis universitetebis partnioruli programis yofili xelmZRvaneli profesori gert humeli. igi zaarlandis universitetSi evangelistur-luTeranuli Teologiis profesori iyo da aseve eklesiis mRvdeli.

ori universitetis partnioruli programis, sxvadasxva kulturululi RonisZiebebis da saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciebis farglebSi profesori humeli 15-wlis ganmavlobaSi Camodioda saqarTveloSi. misTvis saqarTvelo iyo megobrobis, stumarTmoyvare xalxisa da Rvinis qveyana. magram erT-erTi vizitisas man uecrad aq Tavisi Tanamemamuleebi da metic, me-12 Taobis naTesavebi aRmoaCina. isini germanuli kolonistebis STamomavlebi iyvnen.

TbilisSi mcxovrebma germanelebma profesor humelTan TavianT amJamindel yofaze saubrisas didi gulistkiviliT aRniSnes, rom maT hqondaT mSvenieri eklesia, romelic sabWoTa xelisuflebam me-2 msoflio omis wlebSi germanel samxedro tyveebs daangrevina. am tragikulma istoriam gadaawyvetina Teologiis profesorsa da pastors gaeyida germaniaSi sakuTari sacxovrebeli saxli da sanacvlod saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi germanelebisaTvis evangelistur-luTeranuli eklesia aeSenebina.

marTlac, 1997-wlis 26 oqtombers TbilisSi terenti granelis quCaze, yofil

germanrlTa sasaflaos teritoriaze gaixsna Serigebis eklesia, sadac 250-dan 400-mde germanel luTerans saSualeba aqvs daeswros RvTismsaxurebas. am eklesiis gaxsnam saSualeba misca saqarTveloSi mcxovreb germanuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebs gaerTianebuliyvnen da erTad SekrebilT ezrunaT sakuTar problemebze. dRes saqarTveloSi evangelistur-luTeranuli eklesia aerTianebs xuT mrevls, romlebic saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovrebi germanuli warmoSobis mosaxleobisgan Sedgeba.eklesiasTan arsebobs saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad registrirebuli kavSiri evangelistur-luTeranuli diakonuri sam-saxuri. kavSiris mizania saqarTvelos germanuli Temis wevrebisaTvis humanitaruli daxmarebis gaweva.

germaneli kolonistebi bolnisSi

germanuli koloniebis Seqmna amierkavkasiaSi, kerZod saqarTveloSi iwyeba 1817-1818 wlebSi general ermolovis mmarTvelobis dros. germanelTa Camosaxlebas ori mizeziT xsnian; pirveli: mefis ruseTs Tavis politikuri dasayrdeni carizmis erTguli elementebi sWirdeboda germaneli kolonistebis saxiT, romlebic eqspluatacias gauwevdnen adgilobriv mosaxleobas amiT carizms surda daesustebina maTi winaaRmdegoba. meore mizezi germaneli kolonistebis Camosaxlebisa amierkavkasiaSi iyo is rom CvenSi ganviTarebuliyo soflis meurneoba, kerZod mevenaxeoba. amis didi praqtika da gamocdileba namdvilad hqondaT germanel kolonistebs, gansakuTrebiT viurtenbergidan Camosaxlebulebs, vinaidan viurtenbergSi soflis meurneobis ZiriTadi dargi mevenaxeoba iyo. 1817-1818 w. amier kavkasiaSi germanel kolo-nistebis Camosaxlebas xeli Seuwyo germaniaSi Seqmnilma politikurma da ekonomiurma pirobebma. kerZod napoleon pirvelis gamanadgurebelma omebma, romelTa mniSvnelovani nawili germaniis teritoriaze warmoebda, aCanagebda feodalur batonymuri wyobilebis qveS mgminav glexobas. iyo sxva mizezic: kapitalizmis ganviTareba da

saqarTvelos germanuli koloniebigagrZeleba

(dasawyisi me-3 nomerSi)


qarTuli

saqarTvelos germanuli koloniebi

amiT glexTa masebis gaRatakeba, rac iwvevda maT migracias sxva saxelmwifoebSi. me-17-18 saukuneebSi germaniis zogierTi sofeli sruliad moispo. am soflebis mcxovrebni an qalaqad midiodnen, an daqiravebul mojamagireebad iqceodnen. glexTa es masebi advilad eqceodnen sxvadasxva religiuri seqtebis gavlenis qveS. seqtantoba ki gamoxatavda xalxTa masebis protests feodaluri Cagvris winaaRmdeg. misi ideologi germaniaSi iyo iung-Stilingi, romelic winaswarmetyvelebda qveynierebis dasasruls da Tavis mimdevrebs arwmunebda xsna eZiaT kavkasiaSi araratis mTasTan. 1808 w. igi gaecno baronesa varvara krudeners (qaliSvilobaSi fitingova), romelic rusi aristokratis ojaxSi iyo dabadebuli. varvara kruderenma iung-Stilingis gavleniT daiwyo aqtiuri moRvaweoba. igi qalaqidan qalaqSi, qveynidan qveyanaSi dadioda da winaswarmetyvelebda, romelic mimarTuli iyo napoleonis winaaRmdeg. v. krudenerma napoleons uwinaswarmetyvela damarcxeba da ruseTis mefes alaqsandre pirvelis gamarjveba 1812 wlis samamulo omSi. omis Semdgom aleqsandre pirvelma moindoma gacnoboda ,,sakvirvel winaswarmetyvels’’, romelsac manamde mimoweriT icnobda maTi Sexvedra 1815 wels moxda. am Sexvedram didi gavlena moaxdina aleqsandre pirvelze, igi TviT eziara seqtantur moZRvrebas da mxari dauWira germanel kolonistTa Camosaxlebas amier kavkasiaSi, kerZod saqarTveloSi. 1817 wels germanel kolonistTa Semkreb punqtze qalaq ulmSi md. dunaize 1400 ojaxi Seikriba amierkavkasiaSi gasamgzavreblad. maTi umravlesoba viurtembergeli separatistebi iyvnen. Casxdnen gemebSi da mdinariT q. izmailSi (TurqeTi) Cavidnen, aqedan ki q. odesaSi. gzaze kolonistebs didi ubedureba daatydaT Tavs:

kolonistebs Soris gaCnda saxadi, ris Sedegadac TiTqmis naxevari daiRupa, maT Soris iyvnen bavSvebic. 1819 wlis bolosaTvis germaniidan gadmosaxlebulebma qveynis administraciis daxmarebiT sul 8 kolonia Seqmnes. 1. ekaterinenfeldi _ 116 ojaxiT (saxelwodeba miiRo viurtembergis dedoflis ekaterine pavles asulis pativsacemad). es kolonia borCalos mazraSi, bolnisis teritoriaze Seiqmna. 2. marienfeldi _ 31 ojaxiT, kaxeTis gzatkecilze (sarTiWalaSi), Tbilisidan 35 versis daSorebiT. 3. Tbilisis kolonia _ qalaqis maSindel gareubanSi (kukiaze) _ axlandeli d. aRmaSeneblis gamziris teritoria _ 51 ojaxiT. 4. aleqsandersdorfi _ 23 ojaxiT (daerqva ruseTis mefe aleqsandre pirvelis pativsacemad). axlandeli samtrediis quCis teritoriaze didubeSi. 5. petersdorfi _ 17 ojaxiT (saxelwodeba miiRo mefe petre pirvelis pativsacemad), marienfeldis maxloblad. 6. elizavettali _ 65 ojaxiT (dRevandeli asureTi), saxelwodeba miiRo dasaxlebis adgilis SerCevis dResTan dakavSirebiT (1818 wlis 19 noemberi axali stiliT). 7. anenfeldi _ 91 ojaxiT (saxelwodeba miiRo niderlandebis dedoflis ana pavles _ asulis pativsacemad). Samqoris miwebze, ganjidan 25 versis, xolo Tbilisidan 155 versis manZilze. 8. elendorfi _ 130 ojaxi, ganjis maxloblad, (saxelwodeba miekuTna meklenburg-Sverinis hercoginias elene pavles asulis pativsacemad). 1842 w. abasTumnis mineraluri wylebis maxloblad dasaxlda 10 ojaxi. 1860 w. iyalToel Tavadebs revaz da aTanase mayaSvilebs xelisuflebisaTvis SeuTavazebiaT daesaxlebinaT germaneli kolonistebi maT mamulSi, magram germanelebs aq dasaxlebaze uari uTqvamT. pirvelad Camosaxlebulma germanel kolonistTa ojaxebma 1818 wlis zamTari adgilobriv glexTa saxlebSi gaatares. maTTvis daiwyes qvis saxlebis mSenebloba. samSeneblo masala ufasod gamouyves. masalas usasyidlod azidinebdnen adgilobriv glexebs Tavisive urmebiT. SemdgomSi Camosuli kolonistebis nawili isev adgilobriv mosaxleobas Seakedles, nawili musulmanebisaTvis CamorTmeul gadaxurul

ekaterinenfeldis yofili eklesiis Senoba


qarTuli

urmebSi (кибитка) moaTavses. kolonistTa mcire nawilma pirvel xanebSi sacxovreblad miwurebi gaikeTa. kolonistTa yovel ojaxs mieca kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli 300 _ 300 maneTi saxlebis asaSeneblad. magram mTavrobam arasakmarisad cno da kidev daumata 100 – 100 maneTi. pirvel xanebSi inventaris da saTanado raodenobis gamwevi Zalis uyolobis gamo, germanel kolonistebs uWirdaT sasoflo_sameurneo samuSaoebis warmoeba. qveynis administracia amjeradac daexmara maT. adgilobriv glexebs sruliad usasyidlod moaxvnevines germanelTa kuTvnili miwebi, es maSin, roca susxian zamTarSi TviTon daexocaT pirutyvis mniSvnelovani nawili da TavianTi miwebic jerac ar hqondaT moxnuli. kolonistebs xazinis xarjze SeuZines barebi, niCbebi, weraqvebi, celebi, culebi, namglebi da sxva. yoveli kolonistis ojaxs mieca uReli xaris SesaZeni Tanxa 24 maneTi. 1824_1825 ww. germanul koloniebs pirveli aRmavlobis niSnebi Seetyo. isini damoukideblad awarmoebdnen mindvrebisa da baRCebis Tesvas, aSenebdnen venaxebs. TviT koloniebSi moewyo samWedloebi, sadurgloebi da sxva saxelosnoebi. ekonomiurad ramdenadme moRonierebul koloniebs Tavs daatydaT didi ubedureba: ruseT-iranis omis dros 1826 wlis 26 agvistos ekaterinenfelds Tavs daesxnen sparselebi da qurTebi, romelTac saSineli xocva-Jletva moawyves koloniaSi. Tavdamsxmelebma mokles 70 da tyved waiyvanes 140-mde mamakaci, naZarcvis saxiT Tan gaiyoles saqoneli. 240 kolonistma TbilisSi gaqceviT uSvela Tavs. maT saSvelad daZrul polkovnik savarsamiZis razms kolonia sastikad aoxrebuli daxvda. (SemdgomSi es dRe koloniebSi yovelwliurad aRiniSneboda glovis dRed). amave dros igive bandebi daesxnen Tavs elizavetpolis mazris koloniebs (Samqori). Tumca aqaurma kolonistebma moaswres gaqceva da Tavi Seafares Tbiliss. kolonistebs kvlav daexmara mefis ruseTis mTavroba, romelmac TiToeul ojaxs gamouyo 172 maneTi daubrunebeli sesxis saxiT. amasTanave mTavrobam izruna tyved wayvanili kolonistebis gamosasyidad. momdevno wlebSi maTi mniSvnelovani nawili dabrunda Tavis koloniebSi. saarqivo masalebSi aRniSnulia aseTi faqti: 1826 wlis Semodgomaze konstantinepolidan dabrunebul Tbilisel vaWars (aleqsi Sadinovs)

