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TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN
UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
08
PENGOLAHAN
BAHAN GALIAN
Oleh : Ir. Restu Juniah, MT
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JADWAL PERKULIAHANTAMBAN REULER
!ERTEMUAN TANAL MATERI KETi "#$%EB PENDAHULUAN &'e
II "($ %EB DA)AR# !*+ )ean+*er-ln
III #$%EB %LOTA)I a'an *er-lni/ 01 MARET JIIN
TABLIN2 "0 MARET DM), HM),
)LUI3E BO42I "5MARET )PIRAL
KON)ENTRA)I2II #6 MARET HT) 7 M)
2III #( MARET($"" APRIL
MID TE)T TENTATI%
TAMBAN EK)TEN)I!ERTEMUAN TANAL MATERI KET
i "1$%EB PENDAHULUAN )elasa
II #1$ %EB DA)AR# !*+ sa*tu
III 0"$MARET %LOTA)I sa*tui/ 0( MARET JIIN
TABLINsa*tu
2 " MARET DM), HM),)LUI3E BO4
sa*tu
2I ##MARET )PIRALKON)ENTRA)I
sa*tu
2II 7 2III # 8 #9
MARET
HT) 7 M) )elasa
sa*tu2III 7 i "# APRIL MID TE)T ;
MATERI PERKULIAHANPENOLAHAN BAHAN ALIAN
Oleh : Ir. Restu Juniah, MT
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BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1. Pengertian PBG
2. Tujuan PBG
3. Keuntungan PBG4. Sarat PBG
!. Stu"i Ba#an
Ba$u
BAB II
P%EPA%ASI
1. K&'inu(i
2. K)a(i*i$a(i
+,ru(#ing
+ Grin"ing
+ S-reening
+ ,)a(i*ing
BAB III
KNSENT%ASI
+ Han" (&rting
+ K&n(entra(i gra/ita(i
+ )&ta(i+ Pe'i(a#an 'agneti-
+ Pe'i(a#an e)e$tri(
BAB I
DEATE%ING + T#i-$ening
+ i)tering
+ Dring
BAB PE%ASI TEKNIK
er#itungan5
+ Pa'ent
+ Di(tri6u(i ar$ti$e)
ana)i(a (-reen5
+ Energi $&'inu(i
+ Be6an (ir$u)a(i
+ Ke-eatan
engen"aan
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RE%EREN)I
1. ,urrie. 7 9n Unit Operation in Mineral Processing Deart'ent &* ,#e'i-a) a
7eta))urgi-a) Te-#n&)&g Briti(# ,&)u'6ia In(titute &* Te-#n&)&g Burna6 Briti
,&)u'6ia ,#ater : 1;:3.
2. Ke)). G. Err&) an" S&ti((&r$ ? ,#i(-#e(ter ? Bri(6ane ? T&r&nt& ? Singaura Pr&r E
@7inera) Pr&-e((ing@ E)(e/ier Pu6)i(#ing ,& Lt" In- A'(ter"a' ? L&n"&n ? N
>&r$.
3. i))( B. AMineral Processing Technology i(rt E"iti&n Perga'&n Pre(( 1;8;.
4. A"a'(&n A. Physical Chemistry of Surface i*t# E"iti&n Deart'ent
,#e'i(tr &* S&ut#ern ,a)i*&rnia L&( Ange)e( ,a)i*&rnia 9n i)e =S&n( I
Ne< &r$ #a) 4 ? 18 1;;0.
!. Ha(ji' 7 Pengolahan Mineral Secara Flotasi, 9uru(an Te$ni$ Perta'6ang
Uni/er(ita( Sri
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Pengolahan Bahan Galian
I. PENDAHULUAN
Peng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ian a"a)a# (uatu ta#aan ata
r&(e( untu$ 'eng&)a# C6iji#C (e"e'i$ian rua "enga
'e'erguna$an (i*at $i'ia "an *i(i$na (e#inga "i"a
r&"u$ ang "aat "ijua) 6er#arga5 "an r&"u$ ang ti"a
6er#arga "engan ti"a$ 'engu6a# (i*at *i(i$ "an $i'
'inera) ang 6er(ang$utan (e-ara e$&n&'i( 6er"a(ar$a
te$n&)&gi ang a"a (e$arang.
Ber"a(ar$an ta#aan r&(e( eng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ia
"aat "i6agi 'enja"i tiga ta#aan r&(e( aitu ta#a
preparasita#apemisahan"an ta#a deatering!
