POPDEV (Basic Concepts)

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People-Centered Local

Development Planning

Population and Development (POPDEV)

Jeremias L. Cabasan

Information Officer III



“

”

The everyday activities of all humanbeings, communities and countries are

interrelated with population change,patterns and levels of use of natural

resources, the state of theenvironment, and the pace and quality

of social and economic development

B ACKGROUND

1994 International Conference on Population and Development



Populationaffects

developmentand

Development affects people

The BasicPremise



What do we meanby POPULATION?

• The NUMBER or SIZE of thepopulation (how many people arethere)

• The AGE COMPOSITION of thepopulation (how old or young thepopulation is)

• The SEX COMPOSITION of thepopulation (how many are malesand females)

• The SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of the

population (where are people



• FERTILITY – number of livebirths in the locality

• MORTALITY - deaths in thelocality

• MIGRATION – movement of

people from and to an area forpurposes of establishingresidence

What EVENTS directly affectPOPULATION?



POPULATIONOUTCOMES

1)SIZE2)STRUCTURE 3)DISTRIBUTION

• FERTILITY – refers tothe live births that

occurred in the locality• MORTALITY - refers to

the deaths of population

• MIGRATION – refers tothe movement ofpopulation into or out ofan area for purposes ofestablishing residence

POPULATIONEVENTS OR

PROCESSES

The relationship ofpopulation

outcomes and

population eventsor processes



Some information onpopulation



YEAR POPULATION SIZE AVERAGE RATE OF

INCREASE (%)1960 27,087,685 2.89

1970 36,684,486 3.08

1975 42,070,660 2.78

1980 48,098,460 2.71

1990 60,703,206 2.35

1995 68,616,536 2.32

2000 76,504,077 2.36

2010 92.34 Million 2.12

Source: National Statistics Office

The population grows by leaps and bounds.



80 & over

75 - 79

70 - 74

65 - 69

60 - 64

55 - 59

50 - 54

45 - 49

40 - 44

35 - 39

30 - 34

25 - 29

20 - 24

15 - 1910 - 14

5 - 9

0 - 4

8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8

(Percent to Total Population)

FemaleMale

Age Group

Source: NSO, 2010 Census of Population and Housing

The population is generally young



B i r t h s p e r w o m a n

For Women of Reproductive Age, theaverage number of children is 3.



0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

209172

162

NDHS 93

NDHS 98

FPS 06

WHO

200

High maternal mortality ratio or about 3-5T women dying/year

Sources: NDHS 1993 & 1998. FPS 2006, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA: “Maternal Mortality in 2000”.



Over half of yearly maternal deathsare unreported, invisible

OtherComplications

19%

Hypertension13%

Postpartumhemorrhage

8%Pregnancy with

abortiveoutcome

4%

Uncounted56%

Recorded Maternal Deaths inCivil Registry, 2002 (uncounteddeaths calculated from WHO2000 estimate less registryrecorded deaths)

Sources: http://www.doh.gov.ph/data_stat/html/maternal_deaths.htm

and “Maternal Mortality in 2000” by WHO, UNICEF & UNFPA

http://www.doh.gov.ph/data_stat/html/maternal_deaths.htm





Childbirth among poorest womenunattended by skilled attendants

0

20

40

60

80

100

Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest

1998

2003

Sources: Gwatkin, et al “Socio -Economic Differences in Health,Nutrition and Population in the Philippines”, 2000. NDHS 2003.

% of births attended by skilled attendants according to wealthquintilesin 1998 & 2003



46% of 3.1 M BirthsUnplanned/Unwanted (AGI-UPPI Study)



Many women having inducedabortion are poor, married and

Catholic

Poor 68%

Non Poor 32%

Married 91%

Non Married 9%

W/ 3+ children 57%

W/ <3 children 43%Non Catholic 13%

Catholic 87%

Profile of women who have abortion according to economicstatus, marital status, no. of children and religion

Source: UPPI-AGI, Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion in the Phil ., 2006



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Total

Wanted TFR TFR

Wanted and Actual Fertility Rates, bypoverty status

3.5

2.5

Filipino women have one child morethan their desired number ofchildren



There is a gap between the wantedfertility and actual fertility.