axalcixeSi gamovlisas unaxavs 30-ze meti germaneli kolonisti, amaTgan sami maTgani Tavis saxsrebiT tyveobidan gamousyidia da saxlebSi daubrunebia. Semdeg Sadinovs saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave mTavrobisaTvis SeuTavazebia Tavis samsaxuri _ wasuliyo axalcixeSi da xazinis xarjze gamoesyida germaneli kolonistebi. 1831 wlisaTvis ruseTis imperatorisaTvis (nikoloz pirveli) brZanebiT saTanado fuladi saxsrebis safasurad danarCeni tyve kolonistebi gamousyidiaT da daubrunebiaT saqarTveloSi. germanel kolonistebma SemdgomSic mravaljer miiRes mniSvnelovani Tanxa daubrunebeli sesxis Tu daxmarebis saxiT (wisqvilebis SesaZenad, arxebis gasayvanad, sazogadoebrivi da sacxovrebeli Senobebis asagebad da sxva). Camosaxlebis pirveli wlebidanve, iseve rogorc Semdgom periodSi germaneli kolonistebi mWidro kavSirs inarCunebdnen samSoblosTan, TavianT naTesavebTan. isini germaniidan maT ugzavnidnen sxvadasxva saxis literaturas, Jurnal-gazeTebs, raTa maT ,,ar daviwyebodaT samSoblo”. yvelaze dawinaurebuli kolonia iyo ekaterinenfeldi, sadac Tavi moiyara seqtantTa ZiriTadma masam. amave koloniaSi damkvidrda seqtantTa xelmZRvaneloba da ufro SeZlebuli nawili. ekaterinenfeldi as welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi wamyvan rols asrulebda amierkavkasiis germanel kolonistTa cxovrebaSi. amave dros, ekaterinenfeldi 30-ian 40-ian wlebSi amierkavkasiis germanul kolonistTa Soris gaZlierebuli seqtanturi moZraobis centrs warmoadgenda. am moZraobam kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena amierkavkasiaSi germanuli koloniebis arseboba da mTavrobas mis Casaqrobad energiuli RonisZiebebis Catareba mouxda. germanel kolonistebis samarTavad 1819 wels mTavarmarTebel ermolovis gankargulebiT daarsda ,,saqarTveloSi dasaxlebuli kolonistebis samarTvelos droebiTi kantora’’. mis ufrosad daniSnes kolegiis asesori ianovski. kantoris SemadgenlobaSi 11 kaci iyo. kolonistebis mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad daarses specialuri komiteti im saCivrebis gansaxilvelad, romlebic kolonistebs SehqondaT kavkasiis centraluri administraciis saxelze. 1834 wels imperatoris brZanebulebis Tanaxmad kantora gauqmda. germaneli koloniebis


qarTuli

marTveloba gadavida samoqalaqo gubernatoris xelSi, romlis kancelariasac daemata specialurad am mizniT daniSnuli ramdenime Cinovniki. amrigad, mTavrobam gaamartiva kolonistebis mmarTveloba da Seamcira xarjebi. calkeuli koloniis uSualo xelnZRvanelobisaTvis yovel maTganSi Seqmnili iyo e.w ,,soflis prikazebi’’, romelic Sedgeboda ,,Sulcis’’ (mamasaxlisis), ori ,,baiziceris’’ (msajulis), da daqiravebuli soflis mwerlisagan. ,,Sulcsa’’ da ,,baizicers’’ irCevdnen sasoflo krebaze ori – sami wlis vadiT. rogorc cnobilia, mefis ruseTis moxeleTa azriT amierkavkasiis adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ,,sizarmacis’’ da ,,uunarobis’’ gamo gamousadegari iyo soflis meurneobis gardaqmnisa da aRmavlobis saqmeSi. swored es motivi gamoiyena carizmma aq ucxo elementis Camosaxlebis sababad. saqarTveloSi carizmis administraciam bevr sofelSi adgilobrivi glexoba ayara da germanel kolonistebs misca maTi saukeTeso miwebi. germanelma TiToeul ojaxze (komlze) daaxloebi 35-60 destina miwa miiRes (destina = 1,0925 heqtars). es maSin, rodesac adgilobriv glexobas: qarTvelebs, azerbaijanelebs, somxebs saSualod 3-5 destina miwac ar hqondaT. germaneli kolonistebi zomaze metad iyvnen uzrunvelyofilni miwiT da yovlad usafuZvlo iyo zogierTi kolonistis Civili mciremiwianobaze. kolonistebis didi umravlesoba sakuTari ZaliT mTlianad ver amuSavebda miwas, amitom isini, rogorc wesi, qiraobdnen da eqsploatacias uwevdnen axlo-maxlo mcxovreb adgilobriv glexebs, anda TavianTTvis metad xelsayrel pirobebSi ijariT aZlevdnen miwebs aRniSnul pirebs. kolonistebs saqarTveloSi asaxlebdnen saukeTeso miwebze mTavroba maT aZlevda mTel rig SeRavaTebs gadasaxadis gaweris, kreditis micemisa da sxva saqmeSi, maSin roca adgilobrivi mosaxleoba moklebuli iyo yovelive amas. germanuli koloniebis soflis meurneobaSi wamyvani adgili eWira mevenaxeobasa da memindvreobas. me-19 saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi Semovida evropidan da ruseTidan mTeli rigi sasoflo_sameurneo manqanebi, maT Soris rkinis guTnebi da sxva sasoflo sameurneo inventari. kolonistebs ZiriTadad saSemodgomo xorbali mohyavdaT,

garda amisa mohyavdaT qeri, Svria, Wvavi da simindi. puris salewad iyenebdnen cxenebs, romlebsac pirdapir arbeninebdnen kaloze gaSlil puris Znebze da ayrevinebdnen marcvals. maT SemdgomSi qarTveli mosaxleobisagan gadaiRes kevriT lewva da xarebis nacvlad cxenebs abamdnen. mxolod 80-90 ian wlebSi zogierTi SeZlebuli kolonisti axerxebda gamoewera sazRvargareTidan salewi manqanebi. puris dafqvas kolonistebi wylis wisqviliT awarmoebdnen, maT es wisqvilebi sakuTrebaSi hqondaT. maT didi raodenobiT mohyavdaT kartofilic, romelsac xorblisa da venaxis Semdeg mniSvnelovani adgili eWira maT ekonomikaSi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTod kartofili erT-erTi kultura unda iyos, romelic pirvelad kolonistebma gaavrceles saqarTveloSi (amierkavkasiaSi). gansakuTrebuli adgili germaneli kolonistebis saqmianobaSi eWira mevenaxeoba-meRvineobas, gansakuTrebiT ekaterinenfeldSi, maT qarTuli vazis jiSebi gaaSenes: saferavi, rqawiTeli, mwvane da sxva. germanelebi rqawiTels ,,or-abazsac’’ uwodebdnen, radgan am jiSis Rvino Tungi or abazad (40 kapikad) iyideboda, maSin, roca sxva Rvinoebi 15-dan 30-mde kapikad iyideboda. me-19 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi germanelma kolonistebma gaaSenes agreTve vazis evropuli jiSebi: muskati, madera, izabela, romlebic evropidan gamoiweres mefisnacval voroncovis brZanebiT. magram es jiSebi ver Seeguvnen adgilobriv klimatur pirobebs, amave dros adgilobrivi momxmarebelic naklebad etaneboda, amitom kolonistebma male mianebes Tavi maT gavrcelebas da ZiriTadad aSenebdnen adgilobriv, umTavresad saRvine jiSis vazs. germaneli kolonistebi venaxs ZiriTadad TviTon amuSavebdnen. am samuSaoebSi monawileobas iRebda ojaxis yvela Sromisunariani wevri. me–19 saukunis 50-ian wlebis Semdeg kolonistTa didi umravlesoba venaxSi mZime samuSaoebs (barva, Toxna, ufro mogvianebiT Sewamvla da sxva) daqiravebuli muSa-xelis saSualebiT awarmoebda. venaxebs simwifeSi Sesvlisas SeiaraRebuli yaraulebiT icavdnen. im droindel presasa da arqivSi mravlad moipoveba masalebi, romlebic mowmoben, rom yurZnis moparvis SemTxvevaSi kolonistebi xSirad adamianis sicocxlesac ki ar indobdnen.


