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![Page 1: Optical Networks: Technical and Financial Issues AREON Planning Meeting November 1, 2005 Little Rock, Arkansas David Merrifield University of Arkansas.](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f0b5503460f94c1e7eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Optical Networks:Technical and Financial Issues
AREON Planning MeetingNovember 1, 2005
Little Rock, Arkansas
David MerrifieldUniversity of Arkansas
![Page 2: Optical Networks: Technical and Financial Issues AREON Planning Meeting November 1, 2005 Little Rock, Arkansas David Merrifield University of Arkansas.](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f0b5503460f94c1e7eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda
• Optical network components
• Building an optical network
• Connecting to an optical network
• Campus network infrastructure
• Costs
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Optical Network Components
Fiber optic cable
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Optical Network Components
Transmitter
Receiver
Optronics to“light the fiber”
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Optical Network Components
Transmitter
Receiver
Receiver
Transmitter
Fiber pair requiredfor bi-directionalcommunications
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Optical Network Components
• Light amplification is required over long distances– influenced by fiber type, light loss, and
optronics– 80-120km (50-75mi) spacing typical
Transmitter Receiver
EDFAErbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
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Optical Network Components
Transmitter Receiver
RCVR
ELEC
XMTR
O-E-OOptical-Electrical-Optical
• Signal regeneration is required over very long distances– influenced by fiber type, light loss, and
optronics– 600km (375mi) spacing typical
![Page 8: Optical Networks: Technical and Financial Issues AREON Planning Meeting November 1, 2005 Little Rock, Arkansas David Merrifield University of Arkansas.](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f0b5503460f94c1e7eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wave Division Multiplexing
Laser Rcvr
• Single signal transmitted on a single fiber is relatively simple.
![Page 9: Optical Networks: Technical and Financial Issues AREON Planning Meeting November 1, 2005 Little Rock, Arkansas David Merrifield University of Arkansas.](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f0b5503460f94c1e7eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Technique of placing multiple signals via different wavelengths onto a single fiber using FDM-Frequency Division Multiplexing
Wave Division Multiplexing
Laser
Laser
Laser Rcvr
Rcvr
Rcvr
Mux Mux
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Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Transmitter AITU Ch. 1
Transmitter BITU Ch. 2
Transmitter CITU Ch. 3
Transmitter DITU Ch. 4
4-Ch.DWDM
Mux
4-Ch.DWDMDemux
Receiver A
Receiver B
Receiver C
Receiver D
l1
l4
l3
l2
l1
l2
l3
l4
EDFA
A lambda (l) is a single wavelength.
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Optical Add/Drop Mux
OADM OADM
Transmitter Receiver
Single Fiber Filament
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Optical Add/Drop Mux
Transmitter AITU Ch. 1
Transmitter BITU Ch. 2
Transmitter CITU Ch. 3
Transmitter DITU Ch. 4
OADM OADM
Receiver A
Receiver B
Receiver C
Receiver D
l1
l4
l3
l2
l1
l2
l3
l4
OADMs provide means for creating “optical circuits.”