1993 NDHS

1998 NDHS

2003 NDHS



Poor women have the highest

unmet need for FP

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Total

17.3



23

1.0 old6.5 young

10 working-age persons (15-59 years old)

Filipinos have manydependents



Benchmark ICPDIndicators

Baseline(1990 or closest to1990)

Current Level(or yearclosest to2008)

Target by2015

ContraceptivePrevalence Rate40% (1993) 50.7 %

(2006)80%

Unmet need forfamily planning

26.2% (Total)12.4% (Spacing)13.8%(Limiting)

15.7 % (Total-2006)

< 7%

AdolescentFertility (15-19who have begunchildbearing)

6.3 % (2006)

Access to Family Planning is very low.



Clients*

Providers• Counseling and communication skills gap• Lack of FP supplies within areas with high unmet need• Non-initiation of discussion on FP with clientsLocal chief executives• Political Will

Lack of correctinformation

from the rightsource

*2011 FHS

Hard to get method 16.2%

Fear of side effects15.5%

Health concerns 6.5%

Poor financial andgeographical access

2.6%

Husband/partneropposes

3.2% Poor maleinvolvement

Reasons for Non-Use of

FP



Life Expectancy has increased.

Year Life expectancy at birthMale Female Gender Diff

(F-M)1970 57.3 61.5 4.2

1980 59.7 65.1 5.4

1990 62.2 67.4 5.2

1995 64.4 67.8 3.4

2002 66.9 72.2 5.3



Overseas employment rate has beenincreasing.



What isDEVELOPMENT?



Development isthe sustainedcapacity toachieve a betterquality of life



Quality of life involves the

CAPACITY & ABILITY :

TO DOTO BE



Capacities TO DO:• to do productive and rewarding

work (increased employment)• to enjoy nature in its pristine form

(improved environmentalprotection)

• to enjoy interaction with friends,family and other members of thecommunity (reduction of stigmarelated to certain diseases)

• to migrate to take advantage ofeconomic and socialopportunities (productivemigration)

• to bear and rear childrenachievement of desired fertilit



• to be free from premature death

(reduced mortality)• to be free from preventable

illness (reduced morbidity)• to be well-nourished (improved

nutritional status)• to be able to communicateideas and feelings (increasedliteracy)

• to be knowledgeable and skillful(increased education andtraining)

• to be free from physical harm(improved security)

Capacities TO BE:

THESE ARE DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES



What is Population

and DevelopmentIntegration?



Populationaffects

developmentand

Development affects people

The BasicPremise



Population and

Development is theexplicit consideration of

population factors indevelopment initiatives



POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT FACTORS areINTERRELATED and INTERDEPENDENT

Population Outcomes Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution

Development Processes(Capacity to do:)

Produce and consumegoods and servicesSave, invest and spend

Employ humanresources

Population Processes FertilityMortalityMigration

Development Outcomes

(Capacity to be:) Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental qualityand quantityWell-being



Population Outcomes

Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution


Produce and consumegoods and servicesSave, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR

PopulationSize

• What and how many goods andservices to produce

• Affects capacity to avail andconsume goods and services

• Determines level of savings andinvestments

• Determines the size of labor forceand types of employment

• Determines pressure to ENR



Why do we need to know thesize of population?

• To know the quantityof services we shouldoffer (how many peopleare needing certainservices)

• How many peopleare affected by adevelopment problem





Produce and consumegoods and services

Save, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR

Age & Sexcompositionof the

population

• What goods and services toproduce (different needs)

• Determines types ofemployment

• Determines pressure to ENR(e.g. lifestyles)



Why do we need to know thecomposition of the

population?• The composition of populationtells who are affected by aproblem

• Development needs differ by ageand sex

• Children have different needs

from that of adult or elderlypopulation

• Women have different needs

from that of men





Produce and consumegoods and services

Save, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR

Populationdistribution(location of

the people)

• What to produce and How goodsand services are distributed

• Determines types of employment

• Determines pressure to ENR (e.g.encroachment)



Why do we need to know the location orspatial distribution of population?