qarTuli rTveli, Cveulebriv iwyeboda seqtembris dasasruls, an oqtombris dasawyisSi da grZeldeboda 10-15 dRe. rTveli zeimad iqceoda xolme _ skolebi ixureboda, saxlebSi rCebodnen mxolod avadmyofebi da diasaxlisebi. koloniis mTeli mosaxleoba _ didi da patara venaxebSi muSaobda. pirvel xanebSi yovelgvari yurZeni erTad iwureboda, rac iwvevda Rvinis xarisxis gauaresebas. SemdegSi daiwyes Savi da TeTri yurZnis garCeva da sxvadasxva jiSis yurZens gancalkavebiT wuravda. yurZnis dawurva xdeboda saxlis qveS mowyobil Rrma sardafSi, an specialurad gadaxurul nagebobaSi. pirvel xanebSi yurZens SiSveli fexebiT wuravdnen, xolo SemdegSi specialuri lursmniT SemoWedili CeqmebiT. Sav yurZens ufro gulmodgineT wuravdnen feris gamosacemad, radgan Rvino miT ufro fasobda, rac ufro muqi iyo. did rofSi Casul wvens aZlevdnen WaWas. rofebSi maWars 2-3 dRes gulmodgined urevdnen; aCerebdnen kidev 3-4 dRes kargi amindis, xolo 8-10 dRes cudi amindis dros, manam sanam WaWa zeviT ar wamovidoda. siTxes specialuri xis WurWliT asxamdnen sardafSi mdgar muxis kasrebSi, sadac yurZnis wveni imyofeboda daaxloebiT erT Tves daduRebamde. kasrebs sacobis nacvlad adebdnen specialurad Sekeril qviSiT saves patara tomrebs duRilis dros warmoqmnili gazis gamosayofad. duRilis damTavrebis Semdeg kasrebs piramde avsebdnen da hermetulad xuravdnen. aseT mdgomareobaSi tovebdnen ianvramde, Semdeg Rvinos axal kasrebSi gadaiRebdnen da igi mzad iyo gasayidad. WaWisgan xdidnen arays, romelsac iseve, rogorc Rvinos yiddnen. kolonistebi misdevdnen xexilis baRebisa da bostneulis gaSenebasac. rig koloniebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava mecxoveleobas, gansakuTrebiT ekaterinenfeldSi. kolonistebi Semodgomaze xelsayrel fasebSi yidulobdnen mezobel qarTvelebisa da somxebisagan Rorebs isini amzadebdnen lors da sxvadasxva saxis Zexveuls, romlis nawils bazarze yiddnen xelsayrel fasebSi. kolonistebi wvrilfexa saqonels TiTqmis ar aSenebdnen. gamwev Zalad xars naklebad iyenebdnen. isini gamwev Zalad cxens aZlevdnen upiratesobas. germanel kolonistTa sameurneo aRmavlobam Tavi iCina me-19 saukunis 60-iani wlebidan. isini

sasoflo sameurneo da samrewvelo gamofenebSi warmatebiT monawileobdnen. 1861 wels TbilisSi mowyobil aseT gamofenaSi ekaterinenfeldi fridrix ceizeri oqros medliT daajildoves gaumjobesebuli guTnis warmodgenisaTvis. 1862 wels ekaterinenfeldis kolonistebma londonis msoflio gamofenidan miiRes ,,sapatio daxasiaTeba,, (diplomi) gamofenaze aqedan gagzavnili puris saukeTeso xarisxisaTvis. 1863 wels kavkasiis sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoebis mier mowyobil gamofenaze vercxlis medlebi daimsaxures: 1. iakob beplem (ekaterinenfeldi)-xorblis, kartofilisa da RvinisaTvis. 2. martin vagnerma (ekaterinenfeldi)-xorblisaTvis. amave gamofenaze zemoT dasaxelebulma fridrix ceizerma qeba daimsaxura wnexis originaluri konstruqciis wardgenisaTvis. zogierTi mdidari kolonisti (kuCenbaxi, foreri,) warmatebiT monawileobda saerTaSoriso gamofenebSic. CamosaxlebisTanave germanul koloniebSi Seiqmna soflis meurneobisaTvis iseTi aucilebeli saxelosnoebi, rogoric iyo samWedloebi da sadurgloebi. magram gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda xelosnobis iseTi dargebis ganviTarebas, rogoric iyo mefurgonoeba da mekasreoba. kolonistebis mier damzadebuli furgonebi ixmareboda ara marto koloniebSi, aramed mis gareTac-mezobel qveynebSi. furgonebis damzadeba ganuxrelad izrdeboda me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi-gansakuTrebiT TurqeTTan omebis periodSi saxelmwifo dakveTebTan dakavSirebiT. mniSvnelovani raodenobiT furgonebs awarmoebdnen ekaterinenfeldSi. am dargis ganviTareba gamowveuli iyo furgonebis maRali fasiT. germanuli furgoni 200-300 maneTad iyideboda, xolo ruseT-TurqeTis (1877-1878w.w.) omis dros samxedro uwyeba masSi 300-500 maneTs ixdida. mniSvnelovnad iyo ganviTarebuli mefurneoba 80-ian w. amier kavkasiaSi rkinigzis gayvanasTan dakavSirebiT mefurneoba mcirdeba. meRvineobis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovnad viTardeba mekasreoba. aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom germaneli kolonistebis dam-zadebuli kasrebi dResac xmarebaSia bolnisis mosaxleobaSi. es Rvinis kasrebi, aseve gamoiyeneba q. bolnisSi arsebul Rvinis qarxanaSi, sadac aTeuli tonis tevadobis muxis kasrebia ganlagebuli mis uzarmazar


qarTuli

sardafebSi. es Rvinis qarxana germaneli kolonistebis mier aris aSenebuli me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi, 1908 wels romelic maSindel amxanagobas, gaerTianebas (union) ekuTvnoda. es qarxana dResac warmatebiT funqcionirebs. (sxvaTa Soris am qarxnis mier damzadebuli Rvino oqros fasad gadioda germaniaSi da masze didi moTxovnileba iyo). me-19 saukunis 50 ian wlebamde amierkavkasiis gaerTianebuli koloniebi, maT Soris ekaterinenfeldi garegnulad arafriT gansxvavdebodnen adgilobriv mcxovrebTa soflebisagan: viwro WuWyiani quCebi, miwuri baniani qoxmaxebi. aseTi iyo koloniebis garegnuli saxe. am droidan xelisufleba koloniebis ekonomiuri keTildReobaze zrunvasTan erTad did yuradRebas aqcevs maT keTilmowyobas. a. fadaevi jer rogorc koloniebis keTilmowyobis specialuri komisiis Tavmjdomare, Semdeg rogorc saxelmwifo qonebaTa eqspediciis meTauri, romlis mmarTvelobaSi (gamgeobaSi) gadavidnen germaneli koloniebi 1850 wlidan, piradad dadioda koloniebSi da yovel mxriv aqezebda kolonistebs aeSenebinaT farTo, naTeli evropuli tipis saxlebi, gaeyvanaT swori da farTo quCebi da saerTod ezrunaT koloniis keTilmowyobaze. sul male ekaterinenfeldSi germanuli arqiteqturis erovnuli motivebis gaTvaliswinebiT daiwyes sacxovrebeli saxlebisa da sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis Senobebis ageba. (Tumca mxedvelobaSi iRebdnen qarTul, erovnul motivebsac, pirvel rigSi igulisxmeba aivnebi kolonistTa saxlebze). quCis orive mxares frontoniT quCisken Camwkrivebuli iyo kolonistTa saxlebi, romelTac umTavresad qvisgan agebdnen. quCebi da ezoebic mokirwyluli iyo. koloniis Sua gulSi iyo mozrdili moedani, sadac moTavsebuli iyo koloniis sammarTvelo, eklesia, skola, sastumro, savaWro wertebi, puris sacxobi da sxva. kolonistTa saxls fasadsa da erTerT gverdze hqonda Ria aivani (qarTuli erovnuli motivebis gaTvaliswinebiT), romelsac lamazad gamoWrili rikulebi amSvenebda. germanel kolonistebs hqondaT binis aveji-damzadebuli kustaruli wesiT: magidebi, selis skamebi, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis karadebi, sawolebi, erTi-ori taxti muTaqebiT. kedeli da iataki dafaruli iyo xaliCebiT, zogierT mdidar kolonists saxlSi hqonda musikaluri instrumenti fizgarmoni.

germanel kolonistebs ezoebSi gamoyvanili hqondaT teqnikuri wyali, am wyals sarwyavadac iyenebdnen. 1854 wels ekaterinenfeldSi aSenda evangelistur-luTeranuli eklesia 35 metri simaRliT, samrekloTi da orRaniT. eklesia gaxda kolonistebis sulieri centri. aq mReroda mgalobelTa gundi. kolonistebs Seqmnili hqondaT sasule orkestri, romelic emsaxureboda kolonistebs zeimisa da micvalebulTa dasaflavebis dReebSi kolonistebs kargad hqondaT mowyobili sasaflao 130-280 kv. m. farTobiT, romelic dRes samwuxarod ganadgurebulia.

germaneli kolonistebis ojaxebi

kolonistTa ojaxis meTaurad iTvleboda mama, romelsac usityvod emorCileboda ojaxis yvela wevri. ojaxur Sida samuSaos: bavSvebis movlas, sadilis gakeTebas, saxlis dalagebas, recxvas, kervas, pirutyvisa da frinvelis movlas asrulebda ojaxis diasaxlisi. amasTan erTad fizikurad muSaobda qmris gverdiT. bavSvebi izrdebodnen mkacr, religiur geremoSi, swavlasTan erTad pataraobidanve aCvevdnen Sromas. qorwinebamde Svilebi mSoblebis saxlSi rCebodnen. daqorwinebis Sendeg vaJi eyofoda ojaxs. mSoblebi exmarebodnen mas sakuTari saxlis aSenebasa da meurneobis SeZenaSi. SesaZleblobis farglebSi mSoblebi exmarebodnen gaTxovil qaliSvilsac. kolonistebi naTesaobas sustad icavdnen: nebadarTuli iyo qorwineba biZaSvilebs Soris, or Zmas SeeZlo ori dis SerTva. colis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi mamakaci xSirad colis das irTavda. micvalebulis kulti - sasaflaomde micvalebulis kubo aucileblad Tavdaxuruli unda yofiliyo. micvalebuls baldaxaniT, katafalkiT miasvenebdnen. micvalebuls mTeli kolona acilebda, skolis maswavleblebi da moswavleebi galobiT mihyvebodnen. sasaflaoze pastori ambobda sityvas. dakrZalvis Semdeg xalxi TavTavis saxlSi midioda. micvalebuls ar umarTavdnen qelexs, panaSvids, ormoc dRes da wlisTavs. TviTmkvlelebs gansakuTrebul adgilze, sasaflaos gareT krZalavdnen. mkvdrad Sobili bavSvebi Sebindebisas unda daemarxaT. saqorwino ritualebi: sxva qristianuli mimdinareobisagan gansxvavebiT luTeranul eklesiaSi jvrisweris dros nefe-dedofali


qarTuli

beWdebs ar cvlidnen. Tu dasaqorwinebeli ramdenime wyvili iyo, pastori yvelas erTad werda jvars. eklesiaSi saqorwino ritualis Semdeg stumrebi midiodnen dedoflis mSoblebis saxlSi, sadac imarTeboda qorwili, sma-Wama da simRera. cekvebi da yovelgvari garToba-TamaSobani akrZaluli iyo. simRerebi ZiriTadad religiuri xasiaTis iyo. qorwils aucileblad eswreboda pastori. qorwilis dedoflis saxlSi gadaxda da cekva-garTobis akrZalva (TviT germaniaSi, iseve rogorc ruseTis germanul koloniebSi) sruliad gansxvavdeboda arsebuli luTeranuli saqorwino wesebisagan. maT mixedviT qorwils ixdidnen vaJis ojaxSi da cekva-TamaSic nebadarTuli iyo. es gansxvavebani seqtanturi moZRvrebis gadmonaSTebi iyo. qorwinebaSi gadamwyvet rols mSoblebi TamaSobdnen. amitom am aqtis dros ufro materialur mxares uwevdnen angeriSs, vidre grZnobebs. magaliTad, ekaterinenfeldeli kolonistebi eridebodnen qali gaeTxovebinaT elizavelttalSi, romelic SedarebiT ufro Rarib koloniad iTvleboda. qvriv mamakacebs 6 Tvis, xolo qvriv qalebs 9 Tvis ganmavlobaSi xelmeored daqorwinebis ufleba ar hqondaT.