OADM
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Building a Regional Optical Network
• Preliminary network design issues– Determine connecting sites– Determine route redundancy requirements– Anticipate future needs
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LOTA Ring
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AREON Backbone
Conceptual
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AREON Backbone
UARK
SAU
ATUUAFS
HSU
UCA
UAM
UAPB
ASU
UALRUAMS
TULSA
DALLAS
MEMPHIS
MONROE
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Building a Regional Optical Network
• Research fiber availability and type
• Obtain fiber IRUs (if possible)
• Do fiber characterization
• Identify lambdas necessary for applications
• Engineer for Layer 1 & Layer 3
• Acquire and install equipment
• Connect participant networks
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Building a Regional Optical Network
• Contract with National LambdaRail members in neighboring states (LOTA)
• Contract for commodity Internet through Quilt
• Contract for Internet2/Abilene Network access
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Local loop
• Layer 1 and Layer 3
• Lambdas
• Alternatives
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Local loop– Backbone fiber provider already terminates
at your PoP– Use a different fiber provider to reach the
backbone– Fiber provider builds a lateral fiber to your
PoP (or nearby)– Bury your own fiber to the backbone
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Local loop
Fiber Hut
Fiber Hand HoleCarrier Hotel
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Local loop
CAMPUS
PoP3 miles
2 m
iles
Fiber Hut
Costs can be significant• Right of way• Buried vs. aerial• Cable• Labor• $3 - $50 per foot
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Layer 1 and Layer 3
AREONBackbone Fiber
Local Loop
Campus OpticalInfrastructure
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
OpticalResearch Lab
AREONBackbone OADM
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Layer 1 and Layer 3AREON
Backbone OADM
Local LoopGigabit Ethernet
Campus BorderRouter
CampusIP Network
AREONBackbone Fiber
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Lambdas– Identify locations that your campus network
needs to communicate with– Determine bandwidth needs
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Lambdas
10G 8xGE
2.7G 2xGE
2.7G OC-12
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Connecting to a Regional Optical Network
• Is optical network connect what you need?– High entry cost– High maintenance costs– Realistic bandwidth expectations
• Alternatives do exist– Leased ‘lit’ services (lambdas)– Standard carrier options (DS3, OC-3, …)– State network & SEGP
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Campus Network Infrastructure
• Upgrades may be necessary to support high bandwidth
• Determine core network needs
• Determine border needs
• Consider security needs as well
• Plan for the future
• Budget for maintenance and operations expenses
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Campus Network Infrastructure
Juniper T320Force10 E300
Building LANs
Firewall
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Costs
• Cost categories include:– State backbone buildout– Campus connection to backbone– Shared and dedicated lambdas– Campus network infrastructure upgrades– State backbone maintenance– Network operations– Organizational costs– SEGP membership– Internet and Internet2 bandwidth
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Costs
• State backbone buildout– Backbone includes:
• Tulsa to Fayetteville to Fort Smith to Little Rock• Little Rock to Pine Bluff to Monroe, LA
– Additional fiber acquired:• Little Rock to Memphis• Memphis to Jonesboro• Little Rock to Texarkana to Dallas
• Estimated cost: $7.75M (thru Dec 2007)
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Costs
• Campus connection to backbone– Cost of fiber connection to nearest state
backbone OADM site • varies substantially from site to site• requires engineering to determine full cost
– Cost of optronics in OADM– Possible colocation costs
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Costs
• Shared and dedicated lambdas
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Costs
• Campus network infrastructure upgrades– Varies substantially from campus to campus– Recommend concentrating on two areas:
• Gigabit ethernet in the core• Upgrading border router to support gigabit
ethernet
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Costs
• State backbone maintenance
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Costs
• Network operations– Salaries & benefits of engineers– Equipment– Software– Training– Travel– Cost of doing business (office space,
furniture, phones, etc.)
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Costs
• Organizational costs– Salaries & benefits– Legal & auditing expenses– Consulting fees– Cost of doing business (office, furniture,
equipment, phones, etc.)
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Costs
• SEGP membership
• Requires an Internet2 member sponsor
• Access to Internet2/Abilene network is through member sponsor
• SEGP annual fee– $30,000 + ($2,000 x no. of seats in House) =
$38,000 for Arkansas
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Costs
• Internet bandwidth– Quilt membership– Discounted Commodity Internet– Cost estimated under $50 / Mbps / month
• e.g., 10 megabit = 10 x $50 x 12 = $6,000 annually
• Internet2 bandwidth– UARK, UALR, UAMS share 45 Mbps today– ASU has separate OC-3
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Contact
• David MerrifieldAssociate Director
University of ArkansasComputing Services155 Razorback RoadFayetteville, AR 72701