Protectii prin relee - principii si particularitati - Notiuni introductive
Protectii prin relee - principii si particularitati
Transcript of Protectii prin relee - principii si particularitati
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3/13/1
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
3_Principii si particularitati ale 3_Principii si particularitati ale principalelor protectii principalelor protectii
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3/23/2
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
• Definitie
• Zona protejata
• Utilizare
• Curent de dezechilibru
• Caracteristica de actionare
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3/33/3
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
Figura 1: Principiul protectiei diferentiale
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3/43/4
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
Definitii:
- curentul diferential sau de actionare in lipsa franarii
Idiff = │I1 + I2│
- curentul de stabilizare sau de franare
Ifr = │I1│+│I2│
Principiul protectiei diferentiale in echipamentele numerice
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3/53/5
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
Figura 2: Defect exterior sau curent de sarcina
I1 = -I2│I2│=│I1│
Rezulta
Idiff = │I1 + I2│
= │I1 – I1│= 0Ifr = │I1│+│I2│= │I1│+│I1│= 2.│I1 │
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3/63/6
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE Principii si particularitati Principii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentialaProtectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
Figura 3: Defect in zona protejata cu I2
0
I1 = I2│I2│=│I1│
RezultaIdiff = │I1+I2│= │I1+I1│= 2 ·
│I1│Istab = │I1│+│I2│= │I1│+│I1│= 2 ·
│I1│
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3/73/7
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
I2 =0
Rezulta
Idiff = │I1+I2│= │I1- 0│= │I1│Istab = │I1│+│I2│= │I1│+ 0 = │I1│
Figura 4: Defect in zona protejata cu I2=0
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3/83/8
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
Figura 5: Caracteristica de declansare a protectiei diferentiale
AB
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3/93/9
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)(ANSI 87)
Particularitati:
-stabilizare suplimentara in cazul aparitiei fenomenului de saturare atransformatoarelor de curent
-franarea prin continutul de armonici
-declansare instantanee in cazul aparitiei curentilor foarte mari in zona protejata
-cresterea temporara a valorii de demaraj la punerea sub tensiune a obiectului protejat (motor)
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3/103/10
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 6:Schema logicasimplificata a protectiei diferentiale
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3/113/11
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Parametri de reglaj (selectie):
-starea protectiei
-tipul obiectului protejat
-valoarea (pragul) de demaraj (valoarea curentului de lucru fara franare)
-valoarea de actionare instantanee
-valorile specifice ale segmentelor caracteristicii de actionare (punctul de plecaresi panta)
-temporizare
-valoarea de blocaj la armonici
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3/123/12
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Tipuri de protectii diferentiale:
-protectia diferentiala longitudinala (G, T, L)
-protectia diferentiala transversala
-protectia diferentiala homopolara
-protectia diferentiala completa si incompleta a barelor colectoare
-protectia diferentiala a longitudinala blocurilor generator transformator (G-T)
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3/133/13
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 7: Schema de realizare a protectiei diferentialecu TSR cu bobine de egalizare si de franare
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3/143/14
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 8: Aplicatii ale protectiei diferentiale
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3/153/15
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 9: Schema bloc a protectiei diferentiale
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3/163/16
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87) Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 10: Protectia diferentiala homopolara(Restricted earth fault protection - REF)
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3/173/17
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87) Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 11: Protectia diferentiala homopolara pentru transformatoare cu neutrul accesibil(Restricted earth fault protection - REF)
REF
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3/183/18
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87) Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 12: Protectia diferentiala homopolara pentru transformatoare cu neutrul inaccesibil (neutru creat cu BPN)
(Restricted earth fault protection - REF)
REF
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3/193/19
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87) Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 13: Protectia diferentiala homopolara pentru bobine de reactanta(Restricted earth fault protection - REF)
REF
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3/203/20
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87) Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
REF
Figura 14: Protectia diferentiala homopolara pentru un generator / motor(Restricted earth fault protection - REF)
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3/213/21
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 11: Principiul protectiei diferentiale homopolare
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3/223/22
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 12: Principiul protectiei diferentiale homopolare de impedanta mare
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3/233/23
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
Figura 12: Principiul protectiei diferentiale transversale
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3/243/24
Exemple de functionare eronata a protectiei diferentialeExemple de functionare eronata a protectiei diferentiale
•• avaria avaria dindin StatiaStatia GuraGura IalomiteiIalomitei 1990. La 1990. La revenirearevenirea tensiuniitensiunii dupa un dupa un scurtcircuitscurtcircuit pepe o o barabara colectoarecolectoare ((defectdefect eliminateliminat prinprin protectiaprotectia cupleicuplei), au ), au fostfost declansatedeclansate autotransformatoareleautotransformatoarele conectateconectate pepe aceaacea barabara prinprin protectiaprotectia diferentialadiferentiala datoritadatorita ineficacitatiiineficacitatii blocajuluiblocajului la la soculsocul curentuluicurentului de de magnetizaremagnetizare..
•• avaria de la Bucuresti Sud 1991. La un avaria de la Bucuresti Sud 1991. La un scurtcircuitscurtcircuit la la bornelebornele unuiunui transformatortransformator, , protectiaprotectia diferentialadiferentiala a a acestuiaacestuia ((realizatarealizata cucu un un releureleu RQS4T1) a RQS4T1) a comandatcomandat deconectareadeconectarea dupa 1,1sec, in dupa 1,1sec, in urmaurma celorlaltecelorlalte protectiiprotectii, , datoritadatorita interventieiinterventiei blocajuluiblocajului la la soculsocul de de magnetizaremagnetizare ((datoritadatorita curentuluicurentului mare de mare de scurtcircuitscurtcircuit se se presupunepresupune ca sca s--au au saturatsaturat transformatoareletransformatoarele de curentde curent, , aparandaparand armoniciarmonici superioaresuperioare de de ordinulordinul 2 si 3 2 si 3 care au care au activatactivat sistemulsistemul de de blocajblocaj..
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)Protectia diferentiala (ANSI 87)
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3/253/25
PROTECTII PRIN RELEEPROTECTII PRIN RELEE
Principii si particularitatiPrincipii si particularitati –– Protectia DRRI (50BF)Protectia DRRI (50BF)
Figura 13: Principiul protectiei 50BF DRRI (Breaker failure)
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3/263/26