kolonistebis garegnoba da salaparako ena germaneli kolonistebi saSualo tanisa da

mkvrivi agebulebis iyvnen, saxe janmrTeli da ferovani hqondaT, Tmebi umTavresad muqi qera an Savi, Tvalebi cisferi an Ria Taflisferi, kbilebi umravlesobas dazianebuli hqondaT. me-19 saukunis miwurulamde mamakacebSi wver-ulvaSis moSveba TiTqmis codvad iTvleboda. Semdeg periodSi axalgazrdebi xSirad uSvebdnen wver-ulvaSebs, xolo ulvaSebs umravlesoba atarebda. Sereva qorwinebis gziT germanel kolonistebsa da garSemo mcxovreb mosaxleobas Soris TiTqmis ar xdeboda. kolonistebis Cacmuloba _ atarebdnen tipiur Svabur kostums _ lurj qurTuks, mis SigniT icvamdnen farTo da grZel Jilets da atarebdnen farTo da mokle Sarvlebs. qudebi gamoirCeoda didi kokardiT, mamakacebi ZiriTadad xmarobdnen Ceqmebs, xolo qalebi Salis windebsa da uxeSi tyavis fexsacmelebs. qalebs ecvaT muqi feris gamoyvanili grZeli kabebi da atarebdnen imave feris winsafrebs. Tavs ikravdnen Savi an feradi abreSumis TavsafrebiT. muSaobis dros kolonistebi xmarobdnen SinnakeT Calis qudebs da TxellanCian msubuq fexsacmels. am droidan mamakacebisaTvis vrceldeba sxvsdasxva feris tilos xalaTebi, xolo qalebisaTvis TeTri an nacrisferi tilos kabebi da kostumebi.

nika gogiaSvili

“ p e r e m i r i e s ” S e m d e g

...daviZariT zRvisken, tyviebis da Wurvebis wvimaSi uceb yvirilis xma gaisma, erTi dagviWres fexSi, fexi gadavuxvieT, snaiperis nasroli iyo. gavagrZeleT gza, qalebic SemogvierTdnen gzadagza, bolo nakadi gadioda alyaSi momwyvdeuli meomrebis Tu bolomde darCenili mosaxleobis. zRvaSi navi iyo, 15 kacamdis Tu daitevda. daWrili, qalebi da visac ar SeeZlo fexiT siaruli SevsviT navSi, ramdenime meomari gavayoleT da danarCenebi daviZariT fexiT. mivdiodiT didi sifrTxiliT, mivaRwieT

kindRamde, sadac Semorigebuli zviadistebis batalioni iyo. migviRes mTeli guliT da suliT, gvasadiles da gviTxres, rogorc ki samTavrobo Zalebi Cvens xazs gauswordebian, erTad ganvaxorcielebT Setevaso. es ar moxda, Tu ratom, amaze pasuxs maSindeli orad gaxleCili saqarTvelos liderebi ageben, romlebmac piradul ampartavnebas Seswires ulamazesi kuTxe. gadavwyviteT oCamCireSi wavsuliyaviT, radgan gavigeT, iq didi Zala ikribeboda, yvelani imeds vebRauWebodiT. davadeqiT fexiT

gagrZeleba(dasawyisi me-2 nomerSi)


qarTuli

trasas, sadRac satvirTo manqana wamogvewia, gavaCereT da oCamCirisken daviZariT. sofel cagerasTan soflis meomrebma gagvaCeres, sad midixarTo, Cven Cveni mizani vuTxariT, erTma TofiT SeiaraRebulma wvermoSvebulma moxucma ar dagvijera, garbixarTo da Tan Tofs manqanisken iSverda, dagxocavT suyvelaso. axalgazrdebma daaSoSmines da gavagrZeleT gza. oCamCireSi rom SevediT, kbilebamdis SeiaraRebuli uamravi meomari sangrebSi iyo ganlagebuli. guli sixaruliT aivso, axla ki viwame, brZola SeiZleboda, radgan amdeni meomari soxumSi wina xazze ar viyaviT da bevr Zalian mZime Semotevas gavuZeliT, maT Soris, yvelaze masStaburs - 1993 wlis 16-17 martis Semotevas. pirveli batalionis pirveli aseuli medgrad videqiT mdinare gumisTis samanqano xidis axlos “kempingebSi”, sadac sami dRe mSier-mwyurvali alyaSi vicavdiT sakuTar poziciebs da bolomdis davicaviT. sxvaTa Soris, mamukac CemTan iyo maSin stumrad da isic CvenTan erTad iyo alyis moxsnamdis. oCamCireSi, Sua qalaqSi, meomrebi iyvnen Tavmoyrili. Cven Stabi vikiTxeT da wavediT StabSi, iq zurgCanTebi, forma, “plaSpalatka”, Ceqmebi da rac hqondaT, dagviriges. me aranairi sabuTi ar mqonda, yvelaferi sofelSi mqonda da sabuTic momces, oCamCiris batalions mimamates.

yvelani Tengiz kitovans velodebodiT. gaisma vertmfrenis guguni, daubera qarma da dafrinda oCamCiris centrSi bolo imedi, romelmac ar vici Tavisi Tu sxvisi brZanebiT, datova RamiT oCamCire Tavisi kbilebamdis SeiaraRebuli jariT. kitovanma omaxiani xmiT Tqva: xval ganTiadze Setevas viwyebT, aba, Tqven iciT biWeboo. Tmebi ameburZgna, gavifiqre, mTlad ar daRupula saqarTvelo, ai, kidev gvyolia patriotebi-meTqi.

me, mamuka, omari da givi wavediT omaris da givis naTesavis saxlSi, romelic oCamCireSi cxovrobda. omari da givi Zmebi arian. cota visadileT, Ceqmebi gavixadeT da ise wamovweqiT loginebze, didxans Zili ar mekareboda, darwmunebuli viyavi, diliT dawyebuli Seteva isev gumisTamde mainc dagvabrunebda. fiqrebis morevSi rodis CameZina ver gavige. saSinelma xmaurma gamaRviZa. tankebis guguni ismoda yoveli mxridan. erTmaneTs gadavxedeT, fanjrebSi bneloda. gulma cudi migrZno, fanjarasTan mivediT frTxilad, gamokveTili rusuli da afxazuri xmamaRali laparaki ismoda, ukve yvela imedi davkarge, davrwmundi, rom afxazeTi

sabolood ganwiruli iyo, sanam axal daviT aRmaSenebels ar gvaCuqebda RmerTi. ratom gaiyvana kitovanma jari, vin misca brZaneba, nuTu amaze pasuxi aravis ainteresebs?!

mesamed alyaSi, sami dRe mdinare gumisTis sanapiroze wina xazze, sami dRe axaldabis alyaSi da axlac vin icis, ra meloda. brZolas azri ar hqonda. axla Tavi unda gadagverCina da Tu odesme saqarTvelos iseTi mmarTveli eyoleboda, romelsac winaprebis siyvaruli, samSoblos siyvaruli da Rirseba eqneboda, maSin dagvebrunebina samaCablo da afxazeTi, rogorc msoflio politika moiTxovda, magram unda dagvebrunebina, Tundac sicocxlis fasad dagvjdomoda.

saxlidan Cumad gavediT, saxlis patroni ar wamogvyva. Cven ramdenime ezo gadavWeriT, meti gadaadgileba ar SeiZleboda. iriJraJa, videqiT mandarinebis qveS. ezoSi “beletaJi” saxli idga, fiqris dro aRar rCeboda. sardafSi SevZveriT, mesamedi sardafisa xis carieli yuTebiT iyo savse. betonis boZebze idga es saxli, boZebTan gavnawildiT, yuTebi amovifareT. avtomatis Camketi gaxsnili mqonda, gamouval mdgomareobaSi ramdenimes mainc gavanadgurebdiT, magram es Tu moxdeboda, sicocxlis Sansi aRar rCeboda. erTi tankis Wurvis srola sardafSi, romelSic Cven viyaviT da romelsac ramdenime Ria fanjara hqonda, sakmarisi iqneboda Zvlebianad CavmwvariyaviT. mTeli dRis manZilze dadiodnen boevikebi saxlebSi. ramdenime boeviki Cvens saxlSic Semovida, afxazurad laparakobdnen, erTi metris simaRle gvaSorebda mters, radganac sardafi dabali iyo. miyar-moyares yvelaferi, braxunebdnen karga xani da xmamaRali laparakiT gavidnen ezodan. Cvens saxlTan bevrma Caiara, Ria fanjaraSi kargad Canda maTi saxeebi, orma boevikma megruli laparakiT gaiara, omarma Tqva, raRac Sarvlis qamarze laparakobdneno. mTeli dRe gverdis Secvlac ar gvicdia. Sardze gasasvlelad meoTxed bruns vakeTebdiT, adgomis Sansi ar iyo. sardafi xelisguliviT Canda im veberTela fanjrebidan, romelic Cvens sardafs hqonda. RmerTma carieli yuTebi Cvens gadasarCenad daawyobina sardafSi. mTeli dRis manZilze yovel wams RmerTs vTxovdi mfarvelobas, axla mrcxvenia xolme, ise gava zogierTi dRe, mamao Cvenos Tqma damaviwydeba.