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II. TU9UAN
Tahapan PBG
I. Preara(i
II. Konsentras
III. !e"atern#
$. Sa%p&n#
'. Ko%n(s )%e%*e*as+an
%nera&, -r(shn# $/'0
In1hGrn2n# 3 $/'0
In1h
4. S5n# )Pe%sahan *er2asar+an (+(ran,
S1reenn#
6&otas ) Per*e2aan Te#an#an
Per%(+aan ,
HTS ) S7at Ke&str+an5
MS )S7at Ke%a#netan,
Han2sortn# )+&ap,
Gra8tasJ##n#9 Ta*&n#9 S&(1e Bo:9 !(&an#
!MS9 HMS9 spra& +onsentras
Th1+enn# ; 0 ?
6&tern# ; >0 = @0 ?
!rn# ; C0 = $00 ?
-&ass7er
H2ro11&one
P%.DUK
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Kegiatan eng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ian 6ertujuan untu$
1. 7e'6e6a($an 'inera) 6er#arga "ari 'inera) eng&t&rn
'e)i6era(i5
2. 7eng&ntr&) u$uran arti$e) agar (e(uai "engan r&(
(e)anjutna re"u$(i u$uran "an e'i(a#an u$uran arti$e)(iFing
3. 7eng&ntr&) agar 6iji# 'e'unai u$uran ang re)ati* (eraga'
4. 7eng&ntr&) agar 6iji# 'e'unai $a"ar ang re)ati* (eraga'
!. 7e'i(a#$an "an 'e'6e6a($an 'inera) 6er#arga "a
eng&t&rna
. 7enurun$an $an"ungan eng&t&r 'enai$$an $a"ar 'iner
6er#arga5
III. KEUNTUNGAN
Keuntungan "engan "i)a$u$anna r&(e( eng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ian
1. 7engurangi &ng$&( 6iaa engang$utan
2. 7engurangi &ng$&( 6iaa e)e6uran
3. 7engurangi $e#i)angan 'inera) 6er#arga a"a (aat e)e6uran
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I. S>A%AT
Be6eraa (arat ang er)u "ier#ati$an "a)a' PBG
1. A"a er6e"aan (i*at ang "i$e#en"a$i
2. Lea( 6e6a( ter)i6era(i5
.STUDI BAHAN BAKU
In*&r'a(i atau "ata 'inera) ang "ier)u$an "iantarana
1. 7a-a' "an $&'&(i(i 'inera) "a)a' 6a#an ga)ian
2. Ka"ar 'a(ing+'a(ing 'inera) "a)a' 6a#an ga)ian
3. Be(ar u$uran "an "i(tri6u(i u$uran
4. Di(tri6u(i 'inera)+'inera)na
!. 7a-a' "an tie i$atan 'inera)+'inera)na
. Derajat )i6era(i 'inera)+'inera)na
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:.Si*at+(i*at *i(i$ 'inera)na (eerti 6erat jeni( $e'agneta
$&n"u$ti/ita( )i(tri$ (i*at+(i*at er'u$aan 'inera)na "
(e6againa
8.Per(aratan $ua)ita( 6a#an ga)ian (e6agai 6a#an 6a$u unt
e$(tra$(i )&ga' atau untu$ (uatu in"u(tri
;. Te$n&)&gi 6a#an ga)ian ang "iguna$an.
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Ba#an A&r Pen#o&ahan Bahan Ga&an
Biji# Ga)ena P6S5
K&'inu(i
SiFing
K&n(entra(i
K&n(entrat Tai)ing
i)tra(i
S'e)ter
,ru(#ing
0! in-#
Grin"ing 0! in-#
S-reening
K)a(i*i$a(i+ H"r&
--)&ne
+,)a((i*ier
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-ontoh Peta A&r Se2erhana
Biji# Ga)ena P6S
Pere'u$an ,ru(#ing
Grin"ing Peng#a)u(an
K)a(i*i$a(i
)&ta(i
K&n(entrat
'inera)5Tai)ing
i)tra(i
S'e)ter
L&ga' 5
Pengen"aan
./er(iFe
Un"er (iFe
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Proses Pen#o&ahan Bahan Ga&an
BDh ;
Se$u'u)an 'inera) ang "aat 'eng#a(i)$an (atu atau )e6
&ga' (e-ara e$&n&'i( (e(uai "engan $ea"aan te$n&)&gi (aat itu.
100 t&n Biji# P6S $a"ar 8
Dir&(e( PBG )&ta(i5
Di#a(i)$an 40 t&n P6S $a"ar 0
Dir&(e( 'eta)urgi "ier&)e#
Dir&(e( 'eta)urgi "ier&)e#
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!ASAR!ASAR ISTILAH PBG
1. Pu) Suatu -a'uran ang "iangga #&'&ge
antara -airan "engan a"atan (&)i"5.