• Population distribution determinewhere the services should bedistributed

• Development needs andaccessibility of services differ bylocation

• People in the rural areas havepoorer socio-economicconditions compared to thosein the urban






Population Processes FertilityMortality

Migration

Development Outcomes(Capacity to be:)

Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental qualityand quantityOther well-beingindicators



Population Processes

FertilityMortality

Migration


Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental quality andquantity

Level ofeducation,income and

employmentstatus

• Poor women have higherfertility and closer birthspacing

• Mortality is higher among

the poor• People usually move in

search for greener pasture




FertilityMortality

Migration



Healthstatus

• Health conditions of womenaffect fertility decisions

• Health status determinesmortality level

• Health is a major considerationfor migration decisions




FertilityMortality

Migration



ENRQuality

• ENR affects fertility throughlocation and environmentalinfections affecting health

• Environmental contaminations

and infections affects health• Location of people affects

migration decisions



POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT FACTORS areINTERRELATED and INTERDEPENDENT





FertilityMortalityMigration

Development Outcomes

(Capacity to be:) Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental qualityand quantityWell-being



The conditionof the peopletells whatkind ofservices anddevelopmentwe have



What is DevelopmentPlanning?

a collective effort of thelocality to enable PEOPLEto chart and achieve their

needs and aspirations



WHAT IS POPDEV INTEGRATION IN DEVELOPMENT P LANNING ?

The explicit consideration ofpopulation and development

(socio-economic, demographic,physical, cultural, etc.)

interrelationships in the entireplanning process

Generating New



Settingthe

Vision

DeterminingCurrent Reality

in the LGU

ExtractingIntelligence

DeterminingPolicy Options

Generating NewInformation (Observed

Conditions)

Setting Goals,Objectives &

Targets

Screening of PPAs/Legislations Structuring

Solutions

InvestmentProgramming

Budgeting

Implementing thePlan/ Enforcing

Regulations

Plan Monitoringand Evaluation

SimpleGoals ComplexGoals

LEGISLATIVEAGENDA

Determining Vision– Reality Gap



PEOPLE

are the SUBJECT andOBJECT OF

DEVELOPMENT



POPDEV Integration isbasically…

“Putting PEOPLE atthe center of

DEVELOPMENT ”

W POPDEV



WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT P LANNING ?

• POPDEV approach is a WAY ofTHINKING and DOING

THINGS• An approach of putting people –

their needs and well-being – at thecenter of development or theprimary consideration for developmentplanning

WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO



POPDEV Integration is:

• Not ONLY us ing p opu lat ion as a demandvar iable but lo ok s a t people as the acto rs andend benef ic iar ies of d evelop m ent act ivi t ies

• Not ONLY con cerned on achiev ing po pu lat iongo als bu t on h ow these go als cont r ibu te todevelopment

• Not ONLY focused on fam i ly p lann ing o rpop u lat ion p rograms bu t o n w ha t arepo pula t ion in tervent ions tha t cont r ibu tes todevelopm ent go a ls and v ice versa

WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT P LANNING ?



POPDEV Approach toPlanning DOES NOTrequire a separate

PLAN



POPDEV in planning

means… • Looking at how population factorsis affected by development and inturn how people affect development

• Does my resources provide for the welfare ofmy entire constituents?

• Who are the most vulnerable and at-riskpopulation?

• What needs of the population should Iaddress first?

• How would my program affect the welfare of

the people?



…to make POPDEV Integrationan effective tool for

development…we need toknow:

• What problem is affecting thepeople?

• Who are affected?• Where are the affected

population located?



• POPDEV approach to ensures:

• More comprehensive description of the people,locality and the situations and conditions thatsurround them (using the POPDEV frameworks)

• Deeper analysis of:

• the interacting population and developmentfactors that affect a certain problem condition

• WHO, WHERE, and HOW MANY are theaffected and target population, the extent oftheir problem, and the factors that broughtthis problem



• POPDEV approach to ensures:

• Deeper analysis of the potentialimpact of identified programs andprojects

• Identification of more responsive,equitable and effective interventions(policy and programs)

• Greater efficiency in resourceallocation

CONCLUSION



CONCLUSION

By explicit integration of population anddevelopment dimensions indevelopment planning we can gain

•GREATER EFFECTIVENESS OFPROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

•GREATER EFFICIENCY OFRESOURCE ALLOCATION

•GREATER EQUITY-IMPACT AMONG TARGET POPULATION



POPULATION andDEVELOPMENT Integration

is basically…

“Putting PEOPLE atthe center of

DEVELOPMENT ”

POPDEV (Basic Concepts)

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