saRamo axlovdeboda, saswaulis molodinSi viyavi, nuTu marTla gvewera sicocxle? riJraJi Cadga Cvens fanjrebSi, wamojdoma SeiZleboda ukve. avtomatis Camketi Cavkete, naxevar saaTSi

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sakmaod dabnelda, sxvaTa Soris, mTvariani Rame iyo, gadavwyviteT oCamCire dagvetovebina RamiT, Tu movaxerxebdiT. gamovZveriT sardafidan da daviZariT zRvis mimarTulebiT. SimSilma gagvaxsena Tavi. cocxal kacs bevri moTxovnileba uCndeba, yvelasTvis cnobilia. aqa-iq SemorCenil bostneulis marcvlebs wavawydiT, ezo-ezo gadasvlis dros ramdenime xmeli lobios parki vipoveT, gavinawileT, saSineli gemo hqonda. omari, givis ufrosi Zma, asakiT yvelaze ufrosi iyo Cvens Soris, man gzis gakvleva ikisra, Tan oCamCires orientaciiT mainc cnobda. erT ezoSi didi zomis saRore iyo “setkasTan”. SevixedeT SigniT, didi xnis daclili iyo, radganac gamomSrali iyo iataki, SevZveriT oTxive, adgili kide blomad iyo, cota rom davisveneT, omarim gviTxra, waval gzas davzverav da davbrundebio, ramdenime wuTSi sirbiliT dabrunda CvenTan, gaisma ZaRlis yefac meore “setkasTan”, Turme omaris momdevno saxlSi SeuniSnavs moxuci kaci, romelic gamosula mandarinebSi mosaSardad. omars dauZaxia xmadabla, ”hei, ni boisa, ia gruzino”, is sacodavi SarvalCaxdili gaqceula saxlSi, iqedan ki boevikebi gamocvenilan, amasobaSi ki omarim Cvenamdis mosvla moaxerxa. albaT, im moxucs dResac dascinian, mogeCvenao, boevikebma moaTvalieres iqauroba. Cven saRoridan vuTvalTvalebdiT, roca “setkasTan” movidnen. quCebSi mZime teqnika dagugunebda, zeimobdnen, ratomac ara, uomrad amxela teritoriis dakaveba gana sazeimo ar iyo? omarim axla meore gzis dazverva gadawyvita, cota daagvianda. Cven vnerviulobdiT, ai, isic gamoCnda. xeliT gvaniSna, misi mimarTulebiT wavsuliyaviT, gamovZveriT da daviZariT samanqano gzis mimarTulebiT, xoxviT mivadeqiT gzis napirs. tankma Caiara, Semdeg boevikebmac, Cven WiSkarSi gavxoxdiT da arxSi CavediT. arxi savse iyo WuWyiani wyliT, sxva gza ar iyo. es iyo erTaderTi gza gadarCenisa. avtomatebi wylis zemoT gveWira, daviRaleT, magram ras vizamdiT, saxlebis win bogirebi iyo. WuWyiani wyali TiTqmis avsebda bogiramde, Tavis amosayofiRa rCeboda, avtomati da Tavi wylis zemoT, ase miviwevdiT zRvisken. erT monakveTze ZaRlma SegvniSna, yefa-yefiT mogvdevda. kidev kargi, aravis SeuniSnivarT.

mivaRwieT zRvamde, omari gagviZRva da galisken aviReT gezi. oCamCiris da galis sazRvars rom mivuaxlovdiT, daviwyeT fiqri, rogor gagverRvia sazRvari, Cven ra vicodiT, galic Tu gayiduli iyo, rogorc danarCeni afxazeTi. gadavwyviteT: erTad mivaxloebodiT

sazRvars. erTi xelyumbara hqonda omaris. me davkarge axaldabidan gamosvlisas, eklebis arxSi rom vxoxavdiT, albaT, iq. erTi sityviT, xelyumbaras vesrodiT, Semdeg avtomatebiT CavxocavdiT sangarSi da gadavirbendiT mdinares. es gvqonda gegmaSi, magram es ar dagvWirda, sangrebSi aravin dagvxvda, aman ufro gagvakvirva, gadavlaxeT mdinare RaliZga. davrCiT tyeSi yovelgvari informaciis gareSe. erT adgilas Waobis arxi iyo, gadasvla SeuZlebeli gaxda, gavyeviT mis napirs da erT naxevradwaqceul xes mivadeqiT, romelic TiTqmis wvdeboda meore napirs. axla masze axoxeba da gadaxtoma iyo saWiro. es me, mamukam da omarim SedarebiT advilad movaxerxeT, xolo givim ramdenjerac scada, imdenjer Cacurda qvemoT, Cven ukan ver gadavidodiT, radgan xis wvero maRalze iyo Cveni mxridan, givi ki ver gadmodioda, davjeqiT da davisveneT. givim moikriba Zalebi da axoxda xeze, amjerad gaumarTla, xis kenweros moeqca TavSi da gadmoxta, daTvis beliviT dagorda miwaze.

gavagrZeleT gza. radgan gadavrCiT, axla SimSilma Segvawuxa, erT maRal xeze cota moukrefavi yurZeni iyo SemorCenili, vazis Ziri davqaCeT da Camoiyara mtevnebi. Zalian cota iyo, gavagrZeleT gza. aravin Canda, erTi manqanis mitovebuli misabmeli savse iyo sazamTroTi. axla ki vcxondiT, SimSilis grZnoba aRar arsebobda, mwife sazamTros sisxliviT wiTeli guliT davnayrdiT. erT ezoSi moxuci qali vnaxeT, vkiTxeT, ra xdeba, xalxi sad aris Tqo, ra vicio, Tqva, afxazebi xom ar ginaxavs SeiaraRebuli-meTqi, vin afxazebi, aravin ar yofila aq SeiaraRebulio. axla ukve galis trasas mivuyvebodiT, velosipediT kaci Semogvxvda, gavaCereT, manac gaikvirva, risi omi, galSi oms ra undao, davrwmundiT, rom aqeT ar iyvnen Semosuli, magram mwared vcdebodiT.

mivaRwieT primorsks, sadac galis samxedro nawili yofila ganlagebuli, sanam omi mimdinareobda soxumSi da tyvarCelis mimarTulebiT. axla carieli iyo. ar vici kitovans gayvnen ukan Tu gaaswres, magram faqti jiutia, omi aravis ar undoda, ase gamovida. Slagbaumi iyo nawilis win Caketili, iqve azbestis msxvili diametris mili egdo, erTi skami iyo nawilis Sesasvlel karTan, romelzec givi Camojda. me trasas gavxede. satvirTo manqana modioda, Zalian Sors iyo, ver gaarCevdi risi iyo, biWebs vuTxari, SevideT mitovebul nawilSi, Tavi davizRvioT-meTqi, uari Tqves,

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Cvenebi iqnebian da zugdidamdis wavyvebiTo. omarim Tqva, manam Seval, iqneb vinme vnaxo, ambavi rom vkiTxoo, mamukamac, mec gavyvebio da Sevidnen betonis galavniT Semortymul yofil samxedro nawilSi. manqana gviaxlovdeboda, givis vuTxari, Cvenc SevideT-meTqi, daezara. me givi ar davtove. guls darCena ar undoda, vin icoda, ra moxdeboda. manqana gaCerda. “kabinaSi” sami kaci ijda, samxedroebi, Zaraze “gradi” iyo damontaJebuli, mis irgvliv ki aT kacze meti iqneboda Semomsxdari. gaiRo “kabinis” kari. oficerma cali fexi Camodga “kabinaSi” Sesasvlelze da afxazurad daelaparaka givis. me manqanis win avRmovCndi, givim svanuri kiloTi mimarTa rusulad ”mi tolko Cto priSlio” da avtomats mWidi miago, viTomcda aq araferio, me amasobaSi xeliT vaniSne, Slagbaums gavaReb da gagiSvebT–meTqi. es yvelaferi wamebSi moxda, sanam me didi radiusis mils TiTqmis gadavafrindi, givim avtomaturi cecxli gaxsna, rasac Cemi avtomatis erTjeriani srolis xma SeuerTda, erTjeriani mitom, rom tyviebi cota mqonda, mxolod ori mWidi mqonda, danarCeni maragi zurgCanTaSi mqonda calobiT, magram imis amoRebas da datenvas vin maclida. pirveli oficers vesrole, kabinidan fexi rom gamoyo, imas Semdeg mis gverdSi mjdoms, isic oficeri iyo. amasobaSi mZRolma manqana ukan dawia cotaTi da azbestis mils daajaxa, ras uzamda, mkerdamdis miwevda milis simaRle, odnav gadmogorda, es wamebSi moxda. mesame tyvia mZRols vesrole da rulze dado Tavi. Semdeg jeriT srola daviwye, erTi mWidi gaTavda, meore “trasirebiT” (“trasiri” aris cecxlmfrqvevi tyvia) mqonda savse, mivage da isev Camovyevi, xelmeored vesrodi, ramodenime tyvia manqanis skamebis mimarTulebiT visrole, cecxli rom mokideboda, givisken gavixede, givi ar Canda, mec gasaqcevad movemzade im karebisken, romelSic omari da mamuka Sevidnen, givi ar daminaxavs sad wavida. kidev erTxel gadavxede gradis manqanis irgvliv da rom veravin davinaxe cocxali, wasvlis gadawyvetileba miviRe, magram Canafiqri gamayruebelma xmam eqod gadaaqcia da Sori ZaxiliviT Camesmoda yurSi. Cemi avtomati Zirs egdo. me manqanas vuyurebdi, azri ar hqonda damalvas. mTeli sxeulidan sisxli SadrevaniviT asxamda, fexTan axlos, oc-ocdaaT santimetrSi, xelyumbaris Savi kvamli iSleboda, momeCvena TiTqos kvamlma kubos forma miiRo, Ceqma sisxliT ivseboda, velodi rodis mesroda morig tyvias. veravin davinaxe, grZnobac ar damikargavs.

uceb avtomats davwvdi, isev mimovixede irgvliv, cocxali aravin Canda, idealuri simyudrove Camodga, TiTqos dedamiwaze Cems meti cocxali ar arsebobda. siaruli SemeZlo, karebisken wavedi, manqanas Savi boli asdioda, micvalebulebi erTmaneTze iyvnen misvenebulni. sisxli marjvena xelidanac asxamda, zurgCanTis simZime autaneli gaxda, karebidan oTx-xuT metrSi davagde da iqve kuTxeSi davweqi. Tu vinme Semovidoda, waviyolebdi imqveynad da saqarTvelos moakldeboda mteri. TiTqos miwidan amoZvrao, uiaraRo kaci gamovida saTvalTvalo punqtis qvemodan. biZia qarTveli var, zurgCanTaSi tyviebi maqvs, momawodeT Tu ar SewuxdebiT-meTqi, am laparakSi is Cems win idga or-sam metrSi da momaxala: qarTveli rom xar imitom, Seni dedis ase da iseo. me vifiqre, daWrili var, albaT, momeCvena, xom ar gavborotdi-meTqi, ver gavige Tqo. isev gamimeora ar dafiqrebula, mec ar davfiqrebulvar meti, trasirma gauara gulSi da isic CemsaviT asfaltze igdo, mxolod gansxvaveba is iyo, rom me jer cocxali viyavi, is ki - ara.

