Plant Subterannian organs

8/6/2019 Plant Subterannian organs

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RAUWOLFIA ROOT(Indian Snake root

Origin:The dried rhizomes and roots of

Rauwolfia serpentina , FamilyApocynaceae.

G. sources:India, Pakistan, Burma and Thailand.


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Active constituents:Indole alkaloids, the important of which

are: Ajmaline , ajmalinine, ajmalicine,serpintine, serpintinine, reserpine andrescinnaminePhytosterols, fatty acids, unsaturatedalcohols, dextrose and fumaric acid.


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Uses:In treatment of insomnia.

In treatment of hypertension and incertain neuropsychiatric disorders.Ajmaline, which has pharmacological

properties similar to those of quinidineis marketed in Japan for the treatmentof cardiac arrythmia.


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Important Notes:The antihypertensive action of reserpine isattributed to its sympatholytic action. Its anadrenergic blocker leading to decrease in thecardiac output and in the peripheral vascular resistance.Reserpine doesnt initiate breast cancer butit may promote breast cancer from the

previously initiated cells.Rauwolfia is contraindicated with CNSdepressants.


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Aconite root

Wolfs bane rootOrigin:The dried roots of Ac onitum napellus ,

Family Ranunculaceae.

G. sources:

It is growing abundantly in CentralEurope and cultivated in England.


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Odour & taste: Slight odour but the taste issweet then bitter and finally gives asensation of numbness to the tongue.shows a stellate cambium with five to eight

angles. The amount of lignified tissue issmall, the greater part of the rootconsisting of parenchyma containingstarch from pith and secondary phloem.


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Active constituents:

Diterpene ester alkaloids: aconitine,picraconitine and aconine, mesaconitine,hypaconitine, neopelline, napelline etc.Starch and aconitic acid.

Uses:Aconite preparations as well as aconitinealkaloid were formerly used externally incertain neuralgia and rheumatism and

internally in cases of fever and pain.Aconite is a very potent and quite actingpoison which is now rarely used.


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Toxicity of aconitine:On CNS, excitation followed by inhibition of thevagus and sensory nerves.Systemic paralysis.Nausea and vomiting.Dizziness and intolerence of cold.Irritability and delirium.Hypotension, arrythmia, shock, coma and death.

P.S. Hydrocortisone is effective in treatment of Aconite toxicity if given only in the early stagesof the toxicity.


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rootrootRhatanyRhatanyroot,root,KrameriaKrameriaRhatanyRhatanyPeruvianPeruvian

OriginOrigin: : The dried roots of The dried roots of Krameria Krameria triandra triandra ,,

FamilyFamily LeguminosaeLeguminosae, known as, known asPeruvianPeruvian RhatanyRhatany. .

G. sources:G. sources:Peru and Bolivia.Peru and Bolivia.


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Active constituents:Active constituents:Phlobatannin or Krameria tannic acid (Phlobatannin or Krameria tannic acid (7 7--

99%).%).KrameriaKrameria- -red (Phlobaphene); a colouringred (Phlobaphene); a colouringmatter produced by oxidation of tannin.matter produced by oxidation of tannin.Starch and calcium oxalate.Starch and calcium oxalate.Benzofuran derivatives (ratanhiaphenols I,Benzofuran derivatives (ratanhiaphenols I,II).II).


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Uses:Uses: Astringent, the tincture of Krameria Astringent, the tincture of Krameria

is used as mouthis used as mouth- -washes.washes.Benzofuran, compounds are effectiveBenzofuran, compounds are effectiveUV filters and used in sun protectionUV filters and used in sun protectionpreparation.preparation.


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root, Marshmallow rootroot, Marshmallow rootAlthaeaAlthaea

OriginOrigin: :The dried root of The dried root of Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis ,,

Family Malvaceae.Family Malvaceae.

G. sources:G. sources:It is growing wild in England andIt is growing wild in England and

Europe. It is cultivated in France andEurope. It is cultivated in France andBelgium.Belgium.


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Active constituents:Marshmallow root contains from 25-35% of mucilage.

Starch, pectin, sugars.About 2% of asparagin (amide of aspartic acid).

Uses:Marshmallow root and also leaves are used as

emollient and demulcents, also used for makingpoultices.The powder is used as pill excipient.


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SARSAPARILLA ROOTSARSAPARILLA ROOT

OriginOrigin: :The dried roots and sometimes rhizomesThe dried roots and sometimes rhizomes

of of S imlax ornataS imlax ornata , Family Liliaceae., Family Liliaceae.

G. sources:G. sources:

Central America, especially Costa Rica.Central America, especially Costa Rica.


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Active constituents:Steroidal saponins which are closely

related to cortisone and sex hormones:1- Sarsaponin: A saponin glycoside, on

hydrolysis it yields the geninsarsapogenin and sugars.

2- Similagenin: Isomeric with sarsasa-pogenin.


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Uses:Uses:Formerly used in treatment of Formerly used in treatment of

syphilis, rheumatism andsyphilis, rheumatism andcertain skin diseases.certain skin diseases.Used in the partial synthesisUsed in the partial synthesisof cortisone and other of cortisone and other steroids.steroids.


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,,rootroot Alkanna Alkanna Alkanet Alkanet

OriginOrigin : :The dried root ofThe dried root of Alkanna tinctoria Alkanna tinctoria, ,

Family Boraginaceae.Family Boraginaceae.

G. sources:G. sources:

Growing in Hungary, South Europe andGrowing in Hungary, South Europe andTurkey.Turkey.


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Active constituents:Active constituents:Two red colouring substances of Two red colouring substances of

naphthaquinone derivatives which arenaphthaquinone derivatives which areanchusic acid and alkannic acid. The former anchusic acid and alkannic acid. The former turning green with alkalies while the latter turning green with alkalies while the latter turns blue.turns blue.

Uses:Uses:Alkanet is used for microscopical detectionAlkanet is used for microscopical detectionof fats and oils which stain red.of fats and oils which stain red.For colouring oils and ointments.For colouring oils and ointments.

Plant Subterannian organs

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