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Physics, Physicists and the History of Computation and Computers

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Computer 1766 Nautical Almanac

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Charlies Babbage 1791- 1871 Babbage 1823 (Difference Engine No.1

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Babbage's Difference Engine No.2

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Babbage Ada Lovelace 1815~1852 Analytical Engine

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George Boole Boole 1847~1852 Boolean Boolean {0,1} FALSE TRUE OR AND NOT

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Lord Kelvin (1824~1907) Lord Kelvin 1876 1950

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Herman Hollerith (1859~1929) 1790 1880 21000 Hollerith Tabulator 1890

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Tabulator 1890 62,622,250

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Thomas J. Watson 1874~1956 Watson & IBM 1914 Watson CTR Computing Tabulating Recording Co. Hollerith 1924 International Business Machine Co. IBM 1929 IBM

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Konard Zuse (1910~1995) Z1 1936 Zuse Plankalkul

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Z1 1943 Zuse 1989 Z1

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1941 Zuse Z3 Z1 Z3 5~10Hz 0.7 3 4 1944 1960 Z3

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J.V. Atanasoff & C. Berry 1941 : ABC Atanasoff-Berry Computer Drum DRAM ENIAC Atanasoff

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1941 : Harvard Mark I IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator IBM Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900~1973)

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J.P. Eckert (1919~1995) J.W. Mauchly (1907~1980) 1946 : ENIAC ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Eckert Mauchly 1945 11 150kW 18000 400 100Hz 5000 400 1955

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1920~30 60 20 1935 15 ENIAC

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vs. 1944 John von Neumann 1903~1957 ENIAC Eckert John von Neumann 1903~1957

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Logic Gate (a) B=A (b) B=

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"OR" gate: C=A BABC000 011 101 111

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240+204

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ENIAC ENIAC 1. 2. 3. Mauchly stored-program comptuer

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EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer ENIAC ENIAC EDVAC

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EDVAC ENIAC EDVAC 1. ENIAC 2. 3.

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Mercury Delay Line Eckert 1000

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EDVAC EDVAC 3600 ENIAC

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1945 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC Eckert

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Magnetic Core Memory 1950 MIT J.Forrester 0 1

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1954 UNIVAC

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2mm/1.3mm 0.18/0.10

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0.5/0.3 16384 32bit 32 128X128 16cmX16cm 524288 1968

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1950 1954 Texas Instrument 1956 UNIVAC

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1957: Fairchild Semicon. Gordon Moore Robert Noyce Fairchild IBM 1958 J. Kilby Si/Ge Fairchild Fairchild TI SI/GE 0.040.062

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1963: Fairchild 1963 907 0.0380.048

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1971 INTEL 4004 1968 Moore, Noyce Andrew Grove INTEL 1971 4004 INTEL 4004 4-bit 2300 11 0.110.15

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Moores Law

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Limitation of Moores Law

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1988: Mathematica 1986 Stephen Wolfram Wolfram Research 1988 Mathematica

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1989: World Wide Web 1989 CERN Tim Berners-Lee HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol URL: Uniform Resource Loc ator URL: Uniform Resource Loc ator Hypertext Markup Language Hypertext Markup Language WWW info.cern.ch WWW

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Next Generation? Quantum Computer? Quantum Computer? Bio Computer? Bio Computer? Molecular Computer? Molecular Computer?

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Quantum Computer 1980: R. P. Feynmann: information science and quantum mechanical processes 1980: R. P. Feynmann: information science and quantum mechanical processes 1985: D. Deutsch: quantum bit, quantum gate, and quantum computer 1985: D. Deutsch: quantum bit, quantum gate, and quantum computer

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