Tvalebs ar davujere, saidanRac Cems win omari aRmoCnda, givi sad ariso, mkiTxa, me vuTxari, gareT ar gaxvide, nu geSinia, is gamosulia, mamuka sad aris-meTqi vkiTxe, iq darCao, me ver wamoval, Senc Cemi gulisTvis daiRupebi da wadi-meTqi, uWirda wasvla, magram ras izamda, Setrialda da wavida mamukas mimarTulebiT. kidev ramdenime wuTi gavida, omari Tvals miefara, me grZnobas ar vkargavdi, raRac sicocxlis imedi momeca, wamovdeqi da omaris mimarTulebiT wavedi, “setkazec” movaxerxe gadaxtoma. ramdenime “kempingi” iyo mwkrivSi, bolo “kempingSi” SevCerdi. tyemde asormocdaaTamde metri iqneboda, SemeZlo iqamdis miRweva, magram iq rom omari da mamuka ar damxvedroda, mkvdarsac veravin mnaxavda Semdeg, radgan aTasnairi qvewarmavlebi da cxovelebi SeWamdnen Cems sxeuls.

gadavwyvite am bolo kempingSi gavCerebuliyavi, mWidSi ramdeni tyvia damrCa ar vicodi, magram Semowmebis Tavi ar mqonda, radgan xelisgulSi, majaSi da mxarSi daWrili viyavi. aseve mTeli marjvena sxeuli dacxriluli mqonda, Sevedi kempingSi. sul erTi viwro Sesasvlelisa da erTi patara gapartaxebuli oTaxisgan Sedgeboda. kari, fanjara da iataki ar hqonda, oTaxis maStabebTan SedarebiT safanjre didi sivrce iyo CrdiloeTis mxareze, iatakis magivrad ki mSrali miwis mtveri da daSlili sabnis bamba iyo erTmaneTSi

�2 4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009

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areuli. fanjarasTan davdeqi da velodi mteris gamoCenas. brZola sikvdilamde! iaraRiT xelSi sikvdili araferia, piriqiT, siamayis grZnoba mqonda, radgan ocdaoTxi weli da ramdenime dRe vaJkacurad vicxovre. guli mxolod imaze mtkioda, rom ojaxis wevrebi daitanjebodnen. aravin Canda, sisustes vgrZnobdi, vfiqrobdi, sanam grZnobas ar davkargav, fexze viqnebi-meTqi daTa TuTaSxias msgavsad. es nawarmoebi CemTvis yvelaze saukeTesoa, amitomac Cems biWs daTa davarqvi. rodis Cavikece ar gamigia, grZnobaze rom movedi, mtvriani bambis naglejebSi vegde. axla vfiqrob, albaT, waqceuls TavSi sisxli mome-woda, isev avdeqi, isev fexze vxvdebodi sikvdils da CrdiloeTisken vixedebodi, risTvis ar gveSvebodnen, ras gverCodnen, rusebisTvis ra dagviSavebia, Tavisuflebas viTxovdiT, saqarT-velo monobas ver itans. kidev daibadeba daviT aRmaSenebeli, kidev aRdgeba yvela qarTvelSi Rirseba da Tu dagvWirda, mtrad mosuls, Tun-dac mTel msoflios davxvdebiT da ar SemovuS-vebT RvTisgan boZebul saqarTveloSi. ramdenjerme ganmeorda Cemi dacemis da wamod-gomis istoria, bolo-bolo adgoma ar SemeZlo. fexebi gaiTiSa. xelis moZraobas vaxerxebdi, ma-jaSi amoglejili Wriloba sisxliani mtvriT iyo savse. saSineli tkivilebi damewyo, sxeulma gasieba daiwyo, avtomats misabjenze daxveuli rezinis ”Jguti” movxseni, fexze gadaviWire, tkivilebma mimata, fexi CeqmaSi ar eteoda, ise gasivda. Ceqmis gaxdac SeuZlebeli gaxda, mt-vriani bambis naglejebi gadaviyare fexebze da

welze, xelebi da Tavi miCanda marto, RmerTs patieba vTxove, pasportis yrdaze ukanaskneli werili davwere, radgan erTaderTi misi gadar-Cenis Sansi, Cemi sikvdilis Semdeg, iq miviCnie da marTalic viyavi, danarCeni yvela sabuTi ga-nadgurda, mivide avtomatis lula ybis qvemo-dan da TiTi neli svliT davaWire avtomatis gamsrols, tkacanis xma gaisma, es iyo avtoma-tis bolo amosunTqva. RmerTs bolo msxverp-lad gamougzavnia is, vinc ZaliT momakvlevina Tavi. jibeebi moviCxrike, yovelTvis mqonda ori - sami tyvia yoveli SemTxvevisTvis gadanaxuli, veraferi vipove. oflma damasxa, sikvdilsac ver vaxerxebdi, tkivili mtanjavda, avtomats xufi avxade, zambara mtverSi davmale Cems gverdSi, gadamteni TavTan naxevari metris simaRleze myo-fi fanjridan gadavagde, is patara mowyobilobaa da advilad ver ipovidnen (afxazebi myavs mxedv-elobaSi) Tu ar icodnen, daaxloebiT sad egdo, Cavixute avtomati, yovelnairi imedi gadawu-ruli iyo, Tavis mokvlis Sansic ar damrCa. am SemTxvevaSi is naTqvami gamoiricxa, romelic ambobs, erTi gza yovelTvis arsebobso. es Tavis mokvlazea naTqvami, rogorc yvelam viciT. me es gzac aRar mqonda darCenili, magram ra vicodi, Tu RmerTs am doneze vuyvardi da yvela gza rTu-li, magram gaxsnili maqvs dRemde. zogjer fexis xma momesmeboda, me sunTqvas vaCerebdi, TiTqos mkvdari viyavi, tyved ar wamiyvanon-meTqi, ara-vin minaxavs, axla aSkaraa, rom meCveneboda. ra dro iyo, azrze ar viyavi, maxsovda mxolod is, rom diliT adre daviWeri, ukve tkivilebic aRar mawuxebda, yvelaferi gaTiSuli iyo. ase

gavatare mTeli dRe martom, RmerTis ana-bara, dideba mis sax-els. erTi sityviT, nel-nela vSordebodi aqaurobas. rodis davkarge grZnoba ar maxsovs, maxsovs ro-gorc sizmarSi, iseTi ram, magram es siz-mari ar iyo, amboben, feradi sizmari ar arsebobso, zogi am-bobs iSviaTado, me ki maxsovs: ukidegano min-dorSi viweqi, feradi yvavilebiT iyo mofe-nili, Citebis Jriamu-

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li ismoda irgvliv, zogic caSi navardobda, ca mowmendili iyo, mze kaSkaSebda, magram ise, rom Tvalis gasworeba SemeZlo. axaldabeli xar? _ es sityvebi SemoiWrnen CemSi, Tvalis gaxela ar mindoda. saocar sila-mazesTan ganSoreba miWirda, magram es sityvebi mosvenebas ar maZlevdnen, meordebodnen, TiTqos eqos gadahqonda tvinis sxvadasxva nawilSi. Tva-li rom gavaxile, fanjaraSi qeraTmiani mamakaci davinaxe, swored is mekiTxeboda, axaldabeli Tu viyavi. avtomats vepotinebodi, isic gamaxsenda, avtomatis nawilebi gadagdebuli rom mqonda, amasobaSi mivxvdi, es pirovneba, an mamukas da omaris gamogzavnili iyo, an givis, radganac isi-ni sxvadasxva mxares wavidnen, ki-meTqi, vuTxari. is fanjaras moSorda da ramdenime wuTSi Cems oTaxSi Semoabija, ramdenime wamSi givi Semohyva da mas kidev erTi ucxo pirovneba mohyva ukan. es pirovnebebi adgilobrivi macxovreblebi iyvnen, romelTac iaraRic ar hqondaT, Tavi rom daecvaT mtrisgan da tyeSi imalebodnen. me Cemi avtomati mas gavuwode, vinc pirvelma mnaxa, gadamaluli nawilebi sad iyo vaswavle, tyviebi zurgCanTa-Sia-meTqi, isic vaswavle, sad iyo. erTi wavida, daxocili mtris sisxlSi gasvrili sigaretis kolofebi moitana, me maTac igive vuTxari, rac omaris, givis vTxove. damtoveT da xelyumbara damitoveT-meTqi. ramazis cremlebi SevniSne, aq rogor dagtovebTo. givim da ramazim wamomwies, mxarze Sesma undodaT Cemi, saSineli tkivili vigrZeni, ramdenadac SemeZlo viyvire, damawvi-neT, vkvdebi-meTqi, sikvdils vin Cioda, vitan-jebodi, moTmena ar SeiZleboda, damawvines isev miwaze, kidev scades, isev uaresi, kidev vTxove wasuliyvnen, Cemi gulisTvis yvelani ar dai-RupoT-meTqi, ar meSvebodnen, maSin xelebi ga-vuwode, miwaze garTxmuli TreviT wamaCoCes tyisken. axla Ceqmebi saSinel tkivils mayeneb-da, gaxdiT ver gamxades marjvena fexze. fexi im doneze iyo gasivebuli, CeqmaSi TiTsac ver Cadeb-diT, daniT gaWres da sisxlSi gaJRenTili Ce-qma iqve miagdes. gza gagrZelda, fexebSi qviSa da eklebi merWoboda, magram sxva gza ar iyo, Cemi wamoyeneba ar SeiZleboda. sisxli ar iyo darCenili, vertikalur mdgomareobaSi Tavs rom miwodeboda. tyeSi rom aRmovCndiT, daisvenes bi-Webma da usafrTxo adgilis povnaze fiqrobdnen, sadRac wamaTries da buCqebSi dammales. metis Treva arc maT SeeZloT. erTi wavida, iqneb rame viSovo, daWrili rom davawvinoT, Tan saWmels mo-vitan rameso. ukve Ramdeboda, gadarCenis Sansi izrdeboda, radgan Rame mteri ver gvnaxavda. me

