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Power Quality

Training Courses

LPQIVES is co-finaced by:

LPQIVES is a programme of:

LPQI is part of:

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Voltage fluctuations/flicker

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Module 3

Voltage fluctuations/flicker

1 INTRODUCTIONVoltage fluctuations are the specific type of electromagnetic disturbances as their main effect thephenomenon of light flicker appears in the form of a negative direct influence on the humanorganism. Light flicker is the subjective sensation of variations in the luminous flux, whoseluminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time. Moreover, voltage fluctuations are thereason of adverse effects of technical and economic nature.

1.1 General aims

The seminar describes the flicker phenomenon and discusses the sources of voltage fluctuationsand their effects. It presents methods for analysis, measurement and limitation of voltagefluctuations in electric power networks. It describes the current state of standardization of thephenomenon in the light of international and national rules, and particularly considers the problemsthat are important for contracts closed between energy suppliers and consumers.

1.2 Target groupsThis modules target group are mainly:

end-users of equipment designers installers or contractor of installations

electric networks operators

equipment sellers and services providers in the electricity sector.

2 SPECIFIC AIMS AND TOPICSThe pathway of learning consists of a 2 days course, subdivided in sections (with differentduration), with these contents and related aims.

1st

dayContents Introduction, Basic terms and definitions, Description of the disturbances, Sources of

voltage fluctuationsEffects of voltage fluctuationsMeasuring methods and instrumentation

Aims Supplying knowledge concerning theoretical basics of disturbances, its sources, effects,and methods of assessment by means of measuring

2n

dayContents Standardisation of voltage fluctuations, flickermeter emission and immunity tests,

customer connection requirements (responsibility of the supplier, and the customer),measurement and assessment of voltage fluctuations

Aims Supplying knowledge concerning principles of measuring, contract formulation. Use ofthe obtained knowledge to analysis and solving problems related to voltage fluctuation(ASD, wind generation), and to practical measurements in laboratory.

Below theres a detailed overview of the course contents.

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2.1 Pathway of learning flow chart

Time progression(hours)

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3 COURSE DETAILED PROGRAM

First day:

60 mins Participants registration

5 mins Openning, informations, course introduction, course introduction

55 mins Section 1: Introduction

Basic terms and definitions Description of the disturbances Sources of voltage fluctuations (arc furnaces, induction motors etc.)

Effects of voltage fluctuations (influence on human organism, light sources,other equipment)

Modality: Lesson and discussion

60 mins Mitigation of voltage fluctuations (general considerations, synchronous

compensator, static compensators - SVC)Modality: Lesson and discussion

15 mins Coffee break60 mins Section 2: Measuring methods and instrumentation (flickermeter, measured

flicker severity)Modality: Lesson, computer laboratory and discussion

Second day:

45 mins Section 3: Standardisation of voltage fluctuations (general considerations,

compatibility levels, emission of voltage fluctuation, immunity levels, connectionof disturbing customers in MV and HV systems, voltage fluctuations in nationalregulationsModality: Lesson and discussion

45 mins Static compensatorsModality: Laboratory and discussion

15 mins Coffee break

60 mins Section 4: Flickermeter emission and immunity testsModality: Laboratory and discussion

60 mins Customer connection requirements (responsibility of the supplier and thecustomer)

Case study 1 - ASD Case study 2 - wind generationModality: Lesson and discussion

15 mins Coffee break

60 mins Section 5: Measurement and assessment of voltage fluctuationsModality: Laboratory and discussion

30 mins Final discussion and conclusions, End of the course, user satisfaction survey(users questionnaire),Confirmations of attendance

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4 GENERAL NOTES

each day there will be two coffee breaks according to the seminar program; at the beginning of the course the lecturer will explain course aims and at the end he will verify

their fulfilment;

the course will be divided in theoretical and practical sections; at the end of the lessons, a user satisfaction survey will help the lecturer in monitoring the course

quality.

5 TEACHING METHODS

Teaching methods are summarized in three main moments:

knowledge transfer (Lesson)

topics exposure by the lecturer with the help of slides and presentation of practical cases; deepening/learning verification (Discussion)

general discussion stimulated by the lecturer (also during the lesson) to verify knowledgetransfer;

practical training, laboratory activities; group work

During all the sections, the lecturer will always attend, with teaching and/or activity coordinationduty.

6 DIDACTIC MATERIAL

The didactic tools which will be used by the lecturers will be: Blackboard Video-projector Notebook Microphone

The lecture room will be suitable to allow the use of all the above listed didactic tools and to enablegroup work for the attendants.

Each user will receive, during the registration, a folder containing:

course program;

lecture notes containing all or part of the lecture slides.

Some additional electronic tools will be available also in electronic format at: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/drupal/.

The folder will also include a user satisfaction questionnaire and a knowledge test (which will beboth filled and submitted at the end of the course).

7 EXISTING KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS

The following (on the basic level) shall be prerequisite for the participant:

electric circuits theory: AC circuits

electric machines electric power engineering; power system

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power electronics electric metrology.

8 ACQUIRED COURSE KNOWLEDGE

The knowledge acquired during the course should be sufficient for:

identification of the distortion nature distortion source identification disturbance assessment by means of measuring evaluation of technical and economic effects of disturbance proposing remedial measures formulation of contract between the supplier and consumer of electric power on the basis of the

existing standards and regulations.