2. Persen so&2 a"atan 9u')a# 6erat (&)i" ang a"
"a)a' u) "inata$an "a)a' er(en 5.
3. !&(ton ;Per6an"ingan antara 6erat air "enga
6erat (&)i" ang a"a "a)a' u).
4. S&)i" *a-t&r Per6an"ingan antara ju')a# 6er
(&)i" "an 6erat air ang a"a "a)a' u).
,&nt Pu) "engan er(en (&)i" 20
"rtinya"a)a' u) ter(e6ut a"a 20 a"atan
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80 air
7a$a Di)uti&n 8020 J 4
S&)i" *a-t&r 2080 J
!. %e-&/er er&)e#an5 9u')a# 6erat )&ga
'inera)5 ang tera'6i) "a)a' (uatu r&(
eng&)a#an ena'6angan5 "i6an"ing$an "engan ju')a
)&ga' 'inera)5 $e(e)uru#an ang a"a "a)a' *ee"
u'an "inata$an "a)a' er(en5.
I100=F
#$
.. 15
I100
.
.=
fF
%#
25
I1005
5
=t%f
tf%
. 35
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Di'ana
J Berat u'an *ee"5 t&n
K J Berat $&n(entrat t&n
T J Berat tai)ing t&n* J $a"ar 6erat )&ga'5 "a)a' u'an 5
$ J $a"ar 6erat )&ga'5 "a)a' $&n(entrat 5
t J $a"ar 6erat )&ga'5 "a)a' tai)ing 5
. 7ateria) 6a)an-e 9u')a# 'ateria) ang 'a(u
"a)a' r&(e( #aru( (a'a "engan ang ang $e)u
"ari r&(e(.
tT%#fF
T#F
... +=
+=
. !5
:. %ati& &* -&n-entrati&n %&,5 er6an"inga
antara 6erat 6iji# a
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untu$ 'en"aat$an 1 (atuan 6erat $&n(entrat t&
atau $g5.
#
F
$OC=
tf
t%
=
,&nt !210 =
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U'an Biji# *5
J 6erat u'an
* J $a"ar u'an
Pr&(e( e'i(a#an
K&n(entrat K $5 Tai)ing T t5
K J 6erat $&n(entrat T J 6erat tai)ing
$ J $a"ar "a)a' $&n(entrat t J $a"ar tai)ing
Ba#an A&r Pe%sahan
N&. Berat U'an
5
Berat K&n(entrat
K5
Berat Tai)ing
T5
* $ t %e-&/er
.
2.
3.
Ta*e& Has& Pe%sahan Mnera& 2an Re1o8er
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ROUGHER9 -LEANER9 S-AVENGER
NE%A,A BAHAN
P%SES BE%LANGSUNG SE,A%A KNTINU 7ASUKAN J KELUA%AN
P%SES BE%LANGSUNG SE,A%A TIDAK KNTINU 7ASUKAN J KELUA%AN M AKU7ULASI
-ontoh $ ;
U'an (uatu r&(e( $&n(entra(i a"a)a# 1000 tja' "engan 10
P6S. K&n(entrat ang "i#a(i)$an 'engan"ung 80 P6S (e"an
tai)ingna 'engan"ung 01; P6S. Beraa 6erat $&n(entrat "
tai)ing a$#ir ang "ier&)e# "an %E, (erta %,
Da(ar er#itungan Per ja'
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7a(u$an J Ke)uaran tana a$u'u)a(i5
Berat 6iji# T#F +=
T#+=1000 .1
Berat P6S tT%#fF +=
1;08010000 += T# .2 5
Dua er(a'aan "engan "ua /aria6e) ang ti"a"i$eta#ui.
5. 51000 T%+= 8
25. T# 01;081000 +=
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t&nEja'122;18::1000
T+K
TK
t&nEja'::18;81:
:000
01;08:000
==
=
+=
==
=
#
T
TT
Berat $&n(entrat ang "ier&)e# a"a)a# 122; t&n untu$ (etia ja'.
( )
I33;8I10051;08010
1;01080
I1005
5=
=
=
t%f
tf%
$
I32;8I100101000
80;122I100
.