periodulad gonebas vkargavdi, givi eniT tuCebs misvelebda. wyali arsad ar iyo, gulic ameria, wiTeli siTxe amomdioda, sisxls maRebinebda gvegona, givi Turme cota xniT gadioda gverdze, itirebda da isev brundeboda CemTan, ar undo-da daenaxebia CemTvis, rom imedi ar hqonda Cemi gadarCenis, rom ar movkvdi, Semdeg gaxsenebiaT, marto sazamTro rom gvqonda naWami, wiTeli siTxec sazamTros wveni iyo. im pirovnebam Cem-Tvis saWmeli da gadasafarebeli moitana, givi Tavisi xeliT cdilobda eWmia, magram me ar Se-meZlo dameReWa, TviTon daReWa, magram verc is gadavylape, erTi sityviT, guli ar kvdeboda, danarCeni yvelaferi komaSi iyo. rogor gaTenda ar maxsovs, am detalebs gi-vis vkiTxav, is axla sxva qalaqSia. meore dRes adgilobrivi eqimi col-qmari momiyvanes. maT dambanes da raRac gamayuCebeli nemsi gamikeTes, dediSobila viyavi, radgan Sarvali da zeda ver gamxades, ise viyavi gasivebuli da SemomaWres yvelaferi tanze. roca grZnobaze kargad mov-diodi, tkivilebic piks aRwevda. viRacam gi-vis werili moutana, omaris da mamukas werils hgavso, - Tqva givim. isini saxelebs ar werdnen. givimac dauwera raRac, mas me rogorc mkvdari, ise movuxseniebivar im werilSi, radgan aranairi imedi ar hqonia Cemi gadarCenis, metic, safla-vis gaTxrac dauwyia, yovel wams eloda Turme Cems sikvdils, erTi sityviT, mamuka da omari moiyvanes CvenTan da axla, radgan ar gamiCerda guli, daiwyes fiqri, Tu rogor wamomiyvand-nen zugdidSi, moWres ori grZeli sari, ”adi-ala” daamagres masze, damawvines da gadawyvites saRamos zRviT navis saSualebiT maqsimalurad wagvewia win. erTmaneTis naxvam Zala Semata Zmebs, samives vgu-lisxmob ZmebSi, radgan ori alali Zmebi iyvnen, mesame ki - maTTan gazrdili biZaSvili. viRacam Zveli Sarvali momitana, saRile ar hqonda, ma-vTuliT Semikres, Sarvlis garda araferi ar mecva. navi dazianebuli iyo, kerZod, wvrili naxvreti hqonda, qila mogvitanes, wyali rom ga-daesxaT biWebs navidan, Camawvines navis fskerze da navis cali joxiT SevcureT zRvaSi. dabnel-da. gonze rom movedi, wyalSi viweqi mTlianad, pirSi mlaSe wyali Camdioda, raimes Tqmis Tavi ar mqonda, wyals piridan ukan amosunTqviT va-brunebdi. xrialis xmam biWebi gamoaRviZa, Turme CasZinebodaT. aba, ra iqneboda, amdeni dRis na-tanji iyvnen. navis CaZirvas wamebi aSorebda, bi-Webi Tan wyals asxamdnen, Tan tansacmels ixdid-nen gadasaxtomad. navi gadarCa da biWebma mTeli

�� 4(23) ivlisi-agvisto 2009

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mondomebiT ganagrZes winsvla. iriJraJa. irgvliv araferi Canda, mdinaris dinebas navi Rrmad gautacia zRvaSi, raRac bun-dovnad SeniSnes biWebma da mis mimarTulebiT daiwyes brZola gadarCenisTvis. marTlac, ga-moCnda napiri. kargi gaTenebuli iyo, sanapiros rom mivadeqiT, kidev kargi, aravis davunaxivarT, Torem zRvaSi Cagvxocavdnen. mdinaridan navi amoaTries, mTlad sveli viyavi, moxra ar Seme-Zlo. biWebs uWirdaT aseT mdgomareobaSi Cemi gadaadgileba, navidan amoyvanisas iseTi tkivile-bi vigrZeni, sikvdili vinatre, cecxli daanTes, odnav SemaSvres. omarim Tqva Soreuli naTesavi cxovrobs sofelSi, iqneb rameSi dagvexmaroso, wamiyvanes da im naTesavis ezoSi, xis ZirSi dam-awvines. isev daTa TuTaSxia gamaxsenda: mwvane mindorSi, xis ZirSi sikvdili, marTlac, gansx-vavebuli yofila, magram RmerTs Turme gegmaSi ar hqonia Cemi sikvdili. male orTvalaSi gab-muli cxeni moiyvanes, damawvines xis orTvala-ze da gaveSureT soflis Siga gzebiT zugdidis mimarTulebiT. xelyumbaris namsxvrevebi mTeli zurgis areSi saSinel tkivils mayenebdnen. gverdze dawolac ar SemeZlo, Tan gadabrunebasac ver vaxerxebdi. cxeni ki soflis qva-RorRian gzaze miaqroleb-da masze mobmul orTvalas, romelzec saSinel tkivils ganvicdidi, magram samagierod samSvi-dobos vuaxlovdebodiT, aucilebeli iyo erTi monakveTis centralur gzaze gasvla, gavediT da dainaxes, mtris mZime teqnika saxlTan idga. gzis gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli iyo. mze acxunebda. gzis napirze daayenes orTvala. biWebi gzidan gada-viden da “setkis” ZirSi dasxdnen, setkis meore mxares simindis yana iyo, me Tavis wamoweva movax-erxe da “bmp” davinaxe, sakmaod moSorebiT iyo, magram cxeni orTvalaTi versad gaiqceoda. maSin mivxvdi, rom sicocxlis Sansi mqonda, Tan ax-los viyaviT zugdiTTan. imedi iyo, zugdidic ar iqneboda gaCuqebuli mterze. simindebSi damalva iqneboda sicocxlis garanti, magram biWebi is-edac davtanje da araferi damiZaxia, RmerTs miv-ende da manac momxeda, “bmp” meore mimarTulebiT wavida, Torem Cemsken rom wamosuliyo, mnaxavdnen orTvalaze daWrils da iqve damacxrilavdnen. gza gavagrZeleT. saxlis avejiT datvirTuli traqtori idga engurTan axlos, cxeni orTva-laTi mdinares ver gadavidoda, amitom traqto-ris patrons sTxoves da am avejze maRla dam-awvines, traqtorma gadamiyvana enguris meore mxares. iq maSin egreT wodebuli “zviadistebi” iyvnen gamagrebuli, ambavi hkiTxes biWebs da

saswrafod Cemi saavadmyofoSi gadayvana gadaw-yvites mersedesis markis axalTaxali manqaniT. gadawies wina savarZeli da SemaZvrines, jdoma ar SemeZlo. axla ukve jariskacis mama gamax-senda. mersedesi ki TiTqmis mifrinavda. zugdidis respublikur saavadmyofoSi eqime-bi da eqTnebi Tavze damtrialebdnen. maT me si-cocxle SeminarCunes, agreTve “zviadistebis” qalTa jgufi iyo, organizacia ar maxsovs maTi, maT yvela wamali moitanes, rac saavadmyofos ar hqonda, sakmaod Zvirad Rirebuli. gansakuTreb-uli madloba minda gadavuxado eqTans lali fifias da eqims ramin Sonias, lalim mTeli cam-eti dRis manZilze sakuTari ZmasaviT momiara da TbilisSi gadmosvlisas axali tansacmeli maC-uqa. RmerTi iyos misi mfarveli. me sikvdilamde madlobeli viqnebi am adamianis. batonma raminma ki mesame dRes, tkivilebi rom ar mexsneboda Zlieri gamayuCeblebiT, yvela Wriloba damiT-valiera xelaxla, barZaySi gamWol Wrilobaze rom daaWira xeli, Cirqi saxeSi Seefrqva, masac da eqTansac, mis adgilze ki didi Cirqovani gam-Woli naxvreti darCa. eqTanma cremli ver Seikava, eqimi uceb Setrialda, Tan eqTans uTxra: saop-eraciod gaamzadeT da SemomiyvaneTo. operaciam warmatebiT Caiara, tkivilebma miklo, magram gamayuCeblebis gareSe mainc mouTmeneli tkivi-lebi mqonda. adre gamayuCeblebic ar mSveloda srulyofilad. eqims madloba gadavuxade, Rmer-Ti gfaravdes-meTqi vuTxari, metis gakeTeba ar SemeZlo, radgan afxazeTidan rogorc davibade dedisSobila, ise gadmomiyvanes sakaciT. erT diliT mamukas da, deda, da mamidebi Semov-idnen. es ise moulodneli iyo, cremli ver Sevi-kave, irmas (aw gardacvlili, RmerTma gaanaTos misi suli), mamukas das bodiSi movuxade, rom ver SevZeliT mamakacebma maTi usafrTxoeba da ty-veobaSi yofna mouwiaT mandilosnebs, magram Tu adamiani xar, veravis ver daukargav sikeTes. ty-veobaSi irmas da mis uaxloes megobar gogonebs axaldabeli afxazi mezoblis naTesavebi mfarv-elobdnen da xelSeuxebi gadmoiyvanes. mamida ki erT iseT mZime SemTxvevas yveba, ar mgonia arse-bobdes qarTveli mamakaci vinc amas moismens da Seuracxofilad ar igrZnobs Tavs, kerZod, erT dRes Sevardnilan boevikebi tyve qalebTan, cam-eti wlis gogona gauTreviaT, garkveuli drois Semdeg igi mouyvania erT boeviks da uTqvams: ”Ctob vi znali, ana Cestnaia bilao”. me TiTqos gavakeTe yvelaferi, rac erT rigiTs SeeZlo, ma-gram im gogonas TvalSi rogorebi viqnebiT yve-la qarTveli mamakaci, roca mas axsovs is, rom


