Personality Presentation Blac Kboard (2)

7/27/2019 Personality Presentation Blac Kboard (2)

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PERSONALITY

Objective of the present session:

To understand individual differences and their

importance in understanding behavior. To be able to understand the basic concepts of

personality theories

Explain how personality is measured

Identify several personality characteristics and their

influences on behavior using case study and otherexercises.


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Individual differences and OB

The way in which factor such as skills,abilities, personalities, perceptions, attitudes,values and ethics differ from one individual to

another


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Variables Influencing Individual Behavior

The person The environment

Skills and abilities Organization

Personality Work Group

Perception Job

Attitudes Personal LifeValues

Ethics

Behaviour


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Individual differences and OB

In order to understand human behavior, wemust know something about the personand something about the situation.

Personality is one such important andfascinating individual difference tounderstand human behavior.


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Personality

Personality refers to the psychologicalqualities that influence an individualscharacteristic behavior patterns in a

broadly distinctive and consistent manner,across different situation and time

The sum total of ways in which anindividual reacts and interacts with others

Striking and habitual features of a personsbehavior


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Personality Theories

Four major theories-

1.Trait theory2.Psychodynamic theory

3.Humanistic theory

4.The integrative approach


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Trait Theory: Personality traits are enduring characteristics that

describe an individuals behavior

Consistently found dimensions of thinking, behaviorand feeling

Allow individuals to be placed in a continuum withrespect to different traits (e.g., introversion-extraversion, neuroticism-emotional stability)

A trait is a temporally stable, cross situationalindividual difference.


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Trait Theory-Sixteen Primary

Personality Traits

Reserved VS

Less intelligent

Affected by feelings

Submissive

Serious

Expedient

Timid

Tough-minded

Trusting

Practical

Forthright

Self-assured

Conservative

Group-dependent

Uncontrolled

Relaxed

OutgoingMore intelligentEmotionally stableDominantHappy-go-luckyConscientiousVenturesomeSensitiveSuspiciousImaginativeShrewdApprehensiveExperimentingSelf-sufficientControlledTense


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Personality Type Approach

Myers-Briggs

MBTI: One of the most widely used personalityframeworks that taps four characteristics andclassifies people into one of 16 personality types.

A person has: primary and second choice auxiliary Introvert (I) or Extravert (E) Sensing (S) or Intuition (N) Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) Perceiving (P) or Judging (J)

Hence there are 2x2x2x2=16 different MBTI personality types, asshown

ENTP ENFP ESTP ESFP ENTJ ENFJ ESTJ ESFJ INTP INFP ISTP ISFP INTJ INFJ ISTJ ISFJ


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Trait Theory-The Big Five Model

Classifications:Extraversion

Emotional Stability

Openness to Experience

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness


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Psychodynamic theory:The personality theory that emphasizes theunconscious determinants of behavior

Freuds concept ofId, Ego and Superego

Id. The most primitive element, the source of drivesand impulses operating in uncensored manner.

Superego. The conscience self containing values andshould and should-not of personality.

Ego. The reality principle, manages the conflictbetween Id and Superego.


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Humanistic theory:

Focuses on individual growth and improvement.

It is distinctly people centered and also emphasizesthe individuals view of world.

It contributes an understanding of the self topersonality theory and contends that the Self

concept is the most important part of anindividuals personality (concept ofReal selfandIdeal self).


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Integrative approach:

Personality is described as a composite of theindividuals psychological processes.

Personality disposition include emotions, cognitions,attitudes, expectancies, and fantasies.

(Dispositions-tendencies of individuals to respond tosituations in consistent ways. Influenced by bothgenetics and experiences, dispositions can be

modified). Integrative approach focuses on both person

(dispositions) and situational variables as combinedpredictors of behavior.


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Major Personality Attributes

Influencing OB

Locus of Control

Machiavellianism

Self-Esteem Self-Monitoring

Risk Taking

Type A and Type B Personalities


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Locus of Control

The degree to which people believethey are in control of their own fate

Internals

Individuals who believe that they controlwhat happens to them

Externals

Individuals who believe that whathappens to them is controlled by outsideforces such as luck or chance


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Machiavellianism

Degree to which an individual ispragmatic, maintains emotionaldistance, and believes that ends can

justify means


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Self-Esteem

Individuals degree of liking ordisliking of themselves


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Self-Monitoring

A personality trait that measures anindividuals ability to adjustbehaviour to external situationalfactors


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Risk-Taking

Refers to a persons willingness totake chances or risks


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Type A Personality

Always moving, walking, and eatingrapidly.

Feel impatient with the rate at which

most events take place. Strive to think or do two or more things

at once.

Cannot cope with leisure time.

Are obsessed with numbers, measuringtheir success in terms of how many orhow much of everything they acquire.


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Type B Personality

Never suffer from a sense of timeurgency with its accompanyingimpatience.

Feel no need to display or discusseither their achievements oraccomplishments unless such exposureis demanded by the situation.

Play for fun and relaxation, rather thanto exhibit their superiority at any cost.

Can relax without guilt.


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Measurement

Assessments can be structured orunstructured

Structured - long list of questions answered by theperson.

e.g. MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory - 550 questions directed at 10 scales(subtests) each measuring a different aspect of

personality


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MMPI

Examples

Depression -I often feel that life is not worthliving

Paranoia -Several people are following me

everywhere Schizophrenia -I seem to hear things that

other people cannot hear

Psychopathic deviance -I often was in troublein school although I did not understand for what

reasons. I sometimes gossip with other people


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Measurement

Unstructured personality measurement

e.g. Projective techniques - present ambiguous

stimulus and individual will project some kind ofstructure that reflects underlying psychological

characteristics. Some of them are,

Free association

Rorschach Inkblot tests

Thematic Apperception Test


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Exercise

Five Factor Test

http://www2.wmin.ac.uk/~buchant/wwwffi

Case discussion: Daniel Rothstein

Group exercise:

Break off into groups of 5 or 6

Identify personality characteristics of businessentrepreneurs

Identify personality characteristics that hinder highperformance and justify.
http://www2.wmin.ac.uk/~buchant/wwwffihttp://www2.wmin.ac.uk/~buchant/wwwffi

Personality Presentation Blac Kboard (2)

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