.=
==
fF
%#
138;122
1000===
#
F$oC
1381;010
1;080=
=
=
tf
t%
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-ontoh '. Ro(#her9 -&eaner
K&n(entrat P6S "ier&)e# "ari *)&ta(i ang 'e)i6at$an ta#a+ta#a r&ug#er "an -)eaner. Tai)ing ta#a -)eaner
'engan"ung 20 P6S "i$e'6a)i$an $e ta#a r&ug#er "engan 6e6an (ir$u)a(i 02!. Dengan er&)e#an $&n(e
;82 a"a $a"ar P6S ;0 tentu$an 6erat "an $a"ar 'a(ing+'a(ing 6agian 6i)a u'an ang 'a(u$ a"a)a# 1
&nja' "an $a"arna 10 P6S
a
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Nera-a P6S "a)a' -)eaner
55 cc tT%#a" +=
Per&)e#an J ;82
=
"a)a'P6SBerat
K"a)a'P6SI100
.
. &erat
fF
%#$
100101000
;0
2;8
=
#
t&n10;1=#
7a(u$an J Ke)uaran
T#F +=
T+= 110;1000 t&n;8;0=T
%&ug#er
T"F +=+ 2!0
;8;02!0000 +=+ " t&n3!;1="
,)eaner eri$(a u)ang5
#T" c+=
110;2!013!; +=
Beraa #arga a t
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P6S "a)a' r&ug#er
5555 a"tTtTfF cc +=+
513!;5;8;052!05101000 attc +=+
....15..........13!;;8;0!00010000 at+=+
;8;0
13!;1!000 a =
Nera-a P6S "a)a' -)eaner
%#tTa" cc +=
;0110;202!013!; +=a
I2:4113!;
;81;!000 =+=a
;8;0
13!;1!000 at =
I200;8;0
2:4113!;1!000=
=
Beraa er&)e#an "a)a' r&ug#er -)eaner
Per&)e#an "a)a' r&ug#er
+
== I10055I100.
.
cc tTfF
a"
fF
%#
$
I80;8I1005202!05101000
2:4113!; =+
=
Per&)e#an "a)a' -)eaner I100=a"
%#
I2!AAI100
2:4113!;
;0110;=
=c$
KESIMPULAN ; ro(#her 1&eaner
Ta#a -)eaner 6ertujuan untu$ 'e'6er(i#$an $&n(entrat "ari eng&t&rna (e"ang ta#a r&ug#er untu$ 'enga'
e6ana$ 'ung$in 'inera) 6er#arga. Artina er&)e#an "a)a' ta#a r&ug#er (e)a)u "iu(a#a$an tinggi (e"ang "a
r&(e( -)eaner ti"a$ ter)a)u tinggi.
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6LOTASI
Pengertian
Pe'i(a#an 'inera) 6er#arga "an ti"a$ 6er#arga 6er"a(ar$an tegangan er'u$aan "engan -ara 'engaung
arti$e) 'inera) $e *a(a 6ui#
Prin(i Pe'i(a#an
A"ana 'inera) 'engaung #i"r&*&6i$ta$ut airti"a$ 6a(a#5 "an ti"a$ 'engaung #i"r&*i)i$t
u"ara"i6a(a#i5
7e$ani('e
Pe'i(a#an
7e$ani('e )&ta(i
Keterangan
O 'inera) 'engaung #i"r&*&6i$5
'inera) tengge)a' #i"r&*i)i$5
Ta#aan )&ta(i
1. ,&n"iti&ning'eng$&n"i(i$an (ua(ana (e(uai ang $ita ingin$an
2. Pengaungan Aera(i Pengu"araan
)&ta(i 6er)ang(ung
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a$t&r+*a$t&r ang 'e'engaru#i *)&ta(i
1. U$uran 6utir u'u'na $urang "ari ! Q
2. Per(en (&)i"
3. PH
4. 9u')a# K&)e$t&r
!. 9u')a# e'6ui#
. 9u')a# "ere(ant
:. a$tu engaungan
8. a$tu eng$&n"i(ian
;. Laju U"ara
10. Ke-eatan enga"u$an %P7
Pera)atan )&ta(i
1. ,e)) )&ta(i
2. Den/er 7e(in )&ta(i
3. 7i-r&-e)) )&ta(i Ha))i'aun" Tu6e5
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!&lar
hir&!&*i< Or+ani'=H3 n&n&r+ani'
hir&!ili'
N&n$!&lar
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r&t#er Pe'6ui#
7&)e$u) r&t#er
,&nt r&t#er Pi)e &i) terentin5
7IB, 7eti) I(&6uti) ,ar6in&)5
PH %egu)at&r Pengatur PH
7enai$$an PH
Pena'6a#an $aur ,a NaH Na2,3 NH4H
7enurun$an PHH,) (u)*uri$ (u)*ur&(.