qarTuli

mterma im ubedurebis dros isic miaxala Turme, ”gde tvoi gruzinskie boevikio”. piradad me ma-Sin sofel gudavaSi vibrZodi da Cveni Caxocili afxazebi zustad im soflebSi miusvenebiaT. ga-darCenils uTqvams, mxedrioni dagvesxa Tavso, es tyveobaSi myofebma gviambes Semdeg, Cven mx-edrionTan aranairi Sexeba ar gvqonda, ubralod mxedrionis nawili egona mas, vinc savaraudod me xelyumbara mesrola da daimala. erTxel erTi axaldabeli movida Cems sanaxa-vad, mamidis mezobeli, isic viRac naTesavTan iyo Sekedlebuli, masTan erTad bevri ltolvili yo-fila im saxlSi TavSefarebuli, maSin yvelaferi Wirda. erTi qila muraba gamoutanebia saxlis patrons, ucnobi daWrilisaTvis saCuqrad. es CemTvis mxolod saWmeli ar iyo. es iyo didi su-lieri Tanadgoma gaWirvebuli adamianebisadmi, yvelaferi rom nawildeboda, raTa xalxi gadar-Ceniliyo. RmerTma dalocos is ojaxebi, vinc daxmarebis xeli gauwoda gaWirvebul xalxs, sul sikeTe misceT RmerTma. amasobaSi xmebi vrceldeboda, afxazi boevikebi zugdidis bazarSi vnaxeTo. amis sarwmuno wyaro me ar maqvs, Tan arc mjera, radgan Tu „zviadis-tebi” afxazebs Seurigdnen da erTad apirebdnen brZolas, maSin me igive „zviadistebma“ gadamar-Cines md. enguris moyolebuli da loginze mi-jaWvuls Tavs mevlebodnen, maT me sicocxle SeminarCunes, didi madloba im keTil qarTve-lebs. erTi sityviT, gadawyvites Cemi TbilisSi wam-oyvana da qobaliasTan wavidnen saTxovnad, man-qana rom gamoeyoT Cems sadguramdis misayvanad. esec meore faqti, „zviadistebi“ rom ar ebrZod-nen rigiT mebrZolebs. qobalias swyenia, ratom migyavT, nuTu CvenTan yuradReba gakliaTo. ra-sac namdvilad ver vityodiT. Tu rame gWirdebaT, miTxariTo. mamidas uTqvams: TbilisSi naTesavebi gvyavs, ufro mogvxedaveno, ki batonoo da manqana gamouyolebia, sakaciT mecamete dRes wamiyvanes rkinigzis sadgurSi. iq asfaltze sakaceze dam-awvines, qalebi cremlebs ver malavdnen. erTma qalma ,,snikersi“ maCuqa, meorem - fuli. qalis guli mainc sxvaa, qali dedaa, qali yvelaferia. iq ufaso sasadilo funqcionirebda, xorciani saWmelic iyo. xalxi gaurkvevlobaSi iyo. mterTan brZola Sewyda da axla TiTqos omi mogvegos, erTmaneTs daetaknen, Camodga matarebeli, romelmac sam-trediamdis migviyvana. iq mdinaris iqeT-aqeT gzaabneuli orad gayofili qarTvelebi idgnen da bombebs da tyviebs gametebiT esrodnen erT-

maneTs, aba, maSin afxazeTisTvis da jer kidev iq darCenili tyveebisTvis vin moiclida? axla danaRmul xidze gviwevda gadasvla, me sakaciT mivyavdiT biWebs, „zviadistebma“ gviTxres, Cven gagiSvebT, magram isini dagxocaveno, meore mx-areze rom gadavediT, movardnen Jurnalistebi da gadamiRes video, interviu ar auRiaT, is kadrebi me ar minaxavs, xolo xidze gadmosvlis kadrebi, roca me sakaciT gadmovyavarT biWebs, (Tan bevri adamiani gadmodioda CvenTan erTad), bevrjer anaxes televiziiT. axla meore mxares gaukvirdaT, „zviadistebma“ rogor ar dagxo-ceso. me ki vfiqrobdi, Tu aseTi siZulvili iyo erTmaneTSi odiTganve, rogor movaRwieT aqa-mde. aqedan samtrediis saavadmyofoSi gadami-yvanes saswrafo manqaniT, iqedan ki TbilisSi gadmomiyvanes, respublikur saavadmyofoSi. Cems palataSi soxumSi wina xazze mebrZoli kaxeli vano damxvda, barZayi moglejili hqonda, Wurvi moxvedria, marto Zvali hqonda darCenili. me tkivilebma Semawuxa, eqTans vTxove, gamayuCebeli gamikeTe-meTqi, vanom Tavi moabruna, eqTans Tva-lebi daubriala da uTxra, wamali ar gaukeTo, Torem avdgebi cali fexiT da orives gadagyriT fanjridano. ormetriani vaJkaci iyo vano, yov-elTvis yvelaze win miiwevda mZime Setakebebze, wina xazze, erTxel fexSiSvela gadavida xidze, gardacvlila gavige, mgoni gulma uRalata, marTlac oqros guli hqonda, Zalian uyvarda saqarTvelo. eqTani gavida palatidan da aRar dabrunebula, me vanos vuTxari, ra miqeni, tkivi-lebi mklavs-meTqi, vanom mSvidad mipasuxa, Cven Tu wamals gavikeTebT, miveCveviT da vin ibrZo-lebs soxumis dasabruneblado, Semdeg Tavisi kunTmoglejili barZayi manaxa, gana me ar mt-kiva, magram viTmeno. erTi Tve gavida daWridan, ori yavarjniT sa-pirfareSoSi movaxerxe gasvla, magram Zalian mi-Wirda vertikalur mdgomareobaSi yofna. mets aRar mogawyenT Tavs. yvela gaWirveba gadalaxulia. didi brZolis Semdeg daviwye sam-saxuri damsaxurebulad, Sevqmeni ojaxi, myavs TerTmeti Tvis vaJkaci daviTi (daTa), viyide man-qana da vcxovrob imis imediT, rom davibrunebT samaCablos da afxazeTs, Tu omi iqneba saWiro, meore 37 Wrilobasac avitan saqarTvelos er-TianobisTvis da Cveni Svilebis keTildReo-bisTvis.

nugzar meSveliani


qarTuli

redaqciis misamarTi:

Georgischer Verein in Deutschland e.V. Leri Datashvili Roemerhofweg 51c 85748 Garching b. MŠnchen

dagvikavSirdiT: tel.: 0711/12 28 97 26 el. fosta: [email protected]

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germaniis qarTuli saTvistomos organogamoicema 2005 wlis oqtombridan

Das Organ des Georgischen Vereins in Deutschland e.V.Herausgegeben seit Oktober 2005

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- ÌÀÌÀ, ÀÈÀÓÉ ËÀÒÉ ÁÄÅÒÉÀ? - ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ, ÃÀáÀÒãÅÀ ÂÉÍÃÀ ÈÖ ÛÏÅÍÀ...

* * *(ØÀËÉ ØÖÜÀÛÉ) - ÅÉÓÉÀ ÄÓ ÞÀÙËÉ, ÂÀÉÚÅÀÍÄÈ, ÌÈÄË ÔÀÍÆÄ ÒßÚÉËÄÁÉ ÃÀÌÃÉÓ!.. (ÐÀÔÒÏÍÉ) - ÒÉÜÉ ÂÀÌÏÃÉ, áÏÌ áÄÃÀÅ ÀÌ ØÀËÓ ÒßÚÉËÖÁÉ ÚÏËÉÀ, ÀÒ ÂÀÃÀÂÄÃÏÓ!

* * *ÃÉËÉÈ ÀÃÂÀ ÈÖ ÀÒÀ ØÌÀÒÉ, ßÚËÉÓ ÃÀÓÀËÄÅÀÃ ßÀÅÉÃÀ. ÝÏËÉ ÄÊÉÈáÄÁÀ: - ÒÀÔÏÌ ÓÅÀÌ ÀÌÃÄÍ ßÚÀËÓ? - ÓÉÆÌÀÒÛÉ ÓÔÖÌÒÀÃ ÌÄÆÏÁÄËÈÀÍ ÅÉÚÀÅÉ, áÉÍÊÀËÉ ÂÀÀÊÄÈÀ ÃÀ ÝÏÔÀ ÌËÀÛÄ ÌÏÖÅÉÃÀ...

* * *- ÌÉÔÏ, ÛÄÍÉ „ÊÄÍÂÏËÉÓ“ ØÖÃÉ ÌÈËÀÃ ÀáËÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÖÒÄÁÀ. - áÖÈÉ ßËÉÓ ßÉÍÀÈ ÅÉÚÉÃÄ, ÏÙÏÍÃ ÓÀÌãÄÒ ÂÀÅßÌÉÍÃÄ ÃÀ ÏÈáãÄÒ ÒÄÓÔÏÒÀÍÛÉ ÓáÅÉÓÀÛÉ ÛÄÌÄÛÀËÀ...

- ÒÀ ÀÒÀÓÀÓÉÀÌÏÅÍÏ áÌÀÀ! ÅÉÍ ÌÙÄÒÉÓ? - ÜÄÌÉ ØÀËÉÛÅÉËÉ. - ÌÀÐÀÔÉÄÈ, ÉÝÉÈ, ÓÀØÌÄ ÌÀÒÔÏ áÌÀ ÊÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ, ÓÉÌÙÄÒÀÓÀÝ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ. ÓÀÛÉÍÄËÉ ÓÉÌÙÄÒÀÀ, ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏÀ, ÅÉÍ ÃÀßÄÒÀ? - ÌÄ.

* * *ÌÏÓÀÌÀÒÈËÄ: - ÅÉÍÝ ÀáËÀ ÓÉÜÖÌÄÓ ÃÀÀÒÙÅÄÅÓ, ØÖÜÀÛÉ

ÂÀÅÀÂÃÄÁ! ÁÒÀËÃÄÁÖËÉ: - ÅÀÛÀÀÀÀÀ!..

* * *- ÒÀ ÂàÉÒÓ, ÓÀáÄ ÃÀÓÉÓáÉËÀÍÄÁÖËÉ ÃÀ ÃÀÜáÀÐÍÖËÉ ÂÀØÅÓ, ÈÅÀËÄÁÉ ÜÀËÖÒãÄÁÖËÉ, ßÀÌÏ ÄÒÈÉ, ÓÀáËÛÉ ÌÉÂÀÝÉËÄÁ. - ÀÒ ÌÉÍÃÀ, ÉØÉÃÀÍ ÌÏÅÃÉÅÀÒ.

* * *ÄÒÈÉ ËÏÈÉ ÂÀÃÀÀßÚÃÀ ÌÄÏÒÄ ËÏÈÓ: - ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÉØÍÄÁÉ? - ÅÉØÍÄÁÉ. - ÌÀÛÉÍ ßÀÅÄÃÉÈ ÌÏÅÞÄÁÍÏÈ ÌÄÏÒÄ...

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