PROSES EKOSISTEM:

VALUING

Sumber Utama :

1. Melso. 1980. Family and Environment. An Ecosystem Perspective

2. Soemarwoto. 1983. Ekologi Lingkungan Hidup dan Pembangunan

3. Sunarti. 2011. Optimalisasi Transaksi Materi dan Energi Keluarga

dengan Lingkungannya. FEMA IPB.

4. Sunarti. 2009. Ed. Pengembangan Model Ecovillage.

Pembangunan Kawasan Perdesaan serta Sumbangan Pertanian

Bagi Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Penduduk Perdesaan

Valuing

1. What are values ?

2. Value orientation

3. Value change

4. Developing values

5. Reinforcement & Modeling

6. Sources of Values

7. Diversity in family values

8. Function of values

Is the process by which this information and energy are rank-ordered as assigned priority in terms of importance in reaching desired goals

Perang SAMSUNG VS APPLEPerbedaan NILAI PLAGIARISM

1. What are values ?

1. Terminal values

– Personal: inner harmony, mature love, pleasure,

– Social: national security, world at peace, a world beauty

2. Instrumental values

– Moral behavior; honest, forgiving, loving

– Competence: ambitious, intellectual, imaginative

An enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence

• A COMPORTABLE LIFE• AN EXCITING LIFE• A SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT• A WORLD AT PEACE• A WORLD OF BEAUTY• EQUALITY• FAMILY SECURITY• FREEDOM• HAPPINESS• INNER HARMONY• MATURE LOVE• NATIONAL SECURITY• PLEASURE• SALVATION• SELF RESPECT• SOCIAL RECOGNITION• TRUE FRIENDSHIP• WISDOM

• AMBITIOUS• BROADMINDED• CAPABLE• CHEERFUL• CLEAN• COURAGEOUS• FORGIVING• HELPFUL• HONEST• IMAGINATIVE• INDEPENDENT• INTELLECTUAL• LOGICAL• LOVING• OBEDIENT• POLITE• RESPONSIBLE• SELF-CONTROLLED

TERMINAL VALUES INSTRUMENTAL VALUES

2. Basic Value Orientation (Kluck-hohn, 1951)

orientations preferences

1. Activity Being Being-in-becoming Doing

2. Relational Lineal collateral Individualist

3. Time Past present Future

4. Man-nature Subjugation-to-nature

Harmony with nature

Mastery over nature

5. Human nature evil Good and evil good

3. Value change

• Nilai yang berubah : freedom, democracy, justice, Responsibility,

• Contoh Perubahan nilai ditunjukkan pada

– Kehidupan imigran

– Nilai terkait pergerakan pemuda

– Nilai terkait pergerakan wanita

– Nilai Anak

– Nilai Perkawinan

4. Developing values• How does the individual acquire value orientations ? It does primarily

within the family

Talcott Parsons (1955): two mayor values within the family :

The instrumental & The expressive

Father is the instrumental leader who links the family with the community

The central importance of the father’s role is to interpret societal values

Parents (Father and mother) are transmitters of cultural-societal values

5. Reinforcement & modeling

• The transmissions of values operates primarily through two mechanisms: Reinforcement and Modeling

• Reinforcement: – the child is rewarded for behavior reflecting desired values and

punished or simply not rewarded for behavior contradicting approved values

• Modelling: – “….. is more important than reinforcement”

– Parents and other socializing agent communicate by heir behavior what is desired and expected of the child.

– “The Power of Observational Learning”

6. Sources of values

• Sources outside the family for the transmission of values

– School & peer groups

– Mass media , especially Television

7. Diversity in family values

• Not all families adhere with equal strength to dominant cultural values.

• There are class difference of family in value orientation: (upper – middle –lower) class families

• For-examples :

• Upper class families place greater stress on kin ties and ancestry than do middle class families

• Similarly, lower class families place stronger emphasis on extended family ties as a framework for economic and emotional support than do middle class families

• Lower class families emphasize the collateral rather than individual relational value orientation

Moos (1976) calls the family value orientation to the family environment

1. Cohesion;

(family members really help and support one another)

2. Expressiveness;

(there are a lot of spontaneous discussions in our family)

3. Conflict:

(family members often criticize each other )

This scale consists of three major dimension :

A. Relationship dimension

4. Independence;

(in our family, we are strongly encouraged to be independent)

5. Achievement orientation;

(getting ahead in life is very importance in our family)

6. Intellectual-cultural orientation;

(we often talk about political and social problems)

7. Active recreational;

(we often go to movies, sports events, camping, etc)

8. Moral religious emphasis;

(family members attend church, synagogue, Sunday school, mosque)

B. Personal growth dimension

9. Organization; (activities in our family are pretty carefully planned)

10. Control;

(there are very few rules to follow in our family)

C. system-Maintenance dimension

As modifiers of information. Values act as selective mechanism in filtering information concerning the environment

As modifiers of decision making (values as basic of family policy)

As modifiers of actions (for example : belief about appropriate tasks for men & women will underlie family division of labor. “Case of kibbutz”)

8. Function of values

Balance/ Harmonis

Maintenance (Kewajiban)

Freedom (Hak) Valuing, perceiving,

deciding, spacing,

Transaksi Materi, Informasi, Energi

Kuliatas Hidup Keluarga

Kuliatas Hidup Lingkungan

Pemenuhan KebutuhanPokok individu & keluarga

Konservasi, Reboisasi,recovery, Peduli-Berbagi

(Care-Share)Balance/ Harmonis

Balance/ Harmonis

Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Berkembangnya Nilai dan Perilaku:Freedom – Maintenance - Balance

Lingkungan Sosial

Transformasi materi,

energi, dan informasi

Transformasi materi dan

energi

KELUARGA

Proses: Perceiving, Valuing, Decision Making,

and Spacing

Lingkungan Alam

Kehidupan Manusia dan Lingkungan Berkualitas

Kehidupan Manusia dan Lingkungan Berkualitas

EksploitasiBorosRakusProfit Oriented (dll)

HematKonservasiReboisasiRecyclingDiversityKonversi (dll)

EmpatiHarmonisTenggang RasaToleransiMenghormatiMenghargaiMengasihiSocial Gathering (dll)

CuekAbaiAgresifTidak SensitifSelf Oriented (dll)

- + -+

TerkucilTerabaikanMarginalisasiDiskriminasiPertikaianSeparation (dll)

Dukungan SosialPerdamaianJaringan SosialMenghormatiMenghargaiMengasihi (dll)

SejahteraAmanTerjaminSehat (dll)

Ketidakseimbangan Alam (Kelangkaan Energi, Kekeringan, Bencana Alam)Kelaparan (dll)

- -++

Dampak

Perilaku

AB

B

C

C