po&ar
h2ropo*1 -H4)O-4H>,:OH
G(#(s h2ro+s&/
%enar+ ar
Nonpo&ar
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A$ti/at&r Dere(ant Di(er(an
Na2,S35 R Na2,3H2S4 R Na,)
Gara'+gara' in &rgani-
Su"ut K&nta$ "an K&nta$ Tiga a(a
K&nta$ antara er'u$aan a"atan 'inera) "an ge)e'6
u"ara "i "a)a' air antar 'u$a a"atan u"ara "an a"atan
"iga'6ar$an "i ata( 6i"ang ang (a'a
Su"ut ang ter6entu$ antara er'u$aan a"at "an antar '
air ? u"ara "an "iu$ur 'e)a)ui *a(a air
J 0 n&)5 er'u$aan
a"atan "i(e)i'uti air #i"r&i)i$
J 180 u"ara 'enutui
a"atan
-&(D uapapu'oung =
ua
papu
=-&(
"i 'ana
J (u"ut $&nta$
u J tegangan antar 'u$a a"atan ? u"ara
a J tegangan antar 'u$a a"atan ? -air
ua J tegangan antar 'u$a u"ara ? air
NB Su"ut $&nta$ u$uran $e#i"r&&6)an er'u$aan 'inera)
PENURUNAN ENERGI BEBAS
Hu$u' II Ter'&"ina'i$a
Per)e$atan erti$e) a"a ge)e'6ung u"ara a$an 6er)ang(ung ji$a terja"i engurangan energi 6e6a( "ari ((te' ter(e
Vua
Va
Pa"atan'inera)
U"ara
Vuir
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Energi 6e6a( SEBELU7 terja"i er)e$atan antara arti$e) "an ge)e'6ung u"ara.
papaauau ""G ..1 +=
Energi 6e6a( SETELAH
15.1512 ++= pupapaauan ""G
Keterangan
G1 J energi 6e6a( (e6e)u' er)e$atan arti$e) ge)e'6ung u"ara erg5
G2J energi 6e6a( (ete)a# erg5
AaJ )ua( 6i"ang antar 'u$a a"at air erg-'25
AuJ )ua( 6i"ang antar 'u$a air u"ara erg-'25
51-&( = "UG
>&ung ? Dure
Diguna$an untu$ 'engana)i(a $e'ung$inan 6er)ang(ungna r&(e( *)&ta(i.
=G r&(e( *)&ta(i 6er)ang(ung
0=< 0>
7a$in 6e(ar (u"ut $&nta$WG 'a$in negati/e 6erarti engurangan energi 6e6a( 'a$in 6e(ar.
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Per)e$atan arti$e) a"a ge)e'6ung u"ara "aa aung
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POINT FERO O6 -HARGE )PF-,
PH "i 'ana a$ti/ita( a"a 'uatan er'u$aan+er'u$aan
PH PX, er'u$aan 6er'uatan M 5
PH PX, er'u$aan 6er'uatan ? 5
PX, "ier)u$an untu$ 'e'i)i# jeni( $&)e$t&r
A Pe'a$aian $&)e$t&r ani&ni-
B Pe'a$aian $&)e$t&r $ati&ni$
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LAPIS %ANGKAP ELEKT%IK ELE,T%I,AL DUBLE LA>E%5
K)a(en "an 7&u$(a
Si(te' "i 'ana terja"i e'i(a#an 'uatan )i(tri$ a"a antar *a(a aitu a"ana (atu )ai(an 6er'uatan
"an (atu )ai(an ?5.
Stru$tur Lai( %ang$a E)e$tri$
7 ? 7 Bagian "ari 'inera) )atti-e
? 1 Bata( antara )ai(an @)atti-eC ang 6eru6a# "an ti"a$ 6eru6a#
A A Ku)it a)ing "a)a' "ari "&u6)e )aer ang ter6entu$ &)e# ani&n
2 ? 2 Bata( *i(i$ 'ini'a) Y )arutan aZua
K ? $ Ku)it )uar "&u6)e )aer "engan i&n ang 6er)a
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JIGGING
Pengertian Pr&(e( e'i(a#an 'inera) ang 6ergantung a"a $e'a'uan arti$e) 'inera) 'ener&6&(
6er"a(ar$an er6e"aan u$uran "an (e-i*i- gra/it.
Prin(i e'i(a#an
7a'u ti"a$na 'inera) 'ener&6&( 6e"
+ 7a'uK&n(entrat 'e)e
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+ arti$e) ringan u$uran 6e(ar ter6a
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S$e'ati$ Si$)u( 9igging
SIKLUS 9IGGING
A. Pu)(i&n
B. Di**erentia) A--e)arati&n
,. Hin"ere" Sett)ing
D. Intertitia) Tri-)ing ,&n(&)i"ati&n
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AB J DA
B, J HS
, J ,r&(( )&