Physics, Physicists and the History of Computation and Computers 東海大學數學系 ‧ 環科系...
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Transcript of Physics, Physicists and the History of Computation and Computers 東海大學數學系 ‧ 環科系...
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Physics, Physicists and the History of Computation and Computers
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Computer1766Nautical Almanac
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Charlies Babbage1791-1871Babbage1823(Difference Engine No.1
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Babbage's Difference Engine No.2
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BabbageAda Lovelace1815~1852 Analytical Engine
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George Boole
Boole1847~1852Boolean
Boolean{0,1}FALSETRUEORANDNOT
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Lord Kelvin (1824~1907) Lord Kelvin 1876 1950
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Herman Hollerith (1859~1929)
1790188021000HollerithTabulator1890
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Tabulator 1890 62,622,250
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Thomas J. Watson1874~1956Watson & IBM1914 Watson CTRComputing Tabulating Recording Co. Hollerith1924 International Business Machine Co. IBM1929IBM
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Konard Zuse (1910~1995)Z11936ZusePlankalkul
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Z1 1943 Zuse 1989 Z1
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1941ZuseZ3Z1Z35~10Hz0.73419441960Z3
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J.V. Atanasoff & C. Berry1941 : ABC Atanasoff-BerryComputerDrum DRAM ENIACAtanasoff
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1941 : Harvard Mark IIBMAutomatic Sequence Controlled CalculatorIBM Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900~1973)
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J.P. Eckert (1919~1995)J.W. Mauchly (1907~1980)1946 : ENIACENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and ComputerEckertMauchly194511150kW18000400100Hz50004001955
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1920~306020193515ENIAC
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vs. 1944John von Neumann1903~1957 ENIACEckertJohn von Neumann1903~1957
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Logic Gate(a) B=A(b) B=
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"OR" gate: C=AB
ABC000011101111
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240+204
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ENIAC ENIAC
1. 2. 3.
Mauchlystored-program comptuer
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EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic ComputerENIACENIACEDVAC
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EDVAC ENIAC EDVAC
1.ENIAC2.3.
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Mercury Delay LineEckert1000
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EDVAC
EDVAC3600ENIAC
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1945 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC Eckert
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Magnetic Core Memory1950MITJ.Forrester01
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1954UNIVAC
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2mm/1.3mm0.18/0.10
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0.5/0.31638432bit32128X12816cmX16cm5242881968
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19501954Texas Instrument1956UNIVAC
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1957: Fairchild Semicon. Gordon Moore Robert Noyce Fairchild IBM1958J. KilbySi/GeFairchildFairchildTISI/GE0.040.062
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1963: Fairchild 1963 907 0.0380.048
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1971INTEL 40041968Moore, Noyce Andrew GroveINTEL 19714004INTEL 4004 4-bit 2300110.110.15
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Moores Law
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Limitation of Moores Law
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1988: Mathematica1986Stephen WolframWolfram Research1988Mathematica
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1989: World Wide Web1989CERNTim Berners-LeeHTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol URL: Uniform Resource Loc ator Hypertext Markup Language WWWinfo.cern.chWWW
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Next Generation?Quantum Computer?Bio Computer?Molecular Computer?
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Quantum Computer1980: R. P. Feynmann: information science and quantum mechanical processes1985: D. Deutsch: quantum bit, quantum gate, and quantum computer